Programma november december 2018

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Programma november | december | 2018

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Studium Generale organiseert brede, academische activiteiten, zoals lezingen, symposia, filmvertoningen en debatten. Het programma van Studium Generale is bedoeld voor studenten, medewerkers en alle andere geïnteresseerden. Studium Generale wil een grotere belangstelling voor de wetenschappen wekken, meer inzicht geven in de samenhang tussen verschillende wetenschappen, bijdragen aan de culturele en maatschappelijke ontplooiing en een beter begrip laten ontstaan van de relatie tussen wetenschap en samen- leving.

Bureau

Studium Generale Universiteit Leiden Postbus 9500, 2300 RA Leiden 071 527 7295/7296/7283/1964

www.universiteitleiden.nl/studium-generale studiumgenerale@sea.leidenuniv.nl

Medewerkers Tilman Grünewald

t.a.grunewald@sea.leidenuniv.nl Yvonne Leunissen

y.leunissen@sea.leidenuniv.nl Norbert Peeters

n.g.j.peeters@sea.leidenuniv.nl Pink Meltzer / secretariaat studiumgenerale@sea.leidenuniv.nl

Toegang

Tenzij anders staat aangegeven, zijn de activiteiten van Studium Generale Universiteit Leiden gratis toegankelijk en hoeft u zich hier niet voor aan te melden.

Commissie

De Commissie Studium Generale vormt de denktank van Studium Generale en wordt voorgezeten door Rector Magnificus en Voorzitter College van Bestuur prof.mr. Carel Stolker. Een lijst van alle commissieleden vindt u op de website van Studium Generale.

Op de hoogte blijven

www.universiteitleiden.nl/studium-generale www.facebook.com/studium.generale.

universiteit.leiden www.twitter.com/sgleiden

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Voorwoord

De Franse filosoof Albert Camus noemt de herfst “een tweede lente waarin ieder blad een bloem is”. Voor de bladval verschieten de bladeren massaal van kleur en worden we beloond met een boeket van geel- en roodtinten. Maar om de herfst nu een tweede lente te noemen is wellicht wat te rooskleurig.

Gure herfstwinden wervelen door de straten en met rappe schreden daalt het kwik richting het nulpunt. Een uitsteken- de gelegenheid om in de avonden de warmte van een collegezaal op te zoeken. In november en december presenteert Studium Generale opnieuw een gevarieerd programma van lezingen en andere evenementen.

De herfst is een uitstekend moment om het honderdjarig bestaan van Johan Huizinga’s boek Herfsttij der Middeleeu- wen te vieren en om je kennis over de middeleeuwen bij te spijkeren in onze reeks ‘Mythes over de middeleeuwen:

nieuwe inzichten in de mediëvistiek’.

Ook zetten we de archeologie in het herfstzonnetje met de reeks ‘Toekomst in de archeologie’. Leer hoe nieuwe methoden en technieken ons een uniek inkijkje geven in het verleden. Het is ook het seizoen om te griezelen, met een wetenschappelijk tintje dan. Bezoek onze serie fataal geweld, waarin het fenomeen moord vanuit verschillende invalshoeken wordt ontleed.

Preface

The French philosopher Albert Camus described autumn as “a second spring when every leaf is a flower”. Before the foliage falls to the ground it treats us to a beautiful bouquet of yellow and red colours. However, to call it a second spring might be exaggerating. Cold autumn winds swirl through the streets and temperatures quickly drop. An excellent time to huddle up in the warmth of our lecture halls. In November and December, Studium Generale presents a wide variety of lectures and other events.

Autumn seems like an excellent time to celebrate the centenary of Johan Huizinga’s book The Autumn of the Middle Ages and to brush up your knowledge about the Middle Ages with our series ‘Myths about the Middle Ages:

new insights in medieval history’.

Archeology also takes a spot in the limelight in our series ‘The Future of Archaeology’. Learn more about the methods and techniques that give us new insights into the past. This season is also a perfect moment for a bit of horror, with a scientific touch. Attend our series on murder and gain insight into this phenomenon from various angles.

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Inhoud

8 8 9 10 10 11 14 14 17 22 22 23 24 25 28 28 28 32 32 33 33 34 20 Hutspot SG

26 Fataal Geweld

Wat maakt een mens tot moordenaar?

31 Mythes over de middeleeuwen Nieuwe inzichten uit de mediëvistiek

15 Human Perspectives 12 Global Challenges

6 The Future of Archaeology About the latest Innovations in the Field

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5 The Raqqa tablets back to life!

Beyond Prometheus Pursuing the origins of fire production among early humans

In sickness and in health

New approaches to studying past disease and stress in the archaeological record

Tracing the Past

Detecting prehistoric remains with the help of Data Science and Citizens

Recent Advances in the Study of Ancient Migrations Isotopes and Isoscapes

Eating our way to the top Diet in human evolution

Non-state authorities in conflict in Nigeria How did disability become a global concern?

From Potato to Sushi Diversity of Global Culinary Culture

De eerste reis van James Cook

Schrijvers met sterrenstatus De roem van drie Leidse literaire helden

Beelden van Paaseiland Een nieuw perspectief op een vergane eilandcultuur

Kinderen van Aleppo Een voorstelling over hoop, moed en (on)geloof

How to tame a fox (and build a dog) The greatest experiment in animal breeding

Fataal Geweld Veraf en nabij Fataal Geweld Van de vroege geschiedenis tot nu

Fataal Geweld Van publiek tot privaat Honderd jaar Herfsttij der Middeleeuwen

‘Van vreemde smetten vrij?’ Nationale identiteit en de middeleeuwen

Middeleeuwse wereldburgers Middeleeuwse globalisatie en overzeese expansie

De stad, het vuil en de beerput

Middeleeuwse staatsvorming De opkomst en neergang van het Bourgondische hof

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Archaeology ^of

Future The

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This year, archaeology at Leiden University as well as in the Netherlands turns 200! Archaeology has always been at the forefront of technological innovation. So instead of only looking back, in this jubilee year Archaeology and Studium Generale focus on the future: from the use of isotope studies to 3D technologies bringing ancient sites to life.

About the latest Innovations in the Field

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2018

One Lecture on Thursday Evening 1 November

Five Lectures on Wednesday Evenings 14, 21, 28 November

5, 19 December 7:30 pm - 9:00 pm Room 019 Lipsius Building Cleveringaplaats 1 Leiden

All welcome!

Entrance is free.

No registration needed.

Archaeology

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The Raqqa tablets back to life!

Dr Ir Dominique Ngan-Tillard, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, TU Delft and dr Olivier Nieuwenhuijse, guest staff member in Near Eastern archaeology, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University

The pilot project Scanning for Syria brought back to life clay tablets lost in Raqqa in the fog of the Syrian war.

This resurrection was possible thanks to silicone rubber casts made by the Dutch archaeologists who excavated the tablets, to allow detailed study back in the Netherlands. As the moulds degrade over time, safeguarding of the cuneiform texts, recording the anxieties of Assyrian administrators in the 12th

century BC was urgent. With an X-ray micro-CT scanner, even the tiniest wedges imprinted in the concavities of the moulds could be captured so that digital replicas as readable as the authentic tablets could be produced.

Then, the digital models were subjected to automatic character decipherment and separation at Heidelberg University to ease the laborious translation work of assyriologists. Colorful 3D printed replicas were also made that one can hold in his hand to better appreciate the concise written communication style adopted by the Assyrians long before our text messages! Using modern digitizing technology a tablet was even transformed into a chocolate delicacy sold for the benefit of refugee students in the Netherlands.

WED | 14 | 11

Beyond Prometheus

Pursuing the origins of fire production among early humans

Andrew Sorensen MA, PhD Candidate, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University

Fire is ubiquitous in our modern lives:

from producing electricity, to cooking our food, to powering our cars. Yet, many of us today rarely come into direct contact with fire on a daily basis. This is in stark contrast to the near-constant presence of fire among modern hunter-gatherers and our earlier hominin forbearers, again emphasising

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The Future of Archaeology the paramount importance of this resource. Determining when exactly fire first entered the human technological repertoire has proven difficult to pin down and is outside the purview of this talk. Instead, Sorensen will focus on the later stages of fire use when hominins were regularly utilizing and producing fire, specifically zooming in on Neandertal fire use during the Last Glacial period (ca. 115,000 -40,000 years ago) and on how this practice has manifested in the late-Middle Palaeolithic archaeological record.

This talk first delves into the complexities associated with the production and preservation of various fire evidences and how different environmental and/or cultural conditions - including the possession of fire making technology - can either enhance or mute archaeological fire signals. After that Sorensen presents the first direct artefactual evidence of regular fire making by Neandertals.

WED | 21 | 11

In sickness and in health

New approaches to studying past disease and stress in the archaeological record

Dr Rachel Schats and dr Sarah Schrader, both are Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University From the early 20th century onwards, researchers have been studying archaeological skeletal remains to learn

about diseases that plagued past societies. In the last decades, this type of research, termed palaeopathology, has focused on the macroscopic analysis of the bones and the identification of pathological lesions within the skeleton.

While this is still an important facet of current osteological research, recently more and more biomolecular techniques are employed to study past disease. In this presentation, we will feature two of those new types of analysis. One case study will focus on the investigation stress levels through the analysis of cortisol in archaeological hair and the other one will discuss how past malaria can be studied in archaeological human bones.

By Rohitjahnavi - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=68500468

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Tracing the Past

Detecting prehistoric remains with the help of Data Science and Citizens

Dr Quentin Bourgeois, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University

Prehistoric funerary monuments are one of the most visible and well known relics in the Netherlands. Until recently we were under the impression that we had documented most of these monuments. New advances in Data Science however are generating hundreds, if not thousands of newly discovered sites. What we thought we knew about these monuments must be seen as only the tip of the iceberg. For example, similar techniques that Google and Facebook use to automatically detect faces on pictures, are now being used to mine vast remote sensing datasets such as satellite images. Using this technique in a 6-month pilot-study on the Veluwe has already doubled the number of known sites - from a few hundred to close to two thousand.

These techniques are revolutionizing archaeology, yet they also create new challenges. Who is going to study these thousands of new sites? In the pilot-study we have started to create a network of volunteers who help and assist us in documenting these newly discovered sites. In doing so they help us better understand these relics of the past, but they also help to generate

By Sklmsta - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9896470

awareness to the existence of these relics in our own backyard.

WED | 5 | 12

Recent Advances in the Study of Ancient Migrations

Isotopes and Isoscapes Dr Jason Laffoon, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University

One of the most widely used methods in archaeology to study ancient migrations, strontium (Sr) isotope analysis, has been applied to a vast array of different studies across the globe. These

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The Future of Archaeology studies have demonstrated that migrations were frequent, dynamic and highly variable within and between different populations throughout history. One major criticism of these approaches as applied to migration research, however, is that most studies often do not advance beyond simply distinguishing between locals and immigrants (nonlocals) but are unable to identify the origins of immigrants.

The ability to use isotope signatures obtained from human skeletal remains to identify geographic origins is hampered by the fact that different potential source areas can possess similar isotopic ranges. Two approaches offer great potential for overcoming this limitation: 1) the use of multiple isotope proxies, and 2) the use of isoscapes (models or maps of spatial isotopic variation). Isoscapes have yet to be extensively utilized for migration or provenance studies in archaeological primarily because no accurate regional-scale strontium isoscape had been generated for the appropriate

sample material. The effectiveness of combining multiple isotope data with isoscapes to identify the geographic origins of ancient immigrants will be discussed and demonstrated by recent research from the Caribbean region.

WED | 19 | 12

Eating our way to the top

Diet in human evolution

Dr Amanda Henry, Associate Professor, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University

The dietary behavior of our ancient ancestors and relatives has profound influence on our own health and lifestyle. While hunting and meat-eating are often emphasized as drivers of social structure, pair-bonding, brain growth and other key human traits, the importance of plant foods in human evolution is often overlooked. Plants provide critical nutrients and comprise the majority of calories in some modern forager groups. The acquisition and processing of plant foods can also structure human behavior and evolutionary trajectories. Part of our ignorance of the role plant foods is due to taphonomic factors; plants are poorly preserved in the archaeological record.

Recent methods emphasizing the consumption and processing of plants, combined with our existing understanding of animal food use, provides a more holistic picture of the evolution of our dietary niche.

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A SERIES OF LECTURES ON CURRENT ISSUES IN WORLD POLITICS – EVERY FIRST WEDNESDAY OF THE MONTH

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13 In this series of lectures experts will

provide a broad perspective and qualified background information on these global challenges. Each first or second Wednesday of the month a new present-day issue takes center stage in this series.

Every first or second Wednesday of the month

November 7 and December 12 7:00 pm - 8:30 pm

Auditorium

Leiden University College Anna van Buerenplein 301 The Hague

All welcome!

Entrance is free.

Limited seats available - please register in advance through our website!

Further information and registration:

www.universiteitleiden.nl/

studium-generale

This series is a co-production of Studium Generale and the Research Centre of Leiden University College.

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Non-state authorities in conflict in Nigeria

Dr David Ehrhardt, Assistant Professor and convener of the International Development major at Leiden University College The Hague In recent years, northern Nigeria has become near-synonymous with violent conflict: from religious riots to Boko Haram and the current farmer-herder conflicts. This lecture sketches out the main causes and trends behind these conflicts and frames them in a context of oil politics and immensely complex intercommunal relations. It then maps out the ways in which Nigerians try to enhance tolerance and cooperation and manage (violent) conflict, with or without the support of the Nigerian state. The emphasis will be on the many social organisations and authorities that operate in the margins of the state: from peacebuilding NGOs to religious leaders, and from youth-based militias to emirs and other traditional rulers. In Nigeria’s cynical political climate, these actors are often most effective at conflict prevention and resolution, and most responsive to the wishes of ‘their’

people; but their influence and authority also faces important constraints. How do we assess the quality of such extra- governmental governance? And what, more importantly, are the longer-term prospects for peace and democratisa- tion in this political constellation?

WED | 12 | 12

How did disability become a global concern?

Prof Monika Baár, dr Paul van Trigt, Anna Derksen MA and Anaïs van Ertvelde MA, members of the Rethinking Disability research project, Leiden University

Approximately 10%-15% of the world’s population is estimated to be disabled and this number is expected to rise in the next decades. How did disability become a global concern and how can the concept be understood in a multicul- tural world? The lecture will show how that contrary to what many people may believe, disability does not equal inaction and passivity. In fact, the incorporation of disability into human

rights in the recent decades has been the result of the agency and emancipa- tion movement of disabled people - be it their protest on the streets or their skill- ful lobbying. The lecture will thus show that disability does not (necessarily) equal suffering, it can be a positive identity and a source of social and cultural identity. The experience of people with disabilities in the Southern Hemisphere will also get attention, and the lecture will reveal the relevance of disability in international relations, in particular that it may become an issue of ideological rivalry between great powers.

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Human

Disability does not equal

inaction and passivity

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Perspectives

Human

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We live in a world of ever-increasing complexity and connectivity. Never before have we had such easy access to other countries, cultures and people.

Where do we all fit into this global village?

We lead you on a journey of discovery. Through a series of engaging and enlightening lectures, you will hear from a diversity of voices and encoun- ter a wealth of perspectives. Deepen your understanding of your identity!

Every second Thursday of the month 7:30 pm - 9:00 pm

December 13 Room 011 Lipsius Building Cleveringaplaats 1 Leiden

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Human Perspectives

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Door judovriend Jan Willem van Musscher - eigen werk

THU | 13 | 12

From Potato to Sushi

Diversity of Global Culinary Culture Prof Katarzyna Cwiertka, Chair and Professor of Modern Japan Studies, Leiden University

‘Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you who you are’. This remark by the eighteenth-century French solicitor, politician and gourmet Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin is often considered to be a cliché; however, this does not make it any less true. Food is a universal, yet highly diverse, feature of the human condition. It is an essential way through which individuals and societies define

themselves. Dishes we eat growing up often become the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress. We proudly preserve culinary traditions and pass them on to the next generation. At the same time, cuisines are continuously changing, with new ingredients, technologies and practices successively replacing the old. The pace of culinary change has greatly accele- rated during the last half a century, largely due to the intensified global interactions. In this lecture we will explore the processes of adoption and appropriation of foreign food, which have resulted in the diversification, rather than homogenization of global culinary culture.

‘Tell me what you eat, and I

will tell you who you are’

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Agenda

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7:30 pm Dr Ir Dominique Ngan-Tillard The Raqqa tablets back to life!

& Dr Olivier Nieuwenhuijse

7:00 pm Dr David Ehrhardt Security and conflict resolution in northern Nigeria

From Boko Haram to farmer-herder violence

19.30 Dr. Jeroen Bos De eerste reis van James Cook

19.30 Dr. Marieke Liem Fataal Geweld Veraf en nabij

7:30 pm Andrew Sorensen MA Beyond Prometheus Pursuing the origins of fire production among early humans

19.30 Dr. Anton van der Lem Honderd jaar Herfsttij der Middeleeuwen

19.30 Dr. Rick Honings Schrijvers met sterrenstatus De roem van drie Leidse literaire helden

19.30 Dr. Mariek Liem Fataal Geweld Van de vroege geschiedenis tot nu

7:30 pm Dr Rachel Schats In sickness and in health

& Dr Sarah Schrader New approaches to studying past disease and stress in the archaeological record

19.30 Dr. Claire Weeda ‘Van vreemde smetten vrij?’ Nationale identiteit en de middeleeuwen

19.30 Prof.dr. Jan Boersema Beelden van Paaseiland Een nieuw perspectief op een vergane eilandcultuur

19.30 Dr. Marieke Liem Fataal Geweld Van publiek tot privaat

7:30 pm Dr Quentin Bourgeois Tracing the Past Detecting prehistoric remains with the help of Data Science and Citizens

19.30 Prof.dr. Louis Sicking Middeleeuwse wereldburgers Middeleeuwse globalisatie en overzeese expansie

7:30 pm Dr Jason Laffoon Recent Advances in the Study of Ancient Migrations Isotopes and Isoscapes

19.30 Dr. Roos van Oosten De stad, het vuil en de beerput

19.30 George Elias Tobal Kinderen van Aleppo Een voorstelling over hoop, moed en (on)geloof

7:30 pm Prof Lee Dugatkin How to tame a fox (and build a dog) The greatest experiment in animal breeding

7:00 pm Prof Monika Baár, Anna Derksen MA, How did disability become a global concern?

Dr Paul van Trigt & Anaïs van Ertvelde MA

19.30 Dr. Robert Stein Middeleeuwse staatsvorming De opkomst en neergang van het Bourgondische hof

7:30 pm Prof Katarzyna Cwiertka From Potato to Sushi Diversity of Global Culinary Culture

7:30 pm Dr Amanda Henry Eating our way to the top Diet in human evolution

november

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WED 7 MA 12 DI 13 WED 14 DO 15 MA 19 DI 20 WED 21 DO 22 MA 26 DI 27 WED 28 DO 29

december

WED 5 DO 6 MA 10 TUE 11 WED 12 DO 13 THU 13 WED 19

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19 7:30 pm Dr Ir Dominique Ngan-Tillard The Raqqa tablets back to life!