?_iht OL*4

#L t|iTT?}t|L?i LMt i t|q ,@h*) U@hiih T@|t ? |i 4i_U@*

ThLuittL?

Bih@h_ a @? _i? ih}

?_iht OL*4

a@?  @? ht

@) 2Hc bbb

Devwudfw

Lq wkh Qhwkhuodqgv/ vwxghqwv zkr zdqw wr ehfrph d phglfdo vshfldolvw kdyh wr hquro lq d wudlqlqj surjudp zklfk lv lq olplwhg vxsso|1 Gxulqj wkh vhdufk iru d srvlwlrq dv wudlqhh +ru _mxqlru phglfdo vshfldolvw%,/

wkh| pd| dffhsw d whpsrudu| mre dv d phglfdo dvvlvwdqw1 Zh xvh d pl0 fur gdwd vhw wr lqyhvwljdwh zkhwkhu vxfk zrun h{shulhqfh lqfuhdvhv wkh suredelolw| ri ehfrplqj mxqlru phglfdo vshfldolvw1 Wr ghdo zlwk vhohf0 wlylw|/ zh vlpxowdqhrxvo| prgho wkh wudqvlwlrqv iurp xqhpsor|phqw wr wudlqhh/ iurp xqhpsor|phqw wr phglfdo dvvlvwdqw/ iurp phglfdo dvvlv0 wdqw wr wudlqhh dqg iurp phglfdo dvvlvwdqw wr xqhpsor|phqw1 Zh qg wkdw d mre dv phglfdo dvvlvwdqw khosv wr ehfrph d phglfdo vshfldolvw1 Nh|zrugv= mre vhdufk/ pxowlyduldwh gxudwlrq prghov/ kd}dug udwh/ hg0 xfdwlrq/ xqlyhuvlw|/ wuhdwphqw hhfw1

MHO frghv= M97/ F74/ L541

Ghsduwphqw ri Hfrqrplfv/ Iuhh Xqlyhuvlw| Dpvwhugdp/ Gh Erhohoddq 4438/

QO~43;4 KY Dpvwhugdp/ Wkh Qhwkhuodqgv/ Wlqehujhq Lqvwlwxwh/ FHSU/ dqg FUHVW1

|Lqvwlwxwh ri Orfdo Jryhuqphqw Vwxglhv/ Ghqpdun/ Q|ursvjdgh 6:/ GN~4935 Frshq0 kdjhq Y/ Ghqpdun1

}Ghsduwphqw ri Hfrqrplfv/ Wloexuj Xqlyhuvlw|/ S1R1 Er{ <3486/ QO~8333 OH Wloexuj/

Wkh Qhwkhuodqgv/ FhqwHU iru Hfrqrplf Uhvhdufk dqg FHSU1



 W?|hL_U|L?

5?Ui |i *@|i b.ftc |i iUL?L4i|hU @?@*)tt Lu _h@|L? @h@M*it @t Mi

UL4i _itThi@_ W? |i U@ti Lu ?i4T*L)4i?| _h@|L?tc |i ?t|@?|@?iLt ThLM@M*|) Lu @ |h@?t|L? uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| |L i4T*L)4i?| t it|4@|i_

@t @ u?U|L? Lu ?__@* U@h@U|iht|Ut @t i** @t |i i*@Tti_ _h@|L? |

ti*u Etii w@?U@t|ihc bbfc #i?i @?_ kiuihc bbc @?_ V@? _i? ih}c bbbc uLh thi)t 5L4i hiUi?| t|_it uLUt L? |i igiU|t Lu |h@??} @?_ L|ih

*@MLh 4@h!i| ThL}h@4t AL it|4@|i tU @? igiU|c L?i @t |L _i@* | |i TLttM*|) |@| i?hL*4i?| ?|L |i ThL}h@4 t ti*iU|i W? |i U@ti Lu ?L?

i Tih4i?|@* _@|@c @ tL*|L? |L |t ThLM*i4 t |L 4L_i* ML| |i ThLUitt M) U ?i4T*L)i_ i?|ih |i ThL}h@4 @?_ |i ThLUitt M) U |i) i?

|ih i4T*L)4i?| Etii Bh|3c bbc L??@*c 6L}ihi @?_ 5‚ih@?_L?c bb.c @?_

MMh?}c V@? _i? ih} @?_ V@? htc bb.c uLh i @4T*it

At T@Tih @?@*)3it T@h|U*@h @tTiU|t Lu |i 4i_U@* i_U@|L? t)t|i4

? |i i|ih*@?_tc t?} |iU?^it t4*@h |L |Lti ? |i *|ih@|hi L?

|i igiU| Lu |h@??} L? ?i4T*L)4i?| _h@|L? Ai 4i_U@* i_U@|L?

t)t|i4 UL?tt|t Lu |L tUUitti t|@}itc @?_c @t i t@** tii Mi*Lc i uLUt L? |i _h@|L? Mi|ii? |iti |L t|@}it Ai €ht| t|@}i t @? i |i?_i_

?_ih}h@_@|i ThL}h@4 NTL? UL4T*i|L? Lu |tc |i ?__@* LM|@?t @ _i}hii UL4T@h@M*i |L @ @t|ih<t _i}hii Ai LU@* ||*i Lu |t _i}hii t M@tU _LU|Lh  M@tU _LU|Lh L _iU_it |L *i@i |i i_U@|L?@* t)t|i4

t L?*) @**Li_ |L Lh! ? @ *4|i_ h@?}i Lu 4i_U@* LMt 6Lh i @4T*ic

i t ?L| @**Li_ |L Lh! @t @ T)tU@? Lh @t @ th}iL? Oi t Liih

@**Li_ |L Lh! @t @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|G ? tU LMtc |i ?__@* @ttt|t 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|tc M| i _Lit ?L| hiUii @?) _i*Mih@|i |h@??} Lh uh|ih i_U@|L? `Lh! i Tihi?Ui @t @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| _Lit ?L| hit*| ? @?)

^@*€U@|L? Lh _i}hii OLiihc @t i t@** tii Mi*Lc | 4@) u@U*|@|i |i

?L ?|L |i tiUL?_ t|@}i Lu |i 4i_U@* i_U@|L?@* t)t|i4

Ai tiUL?_ t|@}i Lu |i t)t|i4 UL?Uih?t |i i_U@|L? |L MiUL4i th}iL?c })?iUL*L}t|c T)tU@? Eu@4*) _LU|Lhc i|U At i_U@|L? t ThL_i_ ?

|h@?ii TLt|L?t ? U |i ?__@* t tTihti_ M) 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|t uLh @ ?4Mih Lu )i@ht `i hiuih |L @? ?__@* ? tU @ TLt|L? @t @

?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|^ 6Lh4@**)c |iti TLt|L?t @hi |i4TLh@h) LMt Ai

4Wkh olwhudo wudqvodwlrqv ri wkh Gxwfk whupv xvhg wr ghqrwh phglfdo dvvlvwdqwv dqg mxqlru phglfdo vshfldolvwv duh= _dvvlvwdqw lq phglfdo vflhqfh qrw lq hgxfdwlrq% dqg _dvvlvwdqw lq phglfdo vflhqfh lq hgxfdwlrq%/ uhvshfwlyho| +wkh fruuhvsrqglqj dfurq|pv duh DJQLR dqg

2

?__@*t TihuLh4 hi}*@h Lh! @?_ |i) hiUii @ t@*@h) Ai ?4Mih Lu

|iti TLt|L?t t *4|i_ M) |i }Lih?4i?| @?_ M) UL44?|it Lu i t|?}

4i_U@* tTiU@*t|tc @?_ |i _i4@?_ t@**) i Uii_t |i tTT*) M) u@h W?

Lh_ih |L MiUL4i @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|c L?i }i?ih@**) @t |L @TT*) uLh

@ TLt|L?c @?_ |i @TT*U@|L? ThLUi_hi hiti4M*it |@| uLh t|@?_@h_ LM

@TT*U@|L?t 6Lh t@!i Lu UL?i?i?Uic i hiuih |L |i ?t|||L?t |@| _iU_i L? |i @TT*U@|L?t @t |i i4T*L)iht u|ih UL4T*i|L? Lu |i tiUL?_ t|@}ic

|i ?__@* t @ 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|

`i @hi ?|ihit|i_ ? |i _i|ih4?@?|t Lu |i h@|i @| U ?__@*t MiUL4i @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|c Lhc i^@*i?|*)c |i _h@|L? Lu ti@hU

uLh @ TLt|L? @t ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| W? T@h|U*@hc i i @4?i i|ih

Lh! i Tihi?Ui @t @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| ?Uhi@tit |i ?__@* |h@?t|L?

h@|i |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt | €ht| t}| | 4@) tii4 ?*!i*) |@|

|ihi i t|t @?) Lh! i Tihi?Ui @| @** |@| t @*@M*i @t @ ThiT@h@|L? Lu

?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMtc }i? |@| ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|t @U^hi i Tih| !?L*i_}i |@| i?@M*it |i4 |L _iU_i L? 4@||iht Lu *ui @?_ _i@|

L? @ hi}*@h M@ttc ihi@t M@tU _LU|Lht _L ?L| OLiihc Lh!?} @t @ 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| ?L*it 4@?) L|ih t!**tc ?U*_?} _@}?Lt|U |it|?} @?_

tLU@* t!**tc @?_ |iti 4@) Mi *i@h?i_ |L tL4i i |i?| ? 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|

LMt Atc 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt 4@) @**L |i ?__@* |L @U^hi tL4i

@__|L?@* 4@? U@T|@*

Aihi @hi @| *i@t| |L L|ih hi@tL?t uLh ) @? i4T*L)ih 4@) Thiuih |L

hi Lh!iht L @i Lh!i_ ? 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt 6ht|c @?} @_

tU @ LM 4@) Mi ?uLh4@|i L? |i @M*|) @?_ ?|ihit|t Lu |i ?__@*

Ai i4T*L)ih Lu |i 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM _iU_i_ |@| |i ?__@* @t

^@*€i_ uLh |@| LMc @?_c M) @?} @UUiT|i_ |i LMc |i ?__@* t}?@*t

|@| i t ?|ihit|i_ ? @ 4i_U@* U@hiih Ai i4T*L)iht Lu |i ?Lh 4i_U@*

tTiU@*t| LMt 4@) |i? ti 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt @t @ tUhii??} Lh t}?@**?}

_iUi At 4@) tLh| ?__@*t | Lh! i Tihi?Ui ?|L ?Lh 4i_U@*

tTiU@*t| LMt Etii `ittc bbDc uLh @ hiUi?| Lihi Lu |i ?_ih*)?} |iLh) Lu tLh|?} vi| @?L|ih i T*@?@|L? uLh @? igiU| Lu Lh! i Tihi?Ui t |@|

|i *@||ih i?*@h}it |i tLU@* ?i|Lh! Lu |i ?__@* |? |i 4i_U@*

Lh*_c @?_ |t 4@) 4@!i | i@tih uLh @? i4T*L)ih |L it|4@|i |i ^@*|) Lu |i ?__@* @t @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|

Wu Lh! i Tihi?Ui @t @ TLt|i igiU|c |i? | t ?|ihit|?} |L i @4?i

DJLR,1 Wkhvh whupv zhuh dgrswhg lq wkh 4<;3v ehfdxvh ri wkhlu uhvhpeodqfh wr wkh whup _dvvlvwdqw lq hgxfdwlrq% +dfurq|p DLR, zklfk lv jhqhudoo| xvhg wr ghqrwh SkG vwxghqwv1

i|ih |i t3i Lu |i igiU| _iTi?_t L? |i @4L?| Lu Lh! i Tihi?Ui Wu

Lh! i Tihi?Ui @t @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| ?Uhi@tit 4@? U@T|@* Lh i?*@h}it

|i hi*i@?| tLU@* ?i|Lh! |i? |i igiU| tL*_ ?Uhi@ti | |i @4L?| Lu i Tihi?Ui Wu |i Thiti?Ui Lu @?) Lh! i Tihi?Ui @U|t @t @ t}?@**?} _iUi

|i? | t *itt LMLt |@| |i igiU| _iTi?_t L? |i @4L?| Lu i Tihi?Ui

,4T*L)iht 4@) @*tL ti |i _h@|L? Lu @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM @?_ |i

*i?}| Lu |4i t?Ui }h@_@|L? @t @ M@tU _LU|Lh @t tUhii??} _iUit W?

|i uLh4ih U@tic @ LM | @ *L?} _h@|L? t}?@*t t@|tu@U|L? Lu |i €h4

@| U |i ?__@* Lh!tc tL |i i TiU|i_ igiU| Lu |i _h@|L? Lu |i 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM t TLt|ic @?_ |t 4@) i T*@? @?) TLt|i _h@|L?

_iTi?_i?Ui Lu |i |h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@*

tTiU@*t| W? |i *@||ih U@tic ?__@*t | @ } i*@Tti_ _h@|L? t?Ui }h@_@|L? @t @ M@tU _LU|Lh 4@) MiUL4i t|}4@|3i_c @?_ |t _iUhi@tit

|ih ?L h@|i ?|L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt At t M@tU@**) |i t|@?_@h_ @h}4i?| uLh ?i}@|i _h@|L? _iTi?_i?Ui Lu |i |h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| |L i4T*L)4i?| Wu |i 4L_i* _Lit ?L| UL?|@? |i i*@Tti_

_h@|L? t?Ui }h@_@|L? @t @ M@tU _LU|Lh @t @? i T*@?@|Lh) @h@M*i uLh

|i |h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| |i?

|t tLt T @t ?i}@|i _h@|L? _iTi?_i?Ui Lu |t |h@?t|L? h@|i

Ai U@?Uit |L MiUL4i @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| 4@) Mi hi*@|i_ |L

|i )i@h ? U |i t|_i?| MiU@4i M@tU _LU|Lhc i} MiU@ti |i t3i Lu

|i ?L?} ULLh| @hit Lih |i )i@ht Lh MiU@ti |i ?4Mih Lu ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt @hit Ai U@?Uit 4@) @*tL _iTi?_ L? |i ?iht|)

@| U i }h@_@|i_ 6?@**)c TihtL?@* U@h@U|iht|Ut Lu |i t|_i?|c *!i

@}ic }i?_ihc @?_ _h@|L? Lu ?_ih}h@_@|i t|_)c 4@) Mi 4TLh|@?| **

|iti U@h@U|iht|Ut 4@) @*tL ?|ih@U| | |i t3i Lu |i igiU| Lu @?} @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM L? |i U@?Uit |L MiUL4i @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|

6Lh i @4T*ic |i igiU| Lu @?} @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM 4@) Mi t4@**ih uLh t|_i?|t uhL4 @ T@h|U*@h ?iht|) u |i UhhU*4 Lu |@| ?iht|)

?U*_it @ *L| Lu Lh! i Tihi?Ui _h?} |i i_U@|L? Ai _@|@ _L ?L|

i?@M*i @? @ttitt4i?| Lu |i igiU| Lu @}it L? |i |h@?t|L?tc M| |t t ?L|

@ tihLt L4ttL? @t |ihi t @*4Lt| ?L @h@|L? ? @}it @UhLtt 4i_U@*

@ttt|@?| LMt @?_ @UhLtt ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt

h _@|@ @hi uhL4 @ bbf thi) ? U ?__@*t L MiU@4i M@tU _LU|Lh ? bHec bHSc @?_ bHHc ihi @t!i_ @ML| |ih *@MLh 4@h!i| t|Lh)c

?U*_?} @?) |h@?t|L?t ?|L @?_ L| Lu 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt @?_ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt `i ti |iti _@|@ |L it|4@|i @ 4*|t|@|i 4*|

e

tTi** _h@|L? 4L_i* `i _t|?}t Mi|ii? |i t|@|it Lu ?i4T*L)4i?|

EU ?U*_it @?} @ LM L|t_i Lu |i 4i_U@* tiU|Lhc @?} @ 4i_U@*

@ttt|@?| LMc @?_ @?} @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| TLt|L? Ai |h@?t|L?

h@|it Lu 4TLh|@?Ui @hi 4L_i**i_ @t u?U|L?t Lu LMtihi_ @?_ ?LMtihi_

i T*@?@|Lh) @h@M*it L|i |@| @**L?} uLh @h@|L? Lu LMtihi_ @?_ ?LM

tihi_ i T*@?@|Lh) @h@M*it t ?iUitt@h) ? Lh_ih |L ULhhiU| uLh @ ?L?h@?_L4

?L ?|L 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt Wu ?__@*t uLh L4 | t i@t) |L MiUL4i

?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| @hi @*tL LihhiThiti?|i_ @4L?} 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|t

|i? @ U@t@* LMtihih 4@) UL?U*_i |@| |ihi t @ TLt|i U@t@* igiU|

ii? u ? hi@*|) |ihi t ?L?i

t ?L|i_ @MLic Lh uh@4iLh! hiti4M*it |i 4L_i* uh@4iLh! ti_ ?

tL4i hiUi?| ?L?i Tih4i?|@* t|_it L? |hi@|4i?| igiU|t uLh ?i4T*L)i_

Lh!iht AL _@|ic |ihi t ?L| )i| 4U i Tihi?Ui | |i i4ThU@* @?@*)tt Lu |hi@|4i?| igiU|t L? _h@|L? @h@M*itc @?_ Lh @?@*)tt UL?|hM|it |L |t hiUi?| *|ih@|hi Etii V@? _i? ih}c bbbc uLh @ thi) L|i |@| |ihi t @ UhU@* _gihi?Ui ? |ih4?L*L}) Mi|ii? |i |hi@|4i?| igiU| *|ih@|hi @?_

|i Thiti?| T@Tihc @t i UL?t_ih |i igiU| Lu Lh! i Tihi?Ui uLh ?__@*t

L @U|@**) @4 @| }i||?} |h@??} E@*Mi| ? @ LM |@| }Lit @*L?} |

|i |h@??} h t|_) |t tLt L |L it|4@|i @ R|hi@|4i?| igiU| Lu

Lh! i Tihi?Ui L? |i ?L ?|L @? @_@?Ui_ t|_) ThL}h@4c t?} _@|@

L? _h@|L?t tTi?| ? _gihi?| t|@|it @?_ |h@?t|L?t Mi|ii? |iti t|@|it

Ai 4L_i*c U t M@tU@**) @ 4 |hi Lu ti4@h!L ThLUittitc @**Lt uLh _gihi?| R|hi@|4i?| igiU|t uLh _gihi?| ?__@*t

?i T@h|U*@h @_@?|@}i Lu Lh _@|@ t |@| |i) _L ?L| tgih uhL4 ?

|@* UL?_|L?t ThLM*i4t At i?@M*it UL?tt|i?| it|4@|L? Lu 4*|t|@|i _h@|L? 4L_i*t ?_ih hi*@|i*) i@! @tt4T|L?t EUL4T@hi i} |i UL4

T*U@|L?t i?UL?|ihi_ M) O@4 @?_ w@wL?_ic bbSc @?_ V@? _i? ih}c w?

_iMLL4 @?_ +__ihc bbe 6h|ihc uLh tL4i hitTL?_i?|t |i _@|@ UL?|@?

4*|T*i LMtih@|L?t Tih tTi** |)Ti At }hi@|*) u@U*|@|it |i _i?|€U@

|L? @?_ it|4@|L? Lu |i L?| _t|hM|L? Lu |i ?LMtihi_ i|ihL}i?i|)

@h@M*it i?|ih?} |i |h@?t|L? h@|it Etii i} OL?Lh‚ic bbc @?_ V@? _i?

ih}c bbb

Ai T*@? Lu |i T@Tih t @t uL**Lt 5iU|L? 2 ThL_it tL4i @__|L?@*

?uLh4@|L? L? |i #|U 4i_U@* i_U@|L? t)t|i4 5iU|L?  UL?|@?t @ Mhiu |iLhi|U@* _tUttL? Lu |i ti@hU Mi@Lh Lu @? ?__@* ? |i tTiU€U *@MLh 4@h!i| i UL?t_ih 5iU|L? e Thiti?|t |i _@|@c @?_ 5iU|L? D _tUttit |i iUL?L4i|hU 4L_i* tTiU€U@|L? i ti ? |i i4ThU@* @?@*)tt

D

At @UUL?|t uLh |i TLttM*i i?_L}i?i|) Lu |i 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM @t @?

?|ih4i_@|i t|@}i Mi|ii? ?_ih}h@_@|i i_U@|L? @?_ @ ?Lh 4i_U@*

tTiU@*t| 5iU|L? S UL?|@?t |i it|4@|L? hit*|t 5iU|L? . UL?U*_it

2 6*Lt ? |i 4i_U@* i_U@|L? t)t|i4

t ?L|i_ ? |i ?|hL_U|L?c |i #|U 4i_U@* i_U@|L? t)t|i4 UL?tt|t Lu

|L tUUitti t|@}itc @?_ |i ?L ?|L |i tiUL?_ t|@}i t hit|hU|i_ M) |i h@|L??} Lu @@*@M*i t*L|t @tU _LU|Lht Eic |Lti L @i €?ti_ |i

€ht| t|@}i 4@) }L uhL4 |i €ht| |L |i tiUL?_ t|@}i M) @) Lu L|ih *@MLh 4@h!i| t|@|itc *!i ?i4T*L)4i?|c Lh @?} @ |i4TLh@h) LM L|t_i |i 4i_U@* tiU|Lh @?) M@tU _LU|Lhtc Liihc Lh! uLh @ *i @t @ 4i_U@*

@ttt|@?| @?_ ? |i 4i@?|4i ti@hU uh|ih uLh @ ?Lh 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|

LM 6}hi  tLt |hii |)TU@* hL|it uhL4 |i 4L4i?| L?i MiUL4it @ M@tU _LU|Lh |L |i 4L4i?| L?i MiUL4it @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| 6ht|c

@ M@tU _LU|Lh 4@) Lh! @t 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| ?|* @ LM @t ?Lh 4i_U@*

tTiU@*t| t uL?_ 5iUL?_c @ M@tU _LU|Lh 4@) 44i_@|i*) t|@h| @t @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|c |L| @? ?|ih4i_@|i 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM tTi** Ah_c

@ M@tU _LU|Lh U@? 4Li uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| |L @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMc tMti^i?|*) _hLT M@U! ?|L ?i4T*L)4i?|c @?_ |i? €?@**) i?|ih @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LM

ML| bfbDI Lu |i M@tU _LU|Lht €?_ @ LM |? L?i )i@h @u|ih €?

t?} |i €ht| t|@}i 5Lc @| €ht| t}|c |i *@MLh 4@h!i| TLt|L? Lu |i M@tU _LU|Lht 4@) tii4 |L Mi ?L| tL M@_ W?_ii_c |i ?i4T*L)4i?| h@|i @4L?}

@** _LU|Lht E?U*_?} M@tU _LU|Lht @?_ 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|t @t @ML| SI

? |i tiUL?_ @*u Lu |i bHft OLiihc |i @t| 4@Lh|) Lu |i M@tU _LU

|Lht @4 @| MiUL4?} @ 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| EhiU@** |@| |t |ih4 ihi ?U*_it T)tU@?tc @?_ |i 4ihi u@U| |@| @ M@tU _LU|Lh t i4T*L)i_ t ?L| ?uLh

4@|i L? i|ih i t @ E?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| #h?} |i tiUL?_ @*u Lu |i bHftc |i @??@* L|L uhL4 |i €ht| t|@}i Lu 4i_U@* i_U@|L?

@t @ML| DffSff At ?4Mih i Uii_t ?4Mih Lu @@*@M*i TLt|L?t ?

|i tiUL?_ t|@}i Lu |i i_U@|L? t)t|i4 Ai @??@* ?L ?|L 4i_U@*

tTiU@*t| LMt U|@|i_ @hL?_ ff _h?} |@| TihL_ E| _iUhi@ti_ uhL4

@ML| 2ff ? bHD |L @ML| fff ? bbfc @?_ |i @ih@}i @|?} |4i uLh

|i *@||ih |)Ti Lu LMt @t ^|i *L?} Ai ?4Mih Lu 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt

?Uhi@ti_ uhL4 @ML| Dff ? bHD |L @ML| Hff ? bbf

Aihi @hi M@tU@**) |hii |)Tit Lu ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMtc i@U Lu S

|i4 ULhhitTL?_?} |L @ T@h|U*@h |)Ti Lu 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LM Ai €ht|

|)Ti UL?Uih?t T)tU@?tc | @? @??@* ?L Lu eff ?|L |i ?Lh 4i_

U@* tTiU@*t| ThL}h@4 Ai tiUL?_ |)Ti UL?Uih?t 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|t ThLTih Eth}iL?tc })?iUL*L}t|tc Tt)U@|ht|t i|U( |ihi @hi @ML| f _gihi?| tTi

U@*3@|L?tc | @ |L|@* @??@* ?L Lu @ML| Dff Ai |h_ |)Ti UL?Uih?t RtLUL4i_U@* _LU|Lhtc U 4@?*) Lh! uLh ?th@?Ui UL4T@?itc |

@? @??@* ?L Lu @ML| 2ff

 5i@hU uLh LMt ? |i 4i_U@* tiU|Lh

w!i ? ?i4T*L)4i?| _h@|L? 4L_i*tc |i ?__@* |h@?t|L? h@|it @hi

|i uLU@* TL?|t ? Lh 4L_i* UULh_?} |L LM ti@hU |iLh)c |i |h@?t|L?

h@|i uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| |L i4T*L)4i?| t |i ThL_U| Lu |i h@|i @| U

|i ?__@* hiUiit LM Lgiht @?_ |i ThLM@M*|) |@| tU @? Lgih t

@UUiT|@M*i |L |i ?__@* Etii i} Lh|i?ti?c bHS Ai h@|i @| U

LM Lgiht @hhi _iTi?_t L? |i ?|i?t|) M) U ?__@*t @?_ i4T*L)iht ti@hUc L? |i 4@|U?} |iU?L*L})c @?_ L? |i ThLM@M*|) |@| @? i4T*L)

ih Lgiht @ LM |L |i ?__@* }i? |@| @ UL?|@U| t 4@_i Ai *@||ih ThLM@M*|) _iTi?_t L? |i U@h@U|iht|Ut Lu |i ?__@* ? UL4T@htL?

|L |i LM hi^hi4i?|t W?__@*t ti @ hitih@|L? @}i t|h@|i})G u |i

@}i Lgih t i^@* |L Lh *@h}ih |@? @ tTiU€U hitih@|L? @}i |i Lgih t

@UUiT|i_c ihi@t u |i @}i Lgih t *Lih |@? |i hitih@|L? @}i |i Lgih t hiiU|i_ @?_ |i ?__@* !iiTt L? ti@hU?} Ai ThLM@M*|) |@|

@ LM Lgih t @UUiT|@M*i i^@*t |i ThLM@M*|) |@| |i @}i Lgih i Uii_t

|i hitih@|L? @}i Lhi }i?ih@**)c u @ LM t U@h@U|ih3i_ ?L| t| M) |t

?|@* @}ic |i? |i ?__@* UL4T@hit |i Thiti?| |*|) @*i Lu |i LM

|L |i Thiti?| @*i Lu ti@hU?} uh|ih

L *i| t i @4?i |i ti@hU i?hL?4i?| Lu |i M@tU _LU|Lht ti@hU?}

uLh ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt @?_ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt Ai ULhhitTL?_

?} *@MLh 4@h!i| t @U|@**) ^|i |h@?tT@hi?| 6ht|c |ihi t @ t4@** L

Lu @U@?Uit |@| @hi Mi?} Uhi@|i_c @?_ |ih i t|i?Ui t ThLM@M*) UL44L?

!?L*i_}i TL? Uhi@|L? 5iUL?_c |ihi t ?L ?L?_i}i?ih@|i @}i Lgih _t

|hM|L?c t?Ui |i t|@h|?} @}i @?_ |i tMti^i?| @}it ? ML| |)Tit Lu TLt|L?t @hi _i|ih4?i_ M) ?@|L?_i h*it W| t |ihiuLhi *!i*) |@| iih)

LM Lgih t @UUiT|@M*i uLh iih) ti@hU?} ?__@* At t Lu ULhti UL?

_|L?@* L? |i ULUi Lu |i |)Ti Lu 4i_U@* tTiU@*3@|L? *|L} @}i T@|t |? @ T@h|U*@h |)Ti Lu 4i_U@* tTiU@*3@|L? 4@) ?L| Mi ih) _u

.

uihi?|c |ihi @hi *@h}i _gihi?Uit ? |i *L?}h? @}i T@|t @UhLtt _gihi?|

|)Tit Lu 4i_U@* tTiU@*3@|L?

W? Lh @?@*)ttc i @hi T@h|U*@h*) ?|ihit|i_ ? |hii |h@?t|L? h@|itG uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|c uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| |L 4i_

U@* @ttt|@?|c @?_ uhL4 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| 6hL4

|i @MLi i ?uih |@| |iti |h@?t|L? h@|it @hi 4Lt|*) _i|ih4?i_ M) |i ti@hU Mi@Lh @?_ ti*iU|L? t|h@|i}) Lu |i i4T*L)ih At 4i@?t |@| u

|ihi @hi _gihi?Uit ? |i @3@h_ h@|i @UhLtt M@tU _LU|Lhtc |i? |iti hiiU|

i4T*L)iht< Mi@Lh @?_ @}}hi}@|i *@MLh 4@h!i| UL?_|L?t E*!i |i ?4Mih Lu @}i?|t @U|i L? ML| t_it Lu |i 4@h!i|

e Ai _@|@

Ai _@|@ ihi UL**iU|i_ M) |i ?L? Lu #|U M@tU _LU|Lht Etii L44tti

`ih!}i*i}i?i_ wc bb2c uLh _i|@*t ? @hU bbf 6hL4 |hii ULLh|t Lu M@tU _LU|Lht EbHec bHSc @?_ bHHc h@?_L4 t@4T*it Lu Dff i@U ihi _h@? uhL4 |i hi}t|ih Lu 4i_U@* Th@U||L?iht Lu |i @|L?@* Oi@*| W?

tTiU|L?c Aiti ihi tMti^i?|*) thi)i_ M) 4@* Ai hitTL?ti h@|i t

@ML| .DI Ai ?i| t@4T*i Lu fHH LMtih@|L?t t hiThiti?|@|i | hi

tTiU| |L }i?_ih E.DI 4i?c 2DI L4i? @?_ ?_ih}h@_@|i ?iht|) E|ihi

@hi i}| ?iht|it | @ 4i_U@* tULL*G |i |L 4t|ih_@4 ?iht|itc BhL??}i?c wi_i?c @@t|hU|c 4i}i?c +L||ih_@4c @?_ N|hiU| Ai _@|@ hiULh_ TihtL?@* @?_ LtiL*_ U@h@U|iht|Utc |i hitTL?_i?|<t i_U@

|L? @?_ *@MLh 4@h!i| t|Lh) E?U*_?} |h@?t|L? _@|itc @?_ tMiU|i hitTL?tit @ML| Thiuihi?Uit

A@M*i  ThL_it tL4i t44@h) t|@|t|Ut Lu |i _h@|L? _@|@ w!i ?

|i ThiLt tiU|L?c i _t|?}t Mi|ii? |hii *@MLh 4@h!i| t|@|itG ?

i4T*L)4i?|c 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| @?_ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| Ai €ht| |L t|@|it @hi |h@?t|Lh)c ihi@t |i |h_ t @? @MtLhM?} t|@|i At )i*_t uLh _gihi?| TLttM*i |h@?t|L?tG uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| |L 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|c uhL4

?i4T*L)4i?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|c uhL4 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|c @?_ uhL4 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| |L ?i4T*L)4i?| Ai t|@|i Lu ?i4T*L)4i?| t _i€?i_ @t @ hit_@* t|@|i |@| ULiht iih) t|@|L?

M| 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt @?_ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt Lt| 4TLh

|@?|*)c | ?U*_it LMt L|t_i |i 4i_U@* tiU|Lh t i t@** tii Mi*Lc | t UL4T|@|L?@**) ?ui@tM*i |L _t|?}t Mi|ii? _gihi?| tMt|@|it Lu |t hit_@* t|@|i ? |i 4L_i* *tLc hiU@** |@| Lh Th4@h) ?|ihit| t ? |i

H

|h@?t|L?t ?|L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt aLMt L|t_i |i 4i_U@* tiU|Lh

@hi 4Lt| *!i*) Lu 4?Lh hi*i@?Ui uLh |i ti*iU|L? t|h@|i}) Lu |i i4T*L)iht Lu ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt

? @ih@}ic |i _@|@ UL?|@? 4Lhi |@? |L tTi**t Tih ?__@* Ai @

ih@}i _h@|L? uLh UL4T*i|i_ tTi**t uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| ?|L ?Lh 4i_U@*

tTiU@*t| LMt t tLh|ih |@? |i @ih@}i _h@|L? Lu tTi**t uhL4 4i_U@* @t

tt|@?| LMt |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt OLiihc ?L|i |@| |i uh@U|L?

Lu 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM tTi**t *i@_?} |L @ |h@?t|L? ?|L @ ?Lh 4i_

U@* tTiU@*t| LM t 4U }ih |@? |i uh@U|L? Lu ?i4T*L)4i?| tTi**t

*i@_?} |L tU @ |h@?t|L? W| 4@) Mi ?|ihit|?} |L ?L|i |@|c @4L?} |i hitTL?_i?|t ? @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMc L?*) @ML| 2fI U*@4i_ |@|

|i) LM|@?i_ |i TLt|L? MiU@ti Lu |i 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM |i) @_ @_

MiuLhi

6}hi 2 _iTU|t |i it|4@|i_ k@T*@?iih @3@h_ u?U|L?t uLh |i uLh |h@?t|L? h@|it E|i |4i ?| t @ 4L?|c @?_ |i u?U|L? @*it @hi M*L? T M) @ u@U|Lh ff( ?L|i |@| |iti M*L?T u?U|L? @*it @hi @T

ThL 4@|i*) i^@* |L 4L?|*) i | TihUi?|@}it Ai |h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4

?i4T*L)4i?| |L 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| E6}hi 2@ t@hT*) _iU*?it Lih |i _

h@|L? Lu ?i4T*L)4i?| @?) ?__@*t 4Li |L @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM tLh|*) @u|ih |i) MiUL4i M@tU _LU|Lh Ai t4@** Ti@! @| SH 4L?|t U@?

Mi i T*@?i_ M) |i u@U| |@| 4*|@h) tihUi t UL?|i_ @t ?i4T*L)4i?|

5L4i ?__@*t 4@) @i u*€**i_ |ih 4*|@h) tihUi h}| @u|ih |i 4L

4i?| |i) MiUL4i M@tU _LU|Lhc ? U U@ti |i) @hi L?*) @M*i |L @UUiT|

@ttt|@?| TLt|L?t @u|ih @ML| S 4L?|t²

6}hi 2M _tT*@)t |i |h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| |L ?Lh 4i_

U@* tTiU@*t| LMt At h@|i t 4Lhi Lh *itt UL?t|@?|c | |i i UiT|L? Lu

@ t@hT Ti@! @| 22 4L?|t Ai hi4@??} Ti@!t @hi _i |L |i u@U| |@|

|i ?4Mih Lu ?__@*t ? |i ht! ti| t ih) t4@** *|L} |i Ti@! @|

22 4L?|t LUUht tL4i@| *@|ih |@? |i Ti@! ? 6}hi 2@c | 4@) @*tL Mi _i |L 4*|@h) tihUi

Ai |h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*

5Lw fdq eh dujxhg wkdw lw lv qrw fruuhfw wr frxqw plolwdu| vhuylfh dv xqhpsor|phqw=

lq jhqhudo lw lv qrw srvvleoh wr ohdyh plolwdu| vhuylfh iru d mre ehiruh wkh vhuylfh wlph lv frpsohwhg/ vr wkh fruuhvsrqglqj lqglylgxdov kdyh dq xqhpsor|phqw h{lw udwh ri }hur1 Wr lqyhvwljdwh wr zkdw h{whqw wkh uhvxowv duh vhqvlwlyh wr wklv/ zh uh0hvwlpdwhg wkh prgho xqghu wkh dowhuqdwlyh dvvxpswlrq wkdw plolwdu| vhuylfh grhv qrw dgg wr wkh xqhpsor|phqw gxudwlrq1 Lw wxuqv rxw wkdw wkhuh lv qr vxevwdqwldo hhfw rq wkh frqfoxvlrqv1 Lw vkrxog eh qrwhg wkdw plolwdu| vhuylfh zdv rqo| frpsxovru| iru d vxevhw ri pdoh edvlf grfwruv1

b

t| LMt t t*}|*) ?Uhi@t?} ? |i i*@Tti_ _h@|L? Lu |i LMc | Ti@!t

@hL?_ 2 @?_ 2e 4L?|t Etii 6}hi 2U Aiti Ti@!t 4@) hiiU| |i u@U|

|@| 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt Lu|i? @i UL?|h@U|t | @ € i_ _h@|L? At t

@? ?|ihit|?} ui@|hi Lu |i 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt ,i? u @ LM @t 4i_U@*

@ttt|@?| t Mi?i€U@* uLh L?i<t U@?Uit Lu }i||?} @? Lgih Lu @ LM @t ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|c |i LMtihi_ |h@?t|L? h@|i ?|L |i *@||ih LMt 4@) Mi

*L uLh tL4i 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|t L t| t|@h|i_ ? |ih LMc MiU@ti Lu |t R*LU!?} ? ThLTih|) ) UL4T@h?} 6}hit 2M @?_ 2U i LMtihi |@| |i

|h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| t }ih

|@? |i h@|i uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|c uLh 4Lt| _

h@|L?t At t}}it|t |@| Mi?} @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| _Lit i*T |L MiUL4i

?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| OLiihc |t UL4T@htL? _Lit ?L| |@!i @UUL?| Lu

|i ti*iU||) _tUtti_ ? 5iU|L? 

Ai |h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt M@U! ?|L ?i4T*L)4i?|

E6}hi 2_ @t Ti@!t @| |i t@4i TL?|t @t |i |h@?t|L? h@|i ? 6}hi 2Uc

| @__|L?@* Ti@!t @|  @?_ S 4L?|t At ThLM@M*) @*tL hiiU|t |i € i_

_h@|L? Lu |i UL?|h@U|t u tL4i 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt ih @**c i UiT| uLh

|i Ti@!tc |i |h@?t|L? h@|i ? 6}hi 2_ tii4t UL?t|@?| `i ?L |h? |L

@ uLh4@* t|@|t|U@* @?@*)tt Lu |i _@|@

D Ai 4L_i* tTiU€U@|L?

D Ai |h@?t|L? h@|it

wi| |i ?_Uit c 2c @?_  _i?L|i |i t|@|it Lu R?i4T*L)4i?|c R4i_U@*

@ttt|@?|c @?_ R?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| Ai |h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4 t|@|i 

|L t|@|i  t _i?L|i_ M) w L?t_ih @ tTi** ? t|@|i  Ai thLh u?U|L?

uLh th@* ? t|@|i  U@? Mi i Thitti_ @t 7E| ' i T

3

C ^'[

'c'

] _|

f wEr_r

4

Dc  ' c 2

`i _i€?i |i Ui?tLh?} ?_U@|Lh __ |L i^@*  u @ |h@?t|L? ?|L t|@|i 

t 4@_ic | _ ' f L|ihti 5TTLti i LMtihi 6 tTi**t ? t|@|i c uLh tL4i ?__@* `i i |i?_ |i _i€?|L? Lu _ M) ?|hL_U?} @ |h_

?_i & _i?L|?} |i tTi** @| @?_ Ai *L} *!i*LL_ UL?|hM|L? uLh |t

?__@* U@? |i? Mi i Thitti_ @t

f

[2

'

6

[

&'

*L} 7E|& n ^'[

'c'

_&*L} wE|&

L|i |@| u __& ' f uLh @** Tih4ttM*i UL4M?@|L?t Lu  @?_  |i? |i ULhhitTL?_?} _h@|L? t h}|Ui?tLhi_ Ai L?*) ?!?L?t ? |t 4L_i*

@hi |i w u?U|L?t L|i |@| |i *!i*LL_ t tiT@h@M*i ? |i wc tL |@|

|i) U@? Mi it|4@|i_ tiT@h@|i*) Etii i} w@?U@t|ihc bbf i*L i i |i?_

|t 4L_i* uh@4iLh! M) ?|hL_U?} LMtihi_ @?_ ?LMtihi_ i T*@?@|Lh)

@h@M*it

6ht|c i @**L |i ?__@* |h@?t|L? h@|it |L _iTi?_ L? LMtihi_

i T*@?@|Lh) @h@M*itc @t uL**Ltc

wE|m% ' bE| i TEq_ %

ihi b_ t @ M@ti*?i @3@h_c q_ t @ iU|Lh Lu t|@|i @?_ i | tTiU€U T@

h@4i|ihtc @?_ % UL?|@?t tL4i ETLttM*) t|@|i @?_ i | tTiU€U hi}hittLht

L|i |@| |t _i€?it @ ThLTLh|L?@* @3@h_ 4L_i* uh@4iLh! uLh i@U wc

@?_ |i *!i*LL_ u?U|L? t t|** tiT@h@M*i

`i ?U*_i |i uL**L?} i T*@?@|Lh) @h@M*it ? %c uLh i@U |h@?t|L?

h@|i 6ht|c i @i |L _44) @h@M*it hiThiti?|?} ULLh|t |@| MiU@4i M@tU _LU|Lh ? bHS ERBh@_@|i_HS @?_ bHH ERBh@_@|i_HHc tL |@| |i

|h_ ULLh| Lu bHe t |i hiuihi?Ui }hLT 5iUL?_c i ?U*_i @}i @?_ }i?_ih

Ai @h@M*i R}i 4i@thit |i @}i @| |i t|@h| Lu |i tTi**c tL | t UL?t|@?|

|? tTi**t M| ?L| @UhLtt tTi**t uLh @ }i? ?__@* Ah_c i ?U*_i

|i _h@|L? Lu |i ?_ih}h@_@|i t|_) 6?@**)c ? @ Thi*4?@h) @?@*)tt

i ?it|}@|i_ i|ih |i ?iht|) @| U |i ?_ih}h@_@|i t|_)

@t U@hhi_ L| t @? 4TLh|@?| i T*@?@|Lh) @h@M*i ? |i 4L_i* `| |i i UiT|L? Lu N|hiU|c |t @t ?iih |i U@ti AihiuLhic i ti L?i @__|L?@*

_44) @h@M*i uLh N|hiU| A@M*i 2 ThL_it tL4i t@4T*i t|@|t|Ut uLh |i i T*@?@|Lh) @h@M*it

Ai ?U*tL? Lu ?LMtihi_ i|ihL}i?i|) @**Lt uLh 4i@thi4i?| ihhLht

? |i _iTi?_i?| @h@M*i @t i** @t L4||i_ ?LMtihi_ UL@h@|it( tii w@?

U@t|ih Ebbf Oihi i ThLTLti @ 4 i_ ThLTLh|L?@* @3@h_ 4L_i* uLh i@U

|h@?t|L? h@|ic M) ?|hL_U?} 4*|T*U@|i h@?_L4 igiU|t _ |@| @hi t|@|i

@?_ i | tTiU€Uc

wE|m%c  ' bE| i TEq%



6Lh @ }i? ?__@*c |i @*it Lu  @hi @tt4i_ |L Mi _i?|U@* @UhLtt _gihi?| tTi**t ? t|@|i Ai thLh u?U|L? uLh th@* ? t|@|i c }i?

% @?_ }i?   E2c c 2c 2c U@? Mi i Thitti_ @t 7E|m%c  ' i T

3

C ^'[

'c'

] _|

f wErm%c _r

4

Dc  ' c 2

AL _i@* | ti*iU|i ?L ?|L |i t|@|it R4i_U@* @ttt|@?| @?_ R

?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|c i @**L |i _ @h@M*it |L Mi hi*@|i_ uLh @ }i?

?__@* 6Lh i @4T*ic |i LMtihi_ |h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4 R4i_U@* @ttt|@?

| |L R?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| 4@) Mi }ih |@? |i LMtihi_ h@|i uhL4 R?i4T*L)4i?| |L R?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| t| MiU@ti ?__@*t uLh

U | t i@t) |L MiUL4i ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| |i?_ |L ti*uti*iU| ?|L 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt EuLh i @4T*ic _2 t TLt|i*) hi*@|i_ |L _ U ?

|h? i^@*t 2

5?Ui  t ?LMtihi_c | 4t| Mi ?|i}h@|i_ L| Lu |i UL?_|L?@* *!i*

LL_ Ai 4@h}?@* ?__@* *!i*LL_ UL?|hM|L? E}i? % i^@*t

*L}^]



\2

'

6

\

&'7E|& ^'\

'c'dwE|&o^_& _8E

ihi 8 t |i U4*@|i _t|hM|L? u?U|L? Lu  ? |i ?L ?|L |i TLT*@|L? Lu M@tU _LU|Lht W? }i?ih@*c |i *!i*LL_ u?U|L? t ?L| tiT@h@

M*i @?)4Lhi ? |i T@h@4i|iht Lu |i _gihi?| |h@?t|L? h@|it

D2 6?U|L?@* uLh4t

6Lh |i _h@|L? _iTi?_i?Ui u?U|L?t b_E| @?_ |i 4*|@h@|i ?LMtihi_

i|ihL}i?i|) _t|hM|L? 8 E i |@!i |i 4Lt| i M*i tTiU€U@|L?t ti_

? |i *|ih@|hi |L _@|i `i |@!i bE| |L @i TiUiti UL?t|@?| tTiU

€U@|L?t wi| |i TLt|i |4i @ t Mi tM__i_ ?|L @ €?|i ?4Mih Lu

?|ih@*t ?4Mihi_ c 2c    uhL4 |i Lh}? L?@h_t Ai TiUiti UL?t|@?|

tTiU€U@|L? U@? |i? Mi h||i? @t bE| ' ^[

'c2cbUE|

ihi | _i?L|it |i i*@Tti_ _h@|L?c |i tMtUhT|  hiuiht |L UL?tiU|i _h@|L? ?|ih@*tc |i u?U|L?t UE| @hi |4i@h)?} _44) @h@M*it |@|

2

@hi i^@* |L  g | t ? ?|ih@* c @?_ b @hi |i T@h@4i|iht |L Mi it|

4@|i_ L|i |@| | @? ?Uhi@t?} ?4Mih Lu |4i ?|ih@*t @?) _h@|L?

_iTi?_i?Ui T@||ih? U@? Mi @TThL 4@|i_ @hM|h@h*) U*Lti*) ) ?L | t

i** !?L? |@| _h@|L? _iTi?_i?Ui tTiU€U@|L?t | L?*) L?i T@h@4i|ih E*!i @ `iM** tTiU€U@|L? @hi Lih*) hit|hU|i Etii i} w@?U@t|ihc bbf

W? |i i4ThU@* @?@*)tt i @_LT| |i uL**L?} ?|ih@*t G fc 2c 2ec e2c @?_ 2nc ihi |i 4L?| t |i |4i ?|

`i |@!i |i _t|hM|L? Lu |i ?LMtihi_ i|ihL}i?i|) |ih4t  |L Mi _tUhi|i | @ €?|i ?4Mih Lu 4@tt TL?|tc @?_ i |@!i ML| |i *LU@|L?t Lu

|i 4@tt TL?|t @?_ |i @ttLU@|i_ ThLM@M*|it |L Mi ?!?L? T@h@4i|iht

wi| R_? | ? ' c 2c    c  _i?L|i ThLM@M*|it |@| @__ |L c @?_ *i| _?

_i?L|i @ hi@*3@|L? Lu |i h@?_L4 @h@M*i _ `i @tt4i |@|

hE ' ? ' R? uLh @**  5 i2c c 2c 2j

@?_  ' ? / ^W^W ' ^W^W? uLh @** c ^W^W 5 i2c c 2c 2j At u@4*) Lu _t|hM|L?t t @ tTiU@* U@ti Lu |i }i?ih@* 4*|@h@|i _t

Uhi|i _t|hM|L? uLh E_2c _c _2c ₂ Ai *@||ih @t  TLttM*i hi@*3@|L?t Lu i@U c *i iih) UL4M?@|L? Lu hi@*3@|L?t Lu  @?_ ^W^W t @**Li_c tL |@| |i iU|Lh  @t ^eTLttM*i hi@*3@|L?t At @4L?|t |L ^ene 

?!?L? T@h@4i|ihtc U t ?ui@tM*i ii? uLh  ' 2 W? UL?|h@t|c Lh tTiU€U@|L? @t L?*) D   ?!?L? T@h@4i|iht W| hit|hU|t |i }i?ih@*

4*|@h@|i _t|hM|L? M) 4TLt?} @ _i|ih4?t|U hi*@|L? Mi|ii? |i i*i4i?|t Lu E_2c _c _2c ₂ L|i |@| |i *@||ih hi*@|L? t ?L| 4TLti_ |L Mi 4L?L|L?i W? |i i4ThU@* @?@*)ttc i hiTLh| t|@?_@h_ ihhLht uLh |i it|4@|it UL?_|L?@* L? |i @*i Lu 

6Lh }i? c |i |L|@* ?4Mih Lu ?!?L? T@h@4i|iht i^@*t |i t4 LuG E@ |i ?4Mih Lu i*i4i?|t Lu q_ Et  |4it |i ?4Mih Lu UL4M?@|L?t EuLhc EK |i ?4Mih Lu T@h@4i|iht b_ E€i |4it |i ?4Mih Lu 

UL4M?@|L?t EuLhc @?_ ES D   T@h@4i|iht Lu |i tTiU€U@|L? Lu 8 Ec 4?t uLh ?Lh4@*3@|L?t At t4 i^@*t D n b *i@h*)c u i L*_ _

_i |i t|@|i Lu ?i4T*L)4i?| ?|L @ ?4Mih Lu tMt|@|it |i? |i ?4Mih Lu T@h@4i|iht L*_ MiUL4i |LL *@h}i uLh it|4@|L?

W? |i @MLi 4L_i*c |i igiU| Lu @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM L? |i ?__@*

|h@?t|L? h@|i ?|L @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LM uL**Lt uhL4 @ UL4T@htL?

Lu w₂E|m%c ₂ @?_ w_E|m%c _ Wu |i M@ti*?i @3@h_t b_E| @hi UL?t|@?|

|i? |iti |h@?t|L? h@|it @hi UL?t|@?| Lih |4ic @?_ |ih h@|L _i€?it |i



U@?}i ? |i h@|i ?|L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt |@| t _i |L @?} @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMc uLh @? ?__@* | @ }i? % @?_  L?UL?t|@?|

M@ti*?i @3@h_t |@!i @UUL?| Lu |i @) ? U |t igiU| U@?}it Lih |i _h@|L?t Lu |i 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM @?_ ?i4T*L)4i?|c hitTiU|i*) Ai u@U| |@| i @**L uLh q_9' q₂ @?_ |@| i @**L uLh _*₂ |L Mi _gihi?|

@UhLtt ?__@*t 4i@?t |@| i @**L |i ?__@* igiU| Lu @ 4i_U@*

@ttt|@?| LM |L _gih Mi|ii? ?__@*t Ai @ih@}i igiU| t LM|@?i_ M)

@ih@}?} |i ?__@* igiU| Lih %c  t ?L|i_ @MLic |i i |i?| |L U

2 t hi*@|i_ |L  @?_ 2 _i|ih4?it |i i |i?| |L U ti*iU||) @giU|t

|i hi*@|L? ? |i h@ _@|@ Mi|ii? @?} @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM Lh ?L|

@?_ |i h@|i Lu i?|ih?} @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LM

Ai 4L_i* Lu |t tiU|L? 4T*it |@| EThLTih|it Lu |i _t|hM|L?

Lu |i LMtihi_ _h@|L?t @hi ^|i UL4T*U@|i_ ?L?*?i@h u?U|L?t Lu |i T@h@4i|iht 5L4i U@|L? L? _i?|€U@|L? |ihiuLhi tii4t @TThLTh@|i ) OiU!4@? @?_ OL?Lh‚i EbHbc |i T@h@4i|iht Lu @ i M*i UL4Ti|?} ht!t 4L_i* | 4 i_ ThLTLh|L?@* @3@h_t @hi ?L?T@h@4i|hU@**) _i?|€i_ ?

_ih i@! UL?_|L?t h 4L_i* 4T*it UL4Ti|?} ht!t tTiU€U@|L?t uLh

|i i |t L| Lu ?i4T*L)4i?| @t i** @t uLh |i i |t L| Lu 4i_U@* @t

tt|@?| LMt Ai _t|hM|L? Lu  ? |i ?L ?|L 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt

t _i|ih4?i_ M) |i _t|hM|L? Lu  ? |i L|L L| Lu ?i4T*L)4i?|

L|i |@| ? ML| U@tit i LMtihi 4Lhi |@? ? @ UL4Ti|?} ht!t 4L_i*c @t

|i LMtih@|L? ?_L L?*) i?_t TL? @ |h@?t|L? ?|L |i t|@|i Lu ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt ELh MiU@ti Lu h}|Ui?tLh?} LhiLihc i 4@) LMtihi 4*|T*i tTi**t ? |i t|@|it Lu ?i4T*L)4i?| @?_ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|

LMt  uLh4@* ThLLu Lu ?L?T@h@4i|hU 4L_i* _i?|€U@|L? @*L?} |i *?it Lu OiU!4@? @?_ OL?Lh‚i EbHb t Mi)L?_ |i tULTi Lu |t T@Tih

AL ?it|}@|i |i ti?t||) Lu |i hit*|t | hitTiU| |L T@h@4i|hU @t

t4T|L?tc i it|4@|i_ @ ?4Mih Lu @*|ih?@|i ihtL?t Lu |i 4L_i* 6ht|c

i it|4@|i_ |i 4L_i* ihtL? | |i hit|hU|L?t q2 ' q @?_ 2 '  Aiti @hi hit|hU|L?t @UhLtt |i i | h@|it ?|L @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|

TLt|L? Bi? |iti hit|hU|L?tc |i ?__@* igiU| Lu @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|

LM t U@T|hi_ M) |i _gihi?Ui Mi|ii? |i *ii*t Lu |i M@ti*?i @3@h_t b

@?_ b2c tL |t ?__@* igiU| t ?L |i t@4i uLh iih) ?__@* Ai hi

t|hU|L?t 4@!i |i 4L_i* 4Lhi t4*@h |L |i 4L_i* uh@4iLh! Lu OiU!4@?

@?_ OL?Lh‚i EbHbc MiU@ti |i ?LMtihi_ i|ihL}i?i|) |ih4 |@| @giU|t

|i |h@?t|L? h@|i ?|L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt t ?L |i t@4i @UhLtt

|i t|@|it Lu Lh}? Ai it|4@|it Lu |t 4L_i* ihtL? @hi t}?€U@?|*) _u

e

uihi?| uhL4 |Lti uLh |i 4L_i* |L| |iti hit|hU|L?t OLiih |i) *i@_

^@*|@|i*) @?_ @*tL ^@?||@|i*) |L |i t@4i UL?U*tL?t L? |i igiU| Lu Mi?} ? @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| TLt|L?

?i UL*_ @h}i |@| |i w |h@?t|L? h@|it tL*_ Mi @**Li_ |L _iTi?_

L? |i i*@Tti_ |4i t?Ui |i 4L4i?| |i ?__@* MiU@4i M@tU _LU|Lhc Lh L? i|ih |i ?__@* @t iih Mii? 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|c Lh L? L|ih *@}}i_

i?_L}i?Lt @h@M*it OLiihc |t _i4@?_t ii? 4Lhi Lu |i _@|@ ? |ih4t Lu E?L?T@h@4i|hU _i?|€U@|L? `i i Tih4i?|i_ | |i it|4@|L? Lu tU }i?ih@* tTiU€U@|L?tc M| | |h?i_ L| |L Mi 4TLttM*i |L LM|@? UL?

ih}i?Ui Lu |i it|4@|L? ThLUi_hi |L hi@tL?@M*i T@h@4i|ih @*it `i @*tL i Tih4i?|i_ | @*|ih?@|i tTiU€U@|L?t |@| _L ?L| ?it| |i 4L_i* Lu

|t tiU|L? Ei} M) @**L?} |i |h@?t|L? h@|i ?|L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|

LMt |L _iTi?_ L? i|ih |i ?__@* @t iih Mii? 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|c M| ?L| L? @?) L|ih ui@|hi Lu |i Uhhi?| Lh T@t| *@MLh 4@h!i| t|@|i W|

|h?t L| |@| |i it|4@|i Lu |i igiU| Lu @?} @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM L?

|i h@|i ?|L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt t hLMt| | hitTiU| |L |t

S ,t|4@|L? hit*|t

Ai T@h@4i|ih it|4@|it @hi Thiti?|i_ ? A@M*it @U A@M*i @ tLt |i T@h@4i|ih it|4@|it Lu |i UL@h@|i igiU|tc A@M*i M tLt |i it|4@|it Lu

|i M@ti*?i @3@h_tc @?_ A@M*i U tLt |i it|4@|it Lu |i T@h@4i|iht Lu

|i _t|hM|L? Lu ?LMtihi_ i|ihL}i?i|)

W? A@M*i @ i tL it|4@|it uLh |i 4@? 4L_i* @t i** @t uLh @ t4T*ih 4L_i* |@| _Lit ?L| @UUL?| uLh ?LMtihi_ i|ihL}i?i|) 6hL4 |i |@M*i

i ?uih |@| |i 4L_i* @**L?} uLh ULhhi*@|i_ ?LMtihi_ i|ihL}i?i|) ?

|i i | h@|it )i*_t @ UL?t_ih@M*) }ih *!i*LL_ |@? |i 4L_i* |L|

i|ihL}i?i|) Oi?Ui ?uihi?Ui L? |i igiU|t Lu |i UL@h@|it @?_ @?} @?

@ttt|@?| TLt|L? tL*_ Mi M@ti_ L? |i 4L_i* @**L?} uLh i|ihL}i?i|)

L|i |@| tL4i Lu |i it|4@|i_ UL@h@|i igiU|t _gih tMt|@?|@**) Mi|ii?

|i |L 4L_i* tTiU€U@|L?t

6Zh dovr hvwlpdwhg d prgho zlwk xqfruuhodwhg xqrevhuyhg khwhurjhqhlw| lq doo irxu wudqvlwlrq udwhv1 Iru wkh h{lw udwhv rxw ri xqhpsor|phqw/ wklv prgho |lhogv txlwh vlpl0 odu hvwlpdwhv dv wkh prgho doorzlqj iru fruuhodwhg xqrevhuyhg khwhurjhqhlw|/ zkhuhdv iru wkh h{lw udwhv rxw ri phglfdo dvvlvwdqw mrev wkhuh lv qr hylghqfh ri khwhurjhqhlw| lq wklv prgho1 Dw uvw vljkw wklv pd| eh lqwhusuhwhg dv hylghqfh wkdw doorzlqj iru xqrevhuyhg khwhurjhqhlw| shu vh lv pruh lpsruwdqw wkdq doorzlqj iru ghshqghqfh ri wkh xqrevhuyhg

D

`i €ht| i @4?i |i |h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| ?|L 4i_U@*

@ttt|@?| LMt t i t@** tii Mi*Lc tU @ TLt|L? ?Uhi@tit |i U@?Uit Lu LM|@??} @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LM L?i Lu |i ULLh| igiU|t E|i RBh@_@|i T@h@4i|iht t t}?€U@?| R}i t ih) t}?€U@?| @?_ ?i}@|ic tL |t |)Ti Lu |h@?t|L? t 4Lhi *!i*) |L Mi 4@_i M) )L?}ih M@tU _LU|Lht

6?@**)c i ?L|i |@| |ihi t @ t}?€U@?| }i?_ih M| ?L t}?€U@?| ?iht|) ERN|hiU| igiU| L?_|L?@* L? L|ih U@h@U|iht|Utc ui4@*it @hi 4Lhi

*!i*) |L 4@!i @ |h@?t|L? ?|L @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM

i | i *LL! @| |i |h@?t|L? uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTi

U@*t| LMt Oihi i ?L|i |@| RBh@_@|iHS @?_ RBh@_@|iHH @hi t}?€U@?|

@?_ ?i}@|i At ?_U@|it |@| ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt @hi @h_ih |L LM|@? uLh ?i4T*L)i_ ? |i *@||ih ULLh|t |@? uLh ?i4T*L)i_ ? |i €ht|

ULLh| At t ThLM@M*) MiU@ti Lu |i hi_U|L? ? |i ?4Mih Lu ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt ? |i tiUL?_ @*u Lu |i bHftc M| | UL*_ @*tL Mi U@ti_ M) UhL_?} L| Lu ?i4T*L)i_ M@tU _LU|Lht M) 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|t

Lhi @?_ 4Lhi M@tU _LU|Lht @hi ti@hU?} uLh ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| TLt

|L?t uhL4 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMtc *i@?} *itt U@?Uit uLh ?i4T*L)i_ M@tU _LU|Lhtc u i4T*L)iht Thiuih |i uLh4ih Lih |i *@||ih ** L|ih ULiUi?|t

@hi ?t}?€U@?| ? |t |h@?t|L?

Ai |h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|

LMt t @*tL *Lih uLh *@|ih ULLh|t E|i ULiUi?|t Lu ML| RBh@_@|iHS @?_

RBh@_@|iHH @hi ?i}@|i @?_ t}?€U@?| At ULLh| _gihi?Ui tc Li

ihc Lu t4@**ih t3i |@? |i ULhhitTL?_?} _gihi?Ui @4L?} |i ?i4T*L)i_

M@tU _LU|Lhtc tL 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|t tgih *itt uhL4 |i ?Uhi@ti_ tLh|@}i Lu

?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt |@? L|ihti UL4T@h@M*i ?i4T*L)i_ M@tU _LU|Lht u |i L|ih ULiUi?|t L?*) |Lti Lu @}i @?_ }i?_ih @hi t}?€

U@?| L?_|L?@* L? |i L|ih U@h@U|iht|Ut L*_ih 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|t @i

@ t4@**ih |h@?t|L? h@|i |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|c *i uLh ui4@*it |t

|h@?t|L? h@|i t *@h}ih

6Lh |i |h@?t|L? uhL4 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| |L ?i4T*L)4i?|c @T@h| uhL4

@ t4@** ULLh| igiU|c L?*) |i @h@M*i R5|_)|4i t t}?€U@?| @| @ f I t}?€U@?Ui *ii* W| t ?i}@|ic ?_U@|?} |@| ?__@*t | @ }

?_ih}h@_@|i t|_) |4i @hi *itt *!i*) |L *i@i 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt uLh

?i4T*L)4i?|

khwhurjhqhlw| whupv1 Krzhyhu/ vxfk dq lqwhusuhwdwlrq lv lqydolg/ dv wkh prghov zlwk fruuh0 odwhg dqg xqfruuhodwhg khwhurjhqhlw| duh qrw qhvwhg dqg wkhlu olnholkrrg ydoxhv fdqqrw eh frpsduhg1

S

** ? @**c |i it|4@|L? hit*|t ? A@M*i @ ?_U@|i |@| ULLh|c @}i

@?_ }i?_ih @hi 4TLh|@?| _i|ih4?@?|t Lu |i ThLUitt M) U M@tU _LU

|Lht €?_ @ LM @t ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| W?__@*t ? *@|ih ULLh|t €?_

| 4Lhi _U*| |L MiUL4i ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|c t?Ui ML| |i _hiU|

|h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| @?_ |i ?_hiU| |h@?t|L? h@|i @ @ LM

@t @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| @hi t4@**ih |@? |i) @hi uLh i@h*ih ULLh|t

`i ThLUii_ |L @?@*)3i |i *ii* @?_ t*LTi Lu |i M@ti*?i @3@h_t @?_

|i t3i Lu |i 4i@? R|hi@|4i?| igiU| Lu @?} @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM L?

|i |h@?t|L? h@|i ?|L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt Ai it|4@|i_ M@ti*?i

@3@h_ ULiUi?|t @hi }i? ? A@M*i M E|i |@M*i *t|t |i it|4@|it Lu

*L} b_ 6}hi  _iTU|t |i |h@?t|L? h@|it Lu ?|ihit|c @t u?U|L?t Lu |i i*@Tti_ _h@|L?c uLh @ TihtL? | @ih@}i t@4T*i t|@|t|Ut @?_ @ih@}i it|4@|i_ ^e Ai €}hi tLt @ _h@4@|U _gihi?Ui Mi|ii? |i Lih@**

*ii*t Lu |L |h@?t|L? h@|itc ?_U@|?} |i _gihi?Ui ? |i TLttM*|it Lu €?_?} @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LM uhL4 @? @ttt|@?| TLt|L? t@

t uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| `i hi|h? |L |i 4@}?|_i Lu |t _gihi?Ui @u|ih

@?} _tUtti_ |i M@ti*?i @3@h_ it|4@|it Ai |h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4 @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM ?|L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt t ?|@**) h|@**) 3ihL At ThLM@M*) hiiU|t tL4i R*LU!?} ? igiU| uhL4 4?44 UL?|h@U|

_h@|L?t Lu 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt *tL ?L|i |@| |t |h@?t|L? h@|i _iU*?it

@u|ih 2 4L?|t Lu ti@hU Aihi t @ t4*@h t@hT _iU*?i ? |i |h@?t|L?

h@|i uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt iih|i*ittc |i u@U| |@| |i h@|i uhL4 @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|

LMt _4?tit Lih |i _h@|L? Lu |i 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM ?_U@|it |@|

@UU4*@|L? Lu 4@? U@T|@* t ?L| @ 4@Lh hi@tL? uLh i4T*L)iht |L Thiuih

?__@*t L @hi 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| 6Lh |i t@4i hi@tL?c Lh! i Tihi?Ui

@t 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| t ?L| i TiU|i_ |L @i @ 4@Lh igiU| L? |i t3i Lu

|i tLU@* ?i|Lh! |@| 4@) Mi ti_ |L LM|@? @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|

LM TT@hi?|*)c |i u@U| |@| |i ?__@* @t @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM @U|t Th4@h*) @t @ ETLt|i t}?@* uLh i4T*L)iht Ai u@U| |@| |i |h@?t|L?

h@|i _iUhi@tit 4@) Mi _i |L @ t|}4@ igiU| Lu @ } *i?}| Lu |4i t?Ui |i 4L4i?| |i ?__@* MiU@4i M@tU _LU|Lhc @t )TL|it3i_ ? tiU|L?  W?

@__|L?c |i ?__@* 4@) hi}@h_ @ LM @t @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| @t @?

?it|4i?|c @?_ |i tLh|ih |i T@)M@U! |4i Lu |t ?it|4i?|c |i *Lih

|i **?}?itt |L 4@!i | L|i |@| |t 4@) @*tL i T*@? |i it|4@|i_

7Li edfnjurxqg yduldeohv duh vhw wr rwkhu ydoxhv wkhq wkh ohyhov ri wkh wudqvlwlrq udwhv fkdqjh1

.

R}i igiU|t @MLi

A@M*i e _tT*@)t |i t3i Lu |i 4i@? igiU| Lu @?} @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|

LM uhL4 @?L|ih @?}*i W| }it |i t4*@|i_ uh@U|L? Lu ?__@*t L

@i LM|@?i_ @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMc uhL4 @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM

@?_ uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?|c hitTiU|i*)c @t u?U|L?t Lu |i i*@Tti_ _h@|L?t t?Ui ?L ?|L |i ULhhitTL?_?} t|@|i Aiti U@*U*@|L?t @hi M@ti_ L?

@ih@}i @*it Lu |i M@U!}hL?_ U@h@U|iht|Ut Ai hit*|t ? |t |@M*i UL?€h4 |@| ?|@**) |i |h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt t *L OLiihc @u|ih 2 4L?|t |i ThLTLh|L? Lu 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|t L @i i?|ihi_ @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LM t |Ui

@t *@h}i @t |i ThLTLh|L? Lu ?i4T*L)i_ L @i i?|ihi_ tU @ LM

A@M*i U }it |i it|4@|it uLh |i ?LMtihi_ i|ihL}i?i|) _t|hM|L?

E| *t|t |i it|4@|it Lu *L} ? @?_ R? At _t|hM|L? @t |hii TL?|t Lu tTTLh|c tL L?i UL*_ 4@}?i |hii }hLTt Lu L4L}i?iLt M@tU _LU|Lht

 t4@** }hLT Lu @ML| 2I @t ih) ?u@Lh@M*i ThLtTiU|t ? |i 4i_U@*

i_U@|L? t)t|i4 Ai) @i @ hi*@|i*) *L i | h@|i uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?|

ML| |L 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt @?_ |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt Lhi

Lihc L?Ui @? ?__@* ? |t }hLT @t @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMc i @t

@ hi*@|i*) *L |h@?t|L? h@|i |L @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| TLt|L? @?_ @ hi*@|i*) } |h@?t|L? h@|i M@U! |L ?i4T*L)4i?|  }hLT Lu @ML| HI

@t |i Mit| ThLtTiU|t uLh MiUL4?} ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| Ai) @i hi*

@|i*) } |h@?t|L? h@|it uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| |L 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt

@?_ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt LhiLihc |ih |h@?t|L? h@|i |L @ 

?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| TLt|L? t hi*@|i*) } @?_ |ih |h@?t|L? h@|i M@U! |L ?i4T*L)4i?| t hi*@|i*) *L Ai hi4@??} }hLT Lu HfI @t @?

?|ih4i_@|i TLt|L? ? |ih4t Lu |i 4@}?|_i Lu @** |i |h@?t|L? h@|it

. L?U*tL?t

Ai 4@? i4ThU@* hit*| Lu |t t|_) t |@| | t Mi?i€U@* uLh ?__@*t

|L @UUiT| @ LM @t @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| ? Lh_ih |L MiUL4i ?Lh 4i_U@* tTi

U@*t| O@?} @ LM @t 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| tMt|@?|@**) ?Uhi@tit |i |h@?t|L?

h@|i |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt Ai hit*|t @hi ULhhiU|i_ uLh TLttM*i ti*iU||) igiU|t M) |@!?} @UUL?| Lu ?LMtihi_ i|ihL}i?i|) ? |i ?_

_@* |h@?t|L? h@|it `|L| |t ULhhiU|L? i L*_ @i it|4@|i_ @ t4@**ih R|hi@|4i?| igiU|

6hL4 |i it|4@|i_ _h@|L? _iTi?_i?Ui T@||ih? Lu |i |h@?t|L? h@|i

H

uhL4 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LMt |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt i ?uih |@| |i uLh4ih |)Ti Lu LM _Lit ?L| ThL_i 4U 4@? U@T|@* |@| UL*_ tihi

@t ?T| uLh |i *@||ih |)Ti Lu LM Ai |hi@|4i?| igiU| U@? |ihiuLhi ?L|

Mi @||hM|i_ |L @UU4*@|L? Lu 4@? U@T|@* 54*@h*)c Mi?} @ 4i_U@*

@ttt|@?| _Lit ?L| @i @ 4@Lh igiU| L? |i t3i Lu |i tLU@* ?i|Lh! |@|

4@) Mi ti_ |L LM|@? @ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LM TT@hi?|*)c |i u@U|

|@| |i ?__@* @t @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| LM @U|t Th4@h*) @t @ TLt|i t}?@* uLh i4T*L)iht W| ?_U@|it |@| U@?__@|it @hi t|@M*i uLh @?_%Lh

?|ihit|i_ ? @ 4i_U@* U@hiih

Ai hit*|t ?_U@|i |@| |ihi @hi t|hL?} ULLh| igiU|t 6Lh ?__@*t ?

*@|ih ULLh|t | t 4Lhi _U*| |L €?_ @ LM @t ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| L|

|i _hiU| |h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4 ?i4T*L)4i?| @?_ |i ?_hiU| |h@?t|L? h@|i

@ @ LM @t @ 4i_U@* @ttt|@?| @hi t4@**ih |@? |i) @hi uLh i@h*ih ULLh|t

At 4@) Mi _i |L UhL_?} L| Lu ?i4T*L)i_ M@tU _LU|Lht M) 4i_U@*

@ttt|@?|tc U 4@) Mi i?@?Ui_ M) |i hi_U|L? ? |i ?4Mih Lu ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t| LMt ? |i tiUL?_ @*u Lu |i bHft

b

+iuihi?Uit

OOiA}e cQe Dc BA ajA ji} BAa c BA itc bb.c Ai igiU| Lu ?i4T*L)4i?| ?th@?Ui t@?U|L?t L? |i |h@?t|L? h@|i uhL4

?i4T*L)4i?| |L i4T*L)4i?|c A?Mih}i? W?t|||i `Lh!?} @Tihc

4t|ih_@4%+L||ih_@4

NAAB,e we $ 8N}jij BAa  7‚jiBAaNAc bb.c ,@*@|?} |i 4

T@U| Lu 6hi?U i4T*L)4i?| TL*Uit L? ?__@* *@MLh 4@h!i| t|L

hitc +ii Lu ,UL?L4U 5|_itc Sec SH.

N66ttj bji"}j,j}jAja wc bb2c @tt@h|tG _L!|ihi? @@? i

|Li!L4t| ER@tU _LU|LhG 4@t|ih?} )Lh u|hic +iTLh|c Vhi N?

iht|i| 4t|ih_@4

$jAje Cc BAa  ljujic bbc ,4ThU@* w@MLh ,UL?L4UtG Ai 5i@hU TThL@Uc  uLh_ N?iht|) hittc  uLh_

Di|5e -e bbc Ai 4T@U| Lu |h@??} L? |i uhi^i?U) @?_ _h@|L?

Lu i4T*L)4i?|c aLh?@* Lu ,UL?L4i|hUtc D.c 2D

QB6e c BAa -w wBwNAajc bbSc Ai igiU| Lu t@4T*i ti*iU|L? @?_

?|@* UL?_|L?t ? _h@|L? 4L_i*tG i_i?Ui uhL4 i Tih4i?|@* _@|@

L? |h@??}c ,UL?L4i|hU@c Sec .D2fD

QjW"6BAe cc BAa . QNANi‚jc bHbc Ai _i?|€@M*|) Lu |i UL4

Ti|?} ht! 4L_i*c L4i|h!@c .Sc 2Df

QNANi‚je .c bbc W_i?|€U@|L? hit*|t uLh _h@|L? 4L_i*t | 4*

|T*i tTi**tc +ii Lu ,UL?L4U 5|_itc Sfc 2e2eS

wBAWBt|jie Cc bbfc Ai iUL?L4i|hU @?@*)tt Lu |h@?t|L? _@|@c @4

Mh_}i N?iht|) hittc @4Mh_}i

Ni|jAtjAe $Cc bHSc aLM ti@hU @?_ *@MLh 4@h!i| @?@*)ttc ? 

ti?ui*|ih @?_ + w@)@h_ Ei_tc O@?_MLL! Lu w@MLh ,UL?L4Utc VL*

4i WWc Lh|OL**@?_c 4t|ih_@4

XBA ajA ji}e Dce  wAajONN6 BAa D -aajic bbec ||h|L?

? *L?}|_?@* T@?i* _@|@c @?_ |i i4ThU@* @?@*)tt Lu _)?@4U *@MLh 4@h!i| Mi@Lhc aLh?@* Lu TT*i_ ,UL?L4i|hUtc bc e2eD

2f

XBA ajA ji}e Dcc bbbc #h@|L? 4L_i*tG tTiU€U@|L?c _i?|€U@|L?c

@?_ 4*|T*i _h@|L?tc ? aa OiU!4@? @?_ , wi@4ih Ei_tc O@?_

MLL! Lu ,UL?L4i|hUtc VL*4i Vc Lh|OL**@?_c 4t|ih_@4

bjtte c bbDc O4@? U@T|@* t t}?@**?} i T*@?@|L?t Lu @}itc aLh

?@* Lu ,UL?L4U ihtTiU|itc bc De

2

A@M*i  544@h) t|@|t|Ut L? _h@|L?t

r Lu TihtL?t fHH

r Lu tTi**t HSb

@ _h@|L? Lu 2 |h@?t|L?t Sf

@ _h@|L? Lu  |h@?t|L?t .

@ _h@|L? Lu q |h@?t|L?t 2 r Lu 2 |h@?t|L?t SH2 r Lu  |h@?t|L?t 2H r Lu q |h@?t|L?t 22H

@ _h@|L? Lu 2 |h@?t|L?t .e

@ _h@|L? Lu 2 |h@?t|L?t S

@ _h@|L? Lu 2q |h@?t|L?t HS r Lu 2 |h@?t|L?t bb r Lu 2 |h@?t|L?t 2 r Lu 2q |h@?t|L?t Se

r Lu Ui?tLhi_ tTi**t ..

L|iG t|@|it c 2c @?_  @hi ?i4T*L)4i?|c 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|c @?_ ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|c hitTiU|i*)  ^it|L? 4@h! _i?L|it h}|Ui?tLh?}

A@M*i 2 544@h) t|@|t|Ut L? i T*@?@|Lh) @h@M*it

V@h@M*i #itUhT|L? ih@}i

Bh@_@|iHe  u }h@_@|i_ ? bHec f L|ihti fe Bh@_@|i_HS  u }h@_@|i_ ? bHSc f L|ihti f2 Bh@_@|iHH  u }h@_@|i_ ? bHHc f L|ihti fe

}i @}i ? 4L?|t%2f @| |i L|ti| Lu |i tTi** 2HD^W 5|_)|4i _h@|L? E4L?|t%2f tTi?| @| ?iht|) MiuLhi M@tU _LU|Lh fH

Bi?_ih  u ui4@*ic f L|ihti fe

N|hiU|  u }h@_@|i_ @| N?iht|) Lu N|hiU|c f L|ihti fD

 Ai @*i Lu |t @h@M*i |t @hit @UhLtt tTi**t

22

A@M*i @ ,t|4@|L? hit*|t uLh UL@h@|i igiU|t

L i|ihL}i?i|) `| i|ihL}i?i|) V@h@M*i it|4@|i t|_ ihhLh it|4@|i t|_ ihhLh

N?i4T*L)4i?| |L 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|

Bh@_@|iHS f fefe f2eD feHe Bh@_@|iHH feSe f2f88 fbD f2 5|_)|4i ff. ffD2 ffb ffeS

}i ff ff.88 fff ff.D88

N|hiU| f22f fee fb. f2DS

Bi?_ih f2 ff.b88 f2Df ffbS8

N?i4T*L)4i?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|

Bh@_@|iHS fDHf f22H88 fD2D f2SS88 Bh@_@|iHH Sf fe288 fe fD2e88 5|_)|4i ffDf ffH ffee ffH.

}i ffDD ffSe ffDD ff.S

N|hiU| f2e f2e8 fHH feD

Bi?_ih f2 f2S. ff.D f2

i_U@* @ttt|@?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|

Bh@_@|iHS f2S fb88 f2e. feS8 Bh@_@|iHH fbS fe88 fb2S fe288

5|_)|4i fff. ffe fff. ffe2

}i f.. f2D288 f.Df f2H88

N|hiU| ffb ffe88 ffDH ffe

Bi?_ih f2S f228 f2ee fe28

i_U@* @ttt|@?| |L ?i4T*L)4i?|

Bh@_@|iHS ff. f2ef f2b f22D Bh@_@|iHH ff2. ffe fbf ffHD88 5|_)|4i ff2 ff88 ffe fffH8

}i fD fS feS f2e

N|hiU| feS f2D fDS f2DS

Bi?_ih fe2 f228 fDf2 f2.S

wL} w DfDD Df2

L|iG 8 ?_U@|it |Lt_i_ t}?€U@?Ui @| @ f I *ii*

88 ?_U@|it |Lt_i_ t}?€U@?Ui @| @ D I *ii*

2

A@M*i M ,t|4@|L? hit*|t uLh M@ti*?i @3@h_

L i|ihL}i?i|) `| i|ihL}i?i|) ,t|4@|i t|_ ihhLh ,t|4@|i t|_ ihhLh N?i4T*L)4i?| |L 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|

f 4L?| ff.H ffDH f2ef ff.D

2 4L?|t S.. fe D f2 2e 4L?|t 2D fS. 2.2 f.2 e2 4L?|t 2b.. fb 2H fe

2n 4L?|t ee. fS e2S. fb N?i4T*L)4i?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|

f 4L?| 22 f2S. 2 feS

2 4L?|t 2Se f.H f feDD 2e 4L?|t .fb f.H DS. feD.

e2 4L?|t D.e f2S. . f2.

2n 4L?|t eSfS f2.H e f2S

i_U@* @ttt|@?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|

f 4L?| D2.e feeH D2S. feSe

2 4L?|t eS2 f2SD e2S fHH 2e 4L?|t .e fHf Db f2S e2 4L?|t 2b22 f.. 2SD fDe

2 4L?|t ..2 f2 eSb f2f

i_U@* @ttt|@?| |L ?i4T*L)4i?|

f 4L?| fHH f22H fHS f2HH

2 4L?|t .f f2f efbf ffD 2e 4L?|t eD f2H H.b f2SS e2 4L?|t ebf f2S. H.b f2e

2n 4L?|t eSf f2.. DfH f2HH

L|iG ,t|4@|it tL? @hi uLh *L} b

2e

A@M*i U ,t|4@|L? hit*|t uLh ?LMtihi_ i|ihL}i?i|) _t|hM|L?

@tt TL?| ? ,t|4@|i *L} _? t|_ ihhLh

N?i4T*L)4i?| |L 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|

 f 

2 ffHe ffSS

 fHf fefe88

N?i4T*L)4i?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|

 f

2 f2ee D2f

 fb. f2eD88

i_U@* @ttt|@?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|

 f 

2 fef fe2S

 HDD fD2D88

i_U@* @ttt|@?| |L ?i4T*L)4i?|

 f 

2 fSDb ff88

 be fSe288

hLM@M*|) R?

R fH 

R2 f.bH fef8

R ffb fffD88

2D

A@M*i e 54*@|i_ _h@|L? _t|hM|L?t uLh

@? @ih@}i ?__@*

N?i4T*L)4i?| |L 4i_U@* @ttt|@?|

hLTLh|L? Lu tTi**t i?_i_ @u|ihG

 4L?| 2f I 2 4L?|t b I e 4L?|t Se I

2 4L?|t . I

i_U@* @ttt|@?| |L ?Lh 4i_U@* tTiU@*t|

hLTLh|L? Lu tTi**t i?_i_ @u|ihG

 4L?| f I 2 4L?|t  I e 4L?|t eb I

2 4L?|t D I

L|iG Ai t4*@|i_ ThLM@M*|it @hi U@*U*@|i_ uLh

@? @ih@}i TihtL? ? |i _@|@ ti|

2S

Graduation Time of interview Unemployment etc.

Assistant position Junior Medical Specialist Figure 1. Typical job histories.