• No results found

Archaeology and the application of artificial intelligence : case-studies on use-wear analysis of prehistoric flint tools Dries, M.H. van den

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Archaeology and the application of artificial intelligence : case-studies on use-wear analysis of prehistoric flint tools Dries, M.H. van den"

Copied!
8
0
0

Bezig met laden.... (Bekijk nu de volledige tekst)

Hele tekst

(1)

Archaeology and the application of artificial intelligence : case-studies on

use-wear analysis of prehistoric flint tools

Dries, M.H. van den

Citation

Dries, M. H. van den. (1998, January 21). Archaeology and the application of artificial intelligence :

case-studies on use-wear analysis of prehistoric flint tools. Retrieved from

https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13148

Version:

Corrected Publisher’s Version

License:

Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional

Repository of the University of Leiden

Downloaded from:

https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13148

(2)

Adriaans, P. & D. Zantinge 1996. Data mining. Harlow.

Ahler, S.A. 1979. Functional analysis of nonobsidian chipped stone artifacts: terms, variables and quantification, in: B. Hayden (ed.), Lithic use-wear analysis, 301-328. New York.

Aldenderfer, M.S. 1987. Assessing the impact of quantitative thinking on archaeological research: historical and evolutionary insights, in: M.S. Aldenderfer (ed.), Quantitative research in archaeology: progress and prospects, 9-29. London. Alty, J.L. 1989. Expert system building tools, in: G. Guida & C. Tasso (eds.), Topics in expert system design: Methodologies and tools, 181-204. Amsterdam.

Akoshima, K. 1987. Microflaking quantification, in: G. de G. Sieve-king & M.H. Newcomer (eds.), The human uses of flint and chert, Proceedings of the fourth international flint symposium held at Brighton Polytechnic 10-15 april 1983, 73-79. Cambridge. Andersen, H. & H. Whitlow 1983. Wear traces and patination on Danish flint artifacts, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research 218, 468-474.

Anderson, P.C. 1980. A testimony of prehistoric tasks: diagnostic residues on stone tool working edges, World Archaeology 12, 181-194.

Anderson, P.C., S. Beyries, M. Otte & H. Plisson (eds). 1993. Traces et fonction: Les gestes retrouvés, Actes du colloque interna-tional de Liège 8-9-10 décembre 1990 (= ERAUL 50). Liège. Baker, K.G. 1986. Expert systems: a case of look before you leap, Archaeological Computing Newsletter 6, 14-17.

Baker, K.G. 1987. Red flag or red herring ? The problem of fossili-sation in archaeological expert systems, Archaeological Computing Newsletter 12, 20-24.

Baker, K.G. 1988. Towards an archaeological methodology for expert systems, in: C.L.N. Ruggles & S.P.Q. Rahtz (eds.), Computer and quantitative methods in archaeology 1987 (= BAR International Series 393), 229-236. Oxford.

Bamforth, D.B. 1988. Investigating microwear polishes with blind tests: the institute results in context, Journal of Archaeological Science 15, 11-24.

Banforth, D.B., G.R. Burns & C. Woodman 1990. Ambiguous use traces and blind test results: new data, Journal of Archaeological Science 17, 413-430.

Barceló, J.A. 1991. Programming an intelligent database in hyper-text, in: K. Lockyear & S. Rahtz (eds.), Computer applications and quantitative methods in archaeology 1990 (= BAR International Series 565), 21-27. Oxford.

Barceló, J.A. 1992. Computer-based techniques for the representa-tion of automatic problem-solving in archaeology, in: J. Andresen, T. Madsen & I. Scollar (eds.), Computing the past: computer applica-tions and quantitative methods in archaeology 1992, 239- 249. Aarhus. Barceló, J.A. 1996. Heuristic classification and fuzzy sets. New tools for archaeological typologies, in: H. Kamermans & K. Fennema (eds.), Interfacing the past: Computer applications and quantitative methods in archaeology 1995, 155-164. Leiden.

Bauche, R. 1986. Die Anwendung von Rauheitsmessungen bei der Untersuchung von Neolithischen Mahl- und Schleifsteinen, in: L.R. Owen & G. Unrath (eds.), Technical aspects of microwear studies on stone tools, (= Early Man News 9/10/11), 51-67. Tübingen. Beyries, S. 1982. Comparaison de traces d'utilisation sur differentes roches siliceuses, Studia Praehistorica Belgica 2, 235-240. Bietti, A., S. Morganti & L. Zanello 1994. Image processing in microwear analysis of prehistoric flint artefacts: an attempt at quantifying textural properties, in: I. Johnson (ed.), Methods in the mountains: proceedings of UISPP Commision IV meeting, Mount Victoria, Australia, august 1993 (= Sydney University Archaeological Methods Series 2), 183-188. Sydney.

Binford, S.R. & L.R. Binford (eds.) 1968. New perspectives in archaeology. Chicago.

Bishop, M.C. & J. Thomas 1984. BEAKER: an expert system for the BCC micro, in: S. Laflin (ed.), Computer applications in archaeology, Conference proceedings 1984, 56-62. Birmingham. Bonnet, A. 1984. L'Intelligence artificielle: promesses et réalités. Paris. (Dutch edition: Kunstmatige intelligentie: verwachtingen en werkelijkheid. Amsterdam 1987.)

Bordes, F. 1967. Reflections on typology and technology in the Paleolithic, Quartär 18.

Borillo, M. 1971. An experiment in constructing a deductive argument through the simulation of a traditional archaeological study, Art 57, Centre d’analyse documentaire pour l’archéologie, CNRS. Marseilles. Brandt, R.W. 1993. Regionaal archeologisch archiveringsproject: archeologie als bedrijf, in: R. Knoop (ed.), Archeologie, maatschap-pij en ethiek (= Archeologisch Informatie Cahier 5), 33-38. Leiden.

(3)

Bratko, I. 1989. Fast prototyping of expert systems using Prolog, in: G. Guida & C. Tasso (eds.), Topics in expert system design: Methodologies and tools, 69-86. Amsterdam.

Briuer, F. 1976. New clues to stone tool function: plant and animal residues, American Antiquity 41 (4), 478-483.

Brothwell, D.R. & E. Higgs (eds.) 1963. Science in archaeology. London.

Brough, D.R. & N. Parfitt 1984. An expert system for the ageing of a domestic animal, in: S. Laflin (ed.), Computer applications in archaeology, Conference proceedings 1984, 49-55. Birmingham. Cahen, D., J.P. Caspar & M. Otte 1986. Industries lithiques danu-biennes de Belgique (= ERAUL 21). Liège.

Carling, A. 1992. Introducing neural networks. Wilmslow. Charniak, E. & D. McDermott 1986. Introduction to artificial intelligence. Reading, Massachusetts.

Cheetham, P.N. & J.G.B. Haigh 1991. The archaeological database: new relations ?, in: K. Lockyear & S. Rahtz (eds.), Computer applications and quantitative methods in archaeology 1990 (= BAR International Series 565), 7-14. Oxford.

Clancy, W.J. 1983. The epistemology of a rule-based expert system: a framework for explanation, Artificial Intelligence 20, 215-251. Clarke, D.L. 1968. Analytical archaeology. London (second edition 1978).

Clarke, D.L. (ed.) 1972. Models in archaeology. London. Cook, J. & J. Dumont 1987. The development and application of microwear analysis since 1964, in: G. de G. Sieveking & M.H. New-comer (eds.), The human uses of flint and chert, Proceedings of the fourth international flint symposium held at Brighton Polytechnic, 10-15 april 1983, 53-61. Cambridge.

Copeland, J. 1993. Artificial intelligence: a philosophical introduc-tion. Oxford.

Cotterell, B. & J. Kamminga 1987. The formation of flakes, American Antiquity 52 (4), 675-708.

Curwen, E.C. 1930. Prehistoric flint sickles, Antiquity 9, 62-66. Davis, R., B. Buchanan & E.H. Shortliffe 1977. Production rules as a representation for a knowledge-based consultation program, Artificial Intelligence 8, 15-45.

Del Bene, T.A. 1979. Once upon a striation: current models of striation and polish formation, in: B. Hayden (ed.), Lithic use-wear analysis, 167-178. New York.

Djindjian, F. 1986. Apport des techniques statistiques et informa-tiques aux méthodes at aux théories de l'archéologie, Bulletin de la société préhistorique Française 1986 83 (10), 372-377.

Doran, J.E. 1970. Systems theory, computer simulations, and archaeology, World Archaeology 1, 289-298.

Doran, J.E. 1974. What computers can't do for archaeologists, in: J.D. Wilcock & S. Laflin (eds.), Computer applications in archaeol-ogy, Conference proceedings 1974, 69-70. Birmingham.

Doran, J.E., 197., Complex process models and the understan-ding of prehistoric change, in: S. Laflin (ed.), Computer applica-tions in archaeology, Conference proceedings 1976, 21-25. Birmingham.

Doran, J.E. 1977. Automatic generation and evaluation of exploratory hypothesis, in: M. Borillo, W. Fernandez dela Vega & A. Guenoche (eds.), Raisonnement et méthodes mathématiques en archéologie, 172-181. Paris.

Doran, J.E. 1986a. A contract-structure model of socio-cultural change, in: S. Laflin (ed.), Computer applications in archaeology, Conference proceedings 1986, 171-178. Birmingham.

Doran, J.E. 1986b. Formal methods and archaeological theory: a perspective, World Archaeology 18, 21-37.

Doran, J.E. 1987. Anthropological archaeology, computational modelling and expert systems, in: M.S. Aldenderfer (ed.), Quanti-tative research in archaeology: progress and prospects, 73-88. London.

Doran, J.E. 1988. Expert systems and archaeology: what lies ahead?, in: C.L.N. Ruggles and S.P.Q. Rahtz (eds.), Computer and quantitative methods in archaeology 1987 (= BAR International Series 393), 237-241. Oxford.

Doran, J.E. 1990. Computer-based simulation and formal modelling in archaeology: a review, in: A. Voorrips (ed.), Mathematics and information science in archaeology: a flexible framework (= Stud-ies in Modern Archaeology 3), 1-6. Bonn.

Doran, J.E. & G. Corcoran 1985. A computational model of pro-duction, exchange and trade, in: A. Voorrips & S.H. Loving (eds.), To pattern the past (= PACT 11), 349-359. Strasbourg

Doran, J.E. & F.R. Hodson 1975. Mathematics and computers in archaeology. Edinburgh.

Dumont, J. 1982a. The quantification of microwear traces: a new use for interferometry, World Archaeology 14, 206-217. Dumont, J. 1982b. Interferometry and microwear analysis, Studia Praehistorica Belgica 2, 199-211.

Ennals, R. & D. Brough. 1982. Representing the knowledge of the expert archaeologist, in: S. Laflin (ed.), Computer Applica-tions in Archaeology, Conference proceedings 1982, 56-62. Birmingham.

Epping, W.J.M., S.M. Oudshoff & F.V. Abbots 1993. Lithofacies identification from wireline logs: bringing neural networks to application, in: C.C.A.M. Gielen & H.J. Kappen (eds.), Proceed-ings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Amsterdam 1993, 876-881. London.

(4)

Feigenbaum, E. & P. McCorduck 1983. The fifth generation. Read-ing, Massachusetts. (Dutch edition: De vijfde generatie: de strijd om de zelfdenkende computer, Amsterdam 1984.)

Filby, I., N. Chan & P. Chung 1989. Expert system development tools, in: S. Vadera (ed.), Expert system applications, 239-260. Wilmslow.

Flannery, K.V. 1968. Archaeological systems theory and early Meso-America, in: B.J. Meggars (ed.), Antropological archaeology in the Americas, 67-87. Washington.

Flinders Petrie, W.M. 1904. Methods and aims in archaeology. London.

Francfort, H.P. 1991. Palamede: application of expert systems to the archaeology of prehistoric urban civilisations, in: K. Lockyear & S. Rahtz (eds.), Computer applications and quantitative methods in archaeology 1990 (= BAR International Series 565), 211-214. Oxford.

Fullagar, R. 1988. Recent developments in Australian use-wear and residue studies, in: S. Beyries (ed.), Industries lithiques: Tracéolo-gie et technoloTracéolo-gie (= BAR International Series 411 (ii)), 133-145. Oxford.

Fullagar, R., J. Furby & B. Hardy 1996. Residues on stone artefacts: state of a scientific art, Antiquity 70, 740-745.

Ganascia, J.-G., M. Menu & J.-P. Mohen 1986. Rhapsode: système expert en archéologie, Bulletín de la société prehistorique Fran-çaise 1986 83 (10), 363-371.

Gardin, J,-C. 1980. Archaeological constructs: an aspect of theoret-ical archaeology. Cambridge.

Gardin, J.-C. 1990. The structure of archaeological theories, in: A. Voorrips (ed.), Mathematics and information science in archae-ology: a flexible framework (= Studies in Modern Archaeology 3), 7-28. Bonn.

Gardin, J.-C., O. Quillaume, P. Herman, A. Hesnard, M.-S. Lagrange, M. Renaud & E. Zadora-Rio 1988. Artificial intelligence and expert systems: case studies in the knowledge domain of archaeology. Chichester.

Gegerun, A.P., I.A. Pislary & T.G. Popova 1990. Archaeological classification and expert systems, in: A. Voorrips & B.S. Ottaway (ed.), New tools from mathematical archaeology, 123-126. Warsaw. Gendel, P.A. & L. Pirnay 1982. Microwear analysis of experimental stone tools: Further test results, Studia Prehistorica Belgica 2, 251-265.

Gibson, P.M. 1992. The potentials of hybrid neural network models for archaeofaunal ageing and interpretation, in: J. Andresen, T. Madsen & I. Scollar (eds.), Computing the past: computer applications and quantitative methods in archaeology 1992, 263-271. Aarhus.

Gibson, P.M. 1996. An archaeofaunal ageing comparative study into the performance of human analysis versus hybrid neural net-work analysis, in: H. Kamermans & K. Fennema (eds.), Interfacing

the past: Computer applications and quantitative methods in archaeology 1995, 229-233. Leiden.

Gielen, C.C.A.M. & H.J. Kappen (eds.), Proceedings of the Interna-tional Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Amsterdam 1993, London.

Gould, R.A. & P.J. Watson 1982. A dialogue on the meaning and use of analogy in ethnoarchaeological reasoning, Journal of Anthro-pological Archaeology 1, 355-381.

Grace, R. 1989. Interpreting the function of stone tools. The quan-tification and computerisation of microwear analysis (= BAR International Series 474). Oxford.

Grace, R. 1993. The use of expert systems in lithic analysis, in: P.C. Anderson, S. Beyries, M. Otte & H. Plisson (eds.), Traces et fonction: Les gestes retrouvés, Actes du colloque international de Liège 8-9-10 décembre 1990 (= ERAUL 50), 389-400. Liège. Grace, R., I.D. Graham & M.H. Newcomer 1985. The quantification of microwear polishes, World Archaeology 17, 112-120.

Grace, R., I.D. Graham & M.H. Newcomer 1987. Preliminary investigation into the quantification of wear traces on flint tools, in: G. de G. Sieveking & M.H. Newcomer (eds.), The human uses of flint and chert, Proceedings of the fourth international flint sympo-sium held at Brighton Polytechnic 10-15 april 1983, 63-69. Cam-bridge.

Greiser, S.T. & P.D. Sheets 1979. Raw materials as a functional variable in use-wear studies, in: B. Hayden (ed.), Lithic use-wear analysis, 289-296. New York.

Grupe, F.H. & M.M. Owrang 1995. Data base mining, discovering new knowledge and competitive advantage, Information Systems Management 26 (2), 26-31.

Guida, G. & C. Tasso (eds.) 1989. Topics in expert system design: methodologies and tools. Amsterdam.

Hart, A. 1987. Role of induction in knowledge elicitation, in: A.L. Kidd (ed.), Knowledge Acquisition for expert systems: a practical handbook, 165-189. New York.

Hayden, B. (ed.) 1979. Lithic use-wear analysis. New York. Hayden, B. & J. Kamminga 1979. An introduction to use-wear: the first CLUW, in: B. Hayden (ed.), Lithic use-wear analysis, 1-13. New York.

Hayes-Roth, F., D.A. Waterman & D.B. Lenat (eds.) 1983. Building expert systems. Reading, Massachusetts.

Heskes, T. in press. Practical confidence and prediction intervals, in: M. Mozer, M. Jordan & T. Petsche (eds.), Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 9. Cambridge.

Hertz, J., A. Krogh & R.G. Palmer 1991. Introduction to the theory of neural computation. Reading, Massachusetts.

(5)

Hodder, I. (ed.) 1978. Simulation studies in archaeology. Cambridge. Hodder, I. & C. Orton 1976. Spatial analysis in archaeology. Cambridge.

Hodson, F.R., D.G. Kendall & P. T_utu 1971. Mathematics in the archaeological and historical sciences. Edinburgh.

Hollnagel, E. 1989. Evaluation of expert systems, in: G. Guida & C. Tasso (eds.), Topics in expert system design: Methodologies and tools, 377-416. Amsterdam.

Huggett, J. 1985. Expert systems in archaeology, in: M.A. Cooper & J.D. Richards (eds.), Current issues in archaeological computing (= BAR International Series 271, 123-142. Oxford.

Huggett, J. 1993. Democratising archaeological knowledge with computers, Archaeological Computing Newsletter 35, 7-10. Huggett, J. 1995. Democracy, data and archaeological knowledge, in: J. Huggett & N. Ryan (eds.), Computer applications and quanti-tative methods in archaeology 1994 (= BAR International Series 600, 23-26. Oxford.

Hurcombe, L. 1985. The potential of functional analyses of obsidian tools: a closer view, in: C. Malone & S. Stoddart (eds.), Papers on Italian Archaeology IV (= BAR International Series 244), 50- 60. Oxford.

Hurcombe, L. 1986. Residue studies on obsidian tools, in: L.R. Owen & G. Unrath (eds.), Technical aspects of microwear studies on stone tools (= Early Man News 9/10/11), 83-90. Tübingen. Hurcombe, L. 1988. Some criticisms and suggestions in response to Newcomer et al. (1986), Journal of Archaeological Science 15, 1-10.

Hurcombe, L. 1992. Use wear analysis and obsidian: Theory, experiments and results (= Sheffield Archaeological Monographs 4). Sheffield.

Jackson, P. 1986. Introduction to expert systems. Reading, Massa-chusetts. (Dutch edition: Expertsystemen, Amsterdam 1987.) Juel Jensen, H. 1982. A preliminary analysis of blade scrapers from Ringkloster, a Danish Mesolithic site, Studia Praehistorica Belgica 2, 323-327.

Juel Jensen, H. 1988. Functional analysis of prehistoric flint tools by high-power microscopy: a review of West European research, Journal of World Prehistory 2, 53-88.

Juel Jensen, H. 1989. Plant harvesting and processing with flint tools in the Danish Stone Age. A view from the microscope, Acta Archaeologica 59, 131-142.

Juel Jensen, H. 1994. Flint tools and plant working: hidden traces of Stone Age technology - a use wear study of some Danish Mesolithic and TRB implements. Aarhus.

Kahn, G.S. & M. Bauer 1989. Prototyping: Tools and motivations, in: G. Guida & C. Tasso (eds.), Topics in expert system design: Methodologies and tools, 47-68. Amsterdam.

Kamminga, J. 1979. The nature of use-polish and abrasive smooth-ing on stone tools, in: B. Hayden (ed.), Lithic use-wear analysis, 143-158. New York.

Kappen, B. & C. Gielen (eds.) 1995. Neural Networks: Artificial Intelligence and industrial applications. London.

Keeley, L.H. 1974. Techniques and methodology in micro-wear studies: a critical review, World Archaeology 5, 323-336. Keeley, L.H. 1977. Beobachtungen über Mikro-Abnützungssuren an 14 Klingen von Hienheim, Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia 19, 71-72.

Keeley, L.H. & M.H. Newcomer 1977. Microwear analysis of experimental flint tools: a test case, Journal of Archaeological Science 4, 29-64.

Keeley, L.H. 1980. Experimental determination of stone tool uses, A microwear analysis. Chicago.

Keeley, L.H. 1983. Neolithic Novelties: the view from ethnography and microwear analysis, in: M.-C. Cauvin (ed.), Traces d' utilisa-tion sur les outils néolithiques du Proche Orient, 251-256. Lyon. Kendall, D.G. 1963. A statistical approach to Flinders Petries' sequence-dating, Bulletin International Statistics Institute 34, 657-680.

Kidd, A.L. (ed.) 1987. Knowledge Acquisition for expert systems: a practical handbook. New York.

Knutsson, K. 1986. SEM-analysis of wear features on experimental quartz tools, in: L.R. Owen & G. Unrath (eds.), Technical aspects of microwear studies on stone tools (= Early Man News 9/10/11), 25-49. Tübingen.

Knutsson, K. 1988. Patterns of tool use. Scanning electron microscopy of experimental quartz tools. Uppsala.

Knutsson, K., B. Dahlquist & H. Knutsson 1988. Patterns of tool use. The microwear analysis of quartz and flint assemblage from the Bjurselet site Västerbotten, Northern Sweden, in: S. Beyries (ed.), Industries lithiques: Tracéologie et technologie (= BAR International Series 411 (i)), 253-294. Oxford.

Kulikowski, C.A. 1989. Knowledge base design and construction: From prototyping to refinement. In: G. Guida & C. Tasso (eds.), Topics in expert system design: Methodologies and tools, 145-178. Amsterdam.

Lagrange, M.-S. & M. Renaud 1985. Intelligent knowledge-based systems in archaeology: A computerized simulation of reasoning by means of an expert system, Computers and the Humanities 19, 37-49. Lagrange, M.-S. & V. Vitali 1992. VANDAL: an expert system dealing with the provenance of archaeological ceramics, based on chemical, mineralogical and data analysis information, in: P. Reilly & S. Rahtz (eds.), Archaeology and the information age, 276-287. London.

(6)

Lawrence, J. & M. Lawrence 1990. Neural network simulation software: user’s guide and reference manual. Grass Valley (fifth edition).

Lawrence, R.A. 1979. Experimental evidence for the significance of attributes used in edge-damage analysis, in: B. Hayden (ed.), Lithic use-wear analysis, 113-121. New York.

Lemorini, C. 1997. L’ organisation du geste des Néandertaliens: analyse fonctionnelle des industries lithiques de Grotta Breuil (Latium, Italie) et de la Combette (Vaucluse, France). Leiden (thesis). Lévi-Sala, I. 1986. Use wear and post-depositional surface modifi-cation: a word of caution, Journal of Archaeological Science 13, 229-244.

Lévi-Sala, I. 1993. Use-wear traces: processes of development and post-depositional alterations, in: P.C. Anderson, S. Beyries, M. Otte & H. Plisson (eds.), Traces et fonction: Les gestes retrouvés, Actes du colloque international de Liège 8-9-10 décembre 1990 (= ERAUL 50), 401-416. Liège.

Loy, T.H. 1993. The artifact as site: an example of biomolecular analysis of organic residues on prehistoric tools, World Archaeology 25, 44-63.

Lucas, P.J.F. & L.C. van der Gaag 1988. Principes van expertsyste-men. Schoonhoven.

Mansur-Franchomme, M.-E. 1983. Scanning electron microscopy of dry hide working tools: the role of abrasives and humidity in microwear polish formation, Journal of Archaeological Science 10, 223-230.

McCulloch, W.S. & W. Pitts 1943. A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity, Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics 5, 115-133.

Minsky, M. & S. Papert 1969. Perceptrons, Cambridge, Massachus-setts.

Moffett, J. 1989. Computer perceptions in archaeology 1: the Deep Thought Syndrome, Archaeological Computing Newsletter 20, 11-16. Moss, E.H. 1983a. Some comments on edge damage as a factor in functional analysis of stone artifacts, Journal of Archaeological Science 10, 231-242.

Moss, E.H. 1983b. The functional analysis of flint implements, BAR International Series 177. Oxford.

Moss, E.H. 1987. A review of ‘Investigating microwear polishes with blind tests', Journal of Archaeological Science 14, 473-481. Mozer, M., M. Jordan & T. Petsche (eds.) in press. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 9. Cambridge.

Newcomer, N., R. Grace & R. Unger-Hamilton 1986. Investigating microwear polishes with blind tests, Journal of Archaeological Science 13, 203-217.

Nijssen, B. (ed.) 1992. Kennissystemen bij de overheid. Den Haag (report Department of Internal Affairs).

Odell, G.H. & F. Odell-Vereecken 1980. Verifying the reliability of lithic use-wear assessments by ‘Blind Tests': the low-power approach, Journal of Field Archaeology 7, 87-120.

Odell, G.H. 1981. The mechanics of use-breakage of stone tools: some testable hypotheses, Journal of Field Archaeology 8, 197-209.

Owen, L.R. 1993. Materials worked by hunter and gatherer groups of northern North America: implications for use-wear analysis, in: P.C. Anderson, S. Beyries, M. Otte & H. Plisson (eds.), Traces et fonction: Les gestes retrouvés, Actes du colloque international de Liège 8-9-10 décembre 1990 (= ERAUL 50), 3-12. Liège. Ozawa, K. 1989. Rule-based dating of artifacts, in: S. Rahtz & J. Richards (eds.), Computer applications and quantitative methods in archaeology 1989 (= BAR International Series 548), 375-386. Oxford.

Palmer, M. & J. Doran 1992. Contrasting models of upper paleo-lithic social dynamics: a distributed artificial intelligence approach, in: J. Andresen, T. Madsen & I. Scollar (eds.), Computing the past: computer applications and quantitative methods in archaeology 1992, 251-262. Aarhus.

Patel, J. & A. Stutt 1989. Beyond classification: the use of artificial intelligence techniques for the interpretation of archaeological data, in: S. Rahtz & J. Richards (eds.), Computer applications and quantitative methods in archaeology 1989 (= BAR International Series 548), 339-347. Oxford.

Patterson, D.W. 1996. Artificial neural networks: theory and appli-cations. Singapore.

Payne, E.C. & R.C. McArthur 1990. Developing expert systems: a knowledge engineer's handbook for rules and objects. New York. Perkins, W.A., Th.J. Laffey, D. Pecora & T.A. Nguyen 1989. Knowledge base verification, in: G. Guida & C. Tasso (eds.), Topics in expert system design: Methodologies and tools, 353-376. Amsterdam.

Plisson, H. 1982. Une analyse fonctionelle des outillages basaltique, Studia Praehistorica Belgica 2, 241-244.

Prerau, D.S. 1989. Choosing an expert system domain, in: G. Guida & C. Tasso (eds.), Topics in expert system design: Methodologies and tools, 27- 43. Amsterdam.

Rees, D., G.G. Wilkinson, C.R. Orton & R. Grace 1988. Fractal analysis of digital images of flint microwear, in: S.P.Q. Rahtz (ed.), Computer and quantitative methods in archaeology 1988 (= BAR International Series 446 (i)), 177-183. Oxford.

Richards, J. 1985. Standardising the record, in: M.A. Cooper & J. Richards (eds.), Current issues in archaeological computing (= BAR International Series 271), 93-102. Oxford.

Richards, J.D. 1986. Computers in archaeological theory and prac-tice, Science and Archaeology 28, 51- 55.

(7)

Roth, E.M. & D. Woods 1989. Cognitive task analysis: an approach to knowledge acquisition for intelligent system design, in: G. Guida & C. Tasso (eds.), Topics in expert system design: Methodologies and tools, 233-264. Amsterdam.

Rothenberg, J. 1989. Expert system tool evaluation, in: G. Guida & C. Tasso (eds.), Topics in expert system design: Methodologies and tools, 205-229. Amsterdam.

Rugg, G. 1986. On expert systems, Archaeological Computing Newsletter 7, 2-4.

Sabloff, J.A. (ed.) 1981. Simulations in Archaeology. Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Schotel, H. 1987. Programmeren in PROLOG. Muiderberg. Schreurs, J. 1992. The Michelsberg site Maastricht-Klinkers: a functional interpretation, Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia 25, 129-171.

Semenov, S.A. 1964. Prehistoric technology; an experimental study of the oldest tools and artefacts from traces of manufacture and use. London.

Semenov, S.A. 1970. The forms and funktions of the oldest tools, Quartär 21, 1-20.

Shafer, H.J. & R.G. Holloway 1979. Organic residue analysis in determining stone tool function, in: B. Hayden (ed.), Lithic use-wear analysis, 385-399. New York.

Shea, J.J. 1988. Methodological considerations affecting the choice of analytical techniques in lithic use-wear analysis: tests, results and application, in: S. Beyries (ed.), Industries lithiques: Tracéologie et technologie (= BAR International Series 411 (ii)), 65- 81. Oxford. Shea, J.J. 1991. The behavioral significance of Levantine Mouster-ian industrial variability. Cambridge, Massachusetts (thesis). Shea, J.J. 1992. Lithic microwear analysis in archaeology, Evolu-tionary Anthropology 1, 143-150.

Shea, J.J. & J.D. Klenck 1993. An experimental investigation of the effects of trampling on the results of lithic microwear analysis, Journal of Archaeological Science 20, 175-194.

Shennan, S. 1988. Quantifying Archaeology. Edinburgh. Shortliffe, E.H. 1976. Computer-based medical consultations: MYCIN. New York.

Skapura, D.M. 1996. Building neural networks. Reading, Massachu-setts.

Spurrell, F.C.J. 1892. Notes on early sickles, Archaeological Jour-nal 49, 53-69.

Stapert, D. 1976. Some natural surface modifications on flint in the Netherlands, Palaeohistoria XVIII, 7-41.

Stehouwer, H.P. 1997. On-line lot-sizing with perceptrons. Wage-ningen (thesis).

Stutt, A. 1988. Second generation expert systems, explanations, arguments and archaeology, in: S.P.Q. Rahtz (ed.), Computer and quantitative methods in archaeology 1988 (= BAR International Series 466 (i)), 353-367. Oxford.

Sussman, C. 1985. Microwear on quartz: fact or fiction, World Archaeology 17, 101-111.

Swaan Arons, H. de 1991. Delfi: Design, development and applica-bility of expert system shells. Delft (thesis).

Thomas, D.H. 1978. The awful truth about statistics in archaeology, American Antiquity 43, 231-244.

Tringham, R., G. Cooper, G. Odell, B. Voytek & A. Whitman 1974. Experimentation in the formation of edge-damage: a new approach to lithic analysis, Journal of Field Archaeology 1, 171-195.

Trigger, B.G. 1989. A history of archaeological thought. Cambridge. Unrath, G., L.R. Owen, A.L. van Gijn, E.H. Moss, H. Plisson & P. Vaughan 1986. An evaluation of use-wear studies: a multi-analyst approach, in: L.R. Owen & G. Unrath (eds.), Technical aspects of microwear studies on stone tools (= Early Man News 9/10/11), 117-176. Tübingen.

Vadera, S. (ed.) 1989. Expert system applications. Wilmslow. Van den Broek, G.M.C.M., H. Abbink Spaink & R.V. Schuwer 1990. Ervaringen met specificaties voor kennissystemen, Informatie 32 (6), 531-536.

Van den Dries, M.H. 1993. Artificially intelligent archaeologists: fundamentals, facts and fictions, Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia 26, 235-250.

Van den Dries, M.H. 1994. WAVES: an expert system for the analysis of use-wear on flint artefacts, in: I. Johnson (ed.), Methods in the mountains: proceedings of UISPP Commision IV meeting, Mount Victoria, Australia, august 1993 (= Sydney University Archaeological Methods Series 2), 173-182. Sydney.

Van den Dries, M.H. & A.L. van Gijn in press. The representativity of experimental usewear traces, in: A. Ramos-Millán (ed.), Siliceous rocks and culture, Proceedings of the VI international flint symposium. Granada.

Van Gijn, A.L. 1988. The use of Bronze Age flint sickles in the Netherlands: a preliminary report, in: S. Beyries (ed.), Industries lithiques: Tracéologie et technologie (= BAR International Series 411 (ii)), 197-218. Oxford.

Van Gijn, A.L. 1989. The wear and tear of flint: Principles of functional analysis applied to Dutch neolithic assemblages, Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia 22. Leiden.

Van Praag, H., H. de Hartog & H.L. Resnikoff 1988. Kunstmatige intelligentie. Rijswijk.

(8)

Vaughan, P.C. 1985. Use-wear analysis of flaked stone tools. Tucson.

Vila, A. & F. Gallart 1993. Caracterización de los micropulidos de uso: ejemplo de aplicación del análisis de imágenes digitalizadas, in: P.C. Anderson, S. Beyries, M. Otte, H. Plisson (eds.), Traces et fonction: Les gestes retrouvés, Actes du colloque international de Liège 8-9-10 décembre 1990 (= ERAUL 50), 459-465. Liège. Vitali, V. 1989. Archaeometric provenance studies: an expert system approach, Journal of Archaeological Science 16, 383-391. Vitali, V. & M. Lagrange 1988. VANDAL: an expert system for the provenance determination of archaeological ceramics based on INAA data, in: S.P.Q. Rahtz (ed.), Computer and quantitative methods in archaeology 1988 (= BAR International Series 446 (i)), 369-375. Oxford.

Voorrips, A. 1990. Expert systems and archaeologists, in: A. Voorrips & B.S. Ottaway (ed.), New tools from mathematical archaeology, 115-121. Warsaw.

Vuik, K. 1993. De heuglijke mens, Personal Computer Magazine 11, 184-191.

Waterman, D.A. 1986. A guide to expert systems. Reading, Massa-chusetts.

Whipp, P. & T. Lewis 1989. Model based reasoning and simula-tion, in: S. Vadera (ed.), Expert system applications, 97-113. Wilmslow.

Wilcock, J.D. 1971. Non-statistical applications of the computer in archaeology, in: F.R. Hodson, D.G. Kendall & P. Tautu (eds.), Mathematics in the archaeological and historical sciences, 470-481. Edinburgh.

Wilcock, J.D. 1986. A review of expert systems: their shortcomings and possible applications in archaeology, in: E. Webb (ed.), Com-puter applications in archaeology, Conference proceedings 1985, 139-144. London.

Willey, G.R. & J.A. Sabloff 1974. A history of american archaeology. London.

Winograd, T.A. & F. Flores 1986. Understanding computers and cognition. Norwood.

Referenties

GERELATEERDE DOCUMENTEN

A final, though not less important reason for selecting wear- trace analysis as the subject of this study, was that the expert was amenable to the application of artificial

Archaeologists that were interested in artificial intelligence methods focused their attention primarily on the knowledge- based approaches, especially expert systems.. In

the edge of an artefact can be used for scraping the edge of an artefact can be used for cutting the edge of an artefact can be used for piercing If an edge is blunt, it cannot

efforts are being made to refine and expand the experimental and ethnographic evidence for stone function (a.o. Keeley 1983; Owen 1993), to learn more about the process of

Although these data showed a more divergent occurrence of wear patterns than the elicited expert knowledge did, it was still impossible to translate it directly into lines of

In paragraph 4.5.6 it was stated that use-wear analysts expect from automated approaches that they provide a means for standardizing the method of analysis and for formalizing

For instance in experiment 3, analyst III received on the basis of his recordings of the macro traces a correct interpretation from the application on the relative hardness of

Despite the fact that it has been demonstrated that useful knowledge-based applications can be built for archaeological purposes and that there are many potential uses, their