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DIMITRI 1.0: Beschrijving en toepassing van een dynamisch input-output model | RIVM

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

(222)  'DDUQDDVW ZRUGHQLQKHWSURGXFWLHSURFHV NDSLWDDOJRHGHUHQ LQJH]HW GLH LQ KHW YHUOHGHQ ]LMQ JHSURGXFHHUG 'XV HHQ GHHO YDQ KHW PLOLHXEHVODJ YDQ 1HGHUODQGHUV EHWUHIWHQHUJLHJHEUXLNRIHPLVVLHVLQHHUGHUHMDUHQ ',0,75, ELHGW GH PRJHOLMNKHLG RP GH PLOLHXGUXN WHQ JHYROJH YDQ GH FRQVXPSWLH YDQ 1HGHUODQGHUVWHEHSDOHQ RYHUODQGHQWLMGJUHQ]HQKHHQ

(223) 'HYROJHQGHIRUPXOHEHVFKULMIWKRH GLWJHVFKLHGWYRRUHQHUJLH'HEHUHNHQLQJYRRUHPLVVLHVYHUORRSWDQDORRJ+HWHQHUJLHEHVODJ WHQJHYROJHYDQGHFRQVXPSWLHYDQ1HGHUODQGHUVLQMDDUWLV ( W

(224) = G &. 1/. W

(225) + N. 1/. W

(226)

(227) [. & 1/. W

(228) + Ê G W

(229) + N W

(230)

(231)  [ %. %. %. [ & %. W

(232) + [ W

(233)

(234) &. %.  

(235). PHW G W

(236) ULMYHFWRU YDQ HQHUJLHFRsIILFLsQWHQ SHU VHFWRU LQ 1HGHUODQG LQ MDDU W H[RJHHQ LQ WHFKQRORJLHVFHQDULR

(237)  N W

(238) ULMYHFWRUYDQHQHUJLHLQWHQVLWHLWHQEHWUHIIHQGHNDSLWDDOSHUVHFWRULQ1HGHUODQGLQMDDUW HQGRJHHQ

(239)  & [ 1/ W

(240) YHFWRUYDQSURGXFWLHYRRUFRQVXPSWLH1HGHUODQGHUVSHUVHFWRULQ1HGHUODQGLQMDDUW ]LHIRUPXOH

(241)  G % W

(242) ULMYHFWRU YDQ HQHUJLHFRsIILFLsQWHQ SHU VHFWRU LQ EXLWHQODQGVH UHJLR % LQ MDDU W H[RJHHQ

(243)  N % W

(244) ULMYHFWRUYDQHQHUJLHLQWHQVLWHLWHQEHWUHIIHQGHNDSLWDDOSHUVHFWRULQEXLWHQODQGVHUHJLR %LQMDDUW HQGRJHHQ

(245)  [ W

(246) YHFWRUYDQSURGXFWLHYRRUSURGXFWLHLQ1HGHUODQGYRRUFRQVXPSWLH1HGHUODQGHUVSHU VHFWRULQEXLWHQODQGVHUHJLR%LQMDDUW ]LHIRUPXOH

(247)  & [ % W

(248) YHFWRUYDQSURGXFWLHYRRUFRQVXPSWLH1HGHUODQGHUVSHUVHFWRULQEXLWHQODQGVHUHJLR% LQMDDUW HQGRJHHQPHWEHKXOSYDQIRUPXOHF

(249)  1/. 1/. [ & %. +HW HQHUJLHEHVODJ JHUHODWHHUG DDQ GH 1HGHUODQGVH H[SRUWHQ ZRUGW RS HHQ ]HOIGH PDQLHU EHUHNHQG DOV KHW HQHUJLHEHVODJ YDQ GH FRQVXPSWLH YDQ GH LQZRQHUV YDQ 1HGHUODQG +LHUELM ZRUGHQ LQ 1HGHUODQG JHwPSRUWHHUGH JRHGHUHQ HQ GLHQVWHQ GLH YHUYROJHQV ]RQGHU YHUGHUH EHZHUNLQJZRUGHQJHs[SRUWHHUG GHZHGHUXLWYRHU

(250) EXLWHQEHVFKRXZLQJJHODWHQ 'HHQHUJLHLQWHQVLWHLWHQEHWUHIIHQGHNDSLWDDOJRHGHUHQLQHHQVHFWRUEHWUHIWKHWHQHUJLHJHEUXLN GDW LQ KHW YHUOHGHQ KHHIW SODDWV JHYRQGHQ YRRU GH ERXZ HQ SURGXFWLH YDQ GH LQ HHQ VHFWRU DDQZH]LJH NDSLWDDOJRHGHUHQYRRUUDDG 'H HQHUJLHLQKRXG YDQ HHQ NDSLWDDOJRHG ZRUGW WRHJHNHQG DDQ GH JHKHOH SURGXFWLH GLH PHW GDW NDSLWDDOJRHG LV JHSURGXFHHUG WLMGHQV GH HFRQRPLVFKH

(251)  OHYHQVGXXU YDQ GDW NDSLWDDOJRHG 8LW KHW MDDUJDQJHQPRGHO YDQ GH FDSDFLWHLW IRUPXOH

(252) ZRUGWDIJHOHLGKRHYHHONDSLWDDOJRHGHUHQYDQHONW\SHLQKHWYHUOHGHQMDDUOLMNV]LMQ JHwQVWDOOHHUG 0HW GH ELMEHKRUHQGH HQHUJLHLQWHQVLWHLWHQ YDQ SURGXFWLH YRRU GH GHVEHWUHIIHQGHMDUHQ

(253) ZRUGWYHUYROJHQVGHHQHUJLHLQKRXGYDQGHNDSLWDDOJRHGHUHQEHUHNHQG.

(254) 5,90UDSSRUW. 3DJLQDYDQ. +LHUELM ZRUGHQ LQ KHW EXLWHQODQG JHSURGXFHHUGH NDSLWDDOJRHGHUHQ RQGHUVFKHLGHQ YDQ LQ 1HGHUODQGJHSURGXFHHUGHNDSLWDDOJRHGHUHQ 'HHQHUJLHLQWHQVLWHLWYDQHHQVHFWRUEHVFKULMIWKHWWRWDOHHQHUJLHJHEUXLNWHQEHKRHYHYDQppQ ILQDQFLsOH HHQKHLG SURGXFWLH YDQ GLH VHFWRU 0HW GH HQHUJLHLQWHQVLWHLW ZRUGW KLHUPHH KHW WRWDOH HQHUJLHJHEUXLN ODQJV GH JHKHOH SURGXFWLHNHWHQ WRW HQ PHW GH SURGXFHUHQGH VHFWRU EHVFKUHYHQ LQFOXVLHIHQHUJLHJHEUXLNYRRUGHSURGXFWLHYDQNDSLWDDOJRHGHUHQLQKHWYHUOHGHQ

(255)  'HHQHUJLHLQWHQVLWHLWHQYRRUGHEXLWHQODQGVHUHJLR¶VZRUGHQELMYRRUEHHOGDOVYROJWEHUHNHQG H W

(256) = G W

(257) + N W

(258)

(259)  ,  $ W

(260)

(261) %. %. %.  

(262). . %. PHW H % W

(263) ULMYHFWRUYDQHQHUJLHLQWHQVLWHLWHQLQEXLWHQODQGVHUHJLR%LQMDDUW G % W

(264) ULMYHFWRUYDQHQHUJLHFRsIILFLsQWHQLQEXLWHQODQGVHUHJLR%LQMDDUW H[RJHHQ

(265)  N % W

(266) ULMYHFWRUYDQHQHUJLHLQWHQVLWHLWHQYDQGHNDSLWDDOJRHGHUHQSHUVHFWRULQEXLWHQODQGVH UHJLR%LQMDDUW HQGRJHHQ

(267)  $ % W

(268) WHFKQRORJLVFKHPDWUL[YRRUEXLWHQODQGVHUHJLR%LQMDDUW ]LHIRUPXOH

(269)  2SHHQ]HOIGHPDQLHUZRUGHQRRNGHHQHUJLHLQWHQVLWHLWHQYRRU1HGHUODQGEHUHNHQG+LHUELM NDQRQGHUVFKHLGJHPDDNWZRUGHQWXVVHQHQHUJLHJHEUXLNELQQHQ1HGHUODQGHQHQHUJLHJHEUXLN LQKHWEXLWHQODQG H. 1/. W

(270) = G. 1/. W

(271) + Ê H W

(272) $ %. %. 0%. W

(273) + N. 1/. W

(274)

(275)  ,  $. 1/. W

(276)

(277). .  

(278). PHW H 1/ W

(279) ULMYHFWRUYDQHQHUJLHLQWHQVLWHLWHQLQ1HGHUODQGLQMDDUW G 1/ W

(280) ULMYHFWRUYDQHQHUJLHFRsIILFLsQWHQLQ1HGHUODQGLQMDDUW H[RJHHQ

(281)  $ 0% W

(282) WHFKQRORJLVFKHPDWUL[YDQLPSRUWHQYDQEXLWHQODQGVHUHJLR%QDDU1HGHUODQGLQMDDUW ]LHIRUPXOH

(283)  N 1/ W

(284) ULMYHFWRUYDQHQHUJLHLQWHQVLWHLWHQYDQGHNDSLWDDOJRHGHUHQSHUVHFWRULQ1HGHUODQGLQ MDDUW HQGRJHHQ

(285)  $ 1/ W

(286) WHFKQRORJLVFKHPDWUL[YRRU1HGHUODQGLQMDDUW ]LHIRUPXOH

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(289) = H 1/ W

(290) F W

(291) + Ê % H % W

(292) S F% W

(293).  

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(296)  VWDUWZDDUGHQ YRRUKHWEDVLVMDDU

(297) YRRUGHHQGRJHQHYDULDEHOHQ ]LHKLHURQGHU

(298)  ZDDUGHQYDQGHH[RJHQHYDULDEHOHQLQGHVFHQDULR¶V ]LHSDUDJUDDI

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(301) GHPD[LPDOHMDDUOLMNVHJURHLSHUVHFWRU LQIRUPXOH

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(304)  +LHU ]DO RS GH DIOHLGLQJ YDQ GH VWDUWZDDUGHQYRRUZRUGHQLQJHJDDQ 8LWGHLQWHUPHGLDLUHPDWUL[YRRU1HGHUODQGLVGHWHFKQRORJLVFKHPDWUL[ $ 

(305) LQIRUPXOH  [

(306)  EHUHNHQG GRRU YRRU HONH VHFWRU GH NRORPHOHPHQWHQ WH GHOHQ GRRU GH WRWDOH SURGXFWLH YDQ GLH VHFWRU 9RRU GH VHFWRUHQ GLH JHGHWDLOOHHUGHU ]LMQ GDQ GH &%6LQGHOLQJ LV YHURQGHUVWHOGGDWGHWHFKQRORJLVFKHLQSXWFRsIILFLsQWHQYDQGHJHGHWDLOOHHUGHVHFWRUHQJHOLMN ]LMQ DDQ GLH YDQ GH JHDJJUHJHHUGH VHFWRU 3HU UHJHO LV HHQ YHUGHOLQJ RYHU GH GHHOVHFWRUHQ DDQJHEUDFKW EHWUHIIHQGH GH OHYHULQJHQ YDQ GH GHHOVHFWRU DDQ DQGHUH VHFWRUHQ ,Q %LMODJH % ZRUGW EHVFKUHYHQ KRH YRRU GH EHLGH EXLWHQODQGVH UHJLR¶V LQSXWRXWSXW WDEHOOHQ ]LMQ JHFRQVWUXHHUG VHFWRUHQ

(307) 2SHHQ]HOIGHPDQLHUDOVKLHUERYHQYRRU1HGHUODQGEHVFKUHYHQ ]LMQYRRUEHLGHUHJLR¶VWHFKQRORJLVFKHPDWULFHV [

(308) DIJHOHLG 3HUUHJLR]LMQGHDI]RQGHUOLMNHLPSRUWFRsIILFLsQWHQ $ 

(309) LQIRUPXOHE[

(310) EHSDDOG GRRU SHU NRORP GH ZDDUGH XLW GH PDWUL[ YDQ LPSRUWHQ WH GHOHQ GRRU GH WRWDOH SURGXFWLH LQ 1HGHUODQGYDQGHELMEHKRUHQGHVHFWRU 0L.

(311) 5,90UDSSRUW. 3DJLQDYDQ. 8LW GH LQSXWRXWSXW WDEHO YRRU 1HGHUODQG LV HYHQHHQV GH PDWUL[ YDQ SULPDLUH LQSXW FRsIILFLsQWHQ DIJHOHLG 3 

(312)  IRUPXOH  [

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(315) LQIRUPXOH[

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(317) 'HH[RJHQHILQDOHYUDDJYDQGH EXLWHQODQGVHUHJLR¶V [

(318) LVDIJHOHLGXLWGHEXLWHQODQGVHLQSXWRXWSXWWDEHOOHQ %LMODJH%

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(320)  ZRUGW LQ ',0,75, EXLWHQEHVFKRXZLQJJHODWHQ 3URGXFWLHHQFDSDFLWHLW 'HSURGXFWLHLQGHYLMIMDDUYRRUDIJDDQGDDQ [ 

(321) [ 

(322) LQIRUPXOH[

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(324) J[ 

(325) LQIRUPXOH

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(327)  LQ IRUPXOH  [

(328)  LQ KHW EDVLVMDDU LV JHOLMN JHVWHOGDDQGHEHUHNHQGHSURGXFWLHYRRU'HEH]HWWLQJVJUDDG SURGXFWLHFDSDFLWHLW

(329) LQ KHWEDVLVMDDULVGDQJHOLMNDDQ 9RRU GH DDQZH]LJHFDSDFLWHLWZRUGWYHURQGHUVWHOGGDWLQKHWYHUOHGHQ RYHU GH GXXU YDQ GH DIVFKULMYLQJVWHUPLMQ

(330)  MDDUOLMNV KHW]HOIGH DDQGHHO LV JHSODDWVW 'H ZDDUGH YDQ 6t N W

(331) LQ IRUPXOH

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(333)  ,Q ',0,75, ZRUGHQ YRRU 1HGHUODQG  VHFWRUHQ RQGHUVFKHLGHQ GLH NDSLWDDO JRHGHUHQOHYHUHQ9RRUGHEXLWHQODQGVHUHJLR¶V]LMQGLWVHFWRUHQ ]LH7DEHO$%LMODJH$

(334)  9RRU 1HGHUODQG ZRUGW RQGHUVFKHLG JHPDDNW WXVVHQ PDWULFHV YDQ NDSLWDDOFRsIILFLsQWHQ EHWUHIIHQGH GH ELQQHQODQGVH OHYHULQJ YDQ LQYHVWHULQJVJRHGHUHQ % N 

(335) LQ IRUPXOH D 1. [[

(336)  HQ PDWULFHV EHWUHIIHQGH GH LPSRUWHQ YDQ LQYHVWHULQJVJRHGHUHQ % N 

(337) LQ IRUPXOH E [[

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(339) 3DJLQDYDQ. 5,90UDSSRUW. VHFWRUHQ9RRUGHEXLWHQODQGVHUHJLR¶VZRUGWJHHQRQGHUVFKHLGJHPDDNWWXVVHQLPSRUWHQHQ ELQQHQODQGVJHSURGXFHHUG % 

(340) LQIRUPXOHD[[

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(342) IRUPXOH

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