Renewable Energy in The Netherlands

Renewable Energy in The Netherlands

Dr. Martien Visser

Professor Energy Transition & Network Integration Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen

Partner of the Energy Academy Europe E-mail: b.m.visser@pl.hanze.nl

This analyses contains information of various sources and own analyses, including various estimates. Readers are encouraged to add, to improve the quality of the information provided.

 Electricity production by Solar Energy was 21% higher than in March 2014  Electricity production by wind energy was 40% higher than in March 2014  A capacity of 62 MW of wind and 30 MW of solar PV was added in March 2015  Power imports into the Netherlands were 65% lower than in previous year  LNG imports increased by 400% compared to March 2014 (sheet 56)

 Coal fired power generation increased by 20% compared to last year  In March 2015, CO2 emissions were 8% higher compared to last year

 The fraction renewable energy was 4.0% compared to 4.1% in March 2014  A solar eclipse occurred on March 20 (sheet 54)

 A partial black-out occurred on March 27 (sheet 55)

March 2015

In a Nutshell

• March 2015 data

• Monthly profiles

• Monthly data

• Hourly data

• Miscellaneous

Content

SELECTED ENERGY DATA FROM MARCH 2015

Final Energy Demand

March 2015

Energy is used for many different purposes. In March, the most important applications were heating/gas (29.7 TWh) and transport (27.5 TWh). Final energy demand, including sources that do not contribute to national CO2

targets, was about 80 TWh. Renewables are given by comparison.

Mar 15 Page 6 29.7 12.8 11.3 9.9 6.5 3.9 3.4 2.8 2.4 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Gas** Transport* Shipping* Power Feedstock* Industry* Aviation* Coal** Ren-Energy*

March 2015

TWh

Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, etc.., own analyses

*estimated **excl. gas&coal-to-power

Final Energy Demand

March 2015

In March 2015, gas consumption was higher than last year, due to lower winter temperatures. Energy used for bunkering and feedstock is estimated to be

lower than previous year.

Mar 15 Page 7 2.9 0.5 -0.2 0.4 -1.6 -0.4 0.1 _-0.1 0.1 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0

Gas** Transport* Shipping* Power Feedstock* Industry* Aviation* Coal** Ren-Energy*

March 2015 versus March 2014

TWh

Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, own analyses

*estimated **excl. gas&coal-to-power

CO2 Emissions

March 2015

The national CO2 emission in March 2015, excluding power imports, feedstock and international shipping & aviation, has been estimated at 14,8 Mton. This was 8% higher than in March 2014 ,

primarily caused by more gas consumption, more coal utilization, and lower power imports.

Mar 15 Page 8 5.3 3.6 _3.2 4.0 1.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Mton CO2 March 2015

*do not contribute to the national CO2 target ** excl. gas & coal to power Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS,

Wind power increased by 62 MW last month, while the estimated increase in solar energy was 30 MW. The first 800 MW part of a new coal fired power station at

Eemshaven has come on stream.

Power Generation

Capacity March 2015

Gas Coal Wind Biomass* Solar Nuclear

Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, Windstats, own analyses

Power Supplies

March 2015

In March 2015, power consumption in 2014 was 9.9 TWh, 4% higher than in March 2014. Imports decreased by 23%, exports increased by 50%. The usage of coal for power generation increased by 20% y-o-y. In March, the average contribution from renewables to

the power supplies was 10.7%.

Mar 15 Page 10 4.2 3.4 0.66 0.07 0.36 0.37 0.60 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

NatGas Coal Wind solar-PV Biomass Nuclear Net imports Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, own analyses

SELECTED MONTHLY PROFILES

(using daily data)

Daily power demand shows a week-weekend pattern. Daily gas demand (excluding gas demand for power) is mainly used for the heating market and

affected by ambient temperature.

Mar 15 Page 12

Gas and Power Demand

March 2015

1-Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar Power Gas*

March 2015

GWh

Daily conventional power generation peaked on March 2rd_{. Depending on}

power demand, power imports and renewables production, coal usage for power generation showed a weak week/weekend pattern.

Mar 15 Page 13

Conventional Power

Production

March 2015

1-Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar Coal Gas Nuclear

March 2015

GWh

Wind generation peaked on March 31 at more than 55 GWh. Solar PV was low in March, but increased by 20% compared to the March 2014

1 GWh is sufficient to provide power for a year to 300 households

Mar 15 Page 14

Wind and Solar

Power Production

March 2015

1-Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar Wind Solar-PV

March 2015

GWh

Renewable energy peaked to 6% on March 31st _{, while the fraction of renewable power}

peaked to 22% that day. These high values have been caused by high wind speeds in the last couple of days in March 2015, resulting in high wind power.

Mar 15 Page 15

Contribution of

Renewable Energy

March 2015

1-Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar Ren% Power Ren% Prim.

March 2015

SELECTED MONTHLY ENERGY DATA

In March 2015 gas demand (excluding gas demand for power production) was substantially higher than in March 2014, mainly due to lower temperatures in 2015

Mar 15 Page 17

Gas Demand

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

In March 2015, Dutch gas production was 27% lower than in March 2014. 10 TWh gas is sufficient to supply heat all houses in Amsterdam for two years

Mar 15 Page 18

Gas Production

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

For the third consecutive month, power demand was higher than previous years, indicating a continued growth of the Dutch economy

Mar 15 Page 19

Power Demand

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: TenneT, CBS, own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

Wind power production is very volatile y-o-y. In February 2015, wind power generation was much lower than in previous year. In March 2015, the production

of wind power was 40% higher than last year.

Mar 15 Page 20

Wind Production

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: CertiQ, KNMI, own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

In March 2015, Solar PV was 21% higher than in previous year, mainly due to increased Solar PV capacity.

Mar 15 Page 21

Solar PV Production

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: PolderPV.nl, CertiQ, Klimaatmonitor, KNMI, own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

For the third consecutive month, coal utilization for power generation has increased by about 20%. Mar 15 Page 22

Coal-to-Power

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

In March, power production by gas-fired power stations and cogeneration has increased significantly compared to previous year. Main reason are the decreased

net imports to the Netherlands.

Mar 15 Page 23

Gas to Power

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

Renewable Energy

All Sources

2015 (and 2014)

In March 2015, total renewable energy production in The Netherlands increased by about 3% compared to March 2014. Lower contributions from biomass were

compensated by higher contributions from wind and sun.

Mar 15 Page 24 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

In March 2015, the estimated national percentage of renewable energy as fraction of total energy demand (EU definition) has been estimated at 4.0%.

Mar 15 Page 25

Renewable Energy

Percentage

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

For the third consecutive month, Dutch CO2 emissions have increased compared to previous year. The increase in March was 8%. The main causes are a higher energy usage

due to lower temperatures, economic growth and less power imports.

Mar 15 Page 26

CO2 Emissions

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, CE-Delft, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014) Mton

SELECTED HOURLY ENERGY DATA

In March 2015, hourly gas production peaked at 150.000 MW (150 GW). LNG production in March was limited to 1,2 TWh, although five times higher than in March

2014. Mar 15 Page 28

Gas Supply

March 2015

1-Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar

Natural Gas origins March 2015

Storages Gas import LNG Terminals Production

MWh

On March 3rd_{, gas demand in The Netherlands peaked to 80.000 MW (80 GW). The}

peak in gas demand has been caused by a combination of relatively low temperatures and high demand of gas for power generation.

Mar 15 Page 29

Gas Demand

Including Gas-to-Power

March 2015

1-Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar

Gas Demand March 2015

Industry LDC points

MWh

Mar 15 Page 30

Gas Imports & Exports

March 2015

In March 2015, gas exports were 46 TWh, 9% lower than previous year. On the other hand, gas imports were 20% higher than in March 2014.

-100000 -80000 -60000 -40000 -20000 0 20000 40000 60000

1-Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar

March 2015

Gas export Gas import

MWh

Mar 15 Page 31

Power Imports &

Exports

March 2015

In March 2015, power imports 2.1Wh, 23% less than in March 2014. Power exports increased to 1.5 TWh, 51% higher than previous year.

-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

1-Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar

March 2015

Power import Power export

MWh

March 2015 was characterized by high wind availability in the beginning and the end of the month, and low wind availability in between.

Mar 15 Page 32

Wind Power

March 2015

1-Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar

Wind Power March 2015

MWh

In March Solar-PV peaked to 500 MW, up from 360 MW in February 2015. In March 2015, solar-PV was 20% higher than previous year, due to higher solar-PV installed

capacity. On March, there was a solar eclipse.

Mar 15 Page 33

Solar PV Power

March 2015

1-Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar

Solar Power March 2015

MWh

The following set of slides presents for each month

in 2015 the hourly contributions of various energy

sources to total power consumption in The

Netherlands.

Mar 15 Page 35

Power Generation

January 2015

1-Jan 8-Jan 15-Jan 22-Jan 29-Jan Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas

MW January 2015

sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added

In the week of 20-24 January, power generation peaked, due to the net exports that occurred. The majority of the additional power generation has been generated by

Mar 15 Page 36

Power Generation

February 2015

Like in January, low wind availability coincided with net exports of power.

-2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000

1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb

Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas

MW February 2015

Mar 15 Page 37

Power Generation

March 2015

1-Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar

Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas

MW March 2015

sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added

Relatively low imports of power occurred in March. On some Saturdays, some net exports were recorded.

The following set of slides presents for each week in

2015 the hourly contributions of wind and solar-PV

to the total power consumption in The Netherlands.

Mar 15 Page 39

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

5-Jan 6-Jan 7-Jan 8-Jan 9-Jan 10-Jan 11-Jan Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar 15 Page 40

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

12-Jan 13-Jan 14-Jan 15-Jan 16-Jan 17-Jan 18-Jan Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar 15 Page 41

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

19-Jan 20-Jan 21-Jan 22-Jan 23-Jan 24-Jan 25-Jan Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar 15 Page 42

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

26-Jan 27-Jan 28-Jan 29-Jan 30-Jan 31-Jan 1-Feb Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar 15 Page 43

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

2-Feb 3-Feb 4-Feb 5-Feb 6-Feb 7-Feb 8-Feb Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar 15 Page 44

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

9-Feb 10-Feb 11-Feb 12-Feb 13-Feb 14-Feb 15-Feb Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar 15 Page 45

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

16-Feb 17-Feb 18-Feb 19-Feb 20-Feb 21-Feb 22-Feb Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar 15 Page 46

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

23-Feb 24-Feb 25-Feb 26-Feb 27-Feb 28-Feb 1-Mar Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses

Mar 15 Page 47

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

2-Mar 3-Mar 4-Mar 5-Mar 6-Mar 7-Mar 8-Mar Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar 15 Page 48

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

9-Mar 10-Mar 11-Mar 12-Mar 13-Mar 14-Mar 15-Mar Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar 15 Page 49

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

16-Mar 17-Mar 18-Mar 19-Mar 20-Mar 21-Mar 22-Mar Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar 15 Page 50

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

23-Mar 24-Mar 25-Mar 26-Mar 27-Mar 28-Mar 29-Mar Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

MISCELLANEOUS

The effective temperature (temperature including wind shield factor) in March 2015. Mar 15 Page 52

Effective Temperature

March 2015

1-Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar

March 2015

Sources: KNMI, own analyses

Characteristic CO2 emissions used in this presentation.

Mar 15 Page 53

Fuel Specific CO2

Emissions

Sources: CE-Delft, own analyses Power Generation

Effects of the solar eclipse on March 20th _{have been limited due to cloudiness. In the afternoon}

of March 20th_{, after the solar eclipse, the clouds have disappeared}

Mar 15 Page 54

Solar-PV production

affected by the solar

eclipse on March 20

19-Mar 20-Mar 21-Mar

Solar Power March 2015

MWh

On Friday March 27th_{, a black-out occurred in large parts of the Netherlands. Consequently,}

power consumption decreased during a number of hours. The power consumption of a week earlier has been depicted for comparison.

Mar 15 Page 55

Power consumption

affected by the

black-out on March 27

26-Mar 27-Mar 28-Mar

Power Demand March 2015

MWh

Send out of Gate terminal into the gas grid has increased significantly. Mar 15 Page 56

LNG imports

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: CertiQ, KNMI, own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

This presentation is based on numerous sources which present data on energy

demand and supply in The Netherlands. These data, however, do not cover the

entire energy system. Some approximations and scaling factors were thus

needed. The author would like to thank students from Hanze University of

Applied Science in Groningen and various energy experts in The Netherlands

which gave suggestions for improvements of the methods used. Currently, the

aggregated results of this work are in good agreement with data supplied by the

Dutch National Office of Statistics (CBS). It is believed by the author that the

detailed results in this presentation give a fair presentation of the complex

reality of the Dutch energy system.

Nevertheless, the author invites readers to comment on the data provided with

the objective to further improve this work. After all, good and reliable data are

at the heart of any successful policy to make our world more sustainable.

Epilogue

b.m.visser@pl.hanze.nl