Die 00siaL:; 0tudh,s in dio

(1)

277. Die 00siaL:; 0tudh,s in dio

L;~~rskoo1.

stork na vore dour

(li(~

oorbck1;.::nltcnin;; v,:,n

c~L:;

sosio

Josia1c Studies.

a. Ana1ise van die Sosia1e Studie s.

(1) Inleiding.

Ir:.. ,[ms ing by d

Opvc\~

s''Jsio1o

se v::'n eli JT'3todio word die

[~~nd

1J rdl.c

1:no sOP scsi i

sios Vci,n di,v

,':)0

si:' L, Stucii(s dour die oorbc

k1cmton v'n die sosio1o,)ic

~3C

2spck

v:~n

di 0pvocd

t 00 ron''''

, )

LJt sy ont st<:\c;n tc ['.an

;:>i ,,2) v,\n die IIsoci:.::.l cngi- In wil1e

1. H. J. J. : Sos ,dies in 01!1 in

en daad; ists ion' ,

3, nonul1or 1,

1~5

pp. 1,6.

2. Brown:

}'::duc{:~t~on2.1

30ciolot;y", p. 551.

Vgl.: IVlannhciin: I'lan and soci0ty in c.cn [',go of reCon

struction. Studies 'in modorn Social structure;

HoutL}dgc & I

"tn

J:':',u1 Ltd., LO::1don, 19h9; p .15 5-157.

Idom: Liagnosis of our tLiiO, D. 26-30, hoofstuk IV.

;;obbs., A.II.:

Soc;ic~l pro~)loil,s

cmd

3ciontis,~~;

The

" C l " , 1'\ 1 . 1

~53'

2<1

ot;c,C 0.,

11'.:xrlSOUr(:~,

-onnsy v,'mJ,c., -7 ,po o.

3. Hobbs: ::5oc i2.1

probl~ms

;,;,n(' sc:i.cDtis:;"" p. 28.

iJg1.: &own:

E(luc:::.tion~tl

00ci010gy, p. 555.

4. : .,00 Si :::Jtudic;s in die Lc,crskocl \, in

2voord c;;{ daact., F·,jbr. , ~). 1.

(2)

278.

)

ii U:~t

d sos c h)

, u

wut0nSJ.eppc v:1.r

^}( Cl'S

in cl skool s 7) t

i ics is 1n nro v::m

providing »113 :-',scmt

uC,> )

c "ncos for 1 to c.,h ·.re

^ll

(JC,11tlOO on L:::

^j

Ib:lro "

vL;rbctsrir

;,;11

bc-

C; s~;n0-

V::::l

:J. r

; p •

• : honroG, 1v;,·lt"rt,ncyclopl;oL, of cCLUc:tionL'.l r," S0LTC;]

~D}'O

,j;ct

0

f tl1'::: ""m,;ri c,,:.n ueluCi:_ t i

op~:J:.

r8sl>Tch ,:.SSOC:l

.,tion,

lc"V

. ; d . ;

J~';): i.'lC:,ci ,tll~:,n

Co.,

~Jov.:

f. rk,

lq5~2;

:" ¹ iy:

¹

c c:.r., 1y not 0. th'

~t

th t

1'" S

to

'~nd

n0. to ; ic

of

&r~);:.niz,:t

0D I

n

li~:WC:l~-· ':E

' ; korto. I, ^io

o:CV:,rJ :::>V0

Dduc:tion for LivinG

i n , o r c i

NCU,:::;;lrt,

.:~~

. L •

<..l11

('1. on,

C. ,

6. j:Jlonroc: Enc'(clopod ic.'. (.1' c(uc_.,tL)n.;..:l r88\-",:,;rch, T).l :'::13-1214.

1.: lJ.oorc

~Yl

Cole

:~('ciolC?!~',r ~n

oduc"tismccl

~n;ctice, D.

353. s: 80ci£,1 problcrils zmc, :";CiG1ti:?r:., voorvlcord

7. ^1Li(1. lJi".;

Pl'z,-l'ti0S:'; bru;~.b:"T,.

on

ijrV'l;·.rb.r~;

,.re

¹

v~n

di

Sosi~10 ~t

ie s is In s

v~n

ie

benD,l v,::.n

!I" ';Jh.

t f2.ct;:;, topics,

:.'n(1 i,\);',:3

were

. , ' j ' c , . , ( • \

t '

s.

C

1a 11 y USe r ([....

LL

t ,.

I I " \ •.^1_

Cl'

! 1 " . H 0

co .ctiV8 .:.nds 0 pU'P-ll

no,~ds,

s0ci 1 real i t

5,

c._!le'. n~t:Lc s C, ^{. l} ⁾

V<l •

.LJjQ

cn

dc~1stcll

i,':

v,~n c'j~ .0S1.

L, Jtu.cl,i(.,t}:

\)~-:: t'-.:; il!(;

is

s()si~~{_~~,

((it:.

vr'~~wt ~~\->' Cl'

"o~t

(',forc: OHi

t,~ lc~1;.o, J.S

sos ;-:,.1: 110vr" :

Cl': \-I-"'t-) • (",... "'00 '" SCl'l" v

is In

S C S 1211 0

1.'" :.,,; s

~J, 11

n i , , :::

I'

hy ts

FicnD d._;1...c::'d:.t~lY

sos

^-:~.;D(; ^.,

s" (, n.

)

.

n. 322.

(3)

hiordie OpVOG 0skouing lQ lO;"ic

_CJ

9)

_,

wc~t

die lib our of hUilIcm be societyil lO ) best1.ldeer. TiLt die

totc:~lit

Vi'.'.n di':" sosio

kulturolc we i ici. dion dio S:) as

bindmiddel v glcJabstrahocrde

u

van

dil.~

sosi Emskappe uit

tot[.~li

t(J i t

v.:m dio op so In

(.:cn srre.ko vcm of ^s ^"3se of

kc:n

Die r-...:

U~.~t v~'~n

hiorcl io

[It

m s met die I"ruc.l lifiJ sitU;.,tL:ms"i J2), is dic Ultg(.~'li':8-,

.

__

^..

^_-

9. s:

Soci<.~l

pr_oblcP1s Clnq ;lrincipc....l source of this pD.tt rn of belic.:fs, thcii;:"ociD.l

sciencc" i is purveyed to th, lie

as a cure for 1 sorts of probl

Drincip<...'.lly in s c

¹

.010-::;y and psycho' SiSIl (n. ).

V:;l. Mooro en Cole;: ooe i.ology in cclucc;ttioncll

prc~

<::."

ti~3_,

p. 353: nJoeiology is th most.:s [oral and tJJ.8

TIIOS

t bt.sic

o~'

tll-:;

~~ocial

s s".

10. Chinoy, J:<':ly: 30e j._ologic;c.l.Der:3')",ctj...Y2L Bo.stC2.... ..Q2D.

certs (lnclt:.kt"dr_

c.o.Jlie~J.tion;

Doublcc1.c.y i.cnd Co., Inc., Garden

C~ty,

New {ork, 1955; p.l .

• Vgl.: i"lonroe:

:Gneyelo~:h;diCl

ot

(;C~'Sc·.tioEll

r2s\.J2.rch, p. 1214.

oyntf1csis c;'ti on Ad.dressus V;ll L'.t t:.Lo ::'Jwmncr Coni' O1'0noo orgcl.1isucI t sti tl·te of Joc ( P L y Hous ) at 1': own. html Col e,

CGj~lb

c,

.kU,~ust,

F:44: d by .·.i38 ]).1"1.b.

0Y111es,

^{I V}J..l •• ;

10 PJ.ccy HOUS0 ss,

hlb~rt

lLocHl, IV1:::J.v\;rn,

L~4;

hoof3tul( ViI: 'n pleidooi vir

sintes", ale.

12.'fgl.: Boabs: :5oeL,l nrob10!Ls

,~ncl

0ciGrtism: 17t(J[J.cn

rc; life

prob~:_~;iilS

i n ' l re.l life wc.. y"; D.

(4)

2$0.

bug - on

uindDu~t v~n

die Sos lL cs.

In diu ondOrVj':3 cn opvoud:L is it liL,ct to affect life;' 1 3 ), sod~.t ^cl

lrJC '.13 hOlll 0

en

^[~ltyd

butu is: by die:

^;,1(;'1

cid, HlSduc at ion for Livinu

_b

(2) Die doelstulling.

Ean

Vi'.n

di b'-.-stc omskryvrl.rl

st lling van die

~osL

.le; s is

O. D..

d

volgende: "The purpose of the social studies is to en

sure an

un~standing

of our social institutions and our modes of living in groups, and to improve the effec

tivoncss of thu di vielual in his groun re

l:~tiostips

• ships

bGtwccn groups

l 3 ,1~30

n. nrork.!r objectlv..; of t

socie,l stud:Lc,s!! 1).

srU:Ull, WD.nt onophoudeli stroNC n::c die vcr

13. Ibid., p. 20.

14. ighurst 0n

^i,j

(n: Socijty [met c.cJnc:,.t:i.on,_ T).348.

Vgl.: Btdl8Y, In"("Jrn-:,.tionctl ;:"tl;coi,;s in Gr,.;:.t Britain, OxforC Univ~r~ity Pr~ss, 1933.

Idem:

Intcrn;~ltiom'.l

;:.;twJics in mo(brn ,-,ducti.oll;

Oxford lJnivo,;rsity Fn.ss, 1938.

Vgl.: Arndt, C.

U.

cn r:;t t, ' . :

liEuuct~tion

for n world soci,; ty:l in :':':L;Vdlth Y',;:..:rbook of th"" ":olm Dowey Sociel'Yi

ri

:ql(;r ;ncldrot,;10rs

Publjsh,~r::.),

New York, 1951; .

CountE;,

J.~.: :~c\lc;.::tion ~'or

c ,,!orlel soci"ty, p.3-15.

Ivtoushcng;, L.:

;~u.!lar:.

ri,.':,ts for a vJOrlc1 C:le;ty, P. 16-28;

- cn, 1. J.: CU~::lcy.r,:.l nlur::li::ifll - lnt:,.rn,~tion,-'J.:.,

,.rg, 43. 0;

Cr',E~tin.'

. . ttJ.Cud\JS

conducjv,~;

to int0rn:,t ione"l undcrst,~nclin;;, • 44- 60.

1. l',loore en Col.:;: Socj:ology in

c<;ucr'.ti'Jnt~l

nrrcctic", p. 352.

•. t;;rIn8hl, N.: Gns D'.';(;;lijLs._."",rk.

J.Jc C~1ris-

ten in de IncJ.Ustril:;i,ok

i\""I[)(;n,

lS159; n.o7

llUTIl2.n

r81:::~tions

is 'bfi' l;\oclc.

(5)

281.

8",./8,-,

in (.ie

.. inhuucJ (.s dL; doe1st:. ., ')' bc

"

,; 2)

• Lonrou cli, vo1; do.;lst c me s

s

:.'.D", cp~.Ydcms

0i' at! re;

To bo in s c

o

^c~niz

ⁱ

^er

Lltor' tion;

To

~O

act in accord with -..;i:locrZ.,!.t icorinc i

1)

s v

'1'0 nnci..;rstanc urinc 1 c,)110ltiiC, socL.,l, Gi.nci Iitic

To I:':'c:ru out vo

c;,

t

j.

opporturdti.

:Cl;

unc18rstanc', ti,G interdcYh: of pe.pIes 2nd groups;

c:r' of

Cl

'1'0

I aWl grouT) To use basic s cicl- ski. s· ,

judg ',ent;

J) ..

• 1 Lt..

J.

objcctiv~s 0:'. lU

:.Joci:J.1 <)tudi

Gr:,:!~

s: s:..':nt i

tu,:~tion;

Journ::~l

of ,->'

l~C

tionc:1

i

.:..,tlCJcl, nr.6, 26;

n. 53-C}\". -

~Curn

^v^1--,

~~. ~.:

ⁿ ^.w ^.:j^r~r

:':'0

c

:L,,~I_

0t ucii,;

^S"

nr. 5,

p.

6:,,'L-

:3 ,

(6)

I'Hecrcational

3 ~n~ hob~

s;

cr~at

t go iGu, is In bai du eli onder

, t .

011C!

(.r:. 'rO:;';lYl

3,~}lmE::nslik·:,;

vcrhc:ud

O ^{C' ' .}

, 0'-0

roe

.;~n rQlc:~ticn ".:> • •

t r 01 t soc studi

S

Jilust

a studGnt E:: ocial

5cicnc~s

••.•

.Ln

tho last r0 ort th Drobl of our

5

c 2ty

lS th~

DrobL.;r:l of cat : and all our disorc

ⁱ

rs

b·:.; trac back to 12c

o~

ri t "'.ticn 5) by l i sic cint

lik a.an by die opLji( v

crv'Ys~rs

• t on ':;. ie sam",

1

^Q ^~os

^1'" ^.

^:::~2^,

~ \

elis 001: In t b.)u

^VI

waar die sosiale waardes van.die onderwys en op

voeding nie deur 50siol06 of opvoedkundiges beklem

toon word nie maar wel deur opvoedkundi88 sosiol06 7 )

Hierdie bewE::rin.': word dan ook bevrys met aan

haling dat ,die Sosiologie die mees algemene _ __

4. Vgl. hci.,CJ.uc;h1in, .\7.: iiiouth ,cm ^{a c:.} ^et;

in

Frogr0s5iv~

LCLcation, lY44; 5-6.

5. Dent, "[-:.0.:

^h. i\j2~'I

Order in.T:;lish .2:clucation, T).5 •

.t'.onrOfJ: EncycloPQ(i,i'1 of ·'(11;c

~1tj

on;- J r"Sf

'1

rei: , 0 p . 1213, 121l.

C::..rr, .::', H.:

r r , : L . · ' u , I,y,

':::".:J.: \;~Qctal

ies,i:

Ea C ,{clont'id i e. of

1:.,(',)C

rltj 01] . ' l i t ·

5" c:;

re b 1.: Dii;Joncl,

~;. :~.~.: ',';}l ~~.t,

t·s

Jti)!::,:

.·t

~\7j

-t

l~,_

tIl(.__ '.c.

of the 00C

~oci21 ~ducation,

: 9-11,

u::D'\.J,

Vgl.: iv. to Cv.' ii)rl:: '.t'll" ;jtat.::;

:'::ducc.tion UCDartiicnt. llCincioook for imr;,l Elo

icntary Scl~C'013" Curriculum 3u.1Ltin-~0. 2.

TIt", sc>ci.:"lltucii,>s Gronn. (, t

l(ural s s

Co,;~,iitt(;" UlH~'..:r th~

direc

tion oi the. c&tion

~;j.vision,

34, . 21, 58;,

6. SLipson,

·,~c.orr:::: i·jCL'1

in ;:;,C'ci.;;tYi Dou1::l1uday Short btuci:l s in

Sociolo~;y.

h',::;fc:,cc to 00ci810, c,no tll.; 00(:i

SciEmce:s. 1 and

0;",':1)", ^~~nc.,

,.. i?rdc:n C

C\q

York,

(7)

283. 8) en mecs basie33 van die Sosiale Studies is • Feit in a universiteite on ie verskillende onde1"'V1.ryseropleidingsko eges word In variasie van Opvoedkundige siologie aange) d, waarmee die AmerikaansEJ nDemocratic way of life;? inter

preteer word. Die Opvoedkundige Sosiologie is die bindmidclel tussen die sosiale wetenska e en die Sosiale Studies.

rdie le raarnwerk van e Amerikaanse opvoedingsbeskouing met die Sosiale Studies, het tot slagaar die Sosia stiese lewens- en wereldbeskouing. Die samelewing en kultuur lewer die absolute waardes en norme - dus

die versosiologisering van alles \Vat met onder

wys en opvoeding te make het. Die Sosialisme deursuur die s0siologistiese 0pvoeding, wat tot

opcnbaring kom die alg le sosialisering van e onder'l.,ry sstels en pragmatistic se ui tinge

daarvan. lnderdaad is die

do~lstelling

In daadwerklike paging om met die So Studies tn nreintegration of education and life ••• to

make education ilgrow out of roal life situations li9 ) te bewerkstellig, d.w.s. leer is gelyk aan die

lowe, lewe is gelyk aan die san;elewing en kultuur.

Die Amerikaanse Sosialisme in sy pragmatis

tiese en eksperimentalist se uit gsvorme pas perfek by die Sosiale Studies aan dcur niddel

van "progressive education ••••• ch centered educat ••••• adjusting the child to the

8. Moore & Cole: Sociology in Educational Practice, p.353.

Vgl.: n0bbs: Social Problems and 3cientism, voorfloord p.IV.

9. Davis, :K.: Human Society; The JVlacMillan ^{C•• ,} New York, 1949; p. 228.

chaclis, J.U.: Social Studies for Children in a Dema

racy. Second edition; Prentice-Hall Inc.,New York,1956;p41-44.

(8)

modern world" ), ens., HA Child What He L · d"'

_{I i}

11)

_•

has lve

(3) Die mens- en kindbeskouing.

m~ns-

on kindbeskouing in d Scsiale Stud s het sy grondslag die kuerikaanse sosialistiese lewens- en opvoeding eskouint:;

mGt sy pragmatisti8se en ekspIJrino stioso svoriTIG die onder'Nys."Die

prc:~gnjatisme

wat die bruikbaarheid as maatstaf aanle vir

G in die dit wat in die praktyk nutt on d sbaar is, is good, en wat nie nraktios goe vrugte afworp ni2, goed nie. Die mens in die praktyk is bepalende

faktor in lewe.

en wereldbe ouing wat ra<.,n ten ,grondslag le, met reg as hUIilanist s best!:.;j,;p die

mens stE!8.n die middelpunt Vbn d heelal;; 1).

Eksp orimont alismo is In

ervarin~sfiloso_.CO

10. Habbs: Social Problems and

Sci~ntism,

p. 19.

Vgl.:Voor~Qstelde Leergan~

vir 30sialo Studies in die LaGrskool, 195 ; pp. 6-26.

Vgl.: Hor!1, E.: Report of the Commission on the Social Studies. hcthods of Instruction in the Soc ia 1 Studie s. Scribner

^I

s Sons, 3e"l York, 1937; p.415: lithe theory of soc 1 utility

curriculU:fl

^mE

king

^{11 •}

•

I'~ilpatrick,

VvI.H. & Van Til,

'I~.:

Intercultural Atti

t udes in the IViaking; l'linth Yearbook of the John Dewey Society. Harper & Brothers Pub shers, New York & London, 1947; p. 77T78.

(, 1

1. Bing ruarie "', p. •

2. Childs:

~de.cation

and the philosophy of £xperi

illontalism, p. 92-93.

(9)

285. Die Grvaring:!!okonstruks

5

uit cie ervCirin van die mens in die praktiesc lewensgroGp is diG oorsprong, die bewys- en verklaringsgrond van allo waarrlos en norme in die lewe 3).

In beid0 uitingsvorril3, die P ragmatismc en

Eksperi:1l8ntalisrne, wat hulle baie graag l1American Democracyli noem, staan die mens en die kind in die middelpilllt van die heolal: allE:s is uit, dour en tot d mens en die kind, ook in die

opvoeding. Die opvoeding is kindgerig:

li

Child CGntered ••••• adjusting the· child to the modern

world •••• teaching real life problems in a real life way .•..• developing t creative self

exprGssion of the child •••• ema..l1cipating the personality!1 4). hl hierdie ui tdrukkin::e is

IIwagwoorduli van die kindbeskouing in die opvoeding wat deur en deur humanisties van aard is: die grondslag van die nNuwe, Progressiewe!l opvoe

dingo

Ons vdl diG stelling waag dat die opdrag aan d.ie Komitee van diG 'l'ransvaalse OnderWY5

departemcnt op Tn uitstekendG \'T'jse uitgevoer is.

Die poging van die Transvaalse Onderv,rysdeparte

ment oortref die van ons buurprovinsios b

^0:)

ver, deurdat dit iivolmaak aanpas en inpas

^H

by die

i\.1.1erikaanso lewens- on wereldbeskouing met 5y pragmatistiGSO en oksnorimentalistiose uitinge soos dit in die Sosiale Studies weerspie§l word,

.3. Ibid.

4. fiobbs: Social problems and

Scientisr~l,

p. 19.

(10)

286. (4) Die leerstofinhoud.

Die keuse en ordelike rangskikking van die leerstof in d 00si2 StudiCSii bestaan uit belangri godeoltes van die sosiale weten

skappe, t.w. aardrykskunde, gcskiedcnis, burger

kunos, okononie, sosiolo; en antropologiG 1) en somtyds ook sielkunde 2), maar dan ook

so dat \1Sociology is the most general and t I"OSt basic of th0 social stud

S"

3).

Na aanlciding van die voorgenoeIf;du aanhH

lings stel ons die vraag: (rJaarom dan bels.ng

rike g>'.do81tt""}s van di.:..: sosiale ',,oJ"etenskappe by die kcuse van die leerstof?

Die implikasi(;s Veln die antw80rd op die vraag le opgesluit in die vo ende aanhaling:

;;The; m[;.jor

p1'0018]lS

of our age deal with human relations; the solutions can be found only in education

¹⁰

4). Die verband tussen hierdie aanhaling en die sosialc

w~tenskappc

is dat :

;;All social scientists arG studying one broad class of perceptual enomena, n:lfficly, human

behavioril 5), want e

sosi~le

wotenskanpe het met die.len slike; same levling

tt~

ma ) wat 1. Monroo: Encyclopedia of Educational aesearch, p.1213.

Noore &. Cole: Sociology in Bducational Practice,:o.352.

2. Hobbs: Soc i',.l Problems cnd SCienti.§l£, pro e, p. IV.

1

.

^{h . ;}

..

⁰ ^~T

'V g 1 .: ^B eC1-:':, ^R

^·'7

C

₀₀

k

_J ";. \;,.

t::e. K earney,

^1~.

C C '

_{. :}

urrlCU1

^UIIl

in tho Tlliod

<;?rn

Elementary School; Prentic G-Hall, Inc., New York, 1953;

^D.

288. 3. Moote & Cole:

~ociology

in r..;dL:.c2.tional Practice, p.353.

Vgl.: Hobbs: Social Problems ^am! 0cis.':1t

ⁱ

sm, preface, p.IV.

4. Knowles, 0.: Informal Adult bciucation. A Guide for Administrators,

^L.:~adGrs

and Teache rs; Assoc i£. tion Press, New York, 1950; p. 8-9.

5. Carr, L.J.: Analytical Sociology, Social Situations

c-nd Soc io.l Proble':'s; 2arper &

Broth,.~rs

Publishers,

New York, 1955; P. 2.

(11)

287. 'n bcvJYs is daCl.rvan dat al hierdio wetenskappe 'n dinamiGsG g8h(, 1 van funkcsionorendc dele is diG

str~;',Je

nD

In 0:,18811

apliko dool

die total it van die illensl e belango, SOOS

o.a. onderwys on opvoeding, ekonomiose Kol

vaart st rm'18, reg g, huisgesinne, godsdio s ens. Die: re waaror;1 belangrike gedei.c eS V8.n

(; sosiale w8tcnsk&ppe by die kcuse Vein di8 1 eersto£' vir cl siale btudies moet ld, val

in e,Jn lyn mct diG ngGloof" dat die sosialc wetenskappe die oplossing vir soorto pro- b ltyae bi;3d. :10b bs skrywe: lithe principal sl)urce of this p::ttt2rn of bol fs" and of the ;'soc

~Cll

is purveyed to thE:; general public as c:. curo for sorts of problems

SC~JS

to be

pri~c

ly in sociology and psycho

analysis

^I;

6). Ons kan se dat ons hi er te make het m(;t die

^.tili¹

Crikaanso, el.se en

andere se verbinding van die 00S lOG met die opvoeding waarvan die tipicse ej.cn c

6. Hobbs: Social Frob10r:1s emd Scientism, prG

face, p. IV.

Vgl.: 1ynd, H.::;.: roowledge

^of;~11at?

1

(12)

28b.

deur lVionroE:; soos volg sa[,;<;:gavat word:

1. duman relations L;11phasis.

11. Personality, Culture, and Group Process.

I l l . Group study l'ochniques •

V. Tho .

Community Frame of Life •

(Some Areas .

of Application)

IV Child

acculturation.

VIII The School

Curriculum. :

X School

Cornunity Coordi

nation.

XI Sociolo

gy of hnowledge.

\[11 .i-iuman relations IX School and

in the School. Home relations.

XII Tho School SOCiologist!! 7).

IvTct hierdio SkernCl t se voor ste het ons enersyds die oorbeklGInton van die sosiale"

· , . . h d 8) b " 1 'd'

sowe 1 In

⁰¹⁰

In au as yale op el lng van ondorwyscrs 9) andersycls.

Die inhoud van dio Sos1::10 0tudios 'iIord lr, )

getipecr as 'n drvarin;sveld ~ waarvan die karakte stieke

cicnskap~e ~etoGts

word aan die krito v.::.n uit SWYS2S

^Ol~i

aan en in te pas by die ri sialisGo mot sy prag

matisti8 se en cksperL'Cf'.t ist se ui tingsvorrne.

Die waardetootsstoen by

G

inhoud en samcstclling

7. IV!onroe: Encyclopedia of Educational

l~csearch,

p. 35:3.

8. Ibid., p. 1214.

9. • Brown: :'=duc at ional Soci ology, p. 42: sos ialo waardos in dio opvoeding word deur Opvoeukundige Sosiol08 doseer.

10. T.O.V.: Voorgestelde le()rr:anp: vir Sosi0118 StudiGS

in die laersk?ol, p. 14.

(13)

• • •

9. van

G

Sos L. c ncy

of 8.ction and conC<.uct" wc:;.arm8C; tot dio res1.11

taat van ;,facts (to) \..ct l i

1i

) ekom I'vo rd.

H rr;,e c

:lOU

d

~

OD niG, went voort

durend8 criwente cn Dating word

uit~cvoor)

1

» )

en om in dio

^jonp;sL~

o i,ses &nalise"i

^I-

die kc:>usc v:m

skik is

;:Jat

kan

needs t turc 10arn0:T, for the

r.;

0

s t c f i (; et i

VJ

G1'i& is onE;

govorned by 1 c problems, centers of interust, or generaliz ^d c c Ls ch t.::.Don several

or of tb soc 1

or \?Ih cL, to c._xry rtLer, drm"

2t oncc upon other s

c~s

well

^i.:S th~;

seci studies'; 14). icr d,~n die lio::'!libus" 15) _ vak

wc~arby

do,:; re cncii18de) l:,urloopsllode en

cS lit word om In ge rrelccrde en gei'nt rde studi8-c id: die crgang

Sosia Studies, to vorm: clit sluit ctan cn DaG Dan by die wat er. "Emp cv dence sooms to indicate that the lower des devote major

ei~1plv.sis

to diruct ex['orionco

11. Bobbs: Social Probl:::nns ,::nd 8ci.:::CctiSiH,

^1,).

20.

12.

I:~onroG: Ej.lcyclop(;dL~

of

~~ducationc:.l:ks8ctrch,

'0.12

• Ibid., • 12?3.

•. ck, Look en acarnoy CurriculTht in

^th~

I-ioclern

I;.;lei'~entu.ry

3CllOOl, Part CnG,

Ch~:'.ptcr

5. 14. Ibid., p.1221.

Vgl. vir diD inhoud bv.: lClcLoo.n, 0.:1'110 LC2.r

ning Expcricnc So s. This

1~ci0rD

Age. cial Stud s Sixth Grade; sponrc

~cnd

Pross, Sydnoy, 1953.

15. Single: ~oord en Daad, n. 6.

(14)

290. while sLnultancous fostcrin:::: ills in the , . ..16)

USG of to io.8n.tify that GXpCrlcnce ••• " •

!1

T1':reo basic se f<:Ltore by sos ic..1G Gr is dus

crvc~rin':j

ell ta21. Ervc.ring sluit v.lct

toit\;, pro j,\tc.,

kin(krorg~.:nisasics

en kinder

: J , i 5 . n d L ,-,nskanslewe. Teal slui t skc,ct

b rip}' soos tyd, olck en gut , e n

0

prob 1,'Tat blykbaar in

:.:itudics uit;c'e

s 1u i t is, is go c: ^se; crrig.

rs dit

son~er

0nig8 le Studios

esluit. is

c:~t

ca8.r in die :::vaal on diepgaande stu

clie

V""ll

die

si~lc ~tudics

gemaak is by

stc.~ll

van die lcer:ang n - om Gon voor

b(;.~

to noo,) nl. eland: nThc socio

of oducation fined brit; fly as a study,

of th(; rolc:.tions b:.-t;"I'/cen education and soc ty . . .

It i concerned Gducation aims, I1lethods, institutions, ad;, strs.tion curricula, in rulation to thG ccononic, political,

rcl ious, soc 1 cultli.ral

rc~s O.L

the

C ^1,^l,

soci in ,;y

f1~n

c t ion. t .Jduca

tion of the idual it concerns t influence of social life! sce 1 rc;lationsh:i.ps on

dovoloprrwnt of porsonc,li ty

^Ii

13). Ji<;-, Trans-

v.:;tells,", C)nd,-,rv·rysdepcl:r'to',cnt het in vcr niks hieroor nie.

16.

~ncycloncdia

of

~duc~tional rtcs~arch,

0.1223.

• Ibid.

(15)

T(~cn

rdic agtcrgrond van

b~gins

Is van dio

^~osia18

()s is ons nou in stuat om t.o.v. d

die stel van In kurriku

lum m.oet

^ITO ~~,

die vo ends te statoor:

Tot uitgansspunt noem ons 'n ins deur

ey

^It

'n me

tot

c 0 ings,

^pl~cGs,

persons, .C:1.ctio:lls, cmd i t s; occurrences events

in s al.,ong innividua ; re

in ^t ividuals and

groups; perso:i1 .nd social coJes, standQrds,

in chronology; re ionships butwecn

SOC~3ty

CiliO

groups \; • vat

^V01~

"Cl'

int,':rc;st, utility to pupils

^,,:mc~

eas·.:;

of lo~\rning;; 20), vms.rby veral baie <Clc:..ndag bestea word aan

ekspLris~ntG

in as(') of learn

ing~;

• B

8 ervclrin~sveld

van di0 Sos le Studies gekon

studies 0

~r

no clearly scorniblo order of difficulty, no 10J 21 order of learning, no so s of progrussivo

^l~ws

and princ s. T11G obvious variab s ",-re the individual ils,

c ss, content, th...:: tGachor, th(: cquip

19. ,I\)sloy, E.B.

^[y:,

Adams, lVi.A.: Teaching Social otudies in Elo['L:mt".,ry Schoilils; ath, 1952; p. 362.

2u N.L.A., Department of rintondence. The Social Studies C:).rriculurfJ. Ff'mrtocmth Ycarbo ok, 1936, h('of

stuk 9, gencam uit ,illnroc: Enclyclopedia of

~duc.

ltcs·:;arc·~1,

1:"). 2;;.

(16)

2

^0'"./?- •

21.

22. 2).

I"unt,

^c~nc

the

(cc ) v

c 1

C.l... 'n~'

r:.l

st

io

_G

- ic s ;:'00t vole: n

s

. .

Ol;n~__ Cl0

r

Ji~

kous (; vorband

i t:.'c1o.1st",11ing.

on ciz.;

I'

wo

th t

3 . 0;;;'0):1::

sis upon

history has tended to bring about some changes within the subject, such as devotiilg more space te everyday li , inventions, cOIT@erce, agricul

ture, an;', e.spec lly to recent occurrences

^il

22)

stand.

JAO~1roc

: ..

ibtd. , p. 1215.

I1::i'L , ^p. ^2lf5.

(17)

24. 0chorl

293 •

- S$kryvI!c Schorling: ,;It is ono t:

are

^co.,~) 0

u social

studi~s

se cc and continuity as no

~roat part;; 24).

oorb C;Tcon vc.n

2 SOS

en inhoud ven dic Lemokrasic cn sy nro

b 1

eLl:';, 01';1

na FJ.np;.log vcm di,; erne Dro

sosi

G

lr:·;w·,.; die sos le bo

s te komb ecr tot c de van ciL: v,;rbruiker, p8rsoon

lL:':o lewe, ens.

DS

1 iose cis t.o.v. die kcus4 van die L.;Grstof by d SEtnlest 1

V

t:.::..- .. ^":171J..

die .::.:c:,s Stu

diGS is

S8

mont istiosc uit 25) munt

terrain van

crvaringsko~struksics.

Di gro'1o ^'1 eggence ^' ko;;] tot

Opvi1

die vo- olan1'1al

eXjl~;ri;;li2ntalism

is the bGlif that th, good life is most fully roaliz

mu~u

indivi an social growth is t ing place throuch the continuous proc ss of

. \' 26)

reconstruct cxpcrlence ' •

mE-;nte

(;01.-11'

navorsors stcl diG opvoc

s Dloont vu.S tc stol

<."D1

H:

otud\~nt

Tvc:;.ching;

~}ccGnci,-,dition.

11 Book Compclny, Inc.,

~~w:o

,194S; .228.

26. id.

(18)

~'?4.

trcnt

di~ ~arG, no~

an wut

dlO

in ic t

l(;;wor tot le

~

van die kind in

oi- en ¹

^i.

sta

2. c'~

: dL.: Biologic, En60i;:rino 1 si 0:'

^.L"

uro

G,

Ant rlogi",, Ps

t sg(;:sonclh ri (;n i;j.nc,-.i

Se;), VOC;

sync.

(~ruit

in

kCUS2

<:In be anning van die.;

~rstof

in dic Sosi

0 Studi~s.

kadGr is dit b k - is die aanpas

s

~rstof

by die groei- cn

n~t-

vc..n

vo bydrr,.\;s:

( i ) b ioloC;i.c s onvntt oor die;;

kapas

~it(;

van die

^FC.t

'-' b sto tot ont":ri ling \Tord met

c voor::3i

v~nl

In optin:,wll

8D

kl

r.~,

,'fat 'n baic lJ...:.l&ngrik rol by die cl;

by ciic

ODVOC S -'1'OS

s;

(iv)

(v)

di~ G0s~altps~~ologi

, wat dib g .1

; die

~ wu~ WUGS V2~

t,yct be d;

die insig dat 'n

^i~:;

ie

Ou_;~~

kan insY')ir0.;r

Oh

sy eic b

(19)

5.

S .tU.;.3i~

s S, vJO:cd b,;D ut;

i·

Si.;

sl

-

..'

'1

{

V.'_.c. J

s

c, st~,

1 is

s stu.dL

S

Wilt

r:."'m

t.

tU3scn

ond~'l'S"

k d

1 clie nro

vi~;tj

,.se: opvo.

t:llist vroef§re

^\'lc,

sI

L

t :css

V cdl

vrn

Vc:Il

vot... so rus, OlLrvcr

..:n

VO 0 r"' S :~.(;

01 j:::'LrV,

issi lin(;.

(20)

296 •

;""t

~~~~~

st

_6 S OS

v rt

h

'n ^,.

^u

,~

v

c;

c .• t: tut ,-d

o~' ,-_'.; 1

'.J

r:~

of t' v

\' -' c'

S 2~.:

d

OD.

s

,5

nor ':lly

,1 C H ...

t

:-

-1

r

VJ.

c

. . . ^chi

¹^S

Sc

,,V

r

_J

t 27 )

.:L·.rv ,.t

v ors; :,,"1 ",

L.S

' T V "

v·

1:,:

'. on

s:U"ltsasi vel

( C

i

J.~.... ·~~·.1~!

27. :'", s

~~

1 ' r, ,r

:'l<O~)S It ,-', .:1.."; .. ~ iJ

r ";',"

(21)

297 •

n

v. ,.~rO:,I

Oi'J,

Lt ooh.

t ,;

d i.8

o

..

v

_' nt;LO

10"

;S Of)

ne i

·ur c

(cc:r .

I ~I'_{L \..}

-,

Oi.

t~r

or st

^~

l l i

01 0 l :..'.:1

,

.

~.., "

or . . '.

unvo

r:.

rv r

ton cs,

~.

r.:: ,

•

:S I

'Jcri,..

tic

( ,

. ^:C.i._

^DJ:. ^~'\",^..^C_i~^•.^{; l r u}

Re$J3:arcg,n-.-.1214,1223.

29. Ibid. 122u.

)

.

(22)

2 en-p iries e

. I'D.:::;

op

strL:.

Sl.; V'::.D . -.;:..,., Ej

rui _"r

sosL~l

d:k

I ! l

d

nr: istLsG onvctt

'f).l. t to

or s

31)

otroon

V

('ort.

S',,)3

1 ...

~:v

3

rv

vry;

3"c1

1

~lll

at ^t,

t.

~L.. 11

b

"~,; ~')O

r t

_,\..\·:i,)l-'~." r'~:.·:t.)r Oi

.c,i,l ,';~l).S", j

ckl.

_{J ,}

1\ '1t, lS1+5;

h s to be

^;::;0

ci tf,·,t

~s

on the

^d~v,lop-

run

;~n(;

1'.,

~'Jl ' 0 t,'[.,

r',,1\.·,-

VtJlt,

diltCl:" ti'')j.~;S

'0rc, :i.st:,:;s

.::.:n '," 3""

r(·,:,~

n t l i s t i

<.'.

(23)

s

299. i

dai~r

gccn

SOS:2..

'" v

",' ',; r } •. l il:

truue:rdc:

(d}

sin cis cl

stDt co",lst is, d •

-:.~.r • S •

l1sosic

^1\

³²⁾

ocrb

lii~

c

ook

,::n :J

d

i.~

.

v\:..r:1

ill

i:~'fu1

:..ccount of

~u

1 cts

:..~

scc v,:m die

3L ':

t~

buwc:rkstc:11ig

~j.

s ( ;,,1

c

ru ,_nt

32.

1 'C)nrO(3 :

• 12111-0

33. ^o:)ci:;l Lif",; orlf

250-251.

34. ^S, ^it,],:,

d

(24)

3

J~is

van

s i .

by a

"".; ⁰ ^J. ^,.,_1.:,; Si: v~;',n

,.£,'

(!

1 "Tst

^-L c",D~:l

1 ":: wore , ^st

^~

^t

vo

of

^i,)

on _"nel ov rlo()

⁽

_-

^j

, ^is

st::; of'

ti1C tic 1

cc. ::i.S in

S(:

the

^:C';OS.~

^of ^t c nur'ose 0 t,·.,e Beno content of ':c ,c tion"

ViCi.n

rcJ.:"

orb ve.n di... sos

1 =0

se k as die 1] ·n die

.

..,

illS

t

c) S 1 i:t..L \;

si

^S

va,rl die

l~, sta~n

in die

noust~

v

die vC) oc

^j

olory

--- - - -

^...

- -

35. ^{t l} ,v>fJr,

C)rt

36. ^{, V.} ^..n .,..:;In'.er,

^(l.

C. : Ii.ltrC)',h.1cto ry ooL.; /;:,rr,:r

f)u1J.J~ 311

u r' s,

^-L'~' ^r~l<,

6l:6.

(25)

301. 'we1 aspeksbsiologie, maar d bIy nogtans 50

sio1ogie. Dus, die inhoud van die SosiaIe

Studies is In versosiologiseerde inhoud wat berus op 'n wiI1ikeurige keuse uit felte van e sosio

~at:

ts t

c1 i

G ~n

( s ';'

^{V Le}

n ,; __

f I t

c L; c:/

⁰

f .; c t ^::L

⁰

n con et

^\1.

3

'-'Tvan otl:U:s dLs I

.; (lS v;.;rw:~

.:tc

G

Itc

^v~~

di 50siaIa

^w~t

( 5 )

01.

3

it)

~t,

dies in die b0scnacr s

'-' b s.

hie s"[·ru.;·,.si

vc~n

l8vv::.ns

i.~

o.::31s v',

^i.

di

^pO.f~

onv!),;;

le-v'i.

^~situ,si

. s t...:: I re> i.

ven

(26)

DiG

to i

LL

l{ 1 )

~.lOsic1

i

302.

J.'; V·)

1icat

S 0

le s

""n die k

n

on

nSl r i i cn

(Ee

1ik:

,~} ?\

( ,

J

S W.:i.t

d

v,'n T12rsccn

c

., '1

~.nv-LO

1. VI.

4: ^{v (e).} ^Vc:..rl

Cl

l'stuk

on

51;

;:;C; C l

Idlson

C,i-r2i.1·'I-;

11, 1

1.-./1.... , •

G.

~ ~c

Gr"'c

¹^.'T-

r;

2. ore

6~

Col..:;:

fs+:,uk

(27)

V,,

1.','

v. crtu';T· J

r.

t "

^Cl

v

l.'C.G

v,.;r

c~ --~ <

v:n diu rS'G

,~t

is

on·:;.

".1"

s s0Yl,trics

,est

v·-,oror n

Wc,.t be

^v}

of wo

s-

orc

f

^(;1:~

ss .,. ,

OS:.

,l.' ',' ,

v

lS,._"

i

,,;bru~.c;

i;:ri t

^;J.t

:31 uit!,·\,;vo,~

r ',':)r

1:.. ... , ,0...-1 •

:3 •

^Vi~l.: ^1,TO

".r

tF1C CO.,

,~'i'r

or:,

~II

11

0 :[ ~

-c ): k 9:

(28)

3(;4 .

J•• • V',~

b

i lyf

, 'T )

ro

^,~Y)

4)

_OIl

_{die (;}

t.0 st

5 )

by c,

l L :, ()

s i

,:'.S

vc

cl hU,', tct

0 S bru:L,~b OD

t-,:;

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s eli

uit

CD " V':';!'",00:

ust

1.1

rcnci0

si

tu::.~si~.

(o.)'L. wont

Lul t

1JU1'OOr~

drc.,'.;

5

,':s l l I o c l

SV_J

lo\'IC uitL of ^In

⁵⁰

1,-::

-:!2 S G

5, s, c;. i .

in

01.;\-..:.11

in

(, i (; r:". (lst\,:

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.

^,LD

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1:10rd L~,

to;;,::;

00 S

rjb:~

,

4. in

, 11r.-,

-1

'.

_'.',_o_o_l_~_cl_c:tl

d:::::td, p. 6.

(29)

3 5.

SOS

t",;:~c.

soc;,~t.

"c'

8" O~-.

6)

o

vnort

7 )

hJ..

"ur

5

b r

:.1 , .:1

i

,',..L

l' '" ^,~

.

t

Cl

r

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(j.~ t o ( ) n

'. .

,

c i' T

(j ':..-, C' "1 '"L' C' :i.11(,~1

i';

l~OOfl'

r

r l • i L.

3

t; yl l.:~ 1.1 S S : . . ~ J^{1 "}

11: :coci .. li2

l )

194(,.

v ...

1 ji t

r b

T'O

:Ulli

ur

(30)

3utS

in (;:::

"

1

v<

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A '

( V )

v

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• VII. S.

;1' ,.1'

.L,

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1

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,

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;,

1

c ..:

ills

r'

_. s" t v r

tot

^0,

1 r r t st ui orOjJ.

t., .~l.

(31)

307

-, '..L

rSOOYll.

( f)

'.;n b r

st e v;

0:,

1 v

:1

001 'f;'.t

1 r en

to

o. ook

~ , ^.

s

..

---

^\..;

v

r

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^T

v',n

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t t

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s die s

s :Ls

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b i_-l

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vir ie, sy

3 C)

i

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1.

,-r-r V 1. •

(32)

3 _•

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