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Gamification to engage citizens in the use of smart metering systems
T. AlSkaif
a, I. Lampropoulos
a, Ó. Söebech
b, M.A. van den Broek
a, W.G.J.H.M. van Sark
aa
Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development, Utrecht University (UU),
b
Institute for European Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
Tarek AlSkaif
Postdoc Researcher
Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development, Utrecht University (UU) Email: t.a.alskaif@uu.nl
Website: http://www.uu.nl/staff/TAAlskaif
Phone: +31 (0) 30 253 7174
Contact
Although households engagement in the energy system is one of the main drivers for the EU smart meters roll-out policy, it is uncertain that the introduction of smart meters will inevitably have an immediate
impact on households’ energy consumption behavior. Motivation
techniques from the uprising research area of gamification can play a key role in increasing households' engagement in smart meters enabled
applications and allowing them to recognize the direct relationship between their energy consumption behavior and the performance of
their household. Gamification describes those features of an interactive system that aims to motivate and engage users through the use of game design elements and mechanics. The considered applications enabled by smart meters are classified in three main categories: i) Energy Efficiency, ii) Self-consumption and iii) Demand Response (DR), as seen in Fig. 1.
Background
Methodology
The purpose of this study is identifying all system components that are
necessary for a long-term participation of households in gamified smart meters enabled applications. A conceptual diagram of our proposed framework is
illustrated in Fig. 2. In this framework, the main requirements necessary to enable households participation and enhance smart meters enabled
applications can be divided into: energy education; energy conservation;
machine-human interaction; and flexibility and control. In order to fulfil these requirements, different technological, social and economic components are needed, which are:
1. Technical solution: apart from the smart meter, an Energy Management System (EMS) that receives the meter readings, measures the local
renewable energy production, and possibly controls households’ flexible
appliances is considered as an essential part of the technical component. The EMS stores and processes the data, and forwards the results to a web-based and/or a mobile-based application, which is responsible for data access.
2. Game design elements and mechanics: a combination of game mechanics is required to engage households in the considered applications. A survey of European research and innovation projects that incorporate gamification techniques is done to review the most commonly used game mechanics in this area (see Fig. 3). The game mechanics required for each application are incorporated in the EMS and displayed in the mobile/web app interface.
3. Value propositions: identifying the value streams resulted from households' participation is necessary for their long-term engagement in the considered applications. These value streams are not only restricted to households.
Long-term engagement through gamification can also bring value to energy suppliers and society as a whole. For instance, customers' unique drivers, interests and reactions can be learned by suppliers, and used to improve provided service and increase households participation. Besides, smart
meters enabled applications can lead to a reduced amount of CO2 emissions which creates an important value for the society in general.
Figure 1. Smart meters enabled applications.
Figure 2. Conceptual diagram of the proposed framework for gamified smart meters enabled applications.
http://www.parent-project.eu/
Throughout the surveyed literature and projects, several suggestions and
recommendations have been proposed for developing a gamified platform for smart meters enabled applications. Defining a clear objective of the game and
understanding the target group is the first step to consider in the platform design.
After that, the considered game mechanics should be clearly defined; such as
how/why points are given, and the formulation of the rewarding function. Using the platform to share knowledge (e.g., tips for energy saving, quizzes) can provide
opportunities for increasing and enhancing the energy education levels and awareness of households. The next step is to have a concrete plan on how to
maintain the long-term engagement of the target group of households, and on how to promote the platform in order to reach more households. It is also important
that the gamified platform looks attractive and intuitive to use. It should fit to the needs of the target group already defined, including the possibility to create an
avatar, collect locally relevant information, and have an easy access to help or FAQ area. Besides, it should have easily understandable measurement units and
progress display, make use of emotions and narratives, and do not overburden households.
Conclusions and lessons learned
Energy insight
Dashboards
Statistics
Messages
Tips
Rewarding system
Virtual currency
Awards, coupons and
gifting
Discounts
Social
connection
Challenges and
competition Energy community
Collaboration
Status
Points Badges Leaderboards
Levels Progress bar
User interface
Interactive
Appealing (easy-to-use,
visuals, etc) High control
and autonomy
Figure 3. Game design elements and mechanics.
