PREACHER AND SPIRITUALITY: A DIACONIOLOGICAL STUDY IN THE LIGHT OF THE PASTORAL EPISTLES

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PREACHER AND SPIRITUALITY:

A DIACONIOLOGICAL STUDY IN THE LIGHT OF THE

PASTORAL EPISTLES

by

HYUN KYU KIM (M. DIV.)

A dissertation submitted in

fulfilment

of the requirements for the degree of

THEOLOGIAE MASTER

in the Faculty of Theology (Department of Diaconiology)

at the

POTCHEFSTROOM UNIVERSITY

for

CHRISTIAN IDGHER EDUCATION

Promoter : Prof. Dr. C.J.H. Venter

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I thank God who gave me the wisdom and strength which enabled me to complete this study for my future ministry.

I am deeply grateful to the Faculty of Theology, Potchefstrrom University for Christian Higher Education for the privilege of presenting this dissertation.

My deep appreciation to my supervisor, Prof C.J.H. Venter, for his guidance and proper advice, as well as encouragement. He has always been kind and gentle to me personally.

A special word of gratitude is also due to Mrs. Anna Geyser for her painstaking efforts in checking and editing my dissertation in English, and to Prof Annette Combrink, Head of English Department, for proof-reading, and to my friends, Manie, Hendrine, Marilda, Louie and Hestie, who taught me and my family English and Afrikaans.

Appreciation goes to my Korean colleagues who are studying at the Potchefstroom University, and to my friends in Korea who prayed for me.

Finally I gratefully acknowledge that this work would have been humanly impossible to finish had it not been for the sacrifice and patience of my wife, Shin-Myeong, and three children, Jin, Yae-Eun, Yae-Jin. I am always sorry for them because I did not share enough time with them. I would like to thank my mother and parents-in-law warmly who continually supporting me in prayer.

HyunKyuKim

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 PRELIMINARY DEFINITION OF TERMS USED IN THIS STUDY 1

1.1.1 The term 'preaching' 1

1.1.2 The term 'preacher' 1

1.1.3 The term 'spirituality' 1

1.1.4 The term 'diaconiology' 3

1.1.5 The term 'Pastoral Epistles' 4

1.2 BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM STATEMENT OF THIS STUDY 4

1.2.1 Background of this study 4

1.2.2 Problem statement of this study 4

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY 8

1.3.1 Aim of this study 8

1.3.2 Objectives of this study 8

1.4 CENTRAL THEORETICAL ARGUMENT 9

1.5 METHOD OF THIS STUDY 9

1.6 DELIMITATION OF THIS STUDY 9

1.7 CHAPTER DIVISION 10

CHAPTER 2: BASIS-THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES FROM THE

PASTORAL EPISTLES ON PREACHING 11

2.1 INTRODUCTION: OUTLINE OF THE PASTORAL EPISTLES 11

2.1.1 Authorship 11 2.1.2 Date 12 2.1.3 Purpose 13 2.1.4 Theology 13 2.1.5 Significance 14 2.2 DEFINITION OF 'PREACHING' 14

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2.2.1 The words relating to 'preaching' in the Pastoral Epistles 14 2.2.2 Exegetical perspectives on the words relating to 'preaching'

in the Pastoral Epistles 15

2.2.2.1 napaKaAHV- napam<Allcr<; 15

2.2.2.2 napayyc:!.!.av - napayyt:Ata 16

2.2.2.3 EAEYXH v - EAEYJlO<; 16

2.2.2.4 otoacrKnv- otoacrKaAta - otoacrKaAO<;- OtOaKTtKo<; 17

2.2.2.5 KT)pUcrcret V - KllPUYJla - KllPU~ 18

2.2.2.6 ETilTt!lav 18 2.2.2.7 AaAElV 19 2.2.2.8 TiatOEUElV 19 2.2.2.9 avayvwcrt<; 19 2.2.3 Basis-theoretical conclusion 20 2.3 GOAL OF PREACIDNG 20

2.3.1 References relating to the goal of preaching in the Pastoral

Epistles 20

2.3.2 Exegetical perspectives on the references relating to the goal

of preaching in the Pastoral Epistles 21

2.3.2.1 I Tim. 4:16 21

2.3.2.2 Tit. 1:13-14 22

2.3.2.3 Tit. 3:8 22

2.3.3 Basis-theoretical conclusion 23

2.4 CENTRAL THEME OF PREACHING 23

2.4.1 References relating to the central theme of preaching

2.4.2 Exegetical perspectives on the references relating to the central theme of preaching in the Pastoral Epistles 24

2.4.2.1 I Tim. 1:15 24

2.4.2.2 I Tim. 2:5-6 24

2.4.2.3 I Tim. 3:16 25

2.5 PRIMACY OF PREACHING 26

2.5.1 References relating to the primacy of preaching in the Pastoral

Epistles 26

2.5.2 Exegetical perspectives on the references relating to the primacy

of preaching in the Pastoral Epistles 26

2.5.2.1 IT Tim. 2:2 26

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2.5.3 Basis-theoretical conclusion 2.6 URGENCY OF PREACHING

2.6.1 References relating to the urgency of preaching in the Pastoral Epistles

2.6.2 Exegetical perspectives on the references relating to the urgency of preaching in the Pastoral Epistles

2.6.2.1 II Tim. 4:2

2.6.3 Basis-theoretical conclusion . 2.7 _{PREACHING AS THE WORD OF GOD}

2.7.1 References relating to preaching as the Word of God in the Pastoral Epistles

2.7.2 Exegetical perspectives on the references relating to preaching as the Word of God in the Pastoral Epistles

2.7.2.1 II Tim. 4:2 2.7.2.2 Tit. 1:3

2.7.3 Basis-theoretical conclusion 2.8 POWER OF PREACHING

2.8.1 References relating to the power of preaching in the Pastoral Epistles

2.8.2 Exegetical perspectives on the references relating to the power of preaching in the Pastoral Epistles

2.8.2.1 II Tim. 3:15-17 2.8.2.1.1 God-breathed Word 2.8.2.1.2 Salvation and the Word

2.8.2.1.3 Useful words for equipping a man thoroughly 2.8.2.1.3.1 otoaaKaAta (teaching)

2.8.2.1.3.2 EA£y~o~ (rebuking)

2.8.2.1.3.3 Enavopewcnc; (correcting) 2.8.2.1.3.4 nmona (training)

2.8.3 Basis-theoretical conclusion

2.9 FINAL BASIS-THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES FROM THE PASTORAL EPISTLES ON PREACHING

CHAPTER 3: BASIS-THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES FROM THE PASTORAL EPISTLES ON THE PREACHER

l1l 28 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 31 31 32 33 33 33 33 33 33 34 34 34 35 35 36 36 38

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3.1 DEFINITION OF TIIE 'PREACHER' 38 3.1.1 Expression relating to the 'preacher' in the Pastoral Epistles 38 3.1.2 Exegetical perspectives on expression relating to the 'preacher'

3.1.2.1 KTJpUl; 39

3.1.2.2 OlTOOTOAO<; 40

3.1.2.3 8 t8am<al.o<; 41

3.1.2.4 wayyEAtOTT)<; 41

3.2 TIIE PREACHER AND IDS IDENTITY 42

3.2.1 References relating to the preacher and his identity in the

Pastoral Epistles 42

3.2.2 Exegetical perspectives on the references relating to the

preacher and his identity in the Pastoral Epistles 42

3.2.2.1 I Tim. 1:15 42

3.2.2.2 I Tim. 6:11-12 43

3.3 TIIE PREACHER AND IDS REQUIREMENTS 45

3.3.1 References relating to the preacher and his requirements

in the Pastoral Epistles: I Tim. 3:2-7, Tit. 1:6-9. 45 3.3.2 Exegetical perspectives on the references relating to the

preacher and his requirements in the Pastoral Epistles 46

3.3.2.1 Requirements for pastoral acting 47

3.3.2.2 Requirements for behaviour 47

3.3.2.3 Requirements for character 47

3.3.2.4 Requirements for action towards others 48

3.4 TIIE PREACHER AND HIS TASK 48

3.4.1 References relating to the preacher and his task

3.4.2 Exegetical perspectives on the references relating to the preacher

and his task in the Pastoral Epistles 49

3.4.2.1 II Tim. 4:1-5 49

3.4.2.2 Tit. 2:1-10 50

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3.5 THEPREACHERANDHISAUTHORITY 51

3.5 .1 References relating to the preacher and his authority

preacher and his authority in the Pastoral Epistles 52

3.5.2.1 ITim.1:1 52

3.5.2.2 II Tim. 2:24 and Tit.l:l 52

3.6 THE PREACHER AND HIS LEADERSHIP OF THE CONGREGATION 54

3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.2.1 3.6.2.2 3.6.2.3 3.6.2.3.1 3.6.2.3.2 3.6.3

References relating to the preacher and his leadership of the congregation in the Pastoral Epistles

Exegetical perspectives on the references relating to the preacher and his leadership of the congregation in the Pastoral Epistles

I Tim. 4:6 II Tim. 2:15 II Tim. 4:12, Tit. 2:7 II Tim. 4:12 Tit. 2:7 Basis-theoretical conclusion

3.7 THE PREACHER AND HIS NECESSITY

3.7.1 References relating to the preacher and his necessity

in the Pastoral Epistles

3.7.2 Exegetical perspectives on the references relating to the preacher

and his necessity in the Pastoral Epistles

3.7.2.1 Tit. 1:3

3.7.3 Basis-theoretical conclusion

3.8 THE PREACHER AND HIS LISTENERS

3.8.1 References relating to the preacher and his listeners

in the Pastoral Epistles

preacher and his future listeners in the Pastoral Epistles 3.8.2.1 II Tim. 3:1-5 3.8.2.2 II Tim. 4:3-5 3.8.3 Basis-theoretical conclusion v 54 55 55 55 56 56 57 58 59 59 59 59 60 60 60 61 61 62 64

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3.9 FINAL BASIS-THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES FROM TIIE PASTORAL EPISTLES ON THE 'PREACHER'

CHAPTER 4: PERSPECTIVES FROM THE PASTORAL EPISTLES ON THE PREACHER'S SPIRITUALITY

64

66 4.1 SPJRITUALITY AS 'Eucrcf}aa' IN TIIE PASTORAL EPISTLES 66

4.1.1 Semantic meaning of 'cucrcf}cta' 66

4.1.2 References on 'cucrcf}aa' in the Pastoral Epistles 67 4.1.3 4.1.3.1 4.1.3.1.1 4.1.3.1.2 4.1.3.2 4.1.3.2.1 4.1.3.2.2 4.1.3.3 4.1.4

Exegetical perspectives on the references on 'cucrcf)aa' in the Pastoral Epistles

I Tim. 6:3; Tit. 1:1 I Tim. 6:3 Tit. 1:1 II Tim. 3:12-13; Tit. 2:12-13 II Tim. 3:12-13 Tit. 2: 12-13 I Tim. 3:16 Basis-theoretical conclusion

4.2 PERSPECTIVES FROM THE PASTORAL EPISTLES ON THE

67 67 68 68

69

70 72 73 PREACHER'S SPJRITUALITY 73

4.2.1 Perspectives on the preacher's spirituality relating to

the truth of the gospel 73

4.2.1.1 References on the preacher's spirituality relating to the truth

of the gospel 73

4.2.1.2 Exegetical perspectives on the preacher's spirituality relating

to the truth of the gospel 74

4.2.1.2.1 Proclamation for the glory of God: I Tim. 1:16-17; I Tim. 6:15-16 74 4.2.1.2.2 Christ-centred gospel: I Tim. 1:15; I Tim. 3:15 76 4.2.1.2.3 Burning heart for the gospel: II Tim. 2:3, 9 78 4.2.1.2.4 Bold proclamation: II Tim. 1:7-8, 12 80 4.2.1.2.5 Faithfulness to the word oftruth: II Tim. 2:15 82

4.2.1.3 Conclusion 83

4.2.2 Perspectives on the preacher's spirituality relating to the life

of the gospel 84

4.2.2.1 References on the preacher's spirituality relating to the life

of the gospel 84

4.2.2.2 Exegetical perspectives on the preacher's spirituality

relating to the life of the gospel 84

4.2.2.2.1 True love: I Tim. 1:5; II Tim. 1:7 84

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4.2.2.2.2 4.2.2.2.3 4.2.2.2.4 4.2.2.2.4.1 4.2.2.2.4.2 4.2.2.3 4.2.3 Self-sacrifice: ll Tim. 2:3-4 Hwnility: I Tim. 3:6

Holy life: I Tim. 6:6-11; I Tim. 5:2 The preacher should not covet money

The preacher should be pure with regard to sexual problems Conclusion Basis-theoretical conclusion 86 89 92 92 94 95 96

4.3 NECESSITY OF THE PREACHER'S SPIRITUALITY 97

4.3.1 References relating to necessity of the preacher's spirituality

necessity of the preacher's spirituality 97

4.3.2.1 II Tim. 3:5 97

4.4 FINAL PERSPECTIVES FROM THE PASTORAL EPIS1LES

ON THE PREACHER'S SPIRITUALITY

CHAPTER 5: PRACTICE-THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE PREACHER AND SPIRITUALITY

5.1 THE PREACHER'S GENERAL PUBLIC ROLES

5.1.1 Preaching 5.1.2 Teaching 5.1.3 Counselling 5.1.4 Visiting 5.1.5 Administration 5.1.6 Conclusion

5.2 THE PREACHER AND IDS SPIRITUALITY IN MULTIPLE

RELATIONSIDPS 5.2.1 Family 5.2.2 Colleagues 5.2.3 Congregation 5.2.4 Social community 5.2.5 Conclusion

5.3 THE PREACHER AS A PERSON AND IDS SPIRITUALITY

VII 98 101 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 108 109 110 111 112 112

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5.3.1 Physical dimension 112

5.3.1.1 The importance of the body 113

5.3.1.2 Preacher's work is never done 113

5.3.2 Mental dimension 114 5.3.2.1 Burnout 114 5.3.2.2 Pressure 115 5.3.3 Emotional dimension 116 5.3.3.1 Stress 116 5.3.3.2 Conflict 117 5.3.3.3 Depression 118 5.3.3.4 Tension 119 5.3.3.5 Anxiety 120 5.3.3.6 Loneliness 121 5.3.4 Social dimension 122 5.3.5 Conclusion 123

5.4 1HE PREACHER AND HIS SPIRITUALITY IN HAZARDS 123

5.4.1 Pride 123

5.4.2 Laziness 124

5.4.3 Professionalism 125

5.4.4 Sexual misconduct 125

5.4.5 Conclusion 126

5.5 FINAL CONCLUSION ON PRACTICE-1HEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES

ON 1HE PREACHER AND HIS SPIRITUALITY 127

CHAPTER 6: THE PREACHER AND IDS SPIRITUALITY: BASIS-THEORETICAL AND

PRACTICE-THEORETICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE PRAXIS 129

6.1 DEFINING 1HE TERM 'PRACTICE OF SPIRITUALITY' 129

6.2 BIBLICAL BASIS OF PRACTICE OF SPIRITUALITY 130

6.2.1 References relating to biblical basis for the practice of

spirituality in the Pastoral Epistles 130

biblical basis for the practice of spirituality

6.2.2. I I Tim. 4:7 120

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6.3 NECESSITY OF PRACTICE IN SPIRITUALITY 132 6.3.1 References relating to the necessity of practice in spirituality

necessity of practice in spirituality in the Pastoral Epistles 133

6.3.2.1 I Tim. 4:8-9 133

6.4 THE GUIDELINES FOR THE PREACHER'S PRACTICE IN

SPIRITUALITY 134

6.4.1 The preacher must take in the Word of God 134 6.4.1.1 Basis-theoretical approach to the guideline 134 6.4.1.1.1 Relevant references in the Pastoral Epistles 135 6.4.1.1.2 Exegetical perspectives from the Pastoral Epistles on

the references 135

6.4.1.1.2.1 I Tim. 4:6 135

6.4.1.1.2.2 II Tim. 4:13 136

6.4.1.2 Practice-theoretical approach to the guideline 138 6.4.1.2.1 The preacher must hear the Word of God 138 6.4.1.2.2 The preacher must read the Word of God 139 6.4.1.2.3 The preacher must study the Word of God 140 6.4.1.2.4 The preacher must memorise the Word of God 140 6.4.1.2.5 The preacher must meditate on the Word of God 141

6.4.1.3 Conclusion 142

6.4.2 The preacher must pray to God 143

6.4.2.1 Basis-theoretical approach to the guideline 143 6.4.2.1.1 Relevant references in the Pastoral Epistles 143 6.4.2.1.2 Exegetical perspectives from the Pastoral Epistles on

the references 143

6.4.2.1.2.1 I Tim. 2:1 143

6.4.2.1.2.2 II Tim. 1:3 145

6.4.2.2 Practice-theoretical approach to the guideline 146

6.4.2.2.1 Prayer as a response to God 146

6.4.2.2.2 How should the preacher pray? 147

6.4.2.2.2.1 The preacher must pray personally 147 6.4.2.2.2.2 The preacher must pray with and for others 148 6.4.2.2.2.3 The preacher must pray persistently 149

6.4.2.2.3 When should the preacher pray? 150

6.4.2.2.3.1 Before making important decisions 150

6.4.2.2.3.2 When concerned about others 150

6.4.2.2.3.3 When tempted 151

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6.4.2.2.3.4 When in pain

6.4.2.3 Conclusion

6.4.3 The preacher must rely fully upon the Holy Spirit

6.4.3.1 Basis-theoretical approach to the guideline

6.4.3.1.1 Relevant references in the Pastoral Epistles

6.4.3.1.2 Exegetical perspectives from the Pastoral Epistles on

the references

6.4.3.1.2.1 The Holy Spirit and God-breathed word: II Tim. 3:16

6.4.3.1.2.2 The Holy Spirit as the true preacher: I Tim. 4:1

6.4.3.1.2.3 The Holy Spirit as a dispenser of spiritual talents: I Tim. 4:14

6.4.3.1.2.4 The Holy Spirit as a provider of spiritual power: II Tim. 1 :7

6.4.3.1.2.5 The Holy Spirit as an originator of spiritual renewal: Tit. 3:5

6.4.3.2 Practice-theoretical approach to the guideline

6.4.3.2.1 The preacher must rely upon the Holy Spirit for

his general public roles

his multiple relationships

his personality

6.4.3.2.4 The preacher must rely upon the Holy Spirit because of

his hazards

6.4.3.3 Conclusion

6.4.4 Conclusion

6.5 FINAL PERSPECTIVES ON BASIS-THEORETICAL AND

PRACTICE-THEORETICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE PREACHER'S SPIRITUALITY

CHAPTER 7: FINAL CONCLUSION

7.1 THE AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

7.2 CONCLUSIONS ON BASIS-THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES FROM

151 151 152 152 152 152 152 153 155 156 158 159 159 160 161 162 162 163 164 166 166

THE PASTORAL EPISTLES ON 'PREACHING' 166

7.3 CONCLUSIONS ON BASIS-THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES FROM

THE PASTORAL EPISTLES ON 'PREACHER'

7.4 CONCLUSIONS ON THE PERSPECTIVES FROM THE PASTORAL

EPISTLES ON THE 'PREACHER'S SPIRITUALITY'

167

168

7.5 CONCLUSIONS ON THE PRACTICE-THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES

ON THE PREACHER AND HIS SPIRITUALITY 169

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7.6 CONCLUSIONS ON THE PREACHER AND HIS SPIRITUALITY

BASIS-THEORETICAL AND PRACTICE-THEORETICAL GUIDELINES

FOR THE PRAXIS 170

7.7 THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE FINAL CONCLUSIONS 172

7.8 TOPICS FOR FURTHER STUDY 174

7.9 KEYWORDS OF THIS STUDY 174

ABSTRACT 175

SEMEVATTING 179

ABBREVIATIONS 183

BffiLIOGRAPHY 185