Renewable Energy in The Netherlands

Renewable Energy in The Netherlands

Dr. Martien Visser

Professor Energy Transition & Network Integration Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen

Partner of the Energy Academy Europe E-mail: b.m.visser@pl.hanze.nl

This analyses contains information of various sources and own analyses, including various estimates. Readers are encouraged to add, to improve the quality of the information provided.

 Electricity production by Solar Energy was 65% higher than in February 2014  Electricity production by wind energy was 40% lower than in February 2014  A capacity of 70 MW of wind and 30 MW of solar PV was added in February  Power imports were lower, while gas exports increased compared to last year

 Due to low availability of wind and reduced utilization of biomass, the percentage of renewable energy was (only) 3.3%

 Gas demand was limited due to high temperatures, although higher than last year because of increased utilization of gas in power generation.

 In February 2015, CO2 emissions were 5% higher compared to last year

February 2015

In a Nutshell

• February data

• Monthly profiles

• Monthly data

• Hourly data

• Miscellaneous

Content

SELECTED ENERGY DATA FROM JANUARY

Final Energy Demand

February 2015

Energy is used for many different purposes. In February, the most important applications were heating/gas (32 TWh) and transport (25.1TWh). Final energy demand, including sources that do not contribute to national CO2 targets, was

80 TWh. Renewables are given by comparison.

Mar-15 Page 6 32.0 11.4 10.7 9.7 6.6 3.7 3.0 2.5 2.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Gas** Transport* Shipping* Power Feedstock* Industry* Aviation* Coal** Ren-Energy*

February 2015

TWh

Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, etc.., own analyses

*estimated **excl. gas&coal-to-power

Final Energy Demand

February 2015

In February 2015, gas consumption was higher than last year, while energy used for bunkering and feedstock is estimated to be lower. Due to low wind and

biomass, renewable energy production was lower than in 2014.

Mar-15 Page 7 1.0 0.0 -0.6 0.4 -0.8 -0.3 0.1 _0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Gas** Transport* Shipping* Power Feedstock* Industry* Aviation* Coal** Ren-Energy*

February 2015 versus February 2014

TWh

Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, own analyses

*estimated **excl. gas&coal-to-power

CO2 Emissions

February 2015

The national CO2 emission in February 2015, excluding power imports, feedstock and international shipping & aviation, has been estimated at 14,8 Mton. This was 5% higher than in February 2014 .Main

reason is more national power production, due to more coal and less imports.

Mar-15 Page 8 5.7 3.2 _3.0 4.0 1.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.0 0.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Mton CO2 February 2015

*do not contribute to the national CO2 target ** excl. gas & coal to power Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS,

Wind power increased by 70 MW last month. The estimated increase in solar energy was 30 MW. No further changes.

Power Generation

Capacity February 2015

Gas Coal Wind Biomass* Solar Nuclear

Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, Windstats, own analyses

Power Supplies

February 2015

In February 2015, power consumption in 2014 was 9.7 TWh, 4% higher than in February 2014. Net imports decreased by 80%. Compared to previous year. Coal-fired and Gas-fired generation increased significantly. In February, the average contribution from renewables to

the power supplies was only 8%.

Mar-15 Page 10 5.0 3.0 0.48 0.04 0.29 0.33 0.29 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

NatGas Coal Wind solar-PV Biomass Nuclear Net imports

Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, own analyses

SELECTED MONTHLY PROFILES

(using daily data)

Daily power demand shows a typical week-weekend pattern. Daily gas demand (excluding the gas demand for power) is mainly used for the

heating market and affected by ambient temperature.

Mar-15 Page 12

Gas and Power Demand

February 2015

1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb

Power Gas*

February 2015

GWh

Daily conventional power generation peaked on February 3rd_{. This was a}

week with relative low wind production and low net power imports.

Mar-15 Page 13

Conventional Power

Production

February 2015

1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb

Coal Gas Nuclear

February 2015

GWh

February was a month with very low wind production. Although wind capacity increased by almost 10% compared to 2014, electricity generation in 2015 was 40%

less. Solar PV is still low in February, but increased by 60% compared to 2014 1 GWh is sufficient to provide electricity for a year to 300 households

Mar-15 Page 14

Wind and Solar

Power Production

February 2015

1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb

Wind Solar-PV

February 2015

GWh

Renewable energy peaked in the second half of February to about 4%. The contribution of renewables was lower than in 2014 due to lower biomass and lower wind. The data provided have been calculated using the agreed

EU method. Mar-15 Page 15

Contribution of

Renewable Energy

February 2015

1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb

Ren% Power Ren% Prim.

February 2015

SELECTED MONTHLY ENERGY DATA

In February 2015 gas demand (excluding gas demand for power production) was slightly higher than in February 2014.

Mar-15 Page 17

Gas Demand

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

In February 2015, Dutch gas production was 10% lower than in February 2014. 10 TWh of gas is sufficient to supply heat all houses in Amsterdam for two years

Mar-15 Page 18

Gas Production

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

In February 2015, power demand was 4% higher than in February 2014 Mar-15 Page 19

Power Demand

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: TenneT, CBS, own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

In February 2015, wind power generation was much lower than in February 2014, due to much lower wind availability

Mar-15 Page 20

Wind Production

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: CertiQ, KNMI, own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

In February 2015, Solar PV was low, but grew spectacular with 65% compared to February 2014, due to a significant increase of Solar PV capacity and more sunny

weather. Mar-15 Page 21

Solar PV Production

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: PolderPV.nl, CertiQ, Klimaatmonitor, KNMI, own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

Estimated power production by coal-fired power stations has increased by 23% compared to previous year. The coal demand for power generation is difficult to estimate because the status of the new coal-fired power stations is not publicly known.

Mar-15 Page 22

Coal-to-Power

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

In February, estimated power production by gas-fired power stations and cogeneration has increased significantly compared to previous year.

Mar-15 Page 23

Gas to Power

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

Renewable Energy

All Sources

2015 (and 2014)

In February 2015, total renewable energy was less than in February 2014, due to lower contributions from biomass and wind.

Mar-15 Page 24 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014) TWh

In February 2015, the estimated national percentage of renewable energy as fraction of total energy demand (EU definition) has been estimated at just 3.3%.

Mar-15 Page 25

Renewable Energy

Percentage

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

In February 2015, CO2 emissions are 5% higher than in February 2014. The main reason is that fossil power generation has been higher due to higher consumption, less imports and less

renewable generation. Mar-15 Page 26

CO2 Emissions

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, CE-Delft, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014) Mton

SELECTED HOURLY ENERGY DATA

In February 2015, hourly gas production peaked at 190.000 MW (190 GW). Gas production decreased after February 10th_{, when Dutch Minister Kamp ordered a reduction of gas}

production from the large Groningen Gas Field

Mar-15 Page 28

Gas Supply

February 2015

1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb

Gas Production February 2015

Gas import LNG Terminals Production Storages

MWh

On February 5th_{, gas demand in The Netherlands peaked to almost 100.000 MW (100}

GW). The peak in gas demand has been caused by a combination of relatively low temperatures and high demand of gas for power generation.

Mar-15 Page 29

Gas Demand

Including Gas-to-Power

January 2015

1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb

Gas Demand February 2015

Industry LDC points

MWh

Mar-15 Page 30

Gas Imports & Exports

February 2015

In February 2015, gas exports were 60 TWh, about 20% higher than previous year, Gas import added up to 18 TWh, similar to last year. Gas exports peaked in the beginning

of February to 115.000 MW. -140000 -120000 -100000 -80000 -60000 -40000 -20000 0 20000 40000 60000

1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb

February 2015

Gas export Gas import

MWh

Mar-15 Page 31

Power Imports &

Exports

February 2015

In February 2015, power imports 1.8TWh, almost equal to the exports of 1.5 TWh.

-6000 -5000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb

February 2015

Power import Power export

MWh

February 2015 was characterized by low wind availability. The average utilization rate of wind capacity was less than 25%, which is low for a month in winter.

Mar-15 Page 32

Wind Power

February 2015

1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb

Wind Power February 2015

MWh

In February Solar-PV peaked to 360 MW, compared to 250 MW in January. This month, electricity by Solar Power was 65% higher than previous year.

Mar-15 Page 33

Solar PV Power

February 2015

1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb

Solar Power February 2015

MWh

The following set of slides presents for each month

in 2015 the hourly contributions of various energy

sources to total power consumption in The

Netherlands.

Mar-15 Page 35

Power Generation

January 2015

1-Jan 8-Jan 15-Jan 22-Jan 29-Jan

Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas

MW January 2015

sources: CBS, TenneT, KNMI, GTS, CertiQ, etc. & own analyses Data are added

In the week of 20-24 January, power generation peaked, due to the net exports that occurred. The majority of the additional power generation has been generated by

Mar-15 Page 36

Power Generation

February 2015

Like in January, low wind availability coincided with net exports of power.

-2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000

1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb

Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas

MW February 2015

The following set of slides presents for each week in

2015 the hourly contributions of wind and solar-PV

to the total power consumption in The Netherlands.

Mar-15 Page 38

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

5-Jan 6-Jan 7-Jan 8-Jan 9-Jan 10-Jan 11-Jan Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar-15 Page 39

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

12-Jan 13-Jan 14-Jan 15-Jan 16-Jan 17-Jan 18-Jan Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar-15 Page 40

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

19-Jan 20-Jan 21-Jan 22-Jan 23-Jan 24-Jan 25-Jan Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar-15 Page 41

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

26-Jan 27-Jan 28-Jan 29-Jan 30-Jan 31-Jan 1-Feb Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar-15 Page 42

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

2-Feb 3-Feb 4-Feb 5-Feb 6-Feb 7-Feb 8-Feb Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar-15 Page 43

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

9-Feb 10-Feb 11-Feb 12-Feb 13-Feb 14-Feb 15-Feb Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar-15 Page 44

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

16-Feb 17-Feb 18-Feb 19-Feb 20-Feb 21-Feb 22-Feb Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Mar-15 Page 45

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

23-Feb 24-Feb 25-Feb 26-Feb 27-Feb 28-Feb 1-Mar Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses

MISCELLANEOUS

The effective temperature (temperature including wind shield factor) in February 2015. Mar-15 Page 47

Effective Temperature

February 2015

1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb

February 2015

Sources: KNMI, own analyses

Characteristic CO2 emissions used in this presentation.

Mar-15 Page 48

Fuel Specific CO2

Emissions

Sources: CE-Delft, own analyses Power Generation Fuels

This presentation is based on numerous sources which present data on energy

demand and supply in The Netherlands. These data, however, do not cover the

entire energy system. Some approximations and scaling factors were thus

needed. The author would like to thank students from Hanze University of

Applied Science in Groningen and various energy experts in The Netherlands

which gave suggestions for improvements of the methods used. Currently, the

aggregated results of this work are in good agreement with data supplied by the

Dutch National Office of Statistics (CBS). It is believed by the author that the

detailed results in this presentation give a fair presentation of the complex

reality of the Dutch energy system.

Nevertheless, the author invites readers to comment on the data provided with

the objective to further improve this work. After all, good and reliable data are

at the heart of any successful policy to make our world more sustainable.

Epilogue

b.m.visser@pl.hanze.nl