University of Groningen Functionalization of DNA by electrostatic bonding Chen, Wei

University of Groningen

Functionalization of DNA by electrostatic bonding Chen, Wei

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Publication date: 2019

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Chen, W. (2019). Functionalization of DNA by electrostatic bonding. University of Groningen.

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Functionalization of DNA by

Electrostatic Bonding

The work described in this thesis was carried out at the Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.

This work was supported financially by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and the European Research Council (ERC).

Cover designed and printed by: Optima Grafische Communicatie (www.ogc.nl) ISBN: 978-94-034-1299-3 (printed version)

Functionalization of DNA by

Electrostatic Bonding

PhD thesis

to obtain the degree of PhD at the University of Groningen

on the authority of the Rector Magnificus prof. E. Sterken

and in accordance with

the decision by the College of Deans. This thesis will be defended in public on

Friday 4 January 2019 at 16.15 hours

by

Wei Chen

born on 13 December 1985 in Chengdu, China

Supervisor

Assessment Committee

To those whose tracks I have followed

and those who will follow mine

Contents

Chapter 1

Biomacromolecule-lipid Complexes and their Applications··· 1

1.1 Introduction ··· 2

1.2 Complexes fabricated through ion exchange ··· 3

1.3 Complexes fabricated through co-operative precipitation ··· 8

1.4 Mechanism of the co-operative precipitation ··· 14

1.5 Conclusion ··· 16

1.6 Outline of this thesis ··· 17

References ··· 19

Chapter 2 High Density and Noncovalent Functionalization of DNA by Electrostatic Interactions ··· 23

2.1 Introduction ··· 24

2.2 Results and Discussion ··· 25

2.3 Conclusion ··· 37

2.4 Experimental section ··· 37

References ··· 52

Chapter 3 Ionic Liquids with a Cavity Based on Cyclodextrin ··· 55

3.1 Introduction ··· 56

3.2 Results and Discussion ··· 57

3.3 Conclusions ··· 64

3.4 Experimental section ··· 64

References ··· 70

Chapter 4 The Fabrication of DNA-PEG Complexes and their Characterization ··· 73

4.1 Introduction ··· 74

4.3 Conclusion ··· 85

4.4 Experimental section ··· 86

References ··· 87

Chapter 5 The Fabrication of DNA-Quaternary Ammonium Lipid Complexes and their Stability ··· 91

5.1 Introduction ··· 92

5.2 Results and Discussion ··· 93

5.3 Conclusion ···106 5.4 Experimental section ···106 References ···108 Summary ··· 111 Samenvatting ··· 115 Acknowledgement ···121