A Grammar of Bantawa : grammar, paradigm tables, glossary and texts of a Rai language of Eastern Nepal

of a Rai language of Eastern Nepal

Doornenbal, M.A.

Citation

Doornenbal, M. A. (2009, November 3). A Grammar of Bantawa : grammar, paradigm tables, glossary and texts of a Rai language of Eastern Nepal. LOT dissertation series. LOT,

Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics, Utrecht. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/14326

Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown)

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden

Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/14326

Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable).

B Paradigms

B.1 Intransitive agreement

The agreement tables listed below are based on data that are recorded in Sindran in Bhojpur district and further elicited from speakers of that area. This explains both why the data are very similar to the data of Rai (1985) and why there are some systematic differences.⁶

simple forms

slot P NPT N NPT P PT N PT P IM N IM

1s £-Ka h-£-nhK £-aK man-£-Ka

1d £-ca h-£-cinka £-acia man-£-daca

1p £-inka h-£-iminka £-inka man-£-daKka

id £-ci h-£-cin £-aci man-£-daci

ip £-in h-£-imin £-in man-£-dan

2s th-£ th-£-nan th-£-a man-£ thda £-a man-£-da

2d th-£-ci th-£-nanci th-£-aci man-£ thdaci £-aci man-£-daci 2p th-£-in th-£-naminin th-£-in man-£ thdanin £-in man-£-danin

3s £ h-£-nin £-a man-£

3d £-ci h-£-cin £-aci man-£-ci

3p mh-£ nh-£-nin mh-£-a man-£ mhda

progressive forms

slot P NP PROG N NP PROG P PT PROG N PT PROG

1s £-KaKa h-£-nhKnhK £-aKyaK

1d £-ciKci”a h-£-cincinka £-aKaci”a 1p £-inyinka h-£-imiminka £-inyinka

id £-ciKci h-£-cincin £-aKaci

ip £-inyin h-£-imimin £-inyin

2s th-£-yaK th-£-nanan th-£-aKa 2d th-£-ciKci th-£-nanancin th-£-aKaci 2p th-£-inyin th-£-namininin th-£-inyin

3s £-yaK h-£-ninin £-aKa

3d £-ciKci h-£-cincin £-aKaci

3p mh-£-yaK nh-£-ninin mh-£-aKa

6The description of Bantawa as found in Rai (1985) differs slightly from the data presented here. The morpheme <nh-> (3A) roughly corresponds to <hm> in Rai (1985). The ordering of prefixes is different in Rai (1985). The 1 → 2 and 2 → 1 non-singular forms are reduced in the dialect treated here, but more extensively marked in the presentation of Rai's tables as found in Ebert (1994). For many forms, the comparison cannot be made because Rai (1985) does not give full paradigms.

B.2 `To walk'

Below the affirmative and negative paradigms are given of the non-past tense, past tense and imperative mood of the verb konma `to walk'.

slot P NP N NP P PT N PT P IM N IM

1s konKa hkonnhK kolaK mankonKa

1d konca hkoncinka kolacia mankondaca 1p kolinka hkoliminka kolinka mankondaKka id konci hkoncin kolaci mankondaci ip kolin hkolimin kolin mankondan

2s thkon thkonnan thkola manthkonda kola mankonda 2d thkonci thkonnanci thkolaci manthkondaci kolaci mankondaci 2p thkolin thkonnaminin thkolin manthkondanin kolin mankondanin

3s kon hkonnin kola mankon

3d konci hkoncin kolaci mankonci 3p mhkon nhkonnin mhkola mankonmhda

B.3 `To walk, progressive'

Below the progressive paradigms are given of the non-past and past tense of the verb konma`to walk'.

slot P NP PROG N NP PROG P PT PROG N PT PROG 1s konKaKa hkonnhKnhK kolaKyaK

1d konciKci”a hkoncincinka kolaKaci”a 1p kolinyinka hkolimiminka kolinyinka id konciKci hkoncincin kolaKaci ip kolinyin hkolimimin kolinyin 2s thkonyaK thkonnanan thkolaKa 2d thkonciKci thkonnanancin thkolaKaci 2p thkolinyin thkonnamininin thkolinyin

3s konyaK hkonninin kolaKa

3d konciKci hkoncincin kolaKaci 3p mhkonyaK nhkonninin mhkolaKa

B.4 `To come'

Below the affirmative and negative paradigms are given of the non-past tense, past tense and imperative mood of the verb `to come', infinitive tama.

slot P NP N NP P PT N PT P IM N IM

1s taKa htanhK taK mantaKa

1d taci”a htacinka taci”a mantadaci”a 1p tanka htanminka tanka mantadanka

id taci htacin taci mantadaci

ip tan htanmin tan mantadan

2s thta thtanan thta mantathda ta mantada

2d thtaci thtanancin thtaci mantathdaci taci mantadaci 2p thtan thtananimin thtan mantathdan tanin mantadanin

3s ta htanin ta manta

3d taci htacin taci mantaci

3p mhta nhtanin mhta mantamhda

B.5 `To need'

Below, the affirmative and negative conjugation paradigms are given of the non-past and past tenses in both the simple, perfective and progressive aspect of the part of the verb caha metma `to need'. The concept `to need' is expressed by an intransitive conjugation of the verb caha metma `to need'.

(141) hKka I

c°apdani pen

caha need

met-Ka-Ø-Ka apply-1s-PROG-1s

`I need a pen'

The verb stem metma `apply' is used in different grammatical roles in Bantawa, such as an analytical causativiser. Metma also serves as a host of flection for a collection of bimorphemic verb roots. Those bimorphemic verb roots have the characteristic that the left morpheme serves to convey the main semantic content, whereas the right hand member metma indicates to whom this situation or feeling applies. The verb metma may then be glossed `apply'.

Interestingly, in the complex verb caha metma the verb agrees with the needer and conjugates intransitively. By contrast, verbs such as k°alampa metma `to have a cold' agree transitively with a cold as a third person agent and with the undergoer.

In the case of caha metma, all noun phrases in the clause are in the absolutive case.

P NP N NP P PT N PT

1s metKa hmetnhK mettaK manmetKa

id metci hmetcin mettaci manmetdaci

ip mettin hmettimin mettin manmetdan

1d metci”a hmetcinka mettaci”a manmetdaci”a 1p mettinka hmettiminka mettinka manmetdanka

2s thmet thmetnan thmetta manmetthda

2d thmetci thmetnancin thmettaci manmetthdaci 2p thmettin thmetnaminin thmettin manmetthdan

3s met hmetnin metta manmet

3d metci hmetcin mettaci manmetci

3p mhmet nhmetnin mhmetta manmetci

P NP PROG N NP PROG P PT PROG N PT PROG 1s metKaKa hmetnhKnhK mettaKyaK manmetKaKa id metciKci hmetcincin mettaKaci manmetdaKaci ip mettinyin hmettimimin mettinyin manmetdanyin 1d metciKci”a hmetcincinka mettaKaci”a manmetdaKaci”a 1p mettinyinka hmettimiminka mettinyinka manmetdanyinka 2s thmetyaK thmetnanan thmettaKa manmetthdaKa 2d thmetciKci thmetnanancin thmettaKaci manmetthdanaci 2p thmettinyin thmetnamininin thmettinyin manmetthdanyin

3s metyaK hmetninin mettaKa manmetyaK

3d metciKci hmetcincin mettaKaci manmetciKci 3p mhmetyaK nhmetninin mhmettaKa manmetciKci

B.6 Reflexive agreement

The reflexive verb agreement paradigm is as below. Only prefixes and suffixes are lists, for all persons, tenses and polarities.

REFL NPT P NPT N PT PT N

1s £-KaKchK h-£-nhKchK £-aKchK man-£-daKchK

1d £-cici”a h-£-cincinka £-acici”a man-£-dacici”a

1p £-incinka h-£-imincinka £-incinka man-£-dancinka

1d £-cici h-£-cincin £-acici man-£-dacici

1p £-incin h-£-imincin £-incin man-£-dancin

2s th-£-nancin th-£-nancinin th-£-ancin man-£ thdancin 2d th-£-cici th-£-nancinin ti-£-acici man-£ thdacici 2p th-£-incin th-£-nanminincin th-£-incin man-£ thdanincin

3s £-nancin h-£-nincin £-ancin man-£-dancin

3d £-cici h-£-cincin £-acici man-£-dacici

3p mh-£-nancin nh-£-nincin mh-£-ancin man-£ mhdancin

REFL NP PROG NP N PROG PT PROG PT N PROG

1s £-KaKaKchK h-£-nhKnhKchK £-aKyaKchK man-£-daKyhKchK 1d £-ciKcici”a h-£-cincincinka £-aKacici”a man-£-daKacici”a 1p £-inyincinka h-£-imimincinka £-inyincinka man-£-danyincinka 1d £-ciKcici h-£-cincincin £-aKacici man-£-daKacici 1p £-inyincin h-£-imimincin £-inyincin man-£-danyincin 2s th-£-nanancin th-£-nanancinan th-£-anyancin man-£ thdancinyin 2d th-£-ciKcici th-£-nanancinan th-£-aKacici man-£ thdaKacici 2p th-£-inyincin th-£-nanmininincin th-£-inyincin man-£ thdaninyincin 3s £-nanancin h-£-ninyincin £-anyancin man-£-danyancin 3d £-ciKcici h-£-ci(n)cincin £-aKacici man-£-daKacici 3p mh-£-nanancin nh-£-inyincin mh-£-anyancin man-£ mhdanyancin

B.7 The verb `to touch oneself'

Below one finds a sample paradigm of nopmancin `to touch oneself', in simple and progressive aspects. The verb nopma `to touch' with stem allomorphs <nop ~ nopt> is the root for these reflexive forms.

P NP N NP P PT N PT

1s nopKaKchK hnopnhKchK noptaKchK mannopdaKchK 1d nopcici”a hnopcincinka noptacici”a mannopdacici”a 1p noptincinka hnoptimincinka noptincinka mannopdancinka 1d nopcici hnopcincin noptacici mannopdacici 1p noptincin hnoptimincin noptincin mannopdancin 2s thnopnancin thnopnancinin thnoptancin mannop thdancin 2d thnopcici thnopnancinin tinoptacici mannop thdacici 2p thnoptincin thnopnanminincin thnoptincin mannop thdanincin 3s nopnancin hnopnincin noptancin mannopdancin 3d nopcici hnopcincin noptacici mannopdacici 3p mhnopnancin nhnopnincin mhnoptancin mannop mhdancin

P NP PROG N NP PROG P PT PROG N PT PROG

1s nopKaKaKchK hnopnhKnhKchK noptaKyaKchK mannopdaKyhKchK 1d nopciKcici”a hnopcincincinka noptaKacici”a mannopdaKacici”a 1p noptinyincinka hnoptimimincinka noptinyincinka mannopdanyincinka 1d nopciKcici hnopcincincin noptaKacici mannopdaKacici 1p noptinyincin hnoptimimincin noptinyincin mannopdanyincin 2s thnopnanancin thnopnanancinan thnoptanyancin mannop thdancinyin 2d thnopciKcici thnopnanancinan thnoptaKacici mannop thdaKacici 2p thnoptinyincin thnopnanmininincin thnoptinyincin mannop thdaninyincin 3s nopnanancin hnopninyincin noptanyancin mannopdanyancin 3d nopciKcici hnopci(n)cincin noptaKacici mannopdaKacici 3p mhnopnanancin nhnopinyincin mhnoptanyancin mannop mhdanyancin

B.8 The verb `to kill oneself by hanging'

Below one finds a sample paradigm of `to kill oneself by hanging' in simple aspect only. This is a paradigm of a reflexive compound verb. Here only the left member carries prefixes, but its suffix string is truncated to a single syllable.

The verbs `to hang' (chKma, root <chK ~ chKs>) and `to kill' (setma, root <set ~ ser>) are the root for these reflexive forms.

P NP N NP P PT N PT (I)

1s chKaK setKaKchK hchKnhK setnhKchK chKsaK seraKchK manchKsetdaKchK 1d chKci setcici”a hchKcin setcincinka chKsa seracici”a manchKsetdacici 1p chKsin serincinka hchKsin serimincinka chKsin serincinka manchKsetdancinka id chKci setcici hchKcin setcincin chKsa seracici manchKsetdacici”a ip chKsin serincin hchKsin serimincin chKsin serincin manchKsetdancin 2s thchKnan setnancin thchKnan setnancin thchKsan serancin manchKset thdancin 2d thchKci setcici thchKna setnancinan / thchKsa seracici manchKset thdacici

thchKna setnancinin

2p thchKsin serincin thchnsin serinimincin thchKsin serincin manchKset thdanimincin 3s chKnan setnancin hchKnin setnincin chKsan serancin manchKsetdancin 3d chKci setcici hchKcin setcincin chKsa seracici manchKsetdacici 3p mhchKnan setnancin nhchKnin setnincin mhchKsan serancin manchKset mhdancin

B.9 `To take'

Non-past affirmative Non-past negative

1s→2s k°atna 1s→2s hk°atnan

1s→2d k°atnaci 1s→2d hk°atnancin

1s→2p k°atnanin 1s→2p hk°atnaminin

1s→3s k°attuK 1s→3s hk°atnhK

1s→3ns k°attuKchK 1s→3ns hk°atnhKchK

1d→2s k°atni 1d→2s hk°atnin

1d→3s k°atcu”a 1d→3s hk°atcunka

1d→3ns k°atcuci”a 1d→3ns hk°atcuncinka

1p→3s k°attumka 1p→3s hk°attiminka

1p→3ns k°attumchmka 1p→3ns hk°attimincinka

id→3s k°atcu id→3s hk°atcun

id→3ns k°atcuci id→3ns hk°atcuncin

ip→3s k°attum ip→3s hk°attimin

ip→3ns k°attumchm ip→3ns hk°attimincin

2s→1s thk°atKa 2s→1s thk°atnhK

2s→1d thk°atni(n) 2s→1d thk°atniminin

2s→3s thk°attu 2s→3s thk°atnan

2s→3ns thk°attuci 2s→3ns thk°atnancin 2d→1s thk°atKaKchK 2d→1s thk°atnhKchK

2d→3s thk°atcu 2d→3s thk°atnancin

2d→3ns thk°atcuci 2d→3ns thk°atnancinan 2p→1s thk°atKaKnhK 2p→1s thk°atnhKmhnhK

2p→3s thk°attum 2p→3s thk°atnaminin

2p→3ns thk°attumcum 2p→3ns thk°atnannimincin

3s→1s hk°atKa 3s→1s hk°atnhK

3s→1d (n)hk°attaci”a 3s→1d nhk°atcinka 3s→1p (n)hk°attinka 3s→1p nhk°attiminka

3s→id nhk°atci 3s→id nhk°atcin

3s→ip mhk°at 3s→ip mhk°atnin

3s→2s nhk°at 3s→2s nhk°atnan

3s→2d nhk°atci 3s→2d nhk°atnancin

3s→2p nhk°attin 3s→2p nhk°atnaminin

3s→3s k°attu 3s→3s hk°attun

3s→3ns k°attuci 3s→3ns hk°attuncin

3d→1s hk°atKaKchK 3d→1s hk°atnhKchK 3d→1d nhk°attaci”a 3d→1d nhk°atcinka 3d→1p nhk°attinka 3d→1p nhk°attiminka

3d→3s hk°atcu 3d→3s hk°atcun

3d→3ns hk°atcuci 3d→3ns hk°atcuncin

3p→1s nhk°atKa 3p→1s nhk°atnhK

3p→3s hk°at 3p→3s nhk°attun

3p→3ns mhk°attuci 3p→3ns nhk°attuncin

Past affirmative Past negative

1s→2s k°atna 1s→2s mank°atdana

1s→2d k°atnaci 1s→2d mank°atdanaci 1s→2p k°atnanin 1s→2p mank°atdananin

1s→3s k°attuK 1s→3s mank°atdoK

1s→3ns k°attuKchK 1s→3ns mank°atdoKchK

1d→2s k°atni 1d→2s mank°atdanin

1d→3s k°attacu”a 1d→3s mank°atdacu”a 1d→3ns k°attacuci 1d→3ns mank°atdacuci”a 1p→3s k°attumka 1p→3s mank°atdomka 1p→3ns k°attumchmka 1p→3ns mank°atdomchmka

id→3s k°attacu id→3s mank°atdacu

id→3ns k°attacuci id→3ns mank°atdacuci

ip→3s k°attum ip→3s mank°atdom

ip→3ns k°attumchm ip→3ns mank°atdomchm 2s→1s thk°attaK 2s→1s mank°at thdaK 2s→1d thk°atnin 2s→1d mank°at thdanin 2s→3s thk°attu 2s→3s mank°at thdo 2s→3ns thk°attuci 2s→3ns mank°at thdoci 2d→1s thk°attaKchK 2d→1s mank°at thdaKchK 2d→3s thk°attacu 2d→3s mank°at thdacu 2d→3ns thk°attacuci 2d→3ns mank°at thdacuci 2p→1s thk°attaKnhK 2p→1s mank°atthdaKnhK 2p→3s thk°attum 2p→3s mank°at thdom 2p→3ns thk°attumchm 2p→3ns mank°at thdomchm

3s→1s hk°attaK 3s→1s mank°at hdaK 3s→1d nhk°attaci”a 3s→1d mank°at nhdaci”a 3s→1p nhk°attinka 3s→1p mank°at nhdanka 3s→id nhk°attaci 3s→id mank°at nhdaci

3s→ip mhk°atta 3s→ip mank°at mhda

3s→2s nhk°atta 3s→2s mank°at nhda 3s→2d nhk°attaci 3s→2d mank°at nhdaci 3s→2p nhk°attin 3s→2p mank°at nhdan

3s→3s k°attu 3s→3s mank°atdo

3s→3ns k°attuci 3s→3ns mank°atdoci 3d→1s hk°attaKchK 3d→1s mank°at hdaKchK 3d→1d nhk°attaci”a 3d→1d mank°at nhdaci”a 3d→1p nhk°attinka 3d→1p mank°at nhdanka 3d→3s hk°attacu 3d→3s mank°at hdacu 3d→3ns hk°attacuci 3d→3ns mank°at hdacuci 3p→1s nhk°attaK 3p→1s mank°at nhdaK

3p→3s hk°atta 3p→3s mank°at hda

3p→3ns mhk°attuci 3p→3ns mank°at mhdoci

Progressive paradigms

Non-past affirmative Non-past negative

1s→2s k°atnaKna 1s→2s hk°atnanan

1s→2d k°atnaKnaci 1s→2d hk°atnanancin 1s→2p k°atnaKnanin 1s→2p hk°atnamininin

1s→3s k°attuKyuK 1s→3s hk°atnhKnhK

1s→3ns k°attuKyuKchK 1s→3ns hk°atnhKnhKchK

1d→2s k°atniKni 1d→2s hk°atniKnin

1d→3s k°atcuKcu”a 1d→3s hk°atcuncunka

1d→3ns k°atcuKcuci”a 1d→3ns hk°atcuncuncinka 1p→3s k°attumyumka 1p→3s hk°attimiminka 1p→3ns k°attumyumchmka 1p→3ns hk°attumiminka

id→3s k°atcuKcu id→3s hk°atcuncun

id→3ns k°atcuKcuci id→3ns hk°atcuncuncin

ip→3s k°attumyum ip→3s hk°attimimin

ip→3ns k°attumyumchm ip→3ns hk°attumimincin

2s→1s thk°atKaKa 2s→1s thk°atnhKnhK

2s→1d thk°atniKni 2s→1d thk°atnimininin

2s→3s thk°attuKo 2s→3s thk°atnanan

2s→3ns thk°attuKoci 2s→3ns thk°atnanancin 2d→1s thk°atKaKaKchK 2d→1s thk°atnhKnhKchK 2d→3s thk°atcuKcu 2d→3s thk°atnancinan 2d→3ns thk°atcuKcuci 2d→3ns thk°atnanancin 2p→1s thk°atKaKaKnhK 2p→1s thk°atnhKnhmhKnhK 2p→3s thk°attumyum 2p→3s thk°atnamininin 2p→3ns thk°attumyumcum 2p→3ns thk°atna(n)mininincin

3s→1s hk°atKaKa 3s→1s hk°atnhKnhK

3s→1d nhk°atciKci 3s→1d nhk°atcincinka 3s→1p nhk°attinyinka 3s→1p nhk°attinmiminka 3s→id nhk°atciKci 3s→id nhk°atcincin

3s→ip mhk°atyaK 3s→ip mhk°atninin

3s→2s nhk°atyaK 3s→2s nhk°atnanan

3s→2d nhk°atciKci 3s→2d nhk°atnanancin 3s→2p nhk°attinyin 3s→2p nhk°atnanimimin

3s→3s k°attuKu 3s→3s hk°attunyun

3s→3ns k°attuKuci 3s→3ns hk°attunyuncin 3d→1s hk°atKaKaKchK 3d→1s hk°atnhKnhKchK 3d→1d nhk°atciKci 3d→1d nhk°atcincinka 3d→1p nhk°attinyinka 3d→1p nhk°attinmiminka

3d→3s hk°atcuKcu 3d→3s hk°atcuncun

3d→3ns hk°atcuKcuci 3d→3ns hk°atcuncuncin

3p→1s nhk°atKaKa 3p→1s nhk°atnhKnhK

3p→3s hk°atyaK 3p→3s nhk°attunyun

3p→3ns mhk°attuKuci 3p→3ns nhk°attunyuncin

Past affirmative Past negative

1s→2s k°atnaKna 1s→2s mank°atdanaKna 1s→2d k°atnaKnaci 1s→2d mank°atdanaKnaci 1s→2p k°atnaKnanin 1s→2p mank°atdanaKnanin 1s→3s k°attuKyuK 1s→3s mank°atdoKyuK 1s→3ns k°attuKyuKchK 1s→3ns mank°atdoKyuKchK 1d→2s k°atniKni 1d→2s mank°atdaninin 1d→3s k°attaKacu”a 1d→3s mank°atdaKacu”a 1d→3ns k°attaKacuci”a 1d→3ns mank°atdaKacuci”a 1p→3s k°attumyumka 1p→3s mank°atdomyumka 1p→3ns k°attumyumchmka 1p→3ns mank°atdomyumchmka

id→3s k°attaKacu id→3s mank°atdaKacu id→3ns k°attaKacuci id→3ns mank°atdaKacuci ip→3s k°attumyum ip→3s mank°atdomyum ip→3ns k°attumyumchm ip→3ns mank°atdomyumchm 2s→1s thk°attaKyaK 2s→1s mank°at thdaKyaK 2s→1d thk°atniKnin 2s→1d mank°at thdaninin 2s→3s thk°attuKu 2s→3s mank°at thdoKu 2s→3ns thk°attuKuci 2s→3ns mank°at thdoKuci 2d→1s thk°attaKyaKchK 2d→1s mank°at thdaKyaKchK 2d→3s thk°attaKacu 2d→3s mank°at thdaKacu 2d→3ns thk°attaKacuci 2d→3ns mank°at thdaKacuci 2p→1s thk°attaKyaKnhK 2p→1s mank°at thdaKyaKnhK 2p→3s thk°attumyum 2p→3s mank°at thdomyum 2p→3ns thk°attumyumcum 2p→3ns mank°at thdomyumchm

3s→1s hk°attaKyaK 3s→1s mank°at hdaKyaK 3s→1d (n)hk°attaKaci”a 3s→1d mank°at (n)hdaKaci”a 3s→1p nhk°attinyinka 3s→1p mank°at nhdanyinka 3s→id nhk°attaKaci 3s→id mank°at nhdaciKci 3s→ip mhk°attaKa 3s→ip mank°at mhdayaK 3s→2s nhk°attaKa 3s→2s mank°at nhdaKa 3s→2d nhk°attaKaci 3s→2d mank°at nhdaKaci 3s→2p nhk°attinyin 3s→2p mank°at nhdanyin

3s→3s k°attuKu 3s→3s mank°atdoKu

3s→3ns k°attuKuci 3s→3ns mank°atdoKuci 3d→1s hk°attaKyanchK 3d→1s mank°at hdaKyaKchK 3d→1d nhk°attaKaci”a 3d→1d mank°at nhdaKaci”a 3d→1p nhk°attinyinka 3d→1p mank°at nhdanyinka 3d→3s hk°atcuKcu 3d→3s mank°at hdaKacu 3d→3ns hk°atcuKcuci 3d→3ns mank°at hdaKacuci 3p→1s nhk°attaKyaK 3p→1s mank°at nhdaKyaK 3p→3s hk°attaKa 3p→3s mank°at hdaKa 3p→3ns mhk°attuKuci 3p→3ns mank°at mhdoKuci

B.10 `To eat'

Non-past affirmative Non-past negative

1s→2s cana 1s→2s hcanan

1s→2d canaci 1s→2d hcanancin

1s→2p cananin 1s→2p hcananimin

1s→3s caK 1s→3s hcanhK

1s→3ns caKchK 1s→3ns hcanhKchK

1d→2s canin 1d→2s hcanin

1d→3s cacu”a 1d→3s hcacunka

1d→3ns cacuci”a 1d→3ns hcacuncinka

1p→3s camka 1p→3s hcaminka

1p→3ns camchmka 1p→3ns hcamincinka

id→3s cacuci id→3s hcacun

id→3ns cacuci id→3ns hcacuncin

ip→3s cam ip→3s hcamin

ip→3ns camchm ip→3ns hcamincin

2s→1s thcaKa 2s→1s thcanhK

2s→1d thcanin 2s→1d thcanimin

2s→3s thca 2s→3s thcanan

2s→3ns thcaci 2s→3ns thcanancin

2d→1s thcaKachK 2d→1s thcanhKchK

2d→3s thcacu 2d→3s thcanancin

2d→3ns thcacuKcuci 2d→3ns thcanancin

2p→1s thcaKanhK 2p→1s thcanhKmhnhK

2p→3s thcam 2p→3s thcanaminin

2p→3ns thcamchm 2p→3ns thcanaminincin

3s→1s hcaKa 3s→1s hcanhK

3s→1d nhcaci”a 3s→1d nhcacinka

3s→1p nhcanka 3s→1p nhcaminka

3s→id nhcaci 3s→id nhcacin

3s→ip mhca 3s→ip mhcanin

3s→2s nhca 3s→2s nhcanan

3s→2d nhcaci 3s→2d nhcanancin

3s→2p nhcan 3s→2p nhcananimin

3s→3s ca 3s→3s hcan

3s→3ns caci 3s→3ns hcancin

3d→1s hcaKachK 3d→1s hcanhKchK

3d→1d nhcaci”a 3d→1d nhcacinka

3d→1p nhcanka 3d→1p nhcaminka

3d→3s hcacu 3d→3s hcacun

3d→3ns hcacuci 3d→3ns hcacuncin

3p→1s nhcaKa 3p→1s nhcanhK

3p→3s hca 3p→3s nhcan

3p→3ns mhcaci 3p→3ns nhcancin

Past affirmative Past negative

1s→2s cana 1s→2s mancadana

1s→2d canaci 1s→2d mancadanaci

1s→2p cananin 1s→2p mancadananin

1s→3s coK 1s→3s mancadoK

1s→3ns coKchK 1s→3ns mancadoKchK

1d→2s canin 1d→2s mancadanin

1d→3s cacu”a 1d→3s mancadacua

1d→3ns cacuci”a 1d→3ns mancadacuci”a

1p→3s comka 1p→3s mancadomka

1p→3ns comchmka 1p→3ns mancadomchmka

id→3s cacu id→3s mancadacu

id→3ns cacuci id→3ns mancadacuci

ip→3s com ip→3s mancadom

ip→3ns comchm ip→3ns mancadomchm

2s→1s thcaK 2s→1s manca thdaK

2s→1d thcanin 2s→1d manca thdanin

2s→3s thco 2s→3s manca thdo

2s→3ns thcoci 2s→3ns manca thdoci 2d→1s thcaKchK 2d→1s manca thdaKchK

2d→3s thcacu 2d→3s manca thdacu

2d→3ns thcacuci 2d→3ns manca thdacuci 2p→1s thcaKnhK 2p→1s manca thdaKnhK

2p→3s thcom 2p→3s manca thdom

2p→3ns thcomchm 2p→3ns manca thdomchm

3s→1s hcaK 3s→1s manca hdaK

3s→1d nhcaci”a 3s→1d manca nhdaci”a

3s→1p nhcanka 3s→1p manca nhdanka

3s→id nhcaci 3s→id manca nhdaci

3s→ip mhca 3s→ip manca mhda

3s→2s nhca 3s→2s manca nhda

3s→2d nhcaci 3s→2d manca nhdaci

3s→2p nhcan 3s→2p manca nhdan

3s→3s co 3s→3s mancado

3s→3ns coci 3s→3ns mancadoci

3d→1s hcaKchK 3d→1s manca hdaKchK

3d→1d nhcaci”a 3d→1d manca nhdaci”a

3d→1p nhcanka 3d→1p manca nhdanka

3d→3s hcacu 3d→3s manca hdacu

3d→3ns hcacuci 3d→3ns manca hdacuci

3p→1s nhcaK 3p→1s manca nhdaK

3p→3s hca 3p→3s manca hda

3p→3ns mhcoci 3p→3ns manca mhdoci

Progressive paradigms

Non-past affirmative Past affirmative

1s→2s canaKna 1s→2s canaKna

1s→2d canaKnaci 1s→2d canaKnaci

1s→2p canaKnanin 1s→2p canaKnanin

1s→3s caKyuK 1s→3s coKyhK

1s→3ns caKyuKchK 1s→3ns coKyhKchK

1d→2s caniKni 1d→2s caniKni

1d→3s cacuKcu”a 1d→3s caKacu”a

1d→3ns cacuKcuci”a 1d→3ns caKacuci”a

1p→3s camyumka 1p→3s comyomka

1p→3ns camyuKchmka 1p→3ns comyhmchmka

id→3s cacuKcu id→3s caKacu

id→3ns cacuKcuci id→3ns caKacuci

ip→3s camyum ip→3s comyom

ip→3ns camyuKchm ip→3ns comyhmchm

2s→1s thcaKaKa 2s→1s thcaKyaK

2s→1d thcaniKni 2s→1d thcaniKni

2s→3s thcaKu 2s→3s thcoKu

2s→3ns thcaKuci 2s→3ns thcoKuci

2d→1s thcaKaKaKchK 2d→1s thcaKyaKchK

2d→3s thcacuKcu 2d→3s thcaKacu

2d→3ns thcacuKcuci 2d→3ns thcaKacuci 2p→1s thcaKaKaKnhK 2p→1s thcaKyaKnhK

2p→3s thcamyum 2p→3s thcomyhm

2p→3ns thcamyumchm 2p→3ns thcomyhmchm

3s→1s hcaKaKa 3s→1s hcaKyaK

3s→1d nhcaciKci”a 3s→1d nhcaKaci”a

3s→1p nhcanyinka 3s→1p nhcanyinka

3s→id nhcaciKci 3s→id nhcaKaci

3s→ip mhcayaK 3s→ip mhcaKa

3s→2s nhcayaK 3s→2s nhcaKa

3s→2d nhcaciKci 3s→2d nhcaKaci

3s→2p nhcanyin 3s→2p nhcanyin

3s→3s caKu 3s→3s coKu

3s→3ns caKuci 3s→3ns hcaKacu

3d→1s hcaKaKachK 3d→1s hcaKyaKchK

3d→1d nhcaciKci”a 3d→1d nhcaKaci”a

3d→1p nhcanyinka 3d→1p nhcanyinka

3d→3s hcacuKcu 3d→3s coKuci

3d→3ns hcacuKcuci 3d→3ns hcaKacuci

3p→1s nhcaKaKa 3p→1s nhcaKyaK

3p→3s hcayaK 3p→3s hcaKa

3p→3ns mhcaKuci 3p→3ns mhcoKuci

B.11 `To forget'

Non-past affirmative Non-past negative

1s→2s manna k°anna 1s→2s hmannan k°annan 1s→2d manna k°annaci 1s→2d hmannan k°annancin 1s→2p manna k°annanin 1s→2p hmannan k°annanimin 1s→3s mantuK k°a)suK 1s→3s hmannhK k°annhK 1s→3ns mantuK k°a)suKchK 1s→3ns hmannhK k°annhKchK 1d→2s manni k°anni 1d→2s hmannin k°annin 1d→3s mancu k°ancu”a 1d→3s hmancun k°ancunka 1d→3ns mancu k°ancuci”a 1d→3ns hmancun k°ancuncinka 1p→3s mantum k°a)sumka 1p→3s hmantin k°ansiminka 1p→3ns mantum k°a)sumcumka 1p→3ns hmantin k°a)simincinka

id→3s mancu k°ancu id→3s hmancun k°ancun id→3ns mancu k°ancuci id→3ns hmancun k°ancuncin ip→3s mantum k°a)sum ip→3s hmantin k°a)simin ip→3ns mantum k°a)sumcum ip→3ns hmantin k°a)simincin 2s→1s thmanKa k°anKa 2s→1s thmannhK k°annhK 2s→1d thmannin k°annin 2s→1d thmannan k°annaminin 2s→3s thmantu k°a)su 2s→3s thmannan k°annan 2s→3ns thmantu k°a)suci 2s→3ns thmannan k°annancin 2d→1s thmanKa k°anKaKchK 2d→1s thmannhK k°annhKchK 2d→3s thmancu k°ancu 2d→3s thmannan k°annancin 2d→3ns thmancu k°ancuci 2d→3ns thmannan k°annancinan 2p→1s thmanKa k°anKaKnhK 2p→1s thmannhK k°annhKmhnhK 2p→3s thmantum k°a)sum 2p→3s thmannan k°annanminin 2p→3ns thmantum k°a)sumcum 2p→3ns thmannan k°annanminincin

3s→1s hmanKa k°anKa 3s→1s hmannhK k°annhK 3s→1d nhmanci k°anci”a 3s→1d nhmancin k°ancinka 3s→1p nhmantin k°a)sinka 3s→1p nhmantin k°a)siminka 3s→id nhmanci k°anci 3s→id nhmannan k°annancin

3s→ip mhmank°an 3s→ip mhmannin k°annin

3s→2s nhmank°an 3s→2s nhmannan k°annan

3s→2d nhmanci k°anci 3s→2d nhmannan k°annancin 3s→2p nhmannin k°annin 3s→2p nhmannin k°anniminin 3s→3s mantu k°a)su 3s→3s hmantun k°a)sun 3s→3ns mantu k°a)suci 3s→3ns hmantun k°a)suncin 3d→1s hmanKa k°anKaKchK 3d→1s hmannhK k°annhKchK 3d→1d nhmanci k°anci”a 3d→1d nhmancin k°ancinka 3d→1p nhmantin k°a)sinka 3d→1p nhmantin k°a)siminka 3d→3s hmancu k°ancu 3d→3s hmancun k°ancun 3d→3ns hmancu k°ancuci 3d→3ns hmancun k°ancuncin 3p→1s nhmanKa k°anKa 3p→1s nhmannhK k°annhK

3p→3s hmank°an 3p→3s nhmantun k°a)sun

3p→3ns mhmantu k°a)suci 3p→3ns nhmantun k°a)suncin

Past affirmative Past negative

1s→2s manna k°anna 1s→2s manmank°andana 1s→2d manna k°annaci 1s→2d manmank°andanaci 1s→2p manna k°annanin 1s→2p manmank°andananin 1s→3s mantuK k°a)suK 1s→3s manmank°andoK 1s→3ns mantuK k°a)suKchK 1s→3ns manmank°andoKchK 1d→2s manni k°anni 1d→2s manmank°andanin 1d→3s manta k°a)sacu”a 1d→3s manmank°andacu”a 1d→3ns manta k°a)sacuci”a 1d→3ns manmank°andacuci”a 1p→3s mantum k°a)sumka 1p→3s manmank°andomka 1p→3ns mantum k°a)sumchmka 1p→3ns manmank°andomchmka

id→3s manta k°a)sacu id→3s manmank°andacu id→3ns manta k°a)sacuci id→3ns manmank°andacuci”a ip→3s mantum k°a)sum ip→3s manmank°andom ip→3ns mantum k°a)sumchm ip→3ns manmank°andomchm 2s→1s thmantaK k°a)saK 2s→1s manmank°an thdaK 2s→1d thmannin k°annin 2s→1d manmank°an thdanin 2s→3s thmantu k°a)su 2s→3s manmank°an thdo 2s→3ns thmantu k°aisuci 2s→3ns manmank°an thdoci 2d→1s thmantaK k°a)saKchK 2d→1s manmank°an thdaKchK 2d→3s thmanta k°a)sacu 2d→3s manmank°an thdacu 2d→3ns thmanta k°a)sacuci 2d→3ns manmank°an thdacuci 2p→1s thmantaK k°a)saKnhK 2p→1s manmank°an thdaKnhK 2p→3s thmantum k°a)sum 2p→3s manmank°an thdom 2p→3ns thmantum k°a)sumchm 2p→3ns manmank°an thdomchm

3s→1s hmantaK k°a)saK 3s→1s manmank°an hdaK 3s→1d nhmanta k°a)saci”a 3s→1d manmank°an nhdaci”a 3s→1p nhmantin k°a)sinka 3s→1p manmank°an nhdanka 3s→id nhmanta k°a)saci 3s→id manmank°an nhdaci 3s→ip mhmanta k°a)sa 3s→ip manmank°an mhda 3s→2s nhmanta k°a)sa 3s→2s manmank°an nhda 3s→2d nhmanta k°a)saci 3s→2d manmank°an nhdaci 3s→2p nhmantin k°a)sin 3s→2p manmank°an nhdan

3s→3s mantu k°a)su 3s→3s manmank°ando

3s→3ns mantu k°a)suci 3s→3ns manmank°andoci 3d→1s hmantaK k°a)saKchK 3d→1s manmank°an hdaKchK 3d→1d nhmanta k°a)saci”a 3d→1d manmank°an nhdaci”a 3d→1p nhmantin k°a)sinka 3d→1p manmank°an nhdanka 3d→3s hmantak°a)sacu 3d→3s manmank°an hdacu 3d→3ns hmantak°a)sacuci 3d→3ns manmank°an hdacuci 3p→1s nhmantaK k°a)saK 3p→1s manmank°an nhdaK 3p→3s hmantak°a)sa 3p→3s manmank°an hda 3p→3ns mhmantu k°a)suci 3p→3ns manmank°an mhdoci

Progressive paradigms

Non-past affirmative Non-past negative

1s→2s manna k°annaKna 1s→2s hmannan k°annanan 1s→2d manna k°annaKnaci 1s→2d hmannan k°annanancin 1s→2p manna k°annaKnanin 1s→2p hmannan k°annamininin 1s→3s mantuK k°a)suKyuK 1s→3s hmannhK k°annhKnhK 1s→3ns mantuK k°a)suKyuKchK 1s→3ns hmannhK k°annhKnhKchK 1d→2s mannin k°anninin 1d→2s hmannin k°annimimin 1d→3s mancu k°ancuKcu”a 1d→3s hmancun k°ancuncunka 1d→3ns mancu k°ancuKcuci”a 1d→3ns hmancun k°ancuncuncinka 1p→3s mantum k°a)sumyumka 1p→3s hmantin k°ansimiminka 1p→3ns mantum k°a)sumyumcumka 1p→3ns hmantin k°ansimimincinka

id→3s mancu k°ancuKcu id→3s hmancun k°ancuncun id→3ns mancu k°ancuKcuci id→3ns hmancun k°ancuncuncin ip→3s mantum k°a)sumyum ip→3s hmantin k°ansimimin ip→3ns mantum k°a)sumyumcum ip→3ns hmantin k°ansimimincin 2s→1s thmanKa k°anKaKa 2s→1s thmannhK k°annhKnhK 2s→1d thmannin k°anninin 2s→1d thmannin k°annimimin 2s→3s thmantu k°a)suKu 2s→3s thmannan k°annanan 2s→3ns thmantu k°a)suKuci 2s→3ns thmannan k°annanancin 2d→1s thmanKa k°anKaKaKchK 2d→1s thmannhK k°annhKnhKchK 2d→3s thmancu k°ancuKcu 2d→3s thmannan k°annancinan 2d→3ns thmancu k°ancuKcuci 2d→3ns thmannan k°annanancin 2p→1s thmanKa k°anKaKaKnhK 2p→1s thmannhK k°annhKnhmhKnhK 2p→3s thmantum k°a)sumyum 2p→3s thmannan k°annamininin 2p→3ns thmantum k°a)sumyumcum 2p→3ns thmannan k°anna(n)mininincin

3s→1s hmanKa k°anKaKa 3s→1s hmannhK k°annhKnhK 3s→1d nhmanci k°anciKci”a 3s→1d nhmancin k°ancincinka 3s→1p nhmantin k°a)sinyinka 3s→1p nhmantin k°a)sinmiminka 3s→id nhmanci k°anciKci 3s→id nhmancin k°ancincin

3s→ip mhmank°anyaK 3s→ip mhmannin k°anninin

3s→2s nhmank°anyaK 3s→2s nhmannan k°annanan

3s→2d nhmanci k°anciKci 3s→2d nhmannan k°annanancin 3s→2p nhmannin k°anninyin 3s→2p nhmannin k°annimiminin 3s→3s mantu k°a)suKu 3s→3s hmantun k°a)sunyun 3s→3ns mantu k°a)suKuci 3s→3ns hmantun k°a)sunyuncin 3d→1s hmanKa k°anKaKaKchK 3d→1s hmannhK k°annhKnhKchK 3d→1d nhmanci k°anciKci”a 3d→1d nhmancin k°ancincinka 3d→1p nhmantin k°a)sinyinka 3d→1p nhmantin k°a)sinmiminka 3d→3s hmancu k°ancuKcu 3d→3s hmantun k°ancuncun 3d→3ns hmantu k°ancuKcuci 3d→3ns hmantun k°ancuncuncin 3p→1s thmanKa k°anKaKa 3p→1s nhmannhK k°annhKnhK

3p→3s hmank°anyaK 3p→3s nhmantun k°a)sunyun

3p→3ns mhmantu k°a)suKuci 3p→3ns nhmantun k°a)sunyuncin

Past affirmative Past negative

1s→2s manna k°annaKna 1s→2s manmank°an danaKna 1s→2d manna k°annaKnaci 1s→2d manmank°an danaKnaci 1s→2p manna k°annaKnanin 1s→2p manmank°an danaKnanin 1s→3s mantuK k°a)suKyuK 1s→3s manmank°andoKyuK 1s→3ns mantuK k°a)suKyuKchK 1s→3ns manmank°andoKyuKchK 1d→2s manni k°anniKni 1d→2s manmank°an daninin 1d→3s manta k°a)saKacu”a 1d→3s manmank°andaKacu”a 1d→3ns manta k°a)saKacuci”a 1d→3ns manmank°andaKacuci”a 1p→3s mantum k°a)sumyumka 1p→3s manmank°andomyumka 1p→3ns mantum k°a)sumyumchmka 1p→3ns manmank°andomyumchmka

id→3s manta k°a)saKacu id→3s manmank°andaKacu id→3ns manta k°a)saKacuci id→3ns manmank°andaKacuci ip→3s mantum k°a)sumyum ip→3s manmank°andomyum ip→3ns mantum k°a)sumyumchm ip→3ns manmank°andomyumchm 2s→1s thmantaK k°a)saKyaK 2s→1s manmank°an thyukKaKa 2s→1d thmannin k°anninin 2s→1d manmank°an thdaninin 2s→3s thmantu k°a)suKu 2s→3s manmank°an thdoKu 2s→3ns thmantu k°a)suKuci 2s→3ns manmank°an thdoKuci 2d→1s thmantaK k°a)saKyhKchK 2d→1s manmank°an thdoKyaKchK 2d→3s thmanta k°a)saKacu 2d→3s manmank°an thdaKacu 2d→3ns thmanta k°a)saKacuci 2d→3ns manmank°an thdaKacuci 2p→1s thmantaK k°a)saKyaKnhK 2p→1s manmank°an thdaKyaKnhK 2p→3s thmantum k°a)sumyum 2p→3s manmank°an thdomyum 2p→3ns thmantum k°a)sumyumcum 2p→3ns manmank°an thdomyumchm

3s→1s hmantaK k°a)saKyaK 3s→1s manmank°an hdaKyaK 3s→1d (n)hmanta k°a)saKaci”a 3s→1d manmank°an (n)hdaKaci”a 3s→1p nhmantin k°a)sinyinka 3s→1p manmank°an nhdanyinka 3s→id nhmanta k°a)saKaci 3s→id manmank°an nhdaciKci 3s→ip mhmanta k°a)saKa 3s→ip manmank°an mhdayaK 3s→2s nhmanta k°a)saKa 3s→2s manmank°an nhdayaK 3s→2d nhmanta k°a)saKaci 3s→2d manmank°an nhdaciKci 3s→2p nhmanta k°a)saKanin 3s→2p manmank°an nhdaninyin

3s→3s mantu k°a)suKu 3s→3s manmank°andoKu

3s→3ns mantu k°a)suKuci 3s→3ns manmank°andoKuci 3d→1s hmantaK k°a)saKyhKchK 3d→1s manmank°an hdaKyaKchK 3d→1d nhmanta k°a)saKaci”a 3d→1d manmank°an nhdaKaci”a 3d→1p nhmantin k°a)sinyinka 3d→1p manmank°an nhdanyinka 3d→3s hmancu k°ancuKcu 3d→3s manmank°an hdaKacu 3d→3ns hmancu k°ancuKcuci 3d→3ns manmank°an hdaKacuci 3p→1s nhmantaK k°a)saKyaK 3p→1s manmank°an nhdaKyaK 3p→3s hmanta k°a)saKa 3p→3s manmank°an hdaKa 3p→3ns mhmantu k°a)suKuci 3p→s3d manmank°an mhdoKuci

Reflexive paradigms (`to forget oneself')

NPPNPNPTPPTN 1smanKak°anKaKchKhmannhKk°annhKchKmantaKk°a)saKchKmanmank°andaKchK 1dmancik°ancici”ahmancink°ancincinkamantak°a)sacici”amanmank°andacici”a 1pmantink°a)sincinkahmantink°a)simincinkamantink°a)sincinkamanmank°andancinka 2sthmannank°annancinthmannank°annancininthmantank°a)sancinmanmank°anthdancin 2dthmancik°ancicithmannank°annancinintimantak°a)sacicimanmank°anthdacici 2pthmantink°a)sincinthmannank°annanminincinthmantink°a)sincinmanmank°anthdanincin 3smannank°annancinhmannink°annincinmantank°a)sancinmanmank°andancin 3dmancik°ancicihmancink°ancincinmantak°a)sacicimanmank°andacici 3pmhmannank°annancinnhmannink°annincinmhmantank°a)sancinmanmank°anmhdancin

Progressive reflexive paradigms (`to forget oneself')

NPNPNPTPTN 1smanKaKk°anKaKaKchK/hmannhKk°annhKnhKchKmantaKk°a)saKyaKchKmanmank°andaKyhKchK manKak°anKaKaKchK 1dmancik°anciKcici”ahmancink°ancincincinkamantak°a)saKacici”amanmank°andaKacici”a 1pmantink°a)sinyincinkahmantink°a)simimincinkamantink°a)sinyincinkamanmank°andanyincinka 2sthmannank°annanancinthmannank°annanancinanthmantank°a)sanyancinmanmank°anthdancinyin 2dthmancik°anciKcicithmannank°annanancinanthmantak°a)saKacicimanmank°anthdaKacici 2pthmantink°a)sinyincinthmannank°annanmininincinthmantink°a)sinyincinmanmank°anthdaninyincin 3smannank°annanancinhmannink°anninyincinmantank°a)sanyancinmanmank°andanyancin 3dmancik°anciKcicihmancink°anci(n)cincinmantak°a)saKacicimanmank°andaKacici 3pmhmannank°annanancinnhmannink°aninyincinmhmantank°a)sanyancinmanmank°anmhdanyancin

Non-Finite forms (reflexive and simple)

INF refl manman k°anmancin to forget yourself INF refl NEG manmank°an damancin to not forget yourself

mank°anyancinsa k°ara forgetting yourself, go!

SUP mank°ansi k°ara go forget!

IMP refl mantan k°a)sancin forget yourself!

SIM mank°anyaKsa k°ara forgetting, go SIM refl mank°ancinsa k°ara go forgetting!

SUP refl mank°ancinsi k°ara go forget yourself!