Addendum 1. Bibliography Harmful Traditional Practices and Religion
Bibliography for Prevalence HTPs
- Adinkrah, Mensah.2004. ‘Witchcraft accusations and female homicide victimization in
contemporary Ghana’ in Violence against women 10.4: 325-356. Witchcraft Accusations - Bjälkander O, Grant DS, Berggren V, Bathija H, Almroth L.2013. ‘Female genital mutilation in
Sierra Leone: forms, reliability of reported status, and accuracy of related demographic and health survey questions’. Obstetry Gynecology International.1-14.
FGM/C Bogale, Daniel, Desalegn Markos, and Muhammedawel Kaso.2014. ‘Prevalence of female genital
mutilation and its effect on women’s health in Bale zone, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study’ in BMC Public Health 14, no. 1. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1076.
FGM/C
- Denzler, K., The Devastating Impact of Child Marriage on Girls Around the World, Amnesty USA. CEM - Dovlo, Delanyo. 2007.‘Migration of nurses from Sub Saharan Africa: a review of issues and ‐
challenges’ in Health services research 42.3p2: 1373-1388 Witchcraft Accusations - Gemignani, Regina & Quentin Wodon.2015. ‘Child Marriage and Faith Affiliation in Sub-Saharan
Africa: Stylized Facts and Heterogeneity’ in The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 13:3, 41-47,
CEM
- Gupta, Bishnupriya.2013. ‘Where Have All the Brides Gone? Son Preference and Marriage in India over the Twentieth Century’ in The Economic History Review 67, no. 1: 1-24
Sex Selection/Son Preference - Human Rights Watch.2017.Violations, Property, and Inheritance Rights Widows in Zimbabwe,
Accessed on May 13 2017 at: https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/01/24/you-will-get-nothing/violations-property-and-inheritance-rights-widows-zimbabwe
Widow Issues
- Human Rights Watch.2010. Q&A on Female Genital Mutilation. Accessed on May 13 2017 at
https://www.hrw.org/news/2010/06/16/qa-female-genital-mutilation FGM/C
- Jones Jr., H.W., Cooke, I., Kempers, R., Brinsden, P., Saunders, D., (Eds.) (2010) IFFS Surveillance 2010. Available from:<http://iffs-reproduction.org/documents/IFFS_Surveillance_2010.pdf> (accessed 15.10.2010).
- Kaplan A, Forbes M, Bonhoure I, Utzet M, Martín M, Manneh M, Ceesay H.2013. ‘Female genital mutilation/cutting in The Gambia: long-term health consequences and complications during delivery and for the newborn’ in International Journal on Women’s Health.5: 323-331.
FGM/C
- Koski, Alissa, Shelley Clark, and Arijit Nandi.2017. ‘Has Child Marriage Declined in sub-Saharan
7-29. doi:10.1111/padr.12035.
- Kulczycki, Andrzej, and Sarah Windle.2011. ‘Honor Killings in the Middle East and North Africa’
in Violence Against Women 17, no. 11: 1442-464 Honour Killings
- Mandara M.U.2004. ‘Female genital mutilation in Nigeria’. International Journal for Gynecology
and Obstetrics, 84: 291-298. 10.1016/j.ijgo.2003.06.001. FGM/C
- Maswikwa B, Richter L, Kaufman J and Nandi A (2015) “Minimum Marriage Age Laws and the Prevalence of Child Marriage and Adolescent Birth: Evidence from Sub-Saharan
Africa,” International perspectives on sexual and reproductive health, 41(2), pp. 58–68.
-- Mitike, Getnet, and Wakgari Deressa.2009. ‘Prevalence and associated factors of female genital mutilation among Somali refugees in eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study’in BMC Public Health 9, no. 1.
FGM/C
- Morison L, Scherf C, Ekpo G, Paine K, West B, Coleman R, Walraven G.2001. ‘The long-term reproductive health consequences of female genital cutting in rural Gambia: a community-based survey’ in Tropical Medicine International Health. 2001, 6 (8): 643-653.
10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00749.x.
FGM/C
- Niehaus, Isak Arnold, Eliazaar Mohlala, and Kally Shokane.2001. Witchcraft, Power, and Politics:
exploring the occult in the South African lowveld. Cape Town: David Philip. Witchcraft Accusations - Okonofua, Friday.2013. ‘Prevention of Child Marriage and Teenage Pregnancy in Africa: Need for
More Research and Innovation / Il Faut Encore plus De Recherche Et D'innovation Dans La Prévention De La Grossesse Chez Les Enfants Et Les Adolescentes Dans Les Mariages Africains’ in African Journal of Reproductive Health / La Revue Africaine De La Santé Reproductive 17, no. 4 (2013): 9-13.
CEM
- Ouldzeidoune N, Keating J, Bertrand J, Rice J.2013. ‘A description of female genital mutilation and force-feeding practices in Mauritania: implications for the protection of child rights and health’. PLoS One. 8 (4): e60594-10.1371/journal.pone.0060594.
FGM/C
- Pashaei T, Rahimi A, Ardalan A, Felah A, Majlessi F.2012. ‘Related Factors of Female Genital
Mutilation (FGM) in Ravansar (Iran)’ in Journal for Women’s Health Care.1,2. FGM/C - Peterman, A.2012. ‘Widowhood and Asset Inheritance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Empirical
Evidence from 15 Countries’ in Development Policy Review, 30: 543–571 Widow Issues - Schnoebelen, Jill.2009. Witchcraft allegations, refugee protection and human rights: a review of
the evidence. UNHCR. Accessed on May 13 2017 at
http://www.unhcr.org/research/working/4981ca712/witchcraft-allegations-refugee-protection-human-rights-review-evidence.html
- Ter Haar, Gerrie.2007. Imagining Evil: witchcraft beliefs and accusations in contemporary Africa.
Africa World Press. Witchcraft Accusations
- UNFPA.2000. State of the World Population. Multiple HTPs
- UNFPA.2012. Marrying Too Young: End Child Marriage.New York. CEM - Unicef.2014. Ending Child Marriage: Progress and prospects. New York. CEM - Unicef.2016. Data Report on Female Genital Cutting. Accessed on May 13 2017 at
https://www.unicef.org/media/files/FGMC_2016_brochure_final_UNICEF_SPREAD.pdf. FGM/C - UN News Centre.2014. ‘Feature: UN findings flag violence, abuse of older women accused of
witchcraft’. Accessed on May 13 2017 at
http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=48055#.WRWSD1KiGHo
Witchcraft Accusations
- UN Women2016.‘The United Nations in Pakistan Urges Government Action to End Honour Killings’. Accessed on May 13 2017 at
http://asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/news-and- events/stories/2016/06/the-united-nations-in-pakistan-urges-government-action-to-end-honour-killings
Honour Killings
- UN Women.2012. ‘Confronting Dowry Related Violence in India: Women at the Center of Justice’. Accessed on 13 May 2017 athttp://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2012/12/confronting-dowry-related-violence-in-india-women-at-the-center-of-justice
Widow Issues
- United Nations. 2011. “Sex differentials in Childhood Mortality” UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division
- WHO.2008.Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation, Report, Accessed on 13 May 2017 at http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43839/1/9789241596442_eng.pdf
FGM/C - WHO Fact Sheet on Female Genital Cutting. Accessed on 13 May 2017 at
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/, 2017 FGM/C - Yirga WS, Kassa NA, Welday M, Gebremichael MW, Aro AR.2012. ‘Female genital mutilation:
prevalence, perceptions and effect on women’s health in Kersa district of Ethiopia’ in International Journal of Women’s Health. 2012, 4: 45-54.
FGM/C
- Yoder, P.S, and Kahn, S.2008. Numbers of women circumcised in Africa: The Production of a Total,
DHS Working Papers, USAID. FGM/C
HTP Source Description General HTP
academic literature
- Abu-Lughod, Lila. 2016. ‘The Cross-Publics of Ethnography: The Case of ‘the
Muslimwoman’ American Ethnologist 43 (4) Reflects on the problematization of Muslim Women in Academic literature
- Abu-Lughod, Lila. 2002. “Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others.” American Anthropologist 104 (3): 783– 90. doi:10.1525/aa.2002.104.3.783.
- Abu-Lughod, Lila. 2013. Do Muslim Women Need Saving? Harvard University Press. - Amor, Abdelfattah (Special Rapporteur on Human Rights).2009. ‘Study on freedom of
religion or belief and the status of women in the light of religion and traditions’ Addendum to the UN report on Civil and political rights, including the question of religious intolerance
HTPs mentioned are: FGM/C, Early/ Child Marriage, Widows and Inheritance issues and Honour Killing alongside religious
extremism, prostitution, trafficking and slavery and sexual and gender based violence.
- Boyden, Jo., Alula Pankhurst, and Yisak Tafere.2012. ‘Child protection and harmful traditional practices: female early marriage and genital modification in Ethiopia’ in Development In Practice Vol. 22 , Iss. 4,2012
- Bradley, Tamsin. 2011. Religion and Gender in the Developing World : Faith-based
Organizations and Feminism in India. London: I.B.Tauris Analyses how FBOs offer religious and ritual spaces in which women can exercise agency after
experiences of violence, including violence related to HTP
- Bradley, Tamsin. 2010. ‘Religion as a bridge between theory and practice in work on violence against women in Rajasthan, Journal of Gender Studies, 19:4, 361-375
- Brehony, Eamonn.2000. ‘Whose Practice Counts? Experiences in Using Indigenous Health Practices from Ethiopia and Uganda (Qui Sont Ceux Dont Les Pratiques
Importent? Expériences De L'utilisation Des Pratiques Indigènes En Matière De Santé En Éthiopie Et En Ouganda / De Quem São as Práticas Que Contam? Experiências No Uso De Práticas De Saúde De Grupos Indígenas Da Etiópia E Uganda / ¿La Práctica De Quién Es Importante? Experiencias Usando Prácticas De Salud Indígenas De Etiopía Y Uganda)’ in Development in Practice 10, no. 5: 650-61.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/4029539.
Discusses community dialogue, including religious and other cultural leaders.
- CEDAW (2014) Joint general recommendation/general comment No. 31 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and No. 18 of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on harmful practices.
http://ork.lu/files/genevacomittee/CRC_GenCom_18_EN_HarmfulPractices.pdf (Accessed October 30 2017)
- Coomaraswamy, R., (Commission on Human Rights. Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women). 2002. Report of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, Its Causes and Consequences. Geneva: UN. http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get? Open&DS=E/CN.4/2002/83&Lang=A.
Report with an extensive overview of HTPs in the context of human rights and violence against women, including harmful practices in the ‘west’.
- Kirmani N., and Phillips I. 2011. ‘Engaging with Islam to Promote Women's Rights: Exploring Opportunities and Challenging Assumptions’ in Progress in Development Studies 11 (2): 87-99. doi:10.1177/146499341001100201.
Discusses Islamic Feminism, religious leaders and FBOs in tackling HTP
- Long, Norman, Alberto Arce, and Katherine Ong.1999. Anthropology, Development, and Modernities: Exploring Discourses, Counter-tendencies, and Violence. Routledge.
- Longman, Chia, and Tamsin Bradley.2015. Interrogating Harmful Cultural Practices: Gender, Culture and Coercion. Farnham: Routledge. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost (accessed March 27, 2017).
Conceptual and empirical
explorations of the links between religion, HTP and the role of religious actors with a focus on dowry practices and FGC - Maluleke, Mj.2012. ‘Culture, Tradition, Custom, Law and Gender Equality’ in
Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 1. This article offers an insight in the way Ubuntu, challenges various HTP’s such as FGM, early marriage, witch hunting and widowhood issues.
- Gomez-Perez, M.2016. ‘Women’s Islamic activism in Burkina Faso: toward
renegotiated social norms?’ in Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines, 50:1
- Mire, Sada. 2016. ‘The Child That Tiire Doesn't Give You, God Won't Give You Either.’ the Role of Rotheca Myricoides in Somali Fertility Practices’ in Anthropology & Medicine 23 (3): 311-331.
- Mohanty, Chandra Talpade, Ann Russo, and Lourdes Torres. 1991. Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (1995). Fact Sheet No. 23, Harmful Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children, August 1995. http://www.ohchr.org/documents/publications/factsheet23en.pdf (Accessed October 3 2017).
- Pio, Edwina, and Smita Singh. 2016. "Vulnerability and Resilience: Critical Reflexivity in Gendered Violence Research." Third World Quarterly 37 (2): 227-244.
- Spivak, Gayatri.1985. “Can the Subaltern Speak? Speculations on Widow Sacrifice,” Wedge - 7–8: 120–30
- Sadik, N. 2000.The State of the World Population, UNFPA.
- Wadesango, N., Rembe, S., & Chabaya, O. 2011. ‘Violation of Women’s Rights by Harmful Traditional Practices’. Anthropologist, 13(2)
- Zahia Smail Salhi, 2013.Gender and Violence in Islamic Societies: Patriarchy, Islamism and Politics in the Middle East and North Africa
Discusses forced and early marriage practices, FGM/C and other gendered practices in Muslim majority societies/ communities. FGM/C - Abathun, Asresash Demissie, Johanne Sundby, and Abdi Ali Gele. 2016. "Attitude
Toward Female Genital Mutilation among Somali and Harari People, Eastern Ethiopia." International Journal of Women's Health 8: 557-569. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S112226
Demonstrates how people understand FGMC as a religious requirement
- Abusharaf, Rogaia Mustafa. 2006. Female Circumcision : Multicultural Perspectives. Pennsylvania studies in human rights; Pennsylvania studies in human rights. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3442213.
Discusses male and female circumcision in relation to Islam and Quranic texts, case on Kenya discusses role of religious leaders in advocating against FCG (and secular NGOs)
- Ahmadu, Fuambai S., and Richard A. Shweder. 2009. ‘Disputing the Myth of the Sexual Dysfunction of Circumcised Women: An Interview with Fuambai S. Ahmadu by Richard a. Shweder’ in Anthropology Today 25 (6): 14-17. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8322.2009.00699.x.
- Berg, Rigmor C., and Eva Denison.2013. ‘A Tradition in Transition: Factors
Perpetuating and Hindering the Continuance of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) Summarized in a Systematic Review’ in Health Care for Women International. 34, no. 10: 837-859
Review of 21 studies, authors the authors reveal six key factors that underpin FGM/C: cultural tradition, sexual morals, marriageability,
religion, health benefits, and male sexual enjoyment. There were four key factors perceived to hinder FGM/C: health consequences, it is not a religious requirement, it is illegal, and the host society discourse rejects FGM/C. The results show that FGM/C appears to be a tradition in transition. (Google Scholar – Religion, Female Genital Mutilation)
- Berg, Rigmor C., and Eva Denison.2012. ‘Effectiveness of Interventions Designed to Prevent Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Systematic Review’ in Studies in Family Planning 43, no. 2: 135-46. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23409235.
Prevalence support by religion, only data. (Jstor – Religion, FGM) - Biglu, Mohammad-Hossein, Alireza Farnam, Parvaneh Abotalebi, Sahar Biglu, and
Mostafa Ghavami.2016. ‘Effect of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting on Sexual Functions’ in Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 10: 3-8
Discusses prevalence and reasons religious motivation.
- Boddy, Janice. 2016 The normal and the aberrant in female genital cutting: shifting
paradigms. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 6(2): 41-69. Discusses FGM/C in Sudan in the broader perspective of vaginal practices in the non-west and west. Includes perspectives on changes in FGM/C practices in Sudan, a.o. influenced by urbanization - Bogale, Daniel, Desalegn Markos, and Muhammedawel Kaso.2015. ‘Intention Toward
the Continuation of Female Genital Mutilation in Bale Zone, Ethiopia’ in International Journal of Women's Health.85
This study intended to assess the intention of women toward the continuation of FGM in the Bale region in Ethiopia in which religion plays a significant role.
- Bogale, Daniel, Desalegn Markos, and Muhammedawel Kaso.2014. ‘Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation and Its Effect on Women's Health in Bale Zone, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study’ in BMC Public Health 14: 1076. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1076.
- Diop, N. J., & Askew, I. (2009). The effectiveness of a community based education program‐ on abandoning female genital mutilation/cutting in Senegal. Studies in Family Planning, 40(4), 307-318.
- Earp, Brian D. 2016. ‘Between Moral Relativism and Moral Hypocrisy: Reframing the Debate on ``FGM''’ in Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 26 (2): 105-144.
- El-Damanhoury, I. 2013. The Jewish and Christian View on Female Genital Mutilation. African Journal of Urology, 19(3), pp.127–129.
- Ergas, Yasmine.2016.’Regulating Religion Beyond Borders: The Case of FGM/C’ in Religion, Secularism, and Constitutional Democracy, edited by Cohen Jean L. and Laborde Cécile, by Barkey Karen, 66-88. Columbia University Press.
The authors discuss whether FGM is vested with religious significance by those who practice it. Also discusses the role of religion within the nation state with regard to FGM. (Jstor – Religion, FGM) - Grisaru, Nimrod, Simcha Lezer, and R. H. Belmaker.1997.‘Ritual Female Genital Surgery
Among Ethiopian Jews’ in Archives of Sexual Behavior SpringerLink. Accessed March 21, 2017. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1024562512475.
Ritual female genital surgery is usually associated with Muslim countries although it is normative also among Ethiopian Coptic Christians. Ethiopian Jewish women immigrants to Israel report that ritual female genital surgery was normative in their culture in Ethiopia, but expressed no desire to continue the custom in Israel. (Google Scholar: Female Genital Cutting, Islam)
- Gemignani, R. and Quentin Wodon.2015 ‘Female Genital Mutilation and the Law: A Qualitative Case Study’ in Law and Social Economics: Essays for Theory, Practice, and Policy, 99-122. New York : Palgrave MacMillan, 2015.
This chapter looks at the role played by culture and religion in shaping attitudes and practices around FGM, focusing on the relationship between FGM and Islamic Law as well as National Law. It offers both qualitative information as well as quantitative
data. - Ellen Gruenbaum.2005. ‘Socio cultural dynamics of female genital cutting:‐
Research findings, gaps, and directions’, Culture, Health & Sexuality, 7:5, 429-441
- Ellsberg M, Arango DJ, Morton M, Gennari F, Kiplesund S, Contreras M and Watts C (2015) “Prevention of Violence against Women and Girls: What Does the Evidence Say?,” Lancet (London, England), 385(9977), pp. 1555–66. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61703-7. - Haile, H. B., Bock, B., & Folmer, H. 2012. ‘Microfinance and female empowerment: Do
institutions matter?’ in Womens studies international forum, 35(4), 256-265. DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2012.04.001
- Hall, John, Kirsten Black, Angela Dawson, Sabera Turkmani, and Nesrin Varol. 2015. "The Role of Men in Abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation: A Systematic Review." BMC Public Health 15 (1): 1-14. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2373-2.
- Hayford, Sarah R., and Jenny Trinitapoli. "Religious Differences in Female Genital Cutting: A Case Study from Burkina Faso." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. June 03, 2011. Accessed March 23, 2017.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2011.01566.x/abstract.
Case study in Burkina Faso that shows religious differences in attitudes toward FGM, examining differences between Christians, Muslims, and adherents from ATR. - Hernlund, Ylva and Bettina muytyount-Duncan.2000. ‘Female "Circumcision" in Africa:
Culture, Controversy, and Change’| Online Research Library: Questia. Accessed March 22, 2017. https://www.questia.com/library/105841235/female-circumcision-in-africa-culture-controversy.
Comprehensive study on FGM with challenges for religious leaders and impact of religious leaders
mentioned in multiple chapters. - Islam, M. Mazharul, and M. Mosleh Uddin.2001 ‘Female Circumcision in Sudan: Future
Prospects and Strategies for Eradication’ in International Family Planning Perspectives 27, no. 2 (2001): 71-76
Religious prohibition and
prevalence of religious prohibition in Sudan, also religion as reason for continuation, and a future
- Johnson M. 2007. ‘Making mandinga or making Muslims? Debating female
circumcision, ethnicity, and Islam in Guinea-Bissau and Portugal’ in Hernlund Y, Shell- Duncan B, eds. Transcultural bodies: female genital cutting in global context. New Brunswick, Rutgers University Press: 202−223.
Article on FGM/C as a practice in the context of Islam, and how these entanglements shift in the context of migration.
- Khosla R, Banerjee J, Chou D, Say L and Fried ST (2017) “Gender Equality and Human Rights Approaches to Female Genital Mutilation: A Review of International Human Rights Norms and Standards,” Reproductive health, 14(1), pp. 59–59. doi: 10.1186/s12978-017-0322-5.
Female Circumcision’ in Qualitative Inquiry 6, no. 2: 212-228 Religious leader forbidding FCG in Chad (without effect)
- Masho, Saba W., and Lindsey Matthews.2009. ‘Factors determining whether Ethiopian women support continuation of female genital mutilation’ in International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 107, no. 3: 232-35
Places religion as an important factor in continuation of the practice of FGM in a survey in Ethiopia.
- Muhamud, Asha, Samson Radeny and Karin Ringheim ´Community/based efforts to End Female Genital Mutilation in Kenya: Raising Awareness and
- Organizing Alternative Rites the Passage’ in Abusharaf, Rogaia Mustafa. 2006. Female Circumcision : Multicultural Perspectives. Pennsylvania studies in human rights; Pennsylvania studies in human rights. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. - Murray, Jocelyn. ‘The Church Missionary Society and the "Female Circumcision" Issue
in Kenya 1929-1932’ in Journal of Religion in Africa 8, no. 2 (1976): 92-104. doi:10.2307/1594780.
- Østebø, Marit Tolo., and Terje. Østebø. 2014. ‘Are Religious Leaders a Magic Bullet for Social/Societal Change?: A Critical Look at Anti-FGM Interventions in Ethiopia’ Africa Today 60 (3): 82-101.
Discusses religion, development and FGC and an (failed)
intervention with religious leaders - Osten-Sacken, Thomas von der, andThomas Uwer. ‘Is Female Genital Mutilation an
Islamic Problem?’ Middle East Forum. Accessed March 21, 2017.
http://www.meforum.org/1629/is-female-genital-mutilation-an-islamic-problem.
Discusses to what extent FGM is connected to Islam, introducing some Islamic scholars with various opinions about FGM. ( Google Scholar: Female Genital Cutting, Christianity)
- Van Raemdonck, A. (2016) Female Genital Cutting and the Politics of Islamicate Practices in Egypt. Debating Development and Religious/Secular Divide. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Ghent
- Rizvi, S.A.H., S.A. A. Naqvi, M. Hussain, and A.S. Hasan. ‘Religious Circumcision: a
Muslim View’ in BJU International 83, no. S1 (2002): 13-16. Historical and medical overview from an Islamic perspective. Historical reasons and methods are discussed in this article
- Roth, Roswith.2013. ‘Female Genital Mutilation’ in Janet A. Sigal and Florence L. Denmark, Violence against Girls and Women. International Perspectives. (Santa Barbara:ABC-CLIO)
European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 18(1), 10-14. - Schafroth, Verena. 2009. ‘Female Genital Mutilation in Africa - an Analysis of the
Church's Response and Proposals for Change’ in Missiology 37 (4): 527. This Article Argues That FGM Is a Violation of the God-Given Female Body and Should Be Eradicated in the Christian Church, Rather Than Ignored or Adopted.
- Shell-Duncan B., and Hernlund Y. 2006. ‘Are There "stages of Change" in the Practice of Female Genital Cutting?: Qualitative Research Findings from Senegal and the Gambia’ in African Journal of Reproductive Health 10 (2): 57-71
Comparison of intervention success and failure in two Muslim majority contexts, focusing on how FGMC decisions are (re-) negotiated by individuals in various stages of life. Including vis-à-vis international campaigns that are perceived as an attack on local religion/ culture. - Shell-Duncan, Bettina, and Ylva Hernlund.2007 Transcultural Bodies : Female Genital
Cutting in Global Context. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost)
Focus on FGMC between Africa and Europe, discusses relation FGC, Islam and ethnicitiy in Guinee Bissau/ Portugal
- Wangila, Mary Nyangweso. 2007.Female circumcision the interplay of religion, culture,
and gender in Kenya. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books. This book offers a complete view of the situation of FGM in Kenya, the role of religion in continuation and potential of religion in stopping the practice.
- West Gerald O, Dube Musa W., eds. 2000.The Bible in Africa: Transactions, trajectories, and trends.Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
- Windle, Sarah., Chuks Kamanu, Ebere Anyanwu, John E. Ehiri .2009. ‘Harmful Traditional Practices and Women’s Health: Female Genital Mutilation’ in John Ehiri (ed)
Maternal and Child Health - Winterbottom, Anna, Jonneke Koomen, and Gemma Burford. "Female Genital Cutting:
Cultural Rights and Rites of Defiance in Northern Tanzania." African Studies Review 52, no. 1 (2009): 47-71.
- Yoder, P. S., X. Wang and E. Johansen.2013. ‘Estimates of Female Genital
Mutilation/Cutting in 27 African Countries and Yemen’ in Studies in Family Planning, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 189-204
- Yoder, P. Stanley., Noureddine Abderrahim, and Arlinda Zhuzhuni.2004. Female genital cutting in the demographic and health surveys: a critical and comparative analysis. Calverton, MD: ORC Macro.
Child and Early Marriage
- A.A. Ali, ‘Child Marriage in Islamic Law’ Unpublished MA Thesis, Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University. 2000
- Blackburn, Susan, and Sharon Bessell. "Marriageable Age: Political Debates on Early Marriage in Twentieth-Century Indonesia." Indonesia, no. 63 (1997): 107-41. doi:10.2307/3351513.
- Bunting, A.2005. ‘Stages of Development: Marriage of Girls and Teens as an
International Human Rights Issue’ in Social & Legal Studies 14, no. 1: 17-38. Situation report and prevalence data on child/early marriage, with religious motivation discussed in detail.
- Eisenman, Robert H.1978. ‘Islamic Law in Palestine and Israel: A History of the Survival of Tanzimat and Sharī a’ in ʻ The British Mandate and the Jewish State. Vol. 26. Brill
- Garenne, Michel. ‘Age at Marriage and Modernisation in Sub-Saharan Africa’ in Southern African Journal of Demography 9, no. 2 (2004): 59-79.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/20853271.
The study reviews levels, trends and factors of female age at first marriage in 32 sub Saharan African countries over the past five decades. Main factors of lower age at marriage were religions (Islam and Christianity), polygyny, and urbanisation after controlling for income and education. Results are discussed in light of social changes occurring in Africa over the 20th century, and the course of this new nuptiality transition.
- Gemignani, Regina & Quentin Wodon.2015. ‘Child Marriage and Faith Affiliation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Stylized Facts and Heterogeneity’, The Review of Faith & International Affairs. 13:3, 41-47
Looks at the relation between CEM and specific religions based on statistics, prevalence data, extensive case on Burkina Faso to demonstrate heterogeneity (variation between how a
particular religion may support CEM between and within countries) - Ghosh, Biswajit.2011. ‘Child Marriage, Community, and Adolesc nt Girls: The Salience ẹ
of Tradition and Modernity in the Malda District of West Bengal’ in Sociological Bulletin 60, no. 2: 307-26. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23620922
Comprehensive summary of the situation in Malda district, including Muslim and Hindu motivation for continuation of the practice as well as examples of failure and progress in intervention by religious actors in the region. - Giladi, A. 1995. ‘Gender differences in child rearing and educatión: Some preliminary
observations with reference to medieval muslim thought’ in Al-Qantara, 16(2), 291. Retrieved from http://server.proxy-ub.rug.nl/login?
url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1305414511?accountid=11219
- Gill, Aisha K., and Sundari. Anitha. 2011. Forced Marriage : Introducing a Social Justice and Human Rights Perspective. London: Zed Books.
http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=765176.
Mainly focused on migrants in UK, but with substantial case on Bangladesh in ch 10 discussing nexus of religion and law (Wayward girls and well-wisher parents’: habeas corpus, women’s rights to personal liberty, consent to marriage and the Bangladeshi courts by Sara Hossain)
- Jones, Gavin W.2001. ‘Which Indonesian Women Marry Youngest, and Why?’ in Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 32, no. 1 (2001): 67-78.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/20072299
Islam is mainly discussed as ‘ethnic’ category, focus in the article is on the (limited) impact of law. - Karam, Azza.2015.’Faith-Inspired Initiatives to Tackle the Social ‘Determinants of Child
Marriage’’ in The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 13:3, 59-68, DOI:10.1080/15570274.2015.1075754
Article discusses examples of FBO initiatives to tackle CEM
- Klugman, Jeni, Lucia Hanmer, Sarah Twigg, Tazeen Hasan, Jennifer McCleary-Sills, and Julieth Santamaria. Voice and agency: Empowering women and girls for shared
prosperity. World Bank Publications, 2014.
Perceptions and Behavior’ in Child Brides, Global Consequences: How to End Child
Marriage, 15-18. New York: Council on Foreign Relations. including case studies and strategies for changing community perceptions and behavior with a section on religious and cultural leader involvement.
- Lewis, M.A., and M.E. Lockheed, 2006. Exclusion, Gender, and Education: Case Studies from the Developing World. (Washington D.C., Center for Global Development)
- M.B., R.L., K.J. and N.A.2015. ‘Minimum Marriage Age Laws and the Prevalence of Child Marriage and Adolescent Birth: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa’. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 41(2), pp.58–68.
- McCleary-Sills, Jennifer, Lucia Hanmer, Jennifer Parsons & Jeni Klugman.2015 ‘Child Marriage: A Critical Barrier to Girls’ Schooling and Gender Equality in Education’ in The Review of Faith & International Affairs. 13:3, 69-80, DOI:
10.1080/15570274.2015.1075755
Mainly focusses on CEM as a hindrance to education, and links to arguments used to engage faith leaders in tackling CEM
- Nguyen, Minh Cong and Quentin Wodon.2015. ‘Global and Regional Trends in Child
Marriage’ in The Review Of Faith & International Affairs. Vol. 13, Iss. 3. Religion and culture as sustaining factors for CEM, prevalence focus - Okonofua, Friday. ‘Prevention of Child Marriage and Teenage Pregnancy in Africa:
Need for More Research and Innovation / Il Faut Encore plus De Recherche Et D'innovation Dans La Prévention De La Grossesse Chez Les Enfants Et Les
Adolescentes Dans Les Mariages Africains’ in African Journal of Reproductive Health / La Revue Africaine De La Santé Reproductive 17, no. 4 (2013): 9-13.
This article offers some data of SSA countries and it states that early marriage is rather a practice driven by poverty than by culture or religion.
- Ouis, Pernilla. "’ Traditions? Honour Violence, Early Marriage and Sexual Abuse of Teenage Girls in Lebanon, the Occupied Palestinian Territories and Yemen’ in The International Journal of Children's Rights 17, no. 3 (2009): 445-74
Detailed report of situation in Lebanon, Palestinian Territories and Yemen, on Early Marriage, but also Honour Violence and Sexual Abuse. Section on religious
initiatives for the eradication of this practice.
- Parsons, Jennifer, Jeffrey Edmeades, Aslihan Kes, Suzanne Petroni, Maggie Sexton & Quentin Wodon.2015. ‘Economic Impacts of Child Marriage: A Review of the Literature’, The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 13:3, 12-22, DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2015.1075757
Economic impacts to use as arguments against CEM when working with faith leaders
- Prettitore, Paul Scott. 2015. ‘Family Law Reform, Gender Equality, and Underage Marriage: A view from Morocco and Jordan’ in The Review of Faith & International Affairs. 13:3, 32-40, DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2015.1075758
Sharia courts, marriage codes and legal marriage practices in Jordan
- Rahman, Manshiur.2017. Determinates of Early Marriage in Bangladesh: An Evidence of the Nationally Representative Survey’ in International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 9, no. 1: 1-7
Discusses social factors that determine CEFM, Religion splays a significant role in continuation of the practice in Bangladesh according to this article. - Rizvi, S.A.H., S.A. A. Naqvi, M. Hussain, and A.S. Hasan.2002. ‘Religious Circumcision: a
Muslim View’ in BJU International 83, no. S1: 13-16. Historical and medical overview from an Islamic perspective. Historical reasons and methods are discussed in this article.
- Scolaro, Elisa. Aleksandra Blagojevic, Brigitte Filion, Venkatraman Chandra- Mouli, Lale Say, Joar Svanemyr & Marleen Temmerman.2015. ‘Child Marriage Legislation in the Asia-Pacific Region’ in The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 13:3, 23-31,
Legal focus, minor reference to muslim marriage and sharia marriage
- Waardenburg, Jacques.1984. ‘Muslims and other believers: The Indonesian case’ in Islam in Asia: Southeast Asia and East Asia. 24-65.
- Walker, Judith-Ann.2012 ‘Early Marriage in Africa — Trends, Harmful Effects and Interventions’ in African Journal of Reproductive Health / La Revue Africaine De La Santé Reproductive 16, no. 2: 231-40.
The paper outlines a framework for analyzing global, regional and local initiatives to curb early marriage and examines the application of these interventions in sub Saharan countries. It deals with both religious promotion as well as religious intervention of early marriage issues.
- Walker, Judith-Ann.2015. ‘Engaging Islamic Opinion Leaders on Child Marriage: Preliminary Results from Pilot Projects in Nigeria’ in The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 13:3, 48-58
Lit. review on faith and child marriage and case on Islamic leaders tackling CEM practices in Nigeria
the Fall 2015 Issue’ in The Review Of Faith & International Affairs. Vol. 13 , Iss. 3. CEM, law and religion, refers to faith, faith based organisations and faith leaders, also to Islam
- Zwemer, Samuel Marinus.1915. Childhood in the Moslem World. Fleming H. Revell Company.
- Wodon, Quentin.2016.‘Early Childhood Development in the Context of the Family: The Case of Child Marriage’ in Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 17:4, 590-598, DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2016.1245277
Legal change is not enough, dialogue with religious and cultural leaders needed, further references to special issue on CEM, religion Son
Preference /Sex Selection
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- Almond, D., Edlund, L. and Milligan, K. 2013. ‘Son Preference and the Persistence of Culture: Evidence from South and East Asian Immigrants to Canada’ in Population and Development Review, 39(1), pp.75–95.
Reviews son preference, pregnancy and reproductive behavior among Asian immigrants in Canada. - Aly, Hassan Y., and Michael P. Shields.1991. ‘Son Preference and Contraception in
Egypt’ in Economic Development and Cultural Change 39, no. 2 (1991): 353-70. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1154086
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secularities’: Postcolonial variations and guiding ideas in India and South Africa’ in International Sociology Vol 28, Issue 6, pp. 612 - 628
- Chandrakala, P.(ed).2002. Feminism, Tradition and Modernity. Shimla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study Rashtrapati Nivas.
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India over the Twentieth Century’ The Economic History Review 67, no. 1 (2013): 1-24 early marriage and son preference in India.
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http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.2753/JEI0021-3624480408? needAccess=true
Article discusses reasons for and implications of son preference in India. The author subscribes an important role in the process for religion, also in search for a solution.
- Murthy, Ranjani K. 1996. ‘Fighting female infanticide by working with midwives: An Indian case study’ in Gender & Development 4, no. 2: 20-27.
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Asia. Berg Publishers. Book on the situation of sex selection and son preference in (foremost) India, Few times mentioned that religious leaders should work together with
educational systems and NGO’s to limit the continuation of this HTP. - Nnadi, I. (2013) “Son Preference – a Violation of Women’s Human Rights: A Case Study
of Igbo Custom in Nigeria,” Journal of Politics and Law, 6(1), p. 134. doi: 10.5539/jpl.v6n1p134.
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- Schenker, Joseph G.2002 Gender Selection: Cultural and Religious Perspectives
September 9, 2002. Various religious perspectives on gender selection and son preference.
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Perspectives’. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 29(11), pp.949–52.
Serour, Gi. 2008. ‘Islamic Perspectives in Human Reproduction’ in Reproductive
BioMedicine Online 17 (2008): 34-38. Islamic as well as medical perspective on sex selection. - L. S. Vishwanath. 1998. ‘Efforts of Colonial State to Suppress Female Infanticide: Use of
Sacred Texts, Generation of Knowledge’ in Economic and Political Weekly, 33(19), 1104-1112. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4406753
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Harvard Witchcraft
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HRV - An-Naim, Abdullahi Ahmed.2005. ‘The Role of 'Community Discourse' in Combatting 'Crimes of Honour': Preliminary Assessment and Prospects’ in “Honour”: Crimes, paradigms, and violence against women New York: Zed Books
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International Centre for the Legal Protection of Human Rights (INTERIGHTS),School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
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