Annex A. Map of Vietnam

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Annexes

ANNEX A. MAP OF VIETNAM 2

ANNEX B. BASIC FACTS ABOUT VIETNAM 3

ANNEX C. VIETNAM CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY (VCCI) 6

ANNEX D. TYPES OF BDS 8

ANNEX E. PLASTIC AND PROCESSING 12

ANNEX F. PLASTIC ASSOCIATIONS 15

ANNEX G. DEFINITIONS FORMS OF ENTERPRISES 16

ANNEX H. QUESTIONNAIRE (ENGLISH) 18

ANNEX I. LIST OF INTERVIEWED ENTERPRISES 29

ANNEX J. QUALITY OF MARKET INFORMATION 31

ANNEX K. AVERAGED QUALITY PER KIND OF MARKET INFORMATION 36

ANNEX L. QUALITY OF TRANSACTIONAL AND EMBEDDED SOURCES 37

ANNEX M. TRANSACTIONAL SUPPLY ASSESSMENT 41

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Annex A. Map of Vietnam

Hanoi

Hai Phong

Nam Dinh Ninh Binh

Ho Chi Minh City Can Tho

Dong Nai Binh Duong

Da Nang

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Annex B. Basic facts about Vietnam

POPULATION

Population (2002) 79.7 million

Urban 25%

Rural 75%

Annual population growth rate 1.31%

Population density (persons per square kilometre) 240.7

Land area (square kilometres) 331,114

ECONOMY

GDP per capita (2002) ^US$441

Real growth of GDP (2002) ^7.04%

Annual average GDP growth rate (1990-2002) ^6.6%

Sectoral share of GDP (2002)

Agriculture ^22.99%

Industry and Construction ^38.55%

Services ^38.46%

Exchange rate (average 2002)*1 US$1 = Dong 15,242

Inflation (end 2002; year-on-year) ^4%

Public Finance (central government, % of GDP at current market prices, 2002 est.)*2

Revenues 19.94%

Expenditures 22.47%

Deficit 2.53%

Foreign Debt (percent of GDP, end 2002) ^40%

Balance of payments in convertible currency (2002)

Exports (f.o.b.) US$16.53 billion

Imports (c.i.f.) US$19.3 billion

Trade Deficit US$2.77 billion

Principal exports (2002):

crude oil (20%), garments and textiles (16%), sea products (12%), footwear (11%), rice (4%),

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coffee (2%), others (35%).

Principal imports (2002):

capital equipment (19%), refined petroleum (10%), textile (9%), steel (7%), Cloth (5%), Motorbikes (2%); electronic components (2%), fertilizers (2%), others (44%).

Principal export markets (2002):

Japan (15%), US (15%), China (9%), Australia (8%), Singapore (6%), Taiwan (China) (5%), Germany (4%), UK (3%), Republic of Korea (3%), France (3%), others (29%).

Competitiveness, (Overall Ranking out of 80 countries, 2002) ⁶⁵

Technology Index ⁶⁸

Public Institutions Index ⁶²

Macroeconomic environment Index ³⁸

The Networked Readiness Index (Ranking out of 82 countries, 2002)

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*1 Viet Nam State Bank Interbank rate

*2 Estimate from MOFI

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

HEALTH

- Life expectancy at birth (2001) 68.2 years

Man 65.5 years

Women 70.1 years

- Under-five mortality rate (2000) 42/1,000

- Child Malnutrition (percentage underweight) (2002) 32.%

- Fertility rate (births per woman, 2000) 2.53

- Maternal Mortality Rates (deaths per 100.000 live births, 2000) 100/100,000 EDUCATION

- Adult literacy rate (2000) - total 94%

- Net primary school ratio (2000) - total 92%

- Net lower secondary school ratio (2000) 74%

- Net upper secondary school ratio (2000) 38%

POVERTY

- Poverty (percentage poor, national poverty line, 2002) 14.3%

- Poverty (percentage poor households, international poverty line, 2002)

32.5%

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- Food Poverty Line (percentage poor households, 2002 estimate) 13.2%

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

- Human development index (Ranking out of 173 countries, 2002) 109 - Gender related development index (Ranking out of 146 countries,

2002)

89

- Human poverty index (Ranking out of 88 developing countries, 2002)

43

Sources: Government Data, UNDP, WEF, IMF, EBRD

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Annex C. Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI)

1. The Chamber in brief

The VCCI originally named Chamber of Commerce of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was founded in 1963 in Hanoi to serve the promotion of trade between Vietnam and the rest of the world. With only 93 member organizations at the foundation stage, the Chamber has undergone several phases of evolution, which correspond to different periods in Vietnam’s history. In the wartime, the Chamber’s activities focused on maintaining trade relations between Vietnam and a number of countries and territories to meet the export-import demand of the country. During the post-war years, the Chamber has expanded its scope of operation throughout the country, established relations with growing number of countries in the world and made itself involved in more activities of international economic activities. In 1982 the Chamber was renamed itself the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam so as to expand its operation to cover the manufacturing sector. Since the “opening up” of Vietnam, the Chamber has embarked on a new phase of development in its own history with its Second General Assembly held in 1993 and third one in 1997 has continuously developed the scope and scale of activities to be in line with development pace of the country. Through its activities both at home and abroad, the Chamber has actively contributed to the renovation of the country, playing a significant role in the economic growth and transformation of the nation and the integration of Vietnam in regional and international markets. In 1998, the Chamber has become a full member of the National Fatherland Front and expanded its contribution to development of the Vietnam society in general.

2. Functions

At the recent General Assembly (March 28-29, 1997) the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry adopted new statues. According to the new statues, the Chamber is a national

organization, which assembles and represents businesses of all economic sectors and business associations in Vietnam. The Chamber aims include business protection and assistance to contribute to the socio-economic development of the country, and to promote commercial, economic and technological relations between Vietnam and the rest of the world, on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.

The Chamber is an independent, non-governmental organization enjoying the status of juridical person and operating on financial autonomy. It has the following functions:

Representing the Vietnamese business community for the promotion and protection of the latter’s interests in domestic and international relations.

Promoting and assisting businesses in trade and investment, in economic and technological co-operation, labour relations as well as other business activities of enterprises in Vietnam and abroad.

2. Promotion of small and medium enterprises

With the active support of series of the representative offices in Ho Chi Minh city, Da Nang, Can Tho, Hai Phong, Vung Tau, Khanh Hoa, Thanh Hoa and Nghe An, VCCI has established a network of Small and Medium Enterprise Centres (SME - PC) to sponsor SME activities in the whole country. In addition to their own staff, local and foreign experts in various fields are invited to work for these centres.

3. International co-operation

The Chamber has concluded over 80 co-operation agreements with various chambers of commerce, trade promotion organizations, industry and business associations of more than 60

.

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countries and territories. These agreements aim at facilitating for fostering business links between Vietnamese companies and foreign partners.

The Chamber also provides assistance to foreign businesses operating in Vietnam to set up their entities, and assist them on their daily work by providing them with information, guidance, business contacts and other services as required. Moreover, the Chamber has been an advisor to the Government on macro policies so as to create a better environment for the development of economic co-operation between foreign and Vietnamese businesses.

4. Business information and publication

As an important business information centre, the Chamber monitors and supplies overall

information on Vietnam’s economy, foreign trade and foreign investment as well as the new laws and regulations on related fields. In addition, business profiles of Vietnamese manufacturers, traders, agents and joint venture partners are updated on a frequent basis to meet the information demanded by business community. The Chamber also keeps its members regularly informed on the market conditions and requirements as well as customs procedures and import regulations prevailing in foreign countries. Vietnamese and foreign business owner or visitors can get information through the following products:

“DIEN DAN DOANH NGHIEP” (BUSINESS FORUM) – a newspaper in Vietnamese that provides and analyses.

“VIETNAM INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE” – a monthly review on Vietnam economy, foreign trade and investment, new laws and regulations, reports on specific areas and sectors of Vietnam economy and business opportunities.

“VIETNAM BUSINESS DIRECTORY” – an annual publication with necessary information about thousands of major business establishments

“VIETNAM INFO” – a computerized database in English covering Vietnam and its economic and business environment. This CD-ROM includes 8 information modules:

Vietnam’s socio-economic statistics, Vietnam’s administrative structure, Legal framework in Vietnam, FDI in Vietnam, Domestic company profiles, Vietnam’s Import-Export, Representative offices of foreign companies in Vietnam and other useful information.

VCCI official website: www.vcci.com.vn

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Annex D. Types of BDS

Category Nr Description Definition

1a marketing businesses The service includes selecting target markets, analyzing and qualifying the target markets, to formulating marketing strategies for each target market and organizing the marketing program into field work.

1b market linkages The services facilitate the information of new (domestic/ foreign) market or clients for the penetration of the enterprises

1c trade fairs and product exhibitions Logistic and advisory services delivered by outsourced professional(s) to arrange the presence of a certain enterprise at a trade fair or product exhibition to promote its product’s image, to seek partners or to sell products.

1d development of samples for buyers The samples designed (always manually or non-industrially made from raw materials) then was used as either introduction or mass production purpose.

1e market information The services have been offered to two main subjects: (i) enterprises who want to introduce their business/ products/ services to the market and (ii) subjects who also potential buyers of the products/ services.

1f subcontracting and outsourcing

1g marketing trips and meetings The services in which suppliers organize chain of meetings or single one to specific subjects in order to launching / introducing particular products or business

1h market research The service in which outsourced professional(s) study factors such as demand, supply, customer behaviour, the legal and administrative framework in the market to facilitate the presence of a new enterprise in the market and/or to promote product sales of a certain enterprise in the market.

1i market space development

1j Showrooms The service could be divided into two forms:

+ Providing a space where the enterprises exhibiting their product; or

+ Providing designing services that facilitate the enterprises to organize their product’s exhibition.

1k packaging Market access

1l advertising The service in which professional(s) conduct activities to publicize the image of a certain enterprise as well as advantages of its products/services - in various media - to ensure that more products/services are bought by the customers/clients.

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2a mentoring The service in which professional(s) provide advice relating strategic development of enterprises.

2b feasibility studies and business plans

The service in which outsource professional(s) to help enterprise make feasibility study and business plan

2c exchange visits and business tours The services delivered by outsourced professional(s) to arrange the presence of a certain enterprise inbound or outbound to seek business opportunities or learn experiences.

2d franchising Assignment of trademark, technology, mode of management to other manufacturer 2e management training All types of training activities related to various aspects of business establishment and

operation such as entrepreneurship, general management, marketing – including exports, production and financial. For example, training courses are organized by VCCI,

International organizations

2f technical training Any training activities delivered by outsourced professional(s) to (1) provide information on how to use and take full advantage of a machine (2) to improve the expertise of workers in a certain skill or trade.

2g counselling/advisory services All types of advisory services related to various aspects of business establishment and operation such as entrepreneurship, general management, and marketing – including exports, production and financial advice.

2h legal services Advice and services related to laws, rules and regulations related to business establishment, operations, taxation and exports, litigation.

2i financial and taxation advice Advisory activities in term of finance and taxation Training and

technical assistance

2j accountancy and bookkeeping Outsourced services related to financial matters, book keeping, auditing and making financial reports for the enterprise owner. For example, engaging a company to review accounting books, develop a accounting system, or engaging an auditing company such as VACO, VACC prepare auditing reports

3a technology

transfer/commercialization

The service refers to the selection of the best technology for the enterprise, transferring technology procedure. It also includes instructing the enterprise how to use the new technology.

3b linking SEs and technology suppliers

Introducing SMEs with technology suppliers or vice versa

3c facilitating technology procurement The service related to advisory and arrangement activities for technology transfer such as execution of technology transfer agreement, technology transfer registration

3d quality assurance/ environment Training activities and advice delivered by professional(s) in order to improve the quality Technology and

product development

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3f design services The service in which outsourced professional(s) assume the task of preparing outlines and technical specifications of a conceived product for the reference of and in order that a product/service can be produced.

4a linking SMEs to input suppliers Introducing SMEs with input suppliers or vice versa 4b improving suppliers’ capacity to

provide regular supply of quality inputs

The services that help suppliers to improve capacity such as transportation, quality assurance, etc.

4c facilitating the establishment of bulk buying groups

Input supply

4d information on input supply sources Providing such information as name of suppliers, type of material, price, quality, origin for the selection of suppliers

5a factoring companies that provide working capital for confirmed orders

5b equity financing Alternative

financing mechanisms

5c facilitating supplier credit

6a storage and warehousing Leasing space for storing goods, equipments, material.

6b transport and delivery Leasing transport mean and deliver goods, equipment or material for enterprises 6c business incubators Building preferential zone for enterprises.

6d telecommunications The services such as telephone, fax

6e courier Service related to goods delivery

6f money transfer Help enterprises to transfer money for transaction 6g information through print, radio,

TV

Collecting relevant information through mass media related to operation of enterprises 6h internet access Accessing Internet to seek information for business purposes. This excludes the access to

Internet to send/receive emails, browsing Internet for relaxation. The access must be to retrieve information to be used for their business such as market information, legal documents and information on sellers and partners.

6i computer services This includes physical maintenance and repairs of computers, software adaptation, customization and development; as well as training and advisory services.

Infrastructure

6j secretarial services 7a training in policy advocacy Policy/advocacy

7b analysis and communication of policy constraints and opportunities

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7c direct advocacy on behalf of SMEs 7d sponsorship of conferences 7e policy studies

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Annex E. Plastic and Processing

¹

A. What is plastic?

Most people would agree on its meaning of the substance of being “plastic” (the adjective). It can flow or be moulded, it is elastic or it can be shaped, but when defining “plastics” (the noun), many problems arise. Almost any simple definition will exclude materials which everyone would agree should be included so we have to turn to scientific terms and start with the comment that plastics are all polymers (poly = many).

Natural polymers have been since time began but synthetic polymers are much more recent.

Natural polymers include shellac, tortoiseshell and horn, as well as many resinous tree saps.

All these have been processed with heat and pressure into articles such as hair combs and items of jewellery for many centuries.

A polymer is simply a very large molecule made up of many smaller units joined together, generally end to end, to create a long chain. The smallest “building block” of a polymer is called a monomer (mono = one) and if all the monomers are chemically the same, then that polymer is called a homopolymer.

Monomers generally contain carbon and hydrogen with, sometimes, other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine or fluorine. Perhaps the most common example of a synthetic homopolymer today is polyethylene or “polythene” whilst other common materials are polypropylene, polystyrene and poly (vinyl chloride), more commonly know as “PVC”.

Polymers are divided into two distinct groups: thermoplastics and thermosets. The thermoplastics are those which, once formed, can be heated and reformed over and over again. This property allows for easy processing and facilitates recycling.

Thermosets cannot be reformed or remoulded.

B. Processing techniques

Description Process Uses

Injection Moulding Molten plastic is injected under high pressure into a cooled, split mould to produce a high precision moulding.

Buckets Telephones TV cabinets Gears Toys

1Information is adapted from http://www.plastiquarian.com

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Blow Moulding

A hot thermoplastic tube is inflated by compressed air into a cooled split-cavity mould to produce a hollow moulding

Bottles Drums Carboys Car fuel tanks

Extrusion

Molten thermoplastic is extruded under high pressure through a shaped die to produce a continuous precision section.

Drain pipe Guttering Water pipe Roofing sheet Window frame Wire insulation

Compression Moulding Thermosetting plastic powder is compressed and heated in a matched die-set to produce a precision moulding

Fuse boxes Lamp holders Saucepan handles Insulators

Rotational Moulding Thermoplastic powder is tumbled, heated and cooled in a split, hollow mould to produce a hollow moulding of simple shape

Litter bins Play balls Traffic bollards

Vacuum Forming Thermoplastic sheet is heated and forced under vacuum into contact with a cooled form-mould to produce a simple shaped moulding

Yoghurt pots Vending cups Fridge linings

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Dip Moulding

Temperature controlled mandrels are dipped into a bath of plastic paste or fluidised powder to produce a peelable skin (or durable coating)

Protective-gloves Balloons

Handle grips

Calendering

Hot thermoplastic is passed through a series of

temperature controlled rolls with progressively smaller gaps to produce a

continuous precision thin sheet (also embossed, if required)

Protective sheet Shower curtains Flexible film

GRP Laminating Layers of glass fibre matt are laid-up and wetted with a thermosetting resin into a simple mould to produce a large, strong structural moulding

Boats Car bodies Chemical plant Cladding

Structural Foam Moulding (PU) A two-part premix is introduced into a split cavity mould where it expands to produce a strong,

lightweight moulding

Computer housings Casings

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Annex F. Plastic associations

Vietnam plastics industry currently has three associations. These are;

The Vietnam Plastic Manufacturers Association (VPMA) The Vietnam Saigon Plastic Association (VSPA)

The Vietnam Rubber-plastic Directors Club (VPDC)

VPMA has 300 members who are Vietnam plastic manufactures and is an organization representing Vietnam plastics industry in foreign relations. The association was established in 1990 (belonging to the Ministry of Industry of Vietnam) at the time Vietnam plastics industry recovered its activities after 14 years of changes and recession. In the 1988-1998 decade foreign investment has been speeded up 31% per year and until 1998 the total foreign and domestic investments reached USD1.700 million. Until now, the total output of Vietnam plastic industry has grown 12 times for the past decade.

VSPA gathers over 800 members, including 600 Vietnamese plastic companies

manufacturing, trading plastics and processing rubber, 200 joint-ventures and 100% foreign companies in Vietnam and 180 representative offices of global groups and multinational trading plastics located in HCMC. HCMC has gained 80% total output of Vietnam plastics and attracted 80% of total investment capital in Vietnam plastics industry.

VPDC is established by VPMA and VSPA, gathering Vietnamese plastics entrepreneurs operating in HCMC. VPDC has 150 members, who are employers of plastic enterprises and directors of state-owned plastic enterprises, participating in regular operations every month.

VPDC operates according to the model of Thailand Plastics Industry Club and currently is the most attracting, practical and efficient organization in the activities of the plastics association.

VPDC protects the interests of its members and also give consultancy to the government in planning, developing of Vietnam plastics and in international relations.

VPMA and VSPA always expand foreign relations, co-operations on the basic of mutual benefits and actively participates in international activities of the plastic industry (forum, trade fairs, exhibitions, seminars, ..) in the region and worldwide.

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Annex G. Definitions forms of enterprises

Unlike its past, the present Vietnamese economy is fueled by a diverse group of players. In the effort to mobilize all available internal as well as external resources, the government has, over the last fifteen years, drafted, amended, and enacted several laws and decrees on the establishment and operation of different business entities. The following table briefly describes the existing business entities and their legal forms².

Types of

Ownership Legal Forms Description

Central SOEs Funded and managed by central authorities, capital-intensive, can be located anywhere in the country

Local SOEs Financed and managed by provincial, city or district authorities, located in their areas of jurisdiction

State

State Corporations

Large enterprises, linked with respective ministries, dominating key industries, often act as supplier and buyer of other SOEs

Public

Collective Cooperatives

Associations of individuals and households teaming up together to run a business, each member has the same right in voting for management decisions, has a minimum capital to contribute but not in excess of 30% of total capital

Household

Farm and non-farm economic activities, family- based, labor-intensive, can not operate outside of district of registration, do not hire permanent labor, not allowed to issue stocks

Private Enterprises

Owned by one person, usually smaller than shareholding and limited companies Shareholding

Companies

Must have a least 3 shareholders, shares can be issued and sold freely.

Private

Formal Private

Sector Limited Companies

Owners only responsible for the invested capital, not allowed to issue stocks,

Joint-Ventures

Business partnership between a foreign company and one (or more) local enterprise of any type (excluding household enterprises);

incentives vary depending on business areas, localities, etc.

Foreign- Invested

Wholly Foreign-Invested Enterprises

Established with 100% foreign investment capital, in the form of limited liability.

Composition and Growth in GDP by Enterprise Form, 1995-2000

It is interesting to note that the state sector’s contribution to GDP has maintained at some 41 percent despite all the changes it has been going through. Vietnam’s private sector is still dominated by small household enterprises which account for about 34 percent of GDP. The foreign-invested sector’s share of GDP has continuously increased from 6.7 percent in 1995 to 10.7 percent in 2000. The formal private sector’s growth rate, which registered excellent performance in the early 1990s, slowed down after 1995 but picked up in 2001.

2 MPDF Private Sector Discussion Paper No. 9, “Private Companies in Vietnam: A Survey of Public Perceptions”, by Thien Ngan (Galaxy) co., Ltd, July 1999

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1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Share Growth Share Growth Share Growth Share Growth Share Growth Share Growth Total GDP (in

billions of US$) and Growth Rate

13.07 9.0% 14.25 9.3% 15.41 8.2% 16.30 5.8% 17.08 4.8% 18.23 6.8%

Public

49.8% 8.4% 50.0% 9.8% 50.1% 8.4% 49.8% 5.1% 49.0% 3.2% 49.1% 6.9%

State

40.1% 9.4% 40.8% 11.3% 41.4% 9.7% 41.3% 5.7% 40.4% 2.6% 40.6% 7.4%

Collective

9.7% 4.5% 9.2% 3.6% 8.7% 2.7% 8.4% 2.3% 8.6% 6.0% 8.5% 4.6%

Private

43.5% 8.8% 42.7% 7.3% 41.7% 5.7% 41.0% 4.3% 40.6% 3.9% 40.2% 5.8%

Formal private

7.6% 4.2% 7.7% 10.6% 7.5% 6.2% 7.5% 5.3% 7.5% 4.9% 7.6% 7.3%

Household

35.9% 9.8% 35.0% 6.6% 34.2% 5.6% 33.5% 4.1% 33.1% 3.6% 32.6% 5.3%

Foreign-Invested

6.7% 15.0% 7.3% 19.4% 8.2% 20.8% 9.2% 18.1% 10.4% 17.6% 10.7% 9.9%

Total

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Source: GSO Statistical Yearbook 2000

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Annex H. Questionnaire (English)

GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE ENTERPRISE 1 Respondent information

If name card available, this question can be filled up later 1.a Name enterprise

1.b Address

1.c Name respondent

1.d Position respondent

2 Enterprise category information

2.a Type of product Describe the products here.

2.a.1 Packaging

2.a.2 Pipes

2.a.3 Conductors

2.a.4 Utensils

2.a.5 Electric accessories

2.a.6 Other (specify)

2.b Form of business registration

2.b.1 Limited

2.b.2 Private

2.b.3 Joint stock 2.b.4 State owned

2.b.5 Establishment

2.b.6 Other

3 Enterprise size information

3.a Average number of employees 3.a.1 1-10 employees (micro) 3.a.2 10-50 employees (small) 3.a.3 50-300 employees (medium) 3.a.4 Over 300 employees (large) 3.b Registered capital

3.b.1 Less then 1 billion VND (micro) 3.b.2 Between 1 and 3 billion VND (small) 3.b.3 Between 3 and 5 billion VND (medium) 3.b.4 Between 5 and 10 billion VND 4 Market of products

4.a Other manufacturers

4.b Export (direct export of via traders) 4.c Retail market in Vietnam

4.d Other

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MARKET INFORMATION

4 Do you get market information (price, product, promotion, distribution) from…?

4.a Paper publications 4.a.1 Periodicals

Annual costs

Source If possible, describe the source

4a1.b1 Newspaper

4a1.b2 Professional magazine

4a1.b3 Government publications

4a1.b4 Other

5 Do you buy it for market information?

5.a.1 Transactional 5.a.2 Embedded

5.a.3 Both

6 Kind of market information Mark all applicable. When needed, describe information in detail 6.a.1 Market trends

6.a.2 Price information 6.a.3 Competitors 6.a.4 Product design 6.a.5 Material specifications 6.a.6 Regional development 6.a.7 World development

6.a.8 Other

7 Quality of the market information 7.a Access to information

Could it improve, and if so, how?

7.a.1 Easy to find 7.a.2 Acceptable easy

7.a.3 Difficult to find 7.b Relevance to product design

7.b.1 High relevance 7.b.2 Somewhat relevance

7.b.3 Low or no relevance 7.c Relevance to pricing policy

7.c.1 High relevance 7.c.2 Somewhat relevance

7.c.3 Low or no relevance 7.d Influence on marketing strategies

7.d.1 High influence 7.d.2 Somewhat influence

7.d.3 Little or no influence

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4.a Paper publications

4.a.2 Directories/books

Annual costs

Source If possible, describe the source

4a2.b1 Association directory

4a2.b2 Reference books

4a2.b3 Government publications

4a2.b4 Other

5.a.3 Both

6.a.8 Other

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4 Do you get market information (price, product, promotion, distribution) from...?

4.a Paper publications

4.a.3 Statistical reports

Annual costs

4a3.b1 Census reports

4a3.b2 Branch reports

4a3.b3 Other

5.a.3 Both

6.a.8 Other

7.a.3 Difficult to find

7.b Relevance to product design

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4 Do you get market information (price, product, promotion, distribution) from...?

4.b Electronic information (IT)

Annual costs

4.b.1 Internet

4.b.2 E-mail

4.b.3 Other

5 Did you purchased it for market information?

5.a.3 Both

6.a.8 Other

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4.c Telecommunication

Annual costs

4.c.1 Radio

4.c.2 TV

4.c.3 Other

5 Did you purchased it for market information?

5.a.3 Both

6.a.8 Other

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4 Do you get market information (price, product, promotion, distribution) from..?

4.d Personal relations (semi-informal)

Annual costs

4.d.1 Family or friends

4.d.2 Business client

4.d.3 Business supplier

4.d.4 Government information

4.d.5 Other

5 Do you have to pay for the provided market information?

5.a.3 Both

6.a.8 Other

7.b.1 High relevance 7.b.2 Somewhat relevance 7.b.3 Low or no relevance 7.c Relevance to pricing policy

7.c.1 High relevance 7.c.2 Somewhat relevance 7.c.3 Low or no relevance 7.d Influence on marketing strategies

7.d.1 High influence 7.d.2 Somewhat influence 7.d.3 Little or no influence