University of Groningen
The power of polymer wrapping
Salazar Rios, Jorge
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Publication date: 2018
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Salazar Rios, J. (2018). The power of polymer wrapping: Selection of semiconducting carbon nanotubes, interaction mechanism, and optoelectronic devices. University of Groningen.
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The power of polymer wrapping
Selection of semiconducting carbon nanotubes,
interaction mechanism, and optoelectronic devices
Jorge Mario Salazar Rios
ii
The power of polymer wrapping:
Selection of semiconducting carbon nanotubes, interaction mechanism and
optoelectronic devices.
Jorge Mario Salazar Rios
PhD thesis
University of Groningen, The Netherlands
Zernike Institute PhD thesis series 2018-15
ISSN: 1570-1530
ISBN: 978-94-034-0763-0 (printed version)
978-94-034-0764-7 (electronic version)
The research presented in this thesis has been carried out in the research group Photopysics & Optoelectronic of the Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands. This work is part of the research program of the Foundation for Fundamental Research of Matter (FOM), which is part of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). This is a publication by the FOM Focus Group Next
Generation Organic Photovoltaics, participating in the Dutch Institute for Fundamental
Energy Research (DIFFER).
Cover design by Tatiana Osipina with the collaboration of Daniel Alejandro
Salazar Rios: The pattern is an abstract representation of the carbon
honey-combs that forms the nanotubes.
The power of polymer wrapping
Selection of semiconducting carbon nanotubes, interaction
mechanism, and optoelectronic devices
PhD thesis
to obtain the degree of PhD at the
University of Groningen
on the authority of the
Rector Magnificus Prof. E. Sterken
and in accordance with
the decision by the College of Deans.
This thesis will be defended in public on
Friday 22 June 2018 at 12:45 hours
by
Jorge Mario Salazar Rios
born on 15 August 1989
in Manizales, Colombia
iv
Supervisor
Prof. M.A. Loi
Prof. J.C. Hummelen
Assessment Committee
Prof. P. Rudolf
Prof. E. Menna
Prof. Y.Y. Noh
i
Contents
Contents ... i Chapter 1 Introduction ... 5 The discovery of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes ... 6 1.1
Describing Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes ... 7 1.2
Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes ... 10 1.3
Selection of semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes ... 11 1.4
Polymer-Wrapped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes ... 12 1.5
Characterization of semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube inks ... 15 1.6
Fabrication of field effect transistors using Single-Walled Carbon 1.7
Nanotubes ………16 Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes field effect transistor operation and 1.7.1
characterization ... 17 Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in solar cells ... 23 1.8
Thesis outline ... 26 1.9
References ... 28 1.10
Chapter 2 Understanding the Selection Mechanism of the Polymer Wrapping Technique: Toward Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes... 33
Introduction ... 34 2.1
Selection of s-SWNTs using conjugated polymers with different 2.2
backbones ………..36 Simulation of the interactions between SWNT and the conjugated 2.3 polymers ... 42 Conclusion ... 46 2.4 Experimental section ... 47 2.5
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References ... 50 2.6
Chapter 3 Selecting Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Narrow Bandgap Naphthalene Diimide-based Polymers ... 53
Introduction ... 54 3.1
Selection of s-SWNT using diimide-based conjugated polymers ... 55 3.2
Influence of free polymer excess in the s-SWNT network ... 57 3.3 Conclusion ... 63 3.4 Experimental section ... 64 3.5 References ... 67 3.6
Chapter 4 Customizing the Polarity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors using solution-based additives ... 69
Introduction ... 70 4.1
Polarity control of s-SWNT field effect transistors ... 71 4.2
Study of the polarity change mechanism ... 77 4.3 Conclusion ... 83 4.4 Experimental section ... 83 4.5 References ... 87 4.6
Chapter 5 Enhancing Quantum Dot Solar Cells stability with Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes interlayer ... 89
Introduction ... 90 5.1
Results and discussion ... 91 5.2 Conclusion ... 97 5.3 Experimental section ... 97 5.4 References ... 100 5.5
Chapter 6 Are Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Promising for Industrial Applications? ... 103
Introduction ... 104 6.1
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Valorization ... 104
6.2 The market needs ... 105
6.3 Why s-SWNTs? ... 105
6.4 Description of the s-SWNT ink market... 106
6.5 What is needed to use s-SWNTs for printable electronics? ... 106
6.6 How to implemented carbon nanotubes in the production of RFID labels? ... 107
6.7 Conclusion ... 108 6.8 References ... 109 6.9 Summary ... 111 Samenvatting ... 115 Acknowledgment ... 119 List of Publications ... 129
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