Filter selection v

Annexure K

v

Tables for Filter Selection Presented on Single Page

(5a) 'Primary peaks' or 'primary pairs' refer to two specific peaks present in the same ear. All of the primary pairs include 8 KHz and one other peak. The chart below lists different primary peaks associated with 8 KHz, the amount or difference between the two adjacent frequencies, and the priority of filtering.

Table A: Filter Priorities for Peaks Associated with 8KHz

Primary Peaks

Associated with

8KHz

2.0 KHz 1.5 KHz 3.0 KHz 1.0 KHz 750Hz 4.0 KHz

Minimum difference

from adjacent

frequencies

5-5 dB 5-5 dB 5-10 dB 5-10 dB 10-10 dB 10-10 dB

Priority

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th

(9) Secondary peaks. If primary peaks are not present in the audiogram, then single peaks, if present, should be filtered. These are referred to as 'Secondary Peaks.' In rare instances, three or more secondary peaks may be present in the audiogram that meet criteria for filtering. Since only two filters can be activated simultaneously, Dr. Berard recently suggested a priority for selecting the two secondary peaks to be filtered.

Table B: Secondary Peaks

Minimum difference

Secondary Peaks from adjacent

frequencies

2.0 KHz 1.5 KHz 3.0 KHz 1.0 KHz 4.0 KHz 10-10 dB 10-10 dB 15-15 dB 10-10 dB 10-10 dB

Priority

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

( 1 0) Plateaus. A 'plateau' refers to two peaks occurring next to each other. A plateau should be filtered if no other peaks are present, and the individual .is having difficulty pronouncing

vowels and dipthongs. Table C: Plateaus

Plateaus

1.0 and 1.5 KHz 1.5 and 2.0 KHz

Minimum difference

from adjacent frequencies

5-10 dB

=>age

3 -

Figure 3.1

- Auditory System

~

-

Figure 3.2

-Inner Ear

~

-

Figure 3.3

-Cochlea

4 -

Figure 3.4

- Auditory nerve

5 -

Figure 3.5

-Vestibular system

5 -

Figure 3.6

-Vestibular- Cerebellum connection

6-

Figure 3.7

- Brainstem

6-

Figure 3.8

- Speech perception

7-

Figure 3.9

-Working memory

7-

Figure 3.10 - Cochlear nucleus

8-

Figure 3.11

- Reticular activating system

8-

Figure 3.12 - Cerebral cortex

9-

Figure 3.13 -Temporal lobes

9-

Figure 3.14 -Arousal

10-

Figure 3.15 - Descending pathways

10-

Figure 3.16 -Cerebellum

Figure 3.1: The Auditory System HAMMER NERVE ENDINGS L RRUP www.thehearingdoctorstl.com/hearing basics.html 2010/02/27

Figure 3.2: The Inner Ear

DUllER :EAR · 'MIDDLE EAR : INNER EAR

ossicular ·chain : semici1cular : canals !balance) auditory norvc • Ito the brain): containl,~g basilar membrane and hair cells

http://emusician.com/onstage/technical features/saywhat 2010/02/27

Figure 3

.

3: Cochlea

http://universe-review.ca/11 0-85-cochlea.jpg 2010/02/27

Figure 3.4: Auditory Nerve

Outer

Ear

Middle Ear

Ear Drum

Cochlea

www.nhslothian.scot.nhs.uklnews/annual reports 2010/02/27

Auditory

Cortex

Auditory

Pathways

Source: Art Is An Option

Figure 3.5: The Vestibular System

Endc)lymph -R~•ptor-q:;ii:~~ cella Figure 10-23 C4WI!~!9?'W7 P~11 f<,(~,~~"· ft'lr,;. ~'l:lllng •~ ~() C;n'HT'IIYJ$.

www .autism-community .com/sensory-processing-dysfucntion-vestibular-activation 201 0/02/27

Figure 3.6: Vestibular - Cerebellum connections

Central connections of the vestibular system

To cerebral

cortex

Medial { Ascending component

longitudinal

fasciculus

http://instruct.uwa.ca/anatomy/530/vestpath.gif 2010/02/27

Figure 3.7: Brainstem

_ Tt.ttMl'ltfl;l(' t~n:•por.;~;f 3)'tui 8t.u.hKim uf lhC! - inf~trlQr <o1lkulus 1nfuior colliculm

http://ivertigo.net/graphics/audiology/pathsLAB.jpg 2010/02/27

Figure 3.8: Speech Perception

Auditorily-guided speech production _{Articulatorily-induced}

auditory images Motor\ Cornman~ Articulatory Movement Speech Signal Speech Cognition

~~

~

Speech Perception

Figure

3.9:

Working Memory

manipulateS

information

.J ._ .i \.

Working Memory

http://usablealgebra.landmark.edu/wp_content/uploads/200 2010/02/27

Figure 3.10: Cochlear Nucleus

www.michaelchorost.com/blog/2008/01 /26/shopping-around-for-vowels/ 201 0/02127

Pt{lfront(ll

Qroo

Figure 3.11: Reticular Activating System

i

I ) i

'

-.. '- -Medulla Oblongata L _ Spinal Cord f-l.-~----Somatic Sensory Impulses (from nocioceptors Proprioceptors

www.learningdiscoveries.eom.au/RASarousal.gif 2010/02/27

Figure 3.12: Cerebral Cortex C<!nlro;.l ~ ... 1 • .,i Pltimary ouditory «>:l~ lf•wol ~~-mie<b:Jiion (Jf(ll.l v;wol (¢<·~.(

Figure

3.13: Temporal Lobes

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/ w15dxOSiQ5kiSODqzaUjL41 2010/02127

~lllbrium pathways

~ect to the cerebellum.

Figure 3.14: Arousal

___..-Primary somatic sensory cortex Somatic aenaes Fig. 10-4

www.colorado.edu/ .. ./IPHY3430-200/image/10-4.jpg 2010/02/27

Figure 3.15: Descending Pathways www.zainea.com/brainstem.gif 2010/02/27 Figure 3.16 Cerebellum Ri9hl Aud~ory Cort&x lnteQr3tioo of spectral and spatial an31ysis Complex Spatial {directional) Analysis Complex spedral a~alysis

FRONT

Dorsolateral Prefrontal

(executive & logical)

Oifactory Bulb Laleral Orbitofrontal

(appropriate socia'V

emotional response)

Figure 3.17: Frontal Cortex

Hypothalamus Amygdala (bMic emotions) Entorhinal Cortex (memory) Hippocampus (memory) LIMBIC SYSTEM

BACK

PARIETAL -.--.;:----LOBE (movement) OCCIPITAL LOBE (vision) TEMPORAL LOBE (language) CEREBELLUM (coordinate movement) BRAIN STEM (body basics) www.brainwaves.com/images/brain- 2010/02/27 11