Renewable Energy in The Netherlands
August 2015
Dr. Martien Visser
Professor Energy Transition & Network Integration
Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen
Partner of the Energy Academy Europe
E-mail: b.m.visser@pl.hanze.nl
This analyses contains information of various sources and own analyses, including various estimates. Readers are encouraged to add, to improve the quality of the information provided.
The fraction of renewable energy in The Netherlands was 6.3%.
Electricity production by wind was 20% lower than in August 2014, although wind capacity increased by 20% y-o-y.
Average utilization of wind capacity was (just) 17% and of solar-PV, it was 16% Coal usage in Dutch power generation increased by 40% y-o-y.
Dutch CO2 emissions increased by 2% compared to August 2014.
The fraction renewable power was 9.9%, down from 11.6% in August 2014.
For each month in 2015, both the production of renewable energy and the emission of CO2 have increased in the Netherlands.
August 2015
In a Nutshell
• August 2015 data
• Monthly profiles
• Monthly data
• Hourly data
• Miscellaneous
Content
Aug-15 Page 4SELECTED ENERGY DATA FROM AUGUST 2015
Final Energy Demand
August 2015
Energy is used for many different purposes. In August 2015, the most important applications were gas and various forms of transport. Renewables
are given by comparison.
Aug-15 Page 6 15.1 12.6 11.5 8.7 5.6 4.1 4.0 2.9 2.5 0 5 10 15 20
Gas** Road Transport* Shipping*
Power Feedstock* Industry*
Aviation* Coal** Ren-Energy*
August 2015 TWh
Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, etc.., own analyses
*estimated **excl. gas&coal-to-power
Final Energy Demand
August 2015 (vs 2014)
In August 2015, energy used for feedstock has been estimated to be significantly lower than in 2014.
Aug-15 Page 7 -1.1 1.1 0.1 0.0 -2.4 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Gas** Road Transport* Shipping*
Power Feedstock* Industry*
Aviation* Coal** Ren-Energy*
August 2015 versus August 2014 TWh
Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, own analyses
*estimated **excl. gas&coal-to-power
CO2 Emissions
August 2015
The national CO2 emissions for August 2015, excluding power imports, feedstock and international shipping & aviation, are estimated at 11.8 Mton. This is 2% higher than in August 2014. The main CO2
contributions come from the power sector and road transport.
Aug-15 Page 8 2.7 3.5 3.2 3.4 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.0 0.6 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
Mton CO2 August 2015
*do not contribute to the national CO2 target ** excl. gas & coal to power Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, RIVM,
This summer, the second 800 MW unit of the RWE coal-fired power station at Eemshaven came online. The growth of wind and solar-PV capacity continued.
Power Generation
Capacity August 2015
Aug-15 Page 9 13728 7365 3250 644 1325 492 0 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000Gas Coal Wind Biomass* Solar Nuclear
Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, Windstats, own analyses
Power Supplies
August 2015
In August 2015, power consumption was 8.7 TWh, the same as last year. Most power has been generated by coal-fired power stations. In August 2015, the average contribution from
renewables to the power system was 9.9%, compared to 11.6% in August 2014.
Aug-15 Page 10 1.96 3.82 0.37 0.14 0.37 0.37 1.43 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
NatGas Coal Wind Solar-PV Biomass Nuclear Net imports
Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, own analyses
CO2 from Power
Generation
August 2015
The CO2 emissions from imports are given for comparison, as these emissions do not contribute to the National Dutch CO2 emission level. In August 2015, 85% of the CO2
emissions from the power sector came from coal-fired power stations.
Aug-15 Page 11 0.5 2.7 0 0 0 0 0.9 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
natgas coal wind solar biomass nuclear imports
Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, own analyses
Mton CO2
SELECTED MONTHLY PROFILES
(using daily data)
Daily power demand shows a week-weekend pattern. Daily gas demand (excluding gas demand for power) from industry has a similar pattern. In
summer, little gas is used for the heating market.
Gas and Power Demand
August 2015
Aug-15 Page 13 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug Power Gas*
August 2015
GWh
Coal-fired power stations showed a week-weekend pattern. Gas-fired generation used, is typically must-run capacity (e.g. cogeneration) and necessary to balance the system.
Conventional Power
Production
August 2015
Aug-15 Page 14 0 50 100 150 200 250 3001-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug Coal Gas Nuclear
August 2015
GWh
August 2015 had little wind. Hence, although there was a significant increase in installed capacity, less wind energy production decreased by 22% compared to August 2014.
1 GWh is sufficient to provide power for a year to 300 households.
Wind and Solar
Power Production
August 2015
Aug-15 Page 15 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 501-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug Wind Solar-PV
August 2015
GWh
Renewable energy as a fraction of final energy consumption peaked at 7.6% on august 23rd , while the fraction of renewable power peaked to 18.9% that day.
Contribution of
Renewable Energy
August 2015
Aug-15 Page 16 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%1-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug Ren%Power Ren%Final
August 2015
SELECTED MONTHLY ENERGY DATA
For the first time this year, gas demand, excluding gas-to-power, was slightly lower than the same month in 2014.
Gas Demand
(excluding gas-to-power)
2015 (and 2014)
Aug-15 Page 18 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses
2015 (2014)
Due to lower production from the Groningen gas field and declining gas production from the North Sea, Dutch gas production in 2015 is considerable lower than in 2014.
10 TWh gas is sufficient to supply heat to all houses in Amsterdam for two years
Gas Production
2015 (and 2014)
Aug-15 Page 19 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Sources: GTS, own analyses
2015 (2014)
Power demand in August was the same as last year.
Power Demand
2015 (and 2014)
Aug-15 Page 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12Sources: TenneT, CBS, own analyses
2015 (2014)
Wind power production is very volatile. Wind production in august 2015 was 22% lower that a year ago, although wind capacity increased by 20% y-o-y.. In August
2015, the average utilization of wind capacity was just 16%.
Wind Production
2015 (and 2014)
Aug-15 Page 21 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9Sources: CertiQ, KNMI, own analyses
2015 (2014)
In August 2015, electricity production by Solar PV in The Netherlands was slightly less than the record level s in June and July. The average utilization rate of solar-PV
capacity was 15% in August.
Solar PV Production
2015 (and 2014)
Aug-15 Page 22 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18Sources: PolderPV.nl, CertiQ, Klimaatmonitor, KNMI, own analyses
2015 (2014)
Coal utilization for power generation is structurally about 35% higher in 2015 compared to 2014. In August, the average utilization rate of coal-fired power stations in the Netherlands
has been calculated at 72%. This percentage includes the effects of maintenance. Excluding maintenance, the utilization rate of coal-fired power has been 78%.
Coal-to-Power
2015 (and 2014)
Aug-15 Page 23 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses
2015 (2014)
In August 2015, power production by gas-fired power stations and cogeneration was less decreased compared to July 2015. In August, the average utilization rate of
gas-fired capacity was 20%. This percentage includes maintenance and mothballed installations.
Gas to Power
2015 (and 2014)
Aug-15 Page 24 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses
2015 (2014)
On average, LNG imports in 2015 increased by 200% compared to 2014. This figure depicts the amount of LNG injected into the gas grid, as presented by GTS. The figure
excludes therefore the usage of LNG as transport fuel
LNG imports
2015 (and 2014)
July--15 Page 25 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8Sources: GTS, own analyses
2015 (2014)
Renewable Energy
All Sources
2015 (and 2014)
The data show that in 2015, the renewable energy in The Netherlands was higher in any month so far. The average increase is 16% y-o-y.
Aug-15 Page 26 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses
2015 (2014)
Despite higher production of renewable energy, the percentage of renewable energy is slightly lower than previous year, due to a higher energy usage.
Renewable Energy
Percentage
2015 (and 2014)
Aug-15 Page 27 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8%Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses
National CO2 emissions from the Netherland s are consistently higher than in 2014, mainly due high utilization of coal for Dutch power production.
CO2 Emissions
2015 (and 2014)
Aug-15 Page 28 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, CE-Delft, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses
2015 (2014)
SELECTED HOURLY ENERGY DATA
In August 2015, substantial gas volumes were used to fill gas storages, depicted as negative values in the figure. This month, hardly any LNG was injected into the grid.
Gas Supply
August 2015
Aug-15 Page 30 -60000 -40000 -20000 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 1000001-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug
Natural Gas Supply August 2015
Storages Gas import LNG Terminals Production
MWh
In August, gas demand in The Netherlands peaked to 38000 MW. During summer, gas consumption is mainly by industry.
Gas Demand
Including Gas-to-Power
August 2015
Aug-15 Page 31 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 450001-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug
Gas Demand August 2015
Industry Distribution
MWh
Gas Imports & Exports
August 2015
In August 2015, Dutch gas imports were 6 TWh higher than Dutch gas exports. This is the third month in 2015 that the Netherlands was a net importing country (on a monthly basis)
Aug-15 Page 32 -60000 -40000 -20000 0 20000 40000 60000
1-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug
August 2015
Gas export Gas import
MWh
Power Imports &
Exports
August 2015
In August 2015, power imports were much higher than power exports.. Typically, the Netherlands imported about 3000 MW of power, while it exported about 1000 MW.
Aug-15 Page 33 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
1-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug
August 2015
Power import Power export
MWh
In The Netherlands, summers are characterized by a low availability of wind. August 2015 has been no exception to this rule, with a utilization rate of the
available wind capacity of 3250 MW by just 17%.
Wind Power
August 2015
Aug-15 Page 34 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 30001-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug
Wind Power August 2015
MWh
In August Solar-PV the amount of Solar-PV has been 140 GWh. The utilization rate of the solar PV installed was 16%.
Solar PV Power
August 2015
Aug-15 Page 35 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9001-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug
Solar Power August 2015
MWh
The following set of slides presents for each month
in 2015 the hourly contributions of various energy
sources to total power consumption in The
Netherlands.
Power Generation
January 2015
In the week of 20-24 January, power generation peaked, due to the net exports that occurred. The majority of the additional power generation has been generated by
gas-fired installations. -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
1-Jan 8-Jan 15-Jan 22-Jan 29-Jan Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas
MW January 2015
sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added
Power Generation
February 2015
Like in January, low wind availability coincided with net exports of power.
-2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb
Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas
MW February 2015
sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added
Power Generation
March 2015
Relatively low imports of power occurred in March. On several Saturdays, some net exports were recorded.
-2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
1-Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar
Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas
MW March 2015
sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added
Power Generation
April 2015
Relatively low imports of power occurred in April. On several occasions, mainly on Saturdays, net exports were recorded. April showed several days with high coal-fired generation, while gas-fired generation was low.
Aug-15 Page 40 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
1-Apr 8-Apr 15-Apr 22-Apr 29-Apr
Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas
MW April 2015
Power Generation
May 2015
In May, high net imports and high coal utilization squeezed gas-fired power generation. Aug-15 Page 41 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
1-May 8-May 15-May 22-May 29-May
Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas
MW May 2015
Power Generation
June 2015
In June, high net imports and high coal utilization squeezed out gas-fired power generation. Aug-15 Page 42 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun
Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas
MW June 2015
Power Generation
July2015
In July, imports were more moderate than in June; consequently, although coal utilization remained high, more gas-fired power generation was
registered than in June.
Aug-15 Page 43 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
1-Jul 8-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 29-Jul
Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas
MW July 2015
Power Generation
August 2015
In August, there were a lot of power imports and consequently, not much gas-fired power generation was used.
Aug-15 Page 44 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
1-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug
Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas
MW August 2015
The following set of slides presents for each week in
2015 the hourly contributions of wind and solar-PV
to the total power consumption in The Netherlands.
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 200005-Jan 6-Jan 7-Jan 8-Jan 9-Jan 10-Jan 11-Jan
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Sources: TenneT, CertiQ,, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc.., own analyses
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000012-Jan 13-Jan 14-Jan 15-Jan 16-Jan 17-Jan 18-Jan
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc.., own analyses
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000019-Jan 20-Jan 21-Jan 22-Jan 23-Jan 24-Jan 25-Jan
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000026-Jan 27-Jan 28-Jan 29-Jan 30-Jan 31-Jan 1-Feb
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 200002-Feb 3-Feb 4-Feb 5-Feb 6-Feb 7-Feb 8-Feb
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, KNMI, PolderPV.nl, etc., own analyses
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 200009-Feb 10-Feb 11-Feb 12-Feb 13-Feb 14-Feb 15-Feb
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, KNMI, PolderPV.nl, etc., own analyses
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000016-Feb 17-Feb 18-Feb 19-Feb 20-Feb 21-Feb 22-Feb
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000023-Feb 24-Feb 25-Feb 26-Feb 27-Feb 28-Feb 1-Mar
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses
MWh 201
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 200002-Mar 3-Mar 4-Mar 5-Mar 6-Mar 7-Mar 8-Mar
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 200009-Mar 10-Mar 11-Mar 12-Mar 13-Mar 14-Mar 15-Mar
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000016-Mar 17-Mar 18-Mar 19-Mar 20-Mar 21-Mar 22-Mar
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000023-Mar 24-Mar 25-Mar 26-Mar 27-Mar 28-Mar 29-Mar
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000030-Mar 31-Mar 1-Apr 2-Apr 3-Apr 4-Apr 5-Apr
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 200006-Apr 7-Apr 8-Apr 9-Apr 10-Apr 11-Apr 12-Apr
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000013-Apr 14-Apr 15-Apr 16-Apr 17-Apr 18-Apr 19-Apr
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000020-Apr 21-Apr 22-Apr 23-Apr 24-Apr 25-Apr 26-Apr
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, Windstats, Klimaatmonitor, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, own analyses
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 62 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000027-Apr 28-Apr 29-Apr 30-Apr 1-May 2-May 3-May
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 63 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 200004-May 5-May 6-May 7-May 8-May 9-May 10-May
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 64 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000011-May 12-May 13-May 14-May 15-May 16-May 17-May
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 65 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000018-May 19-May 20-May 21-May 22-May 23-May 24-May
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 66 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000025-May 26-May 27-May 28-May 29-May 30-May 31-May
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 67 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 200001-Jun 2-Jun 3-Jun 4-Jun 5-Jun 6-Jun 7-Jun
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 68 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 200008-Jun 9-Jun 10-Jun 11-Jun 12-Jun 13-Jun 14-Jun
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 69 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000015-Jun 16-Jun 17-Jun 18-Jun 19-Jun 20-Jun 21-Jun
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 70 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000022-Jun 23-Jun 24-Jun 25-Jun 26-Jun 27-Jun 28-Jun
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 71 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000029-Jun 30-Jun 1-Jul 2-Jul 3-Jul 4-Jul 5-Jul
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 72 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 200006-Jul 7-Jul 8-Jul 9-Jul 10-Jul 11-Jul 12-Jul
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 73 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000013-Jul 14-Jul 15-Jul 16-Jul 17-Jul 18-Jul 19-Jul
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 74 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000020-Jul 21-Jul 22-Jul 23-Jul 24-Jul 25-Jul 26-Jul
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 75 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000027-Jul 28-Jul 29-Jul 30-Jul 31-Jul 1-Aug 2-Aug
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 76 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 200003-Aug 4-Aug 5-Aug 6-Aug 7-Aug 8-Aug 9-Aug
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 77 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000010-Aug 11-Aug 12-Aug 13-Aug 14-Aug 15-Aug 16-Aug
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 78 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000017-Aug 18-Aug 19-Aug 20-Aug 21-Aug 22-Aug 23-Aug
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
Hourly Solar-PV and
Wind Generation 2015
Aug-15 Page 79 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 2000024-Aug 25-Aug 26-Aug 27-Aug 28-Aug 29-Aug 30-Aug
Rest Wind solar-PV
MWh 2015
MISCELLANEOUS
In Augusts 2015, the average daily effective temperature (temperature including wind shield factor) was about 15 oC. For comparison, the same temperatures of August 2014
are presented at the background.
Effective Temperature
August 2015
Aug-15 Page 81 0 5 10 15 20 251-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug
August 2015 (2014)
Sources: KNMI, own analyses
Characteristic CO2 emissions used in this presentation.
Fuel Specific CO2
Emissions
204 279 341 450 298 396 798 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 g/kWhSources: CE-Delft, own analyses Power Generation Fuels