The handle
http://hdl.handle.net/1887/3157041
holds various files of this Leiden
University dissertation.
Author: Li, W.
Title: The beginning of infant self-regulation: a longitudinal study involving infants,
mothers and fathers in the Netherlands and China
References
Ainsworth, M. D. (1964). Patterns of attachment behavior shown by the infant in interaction with his mother. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and Development, 10(1), 51-58.
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Bell, S. M., & Stayton, D. F. (1974). Infant-mother attachment and social development: Socialization as a product of reciprocal responsiveness to signals. In The integration of a child into a social world.
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2010). Weighted least squares estimation with missing data. Retrieved from http://ww.statmodel.com/download/GstrucMissingRevision.pdf
Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Working memory. Claredon Press. Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall.
Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic psychology monographs.
Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 4(1, Pt.2), 1–103. https://doi.org/:10.1037/h0030372.
Belsky, J., Jaffee, S. R., Sligo, J., Woodward, L., & Silva, P. A. (2005). Intergenerational transmission of warm‐sensitive‐stimulating parenting: A prospective study of mothers and fathers of 3‐year‐olds. Child development, 76(2), 384-396. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00852.x. Belsky, J., Putnam, S., & Crnic, K. (1996). Coparenting, parenting, and early emotional development.
New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 1996(74), 45–55. https://doi. org/:10.1002/cd.23219967405
Bernier, A., Carlson, S. M., & Whipple, N. (2010). From external regulation to self‐regulation: Early parenting precursors of young children’s executive functioning. Child Development, 81(1), 326-339. https://doi.org/:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01397.
Bernier, A., Carlson, S. M., Deschênes, M., & Matte-Gagné, C. (2012). Social factors in the development of early executive functioning: a closer look at the caregiving environment. Developmental Science, 15(1), 12–24. https://doi.org/:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01093. Best, J. R., & Miller, P. H. (2010). A developmental perspective on executive function. Child
Best, J. R., Miller, P. H., & Naglieri, J. A. (2011). Relations between executive function and academic achievement from ages 5 to 17 in a large, representative national sample. Learning and Individual Differences, 21(4), 327–336. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.lindif.2011.01.007. Blair, C., Raver, C. C., & Berry, D. J. (2014). Two approaches to estimating the effect of parenting
on the development of executive function in early childhood. Developmental psychology, 50(2), 554. https://doi.org/:10.1037/a0033647.
Blair, C., Granger, D. A., Willoughby, M., Mills‐Koonce, R., Cox, M., Greenberg, M. T., ... & FLP Investigators. (2011). Salivary cortisol mediates effects of poverty and parenting on executive functions in early childhood. Child Development, 82(6), 1970-1984. https://doi.org/:10.111 1/j.1467-8624.2011.01643.
Bornstein, M. H. (2015). Culture, parenting, and zero-to-threes. Zero to three, 35(4), 2. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Attachment (Vol. 1). In Attachment.
Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent–child attachment and healthy human development. Basic Books (Original work published 1969).
Braungart-Rieker, J. M., Hill-Soderlund, A. L., & Karrass, J. (2010). Fear and anger reactivity trajectories from 4 to 16 months: The roles of temperament, regulation, and maternal sensitivity. Developmental Psychology, 46(4), 791–804. https://doi.org/:10.1037/a0019673. Braungart-Rieker, J.M., Garwood, M. M., Powers, B. P., & Notaro, P. C. (1998). Infant affect and affect regulation during the still-face paradigm with mothers and fathers: The role of infant characteristics and parental sensitivity. Developmental Psychology, 34(6), 1428–1437. https:// doi.org/:10.1037/0012-1649.34.6.1428.
Braungart‐Rieker, J. M., Garwood, M. M., Powers, B. P., & Wang, X. (2001). Parental sensitivity, infant affect, and affect regulation: Predictors of later attachment. Child development, 72(1), 252-270. https://doi.org/:10.1111/1467-8624.00277.
Bridges, L. J., Grolnick, W., & Connell, J. P. (1997). Infant emotion regulation with mothers and fathers. Infant Behavior and Development, 20, 47–57. https://doi.org/:10.1016/S0163-6383(97)90060-6
Bridges, L.J., & Grolnick, W.S. (1995). The development of emotional self regulation in infancy and early childhood. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology: Vol. 15. Social development. Sage.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32, 513–531. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.32.7.513
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological models of human development. In T. Husen & T. N. Postlethwaite (Ed.), The international encyclopedia of education (2nd ed., pp. 1643–1647). Elsevier Science.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1995). Developmental ecology through space and time: A future perspective. Examining Lives in Context: Perspectives on the Ecology of Human Development., 619–647. https://doi.org/:10.1037/10176-018
Bronte-Tinkew, J., Carrano, J., Horowitz, A., & Kinukawa, A. (2008). Involvement Among Resident Fathers and Links to Infant Cognitive Outcomes. Journal of Family Issues, 29(9), 1211– 1244. https://doi.org/:10.1177/0192513x08318145.
Burnette, D., Sun, J., & Sun, F. (2012). A Comparative Review of Grandparent Care of Children in the U.S. and China. Ageing International, 38(1), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-012-9174-z.
Cabrera, N. J., Fagan, J., Wight, V., & Schadler, C. (2011). Influence of Mother, Father, and Child Risk on Parenting and Children’s Cognitive and Social Behaviors. Child Development, 82(6), 1985–2005. https://doi.org/:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01667.
Cabrera, N., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Bradley, R. H., Hofferth, S., & Lamb, M. E. (2000). Fatherhood in the Twenty-First Century. Child Development, 71(1), 127–136. https://doi. org/:10.1111/1467-8624.00126
Cai, F. (2018). Perceiving Truth and Ceasing Doubts: What Can We Learn from 40 Years of China’s Reform and Opening up?. China & World Economy, 26(2), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/ cwe.12234.
Calkins, S. D., & Dedmon, S. A. (2000). Physiological and behavioral regulation in two-year-old children with aggressive/destructive behavior problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2, 103–118.
Calkins, S. D., & Leerkes, E. M. (2004). Early attachment processes and the development of emotional self-regulation. Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications, 324-339. Camras, L., Kolmodin, K., & Chen, Y. (2008). Mothers’ self-reported emotional expression in
Mainland Chinese, Chinese American and European American families. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32(5), 459-463. https://doi.org/:10.1177/0165025408093665. Cantero, M.-J., Alfonso-Benlliure, V., & Melero, R. (2016). Creativity in Middle Childhood:
Influence of Perceived Maternal Sensitivity, Self-esteem, and Shyness. Creativity Research Journal, 28(1), 105–113. https://doi.org/:10.1080/10400419.2016.1125246.
Carlson, S. M. (2005). Developmentally Sensitive Measures of Executive Function in Preschool Children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 28(2), 595–616. https://doi.org/:10.1207/
Carlson, S. M., Mandell, D. J., & Williams, L. (2004). Executive Function and Theory of Mind: Stability and Prediction From Ages 2 to 3. Developmental Psychology, 40(6), 1105–1122. https://doi.org/:10.1037/0012-1649.40.6.1105.
Cassano, M. C., & Zeman, J. L. (2010). Parental socialization of sadness regulation in middle childhood: The role of expectations and gender. Developmental Psychology, 46, 1214–1226. https://doi.org/:10.1037/a0019851.
Cassidy, J. (1994). Emotion regulation: Influences of attachment relationships. In N. A. Fox (Ed.), Emotion regulation: Behavioral and biological considerations: Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(240), 228–249. https://doi.org/:10.2307/1166148 Casstevens, R. M. (2007). JHab: Java habituation software [Computer Software]. Chevy Chase, MD:
Author.
Chambers, S. A., Rowa-Dewar, N., Radley, A., & Dobbie, F. (2017). A systematic review of grandparents’ influence on grandchildren’s cancer risk factors. PLOS ONE, 12(11), e0185420. https://doi.org/:10.1371/journal.pone.0185420.
Chan J., (2015). Cross-cultural differences in maternal sensitivity and child behavior among Chinese Canadian and European Canadian families. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). York University, Toronto, Canada.
Chan, W. L. (2012). Expectations for the transition from kindergarten to primary school amongst teachers, parents and children. Early Child Development and Care,182(5), 639–664. https:// doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2011.569543.
Chang, L. (1999). Gender role egalitarian attitudes in Beijing, Hong Kong, Florida, and Michigan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30(6), 722–741. https://doi.org/:10.1177/002202219 9030006004.
Chang, L., Chen, B.-B., & Ji, L. Q. (2011). Attributions and Attitudes of Mothers and Fathers in China. Parenting, 11(2-3), 102–115. https://doi.org/:10.1080/15295192.2011.585553. Chao, R. K. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: understanding Chinese
parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 65(4), 1111–1119. Chao, R. K., & Sue, S. (1996). Chinese parental influence and their children’s school success. In S. Lau
(Ed.), Growing up the Chinese way: Chinese child and adolescent development. The Chinese University Press.
Chao, R., & Tseng, V. (2002). Parenting of Asians. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 4, Social conditions and applied parenting (2nd ed., pp. 59–93). Erlbaum.
Cheah, C. S. L., & Rubin, K. H. (2003). European American and mainland Chinese moth-ers’ socialization beliefs regarding preschoolers’ social skills. Parenting: Scienceand Practice, 3(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327922par0301_01
Cheah, C. S. L., Li, J., Zhou, N., Yamamoto, Y., & Leung, C. Y. Y. (2015). Understanding Chinese immigrant and European American mothers’ expressions of warmth. Developmental Psychology, 51(12), 1802–1811. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039855.
Chen, F., Liu, G., & Mair, C. A. (2011). Intergenerational ties in context: grandparents caring for grandchildren in China. Social Forces, 90(2), 571–594. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sor012. Chen, F., Short, S. E., & Entwisle, B. (2000). The impact of grandparental proximity on maternal
childcare in China. Population Research and Policy Review, 19(6), 571-590.
Chen, X (2000). Growing up in a collectivistic culture: Socialization and socioemotional development in Chinese children. in press In AL Comunian & UP Gielen. Human development in cross-cultural perspective. Cedam.
Chen, X., & Chen, H. (2010). Children’s socioemotional functioning and adjustment in the changing Chinese society. In R. K. Silbereisen & X. Chen (Eds.), Social change and human development: Concepts and results (pp. 209 –226). Sage. https://doi.org/:10.4135/9781446252161.n10. Chen, X., Chen, H., Wang, L., & Liu, M. (2002). Noncompliance and child-rearing attitudes as predictors
of aggressive behaviour: A longitudinal study in Chinese children. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26(3), 225-233. https://doi.org/:10.1080/01650250143000012. Chen, X., Hastings, P. D., Rubin, K. H., Chen, H., Cen, G., & Stewart, S. L. (1998). Child-rearing
attitudes and behavioral inhibition in Chinese and Canadian toddlers: A cross-cultural study. Developmental Psychology, 34(4), 677–686. https://doi.org/:10.1037/0012-1649.34.4.677. Chen, Z., & Kaplan, H. B. (2001). Intergenerational Transmission of Constructive Parenting. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(1), 17–31. https://doi.org/:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00017.x Chen, Z., Liu, R. X., & Kaplan, H. B. (2008). Mediating mechanisms for the intergenerational
transmission of constructive parenting. Journal of Family Issues, 29(12), 1574–1599. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0192513x08318968.
Cheng, N., Lu, S., Archer, M., & Wang, Z. (2018). Quality of Maternal Parenting of 9-Month-Old Infants Predicts Executive Function Performance at 2 and 3 Years of Age. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02293.
Cheung, C. S., Pomerantz, E. M., Wang, M., & Qu, Y. (2016). Controlling and autonomy‐supportive parenting in the United States and china: Beyond children’s reports. Child Development, 87(6), 1992-2007. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12567.
Chuang, S. S. (2009). Transformation and change: Parenting in Chinese societies. Pathways of development: Explorations of change, 191-206.
Colombo, J. (2001). The development of visual attention in infancy. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 337-367. https://doi.org/:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.337.
Colombo, J., Mitchell, D. W., & Horowitz, F. D. (1988). Infant Visual Attention in the Paired-Comparison Paradigm: Test-Retest and Attention-Performance Relations. Child Development, 59(5), 1198–1210. https://doi.org/:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb01489.x.
Cong, Z., & Silverstein, M. (2011). Custodial Grandparents and Intergenerational Support in Rural China. Experiencing Grandparenthood, 109–127. https://doi.org/:10.1007/978-94-007-2303-0_7.
Conger, R. D., Belsky, J., & Capaldi, D. M. (2009). The intergenerational transmission of parenting: Closing comments for the special section. Developmental Psychology, 45(5), 1276–1283. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016911.
Coppola, G., Aureli, T., Grazia, A., & Ponzetti, S. (2016). Reunion Patterns in the Still‐Face Paradigm as Predicted by Maternal Sensitivity and Dyadic Coordination. Infancy, 21(4), 453-477. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12115.
Cuevas, K., & Bell, M. A. (2014). Infant Attention and Early Childhood Executive Function. Child Development, 85(2), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12126.
Cuevas, K., Deater‐Deckard, K., Kim‐Spoon, J., Watson, A. J., Morasch, K. C., & Bell, M. A. (2014). What’s mom got to do with it? Contributions of maternal executive function and caregiving to the development of executive function across early childhood. Developmental science, 17(2), 224-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12073
Deans, C. L. (2018). Maternal sensitivity, its relationship with child outcomes, and interventions that address it: a systematic literature review. Early Child Development and Care, 1–24. https:// doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2018.1465415.
Devine, R. T., & Hughes, C. (2014). Relations Between False Belief Understanding and Executive Function in Early Childhood: A Meta-Analysis. Child development, 85(5), 1777-1794. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12237.
Di Giorgio, E., Turati, C., Altoè, G., & Simion, F. (2012). Face detection in complex visual displays: An eye-tracking study with 3-and 6-month-old infants and adults. Journal of experimental child psychology, 113(1), 66-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2012.04.012.
Diamond, A. (1991). Neuropsychological insights into the meaning of object concept development. In S. Carey & R. Gelman (Eds.), The epigenesis of mind: Essays on biology and cognition (pp. 67–110). Erlbaum.
DiCorcia, J. A., Snidman, N., Sravish, A. V., & Tronick, E. (2016). Evaluating the Nature of the Still‐Face Effect in the Double Face‐to‐Face Still‐Face Paradigm Using Different Comparison Groups. Infancy, 21(3), 332-352. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12123.
Du, F., Wang, W., & Dong, X. (2018). Shijian dou qu na’r le? Zhongguo shijian liyong diaocha yanjiu baogao [Where has time gone? Research report of Chinese time use survey]. Chinese Social Science Press.
Economy of China (2020, July 4). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_China Edwards, R. C., & Hans, S. L. (2015). Prenatal Depressive Symptoms and Toddler Behavior Problems:
The Role of Maternal Sensitivity and Child Sex. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 47(5), 696–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-015-0603-6.
Ekas, N. V., Lickenbrock, D. M., & Braungart-Rieker, J. M. (2013). Developmental trajectories of emotion regulation across infancy: Do age and the social partner influence temporal patterns? Infancy, 18, 729–754. https://doi.org/:10.1111/infa.12003
English, T., & John, O. P. (2013). Understanding the social effects of emotion regulation: The mediating role of authenticity for individual differences in suppression. Emotion, 13(2), 314. https://doi.org/:10.1037/a0029847.
Escudero, P., Robbins, R. A., & Johnson, S. P. (2013). Sex-related preferences for real and doll faces versus real and toy objects in young infants and adults. Journal of experimental child psychology, 116(2), 367-379. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.jecp.2013.07.001.
Fang, Z., Barlow, J., & Zhang, C. (2020). Parenting programs that address physical abuse in childhood for families of children with developmental disabilities in mainland China: systematic review and meta-regression. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, https://doi.org/:10.1177/1524838020915599. Feldman, R. (2003). Infant–mother and infant–father synchrony: The coregulation of positive arousal.
Infant Mental Health Journal, 24, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.10041
Feng, J., & Zhang, X. (2017). Retirement and grandchild care in urban China. Feminist Economics, 24(2), 240–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2017.1370120.
Field, T., Diego, M., & Hernandez-Reif, M. (2009). Depressed mothers’ infants are less responsive to faces and voices. Infant Behavior and Development, 32(3), 239-244. https://doi. org/::10.1016/j.infbeh.2009.03.005.
Fiorilli, C., De Stasio, S., Di Chicchio, C., & Chan, S. M. (2015). Emotion socialization practices in Italian and Hong Kong-Chinese mothers. SpringerPlus, 4(1), 758.https://doi.org/:10.1186/ s40064-015-1550-1.
Fogel, A., & Thelen, E. (1987). Development of early expressive and communicative action: Reinterpreting the evidence from a dynamic systems perspective. Developmental Psychology, 23(6), 747–761. https://doi.org/:10.1037/0012-1649.23.6.747
Forbes, E. E., Cohn, J. F., Allen, N. B., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2004). Infant affect during parent—infant interaction at 3 and 6 months: Differences between mothers and fathers and influence of parent history of depression. Infancy, 5(1), 61-84. https://doi.org/:10.1207/s15327078in0501_3. Freedman, D. G. (1974). Human infancy: An evolutionary perspective. Erbaum.
Freedman, D. G., & Freedman, M. (1969). Behavioral differences between Chinese-American and American newborns. Nature, 224, Yin.
Freeseman, L. J., Colombo, J., & Coldren, J. T. (1993). Individual differences in infant visual attention: Four‐month‐olds’ discrimination and generalization of global and local stimulus properties. Child Development, 64(4), 1191-1203. https://doi.org/:10.2307/1131334. Frick, M. A., Forslund, T., Fransson, M., Johansson, M., Bohlin, G., & Brocki, K. C. (2018). The
role of sustained attention, maternal sensitivity, and infant temperament in the development of early self‐regulation. British Journal of Psychology, 109(2), 277-298. https://doi.org/:10.1111/ bjop.12266.
Friedman, N. P., Miyake, A., Robinson, J. L., & Hewitt, J. K. (2011). Developmental trajectories in toddlers’ self-restraint predict individual differences in executive functions 14 years later: A behavioral genetic analysis. Developmental psychology, 47(5), 1410. https://doi.org/:10.1037/ a0023750.
Garon, N., Bryson, S. E., & Smith, I. M. (2008). Executive function in preschoolers: A review using an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin, 134(1), 31–60. https://doi. org/:10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.31.
Garon, N., Smith, I. M., & Bryson, S. E. (2014). A novel executive function battery for preschoolers: Sensitivity to age differences. Child Neuropsychology, 20(6), 713–736. https://doi.org/:10.10 80/09297049.2013.857650.
Gianino, A., & Tronick, E. Z. (1988). The mutual regulation model: The infant’s self and interactive regulation and coping and defensive capacities. In T Field, P.McCabe & N Schneiderman (Eds), Stress and Coping Across Development (pp. 47-68). Erlbaum.
Goh, E. C. L., & Kuczynski, L. (2010). “Only children” and their coalition of parents: considering grandparents and parents as joint caregivers in urban Xiamen, China. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 13(4), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839x.2010.01314.x.
Gojman, S., Millan, S., Carlson, E., Sanchez, G., Rodarte, A., Gonzalez, P., & Hernandez, G. (2012). Intergenerational relations of attachment: A research synthesis of urban/rural Mexican samples. Attachment & Human Development, 14, 553–566. https://doi.org/:10.1080/1461 6734.2012.727255
Gueron-Sela, N., Camerota, M., Willoughby, M. T., Vernon-Feagans, L., & Cox, M. J. (2018). Maternal depressive symptoms, mother-child interactions, and children’s executive function. Developmental Psychology, 54(1), 71–82. https://doi.org/:10.1037/dev0000389.
Hackshaw, A. (2008). Small studies: strengths and limitations. European Respiratory Journal, 32(5), 1141–1143. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00136408.
Hagan, L. K., & Kuebli, J. (2007). Mothers’ and fathers’ socialization of preschoolers’ physical risk taking. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28(1), 2–14. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j. appdev.2006.10.007
Halberstadt, A. G., & Lozada, F. T. (2011). Emotion development in infancy through the lens of culture. Emotion Review, 3(2), 158-168. https://doi.org/:10.1177/1754073910387946. Hallers-Haalboom, E. T., Mesman, J., Groeneveld, M. G., Endendijk, J. J., van Berkel, S. R., van der
Pol, L. D., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2014). Mothers, fathers, sons and daughters: Parental sensitivity in families with two children. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(2), 138. https://doi.org/:10.1037/a0036004.
Hammond, S. I., Müller, U., Carpendale, J. I., Bibok, M. B., & Liebermann-Finestone, D. P. (2012). The effects of parental scaffolding on preschoolers’ executive function. Developmental Psychology, 48(1), 271. https://doi.org/:10.1037/a0025519.
Hays, A. F. (2018). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regession Approach. The Guilford Press.
Hendry, A., Jones, E. J. H., & Charman, T. (2016). Executive function in the first three years of life: Precursors, predictors and patterns. Developmental Review, 42, 1–33. https://doi. org/:10.1016/j.dr.2016.06.005.
Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). Beyond WEIRD: Towards a broad-based behavioral science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2-3), 111–135. https://doi. org/:10.1017/s0140525x10000725
Hernández, F. D., & Carter, A. S. (1996). Infant response to mothers and fathers in the still-face paradigm. Infant Behavior and Development, 19, 502. https://doi.org/:10.1016/s0163-6383(96)90556-1.
Ho, D. Y. (1987). Fatherhood in Chinese culture. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The father’s role: Cross-cultural perspective (pp. 227–245). Erlbaum.
Ho, D. Y., & Kang, T. K. (1984). Intergenerational comparisons of child-rearing attitudes and practices in Hong Kong. Developmental Psychology, 20(6), 1004–1016. https://doi. org/:10.1037/0012-1649.20.6.1004.
Hofer, M. (1994). Hidden regulators in attachment, separation, and loss. In N. A. Fox (Ed.), Emotion regulation: Behavioral and biological considerations: Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(240), 192–207.
Hoffmann, H., Kessler, H., Eppel, T., Rukavina, S., & Traue, H. C. (2010). Expression intensity, gender and facial emotion recognition: Women recognize only subtle facial emotions better than man. Acta Psychologica, 135(3), 278–283. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.07.012. Howes, C., & Hong, S. S. (2008). Early emotional availability: predictive of pre-kindergarten
relationships among Mexican-heritage children? Journal of Early Childhood and Infant Psychology, 4, 4-26.
Hsu, H. C., & Jeng, S. F. (2008). Two-month-olds’ attention and affective response to maternal still face: A comparison between term and preterm infants in Taiwan. Infant Behavior and Development, 31(2), 194-206. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.infbeh.2007.10.008.
Huang, C. Y., Cheah, C. S., Lamb, M. E., & Zhou, N. (2017). Associations between parenting styles and perceived child effortful control within Chinese families in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Taiwan. Journal of cross-cultural psychology, 48(6), 795-812. https:// doi.org/:10.1177/0022022117706108.
Hughes, C., & Devine, R. T. (2019). For Better or for Worse? Positive and Negative Parental Influences on Young Children’s Executive Function. Child development, 90(2), 593-609. https://doi. org/:10.1111/cdev.12915.
Hughes, C., & Ensor, R. (2005). Executive function and theory of mind in 2 year olds: A family affair? Developmental Neuropsychology, 28(2), 645-668. https://doi.org/:10.1207/ s15326942dn2802_5.
Hughes, C., & Ensor, R. (2005). Executive function and theory of mind in 2 year olds: A family affair? Developmental Neuropsychology, 28(2), 645-668. https://doi.org/:10.1207/ s15326942dn2802_5.
Hughes, C., & Ensor, R. (2007). Positive and protective: effects of early theory of mind on problem behaviors in at-risk preschoolers. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(10), 1025– 1032. https://doi.org/:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01806.x
Hughes, C., & Ensor, R. (2011). Individual differences in growth in executive function across the transition to school predict externalizing and internalizing behaviors and self-perceived academic success at 6 years of age. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108(3), 663-676. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.jecp.2010.06.005.
Huizinga, M., Dolan, C. V., & Van der Molen, M. W. (2006). Age-related change in executive function: Developmental trends and a latent variable analysis. Neuropsychologia, 44, 2017– 2036. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.01.010
Hutchison, L., Feder, M., Abar, B., & Winsler, A. (2016). Relations between Parenting Stress, Parenting Style, and Child Executive Functioning for Children with ADHD or Autism. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(12), 3644–3656. https://doi.org/:10.1007/s10826-016-0518-2.
Jingxiong, J., Rosenqvist, U., Huishan, W., Greiner, T., Guangli, L., & Sarkadi, A. (2007). Influence of grandparents on eating behaviors of young children in Chinese three-generation families. Appetite, 48(3), 377–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2006.10.004.
Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2012). Promoting positive parenting: An attachment-based intervention. In Promoting Positive Parenting: An Attachment-Based Intervention. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203809624
Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J., & Van IJzendoorn, M.H. (2015). Manual Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) (version 3.0). Leiden, the Netherlands: Leiden University, Centre for Child and Family Studies.
Kagan, J., Arcus, D., Snidman, N., Feng, W., Hendler, J., & Greene, S. (1994). Reactivity in Infants: A Cross-National Comparison. Developmental Psychology, 30(3), 342-345. https://doi. org/:10.1037/0012-1649.30.3.342.
Kavšek, M. (2004). Predicting later IQ from infant visual habituation and dishabituation: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25(3), 369–393. https://doi. org/:10.1016/j.appdev.2004.04.006.
Keller, H. (2013). Attachment and culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44, 175–194. https://doi.org/:10.1177/0022022112472253
Keller, H. (2015). Introduction: Understanding relationships—What we would need to know to conceptualize attachment as the cultural solution of a universal developmental task. In H. Otto & H. Keller (Eds.), Different faces of attachment (pp. 1–24). Cambridge University Press.
Kim, H. S., Sherman, D. K., Mojaverian, T., Sasaki, J. Y., Park, J., Suh, E. M., & Taylor, S. E. (2011). Gene–culture interaction: Oxytocin receptor polymorphism (OXTR) and emotion regulation. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(6), 665-672. https://doi.
Kisilevsky, B. S., Hains, S. M., Lee, K., Muir, D. W., Xu, F., Fu, G., ... & Yang, R. L. (1998). The still-face effect in Chinese and Canadian 3-to 6-month-old infants. Developmental psychology, 34(4), 629-639. https://doi.org/:10.1037/0012-1649.34.4.629.
Kitayama, S., Mesquita, B., & Karasawa, M. (2006). Cultural affordances and emotional experience: socially engaging and disengaging emotions in Japan and the United States. Journal of personality and social psychology, 91(5), 890. https://doi.org/:10.1037/0022-3514.91.5.890. Ko, P.-C., & Hank, K. (2013). Grandparents caring for grandchildren in China and Korea: findings
from CHARLS and KLoSA. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 69(4), 646–651. https://doi.org/:10.1093/geronb/gbt129.
Kopp, C. (1982). Antecedents of self-regulation: A developmental perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18, 199–214. https://doi.org/:10.1037/0012-1649.18.2.199
Kopp, C. (1989). Regulation of distress and negative emotions: A developmental view. Developmental Psychology, 25, 243–254. https://doi.org/:10.1037/0012-1649.25.3.343
Kuchner, J. F. (1989). Chinese-American and European-American Mothers and Infants: Cultural Influences in the First Three Months of Life.
Lamb, M. E. (1997). The development of father–infant relationships.
Lamb, M. E., Pleck, J. H., Charnov, E. L., & Levine, J. A. (2017). A Biosocial Perspective on Paternal Behavior and Involvement. Parenting Across the Life Span, 111–142. https://doi. org/:10.4324/9781315126005-7.
Lamb, M.E. (1977). Father–infant and mother–infant interaction in the first year of life. Child Development, 48, 167–181. https://doi.org/10.2307/1128896
Lehto, J. E., Juuja¨rvi, P., Kooistra, L., & Pulkkinen, L. (2003). Dimensions of executive functioning: Evidence from children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 21, 59–80. https://doi. org/:10.1348/026151003321164627.
Lewis, C. (1997). Fathers and preschoolers. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (pp. 121-142). John Wiley.
Li, Q., Liang, F., Liang, W., Zhang, J., Niu, M., & Han, Y. (2017). The influence of different caregivers on infant growth and development in China. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 5. https://doi. org/:10.3389/fped.2017.00243.
Li, X., & Lamb, M. E. (2013). Fathers in Chinese culture. Fathers in cultural context, 15-41. Lim, S.-L., & Lim, B. K. (2012). Parenting style and child outcomes in Chinese and Immigrant
Chinese families– current findings and cross-cultural considerations in conceptualization and research. Parent-Youth Relations, 21–42. https://doi.org/:10.4324/9780203725733-3
Little, R. J. A. (1988). A Test of Missing Completely at Random for Multivariate Data with Missing Values. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 83(404), 1198–1202. https://doi.org /:10.1080/01621459.1988.10478722.
Liu, M., & Guo, F. (2010). Parenting practices and their relevance to child behaviors in Canada and China. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51(2), 109–114. https://doi.org/:10.1111/ j.1467-9450.2009.00795.x.
Livesey, D., Keen, J., Rouse, J., & White, F. (2006). The relationship between measures of executive function, motor performance and externalising behaviour in 5- and 6-year-old children. Human Movement Science, 25(1), 50–64. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.humov.2005.10.008. Lowe, J. R., Coulombe, P., Moss, N. C., Rieger, R. E., Aragón, C., MacLean, P. C., ... & Handal,
A. J. (2016). Maternal touch and infant affect in the Still Face Paradigm: A cross-cultural examination. Infant Behavior and Development, 44, 110-120. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j. infbeh.2016.06.009.
Lowe, J. R., MacLean, P. C., Duncan, A. F., Aragón, C., Schrader, R. M., Caprihan, A., & Phillips, J. P. (2012). Association of maternal interaction with emotional regulation in 4-and 9-month infants during the Still Face Paradigm. Infant Behavior and Development, 35(2), 295-302. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.infbeh.2011.12.002.
Lu, H. J., & Chang, L. (2013). Parenting and Socialization of Only Children in Urban China: An Example of Authoritative Parenting. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 174(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/:10.1080/00221325.2012.681325.
Lucassen, N., Kok, R., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Jaddoe, V. W., Hofman, A., ... & Tiemeier, H. (2015). Executive functions in early childhood: The role of maternal and paternal parenting practices. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 33(4), 489-505. https://doi.org/:10.1111/bjdp.12112.
Luo, R., Emmers, D., Warrinnier, N., Rozelle, S., & Sylvia, S. (2019). Using community health workers to deliver a scalable integrated parenting program in rural China: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Social Science & Medicine, 239, 112545. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j. socscimed.2019.112545
Luo, R., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., & Song, L. (2013). Chinese parents’ goals and practices in early childhood. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 28(4), 843–857. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j. ecresq.2013.08.001.
Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. In I. Bretherton & E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points of attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50 (1–2), 66–104 (Serial No. 209).
Malmberg, L. E., Lewis, S., West, A., Murray, E., Sylva, K., & Stein, A. (2016). The influence of mothers’ and fathers’ sensitivity in the first year of life on children’s cognitive outcomes at 18 and 36 months. Child: Care, Health and Development, 42(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/:10.1111/ cch.12294.
Martins, E. C., Soares, I., Martins, C., & Osório, A. (2015). Infants’ Style of Emotion Regulation with Their Mothers and Fathers: Concordance between Parents and the Contribution of Father-Infant Interaction Quality. Social Development, 25(4), 812–827. https://doi.org/:10.1111/ sode.12171
McHale, J. P. (1995). Coparenting and triadic interactions during infancy: The roles of marital distress and child gender. Developmental Psychology, 31(6), 985–996. https://doi.org/:10.1037/0012-1649.31.6.985
McHale, J. P., Kuersten-Hogan, R., Lauretti, A., & Rasmussen, J. L. (2000). Parental reports of coparenting and observed coparenting behavior during the toddler period. Journal of Family Psychology, 14(2), 220–236. https://doi.org/:10.1037/0893-3200.14.2.220
McLoyd, V. C. (1990). The Impact of Economic Hardship on Black Families and Children: Psychological Distress, Parenting, and Socioemotional Development. Child Development, 61(2), 311. https://doi.org/:10.2307/1131096.
Mesman, J., & Emmen, R. A. G. (2013). Mary Ainsworth’s legacy: a systematic review of observational instruments measuring parental sensitivity. Attachment & Human Development, 15(5-6), 485–506. https://doi.org/:10.1080/14616734.2013.820900.
Mesman, J., Linting, M., Joosen, K. J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2013). Robust patterns and individual variations: Stability and predictors of infant behavior in the still-face paradigm. Infant Behavior and Development, 36(4), 587-598. https://doi. org/:10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.06.004.
Mesman, J., Minter, T., Angnged, A., Cissé, I. A. H., Salali, G. D., & Migliano, A. B. (2017). Universality Without Uniformity: A Culturally Inclusive Approach to Sensitive Responsiveness in Infant Caregiving. Child Development, 89(3), 837–850. https://doi.org/:10.1111/ cdev.12795
Mesman, J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2009). The many faces of the Still-Face Paradigm: A review and meta-analysis. Developmental Review, 29(2), 120-162. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.dr.2009.02.001.
Mesman, J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J. (2012). Unequal in opportunity, equal in process: Parental sensitivity promotes positive child development in ethnic minority families. Child Development Perspectives, 6(3), 239-250. https://doi.org/:10.1111/ j.1750-8606.2011.00223.x.
Metcalfe, J., & Mischel, W. (1999). A hot/cool system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower. Psychological Review, 106, 3–19. https://doi.org/:10.1037/0033-295x.106.1.3 Meuwissen, A. S., & Carlson, S. M. (2015). Fathers matter: The role of father parenting in
preschoolers’ executive function development. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 140, 1–15. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.jecp.2015.06.010.
Miller, S. E., & Marcovitch, S. (2015). Examining executive function in the second year of life: Coherence, stability, and relations to joint attention and language. Developmental Psychology, 51(1), 101–114. https://doi.org/:10.1037/a0038359.
Mills-Koonce, W. R., Willoughby, M. T., Zvara, B., Barnett, M., Gustafsson, H., Cox, M. J., & Family Life Project Key Investigators. (2015). Mothers’ and fathers’ sensitivity and children’s cognitive development in low-income, rural families. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 38, 1-10. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.appdev.2015.01.001.
Mischel, W., & Ayduk, O. (2002). Self-regulation in a cognitive--affective personality system: attentional control in the service of the self. Self and Identity, 1(2), 113–120. https://doi. org/:10.1080/152988602317319285
Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102, 246–268. https://doi.org/:10.1037/0033-295x.102.2.246
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The Unity and Diversity of Executive Functions and Their Contributions to Complex “Frontal Lobe” Tasks: A Latent Variable Analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49–100. https://doi. org/:10.1006/cogp.1999.0734.
Mjelde-Mossey, L. A. (2007). Cultural and Demographic Changes and Their Effects Upon the Traditional Grandparent Role for Chinese Elders. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 16(3), 107–120. https://doi.org/:10.1300/10911350802107785.
Monserud, M. A., & Elder Jr, G. H. (2011). Household structure and children’s educational attainment: A perspective on coresidence with grandparents. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73(5), 981-1000. https://doi.org/:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00858.x.
Moore, G. A., & Calkins, S. D. (2004). Infants’ vagal regulation in the still-face paradigm is related to dyadic coordination of mother-infant interaction. Developmental Psychology, 40(6), 1068. https://doi.org/:10.1037/0012-1649.40.6.1068.
Moore, G. A., Cohn, J. F., & Campbell, S. B. (2001). Infant affective responses to mother’s still face at 6 months differentially predict externalizing and internalizing behaviors at 18 months. Developmental Psychology, 37(5), 706. https://doi.org/:10.1037//0012-1649.37.5.706.
Mori, E., Liu, C., Otsuki, E., Mochizuki, Y., & Kashiwabara, E. (2012). Comparing child-care values in Japan and China among parents with infants. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 18, 18–27. https://doi.org/:10.1111/j.1440-172x.2012.02025.x.
Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Myers, S. S., & Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social development, 16(2), 361-388. https://doi.org/:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00389.x.
Müller, U., Jacques, S., Brocki, K., & Zelazo, P. D. (2009). The executive functions of language in preschool children. In A. Winsler, C. Fernyhough, & I. Montero (Eds.), Private speech, executive functioning, and the development of verbal self-regulation (pp. 53–68). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/:10.1017/CBO9780511581533.005
Muthèn, L. K., & Muthèn, B. (2017). Muplus: Statistical analysis wit hlatent variables. User’s guide (8th ed.). Author.
National Bureau of Statistics of China (2001, September 4th). Report on major results of the second wave survey on the social status of women in China. Retrieved June 24, 2020 from http:// www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/qttjgb/qgqttjgb/200203/t20020331_30606.html
National Bureau of Statistics of China (2011, October 21th). Report on major results of the third wave survey on the social status of women in China. Retrieved June 24, 2020 from http:// www.china.com.cn/zhibo/zhuanti/ch-xinwen/2011-10/21/content_23687810.htm
Ng, F. F.-Y., Pomerantz, E. M., & Deng, C. (2013). Why Are Chinese Mothers More Controlling Than American Mothers? “My Child Is My Report Card.” Child Development, 85(1), 355– 369. https://doi.org/:10.1111/cdev.12102.
Otto, H. (2015). Don’t show your emotions! Emotion regulation and attachment in the Cameroonian Nso. In H. Otto & H. Keller (Eds.), Different faces of attachment (pp. 215–229). Cambridge University Press.
Park, S. H., & Luo, Y. (2001). Guanxi and organizational dynamics: organizational networking in Chinese firms. Strategic Management Journal, 22(5), 455–477. https://doi.org/:10.1002/ smj.167.
Patterson, G. R. (1982). Coercive family processes. In Eugene: Castalia.
Patterson, G. R. (2005). ‘The next generation of PMTO models’, Behavior Therapist, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 25–32.
Posada, G., Jacobs, A., Richmond, M., Carbonell, O. A., Alzate, G., Bustamante, M. R., et al. (2002). Maternal caregiving and infant security in two cultures. Developmental Psychology, 38, 67–78. https://doi.org/:10.1037/0012-1649.38. 1.67
Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (1998). Attention, self-regulation and consciousness. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 353, 1915–1927. https://doi.org/10.1098/ rstb.1998.0344.
Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (2007). Research on attention networks as a model for the integration of psychological science. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 1–23. https://doi.org/:10.1146/ annurev.psych.58.110405.085516
Rothbart, M. K. (1981). Measurement of temperament in infancy. Child Development, 52, 569– 578. https://doi.org/:10.2307/1129176
Rothbart, M. K. (1986). Longitudinal observation of infant temperament. Developmental Psychology, 22, 356–365. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.22.3.356
Rubin, D. B. (1987). Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. New York: Wiley
Rueda, M. R., Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Halparin, J. D., Gruber, D. B., Lercari, L. P., & Posner, M. I. (2004). Development of attentional networks in childhood. Neuropsychologia, 42(8), 1029–1040. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.12.012
Rueda, M. R., Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (2004). Attentional control and self-regulation. Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications, 2, 284-299.
Sabbagh, M. A., Xu, F., Carlson, S. M., Moses, L. J., & Lee, K. (2006). The Development of Executive Functioning and Theory of Mind. A Comparison of Chinese and U.S. Preschoolers. Psychological Science, 17(1), 74–81. https://doi.org/:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01667. Sanders, M. R., & Mazzucchelli, T. G. (2013). The promotion of self-regulation through parenting
interventions. Clinical child and family psychology review, 16(1), 1-17. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10567-013-0129-z.
Sanders, M. R., Markie-Dadds, C., & Turner, K. M. T. (1999). Practitioner’s manual for Enhanced Triple P. Families International.
Sanders, M. R., Markie-Dadds, C., Tully, L., & Bor, W. (2000). The Triple P-Positive Parenting Program: A comparison of enhanced, standard, and self directed behavioural family intervention for parents of children with early conduct problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 624-640. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.68.4.624
Schore, A.N. (1994). Affect regulation and the origin of the self: the neurobiology of emotional development. Erlbaum.
Schore, A.N. (1996). The experience-dependent maturation of a regulatory system in the orbital prefrontal cortex and the origin of developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 59–87. https://doi.org/:10.1017/s0954579400006970
Senn, T. E., Espy, K. A., & Kaufmann, P. M. (2004). Using path analysis to understand executive function organization in preschool children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 26, 445–464. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203764428-5
Shenzhen Statistics Bureau, 2018. Retrieved June 24, 2020 http://tjj.sz.gov.cn/zwgk/zfxxgkml/tjsj/ tjnj/201812/
Shum, M. H. Y., Lou, V. W. Q., He, K. Z. J., Chen, C. C. H., & Wang, J. (2015). The “Leap Forward” in Nursing Home Development in Urban China: Future Policy Directions. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 16(9), 784–789. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j. jamda.2015.04.010.
Singh-Manoux, A., Adler, N. E., & Marmot, M. G. (2003). Subjective social status: its determinants and its association with measures of ill-health in the Whitehall II study. Social science & medicine, 56(6), 1321-1333. https://doi.org/:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00131-4.
Singh-Manoux, A., Marmot, M. G., & Adler, N. E. (2005). Does subjective social status predict health and change in health status better than objective status? Psychosomatic Medicine, 67(6), 855-861.
Sociaal Cultureel Planbureau (2011). Gezinsrapport 2011 (SCP publication No. 2011–7). Retrieved May 20, 2020 from http://www.scp.nl/dsres ource ?objec tid28 448&type=org
Statistics Netherlands (CBS), 2018. Inkomen van huishoudens - Welvaart in Nederland. Retrieved November 24, 2020, from https://longreads.cbs.nl/welvaartinnederland-2019/inkomen-van-huishoudens/
Steinberg, L., Dornbusch, S. M., & Brown, B. B. (1992). Ethnic differences in adolescent achievement: An ecological perspective. American Psychologist, 47(6), 723–729. https://doi. org/:10.1037/0003-066x.47.6.723.
Stem, D. N. (1985). The interpersonal world of the infant: A view from psychoanalysis and developmental psychology. Basic Books.
Stewart, S. M., Bond, M. H., Kennard, B. D., Ho, L. M., & Zaman, R. M. (2002). Does the Chinese construct of guan export to the West? International Journal of Psychology, 37(2), 74–82. https://doi.org/:10.1080/00207590143000162.
Striano, T., & Liszkowski, U. (2005). Sensitivity to the context of facial expression in the still face at 3-, 6-, and 9-months of age. Infant Behavior and Development, 28(1), 10–19. https://doi. org/:10.1016/j.infbeh.2004.06.004.
Sulik, M. J., Haft, S. L., & Obradović, J. (2018). Visual-Motor Integration, Executive Functions, and Academic Achievement: Concurrent and Longitudinal Relations in Late Elementary School. Early Education and Development, 29(7), 956–970. https://doi.org/:10.1080/104 09289.2018.1442097.
Sun, J., & Wang, X. (2010). Value differences between generations in China: a study in Shanghai. Journal of Youth Studies, 13(1), 65–81. https://doi.org/:10.1080/13676260903173462. Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Shannon, J. D., Cabrera, N. J., & Lamb, M. E. (2004). Fathers
and Mothers at Play With Their 2- and 3-Year-Olds: Contributions to Language and Cognitive Development. Child Development, 75(6), 1806–1820. https://doi.org/:10.1111 /j.1467-8624.2004.00818.
Tarabulsy, G. M., Provost, M. A., Deslandes, J., St-Laurent, D., Moss, E., Lemelin, J. P., ... & Dassylva, J. F. (2003). Individual differences in infant still-face response at 6 months. Infant behavior and development, 26(3), 421-438. https://doi.org/:10.1016/s0163-6383(03)00039-0. Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (2013). Practitioner review: Do performance‐based
measures and ratings of executive function assess the same construct? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(2), 131-143.
Towe-Goodman, N. R., Willoughby, M., Blair, C., Gustafsson, H. C., Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Cox, M. J. (2014). Fathers’ sensitive parenting and the development of early executive functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 867–876. https://doi.org/:10.1037/a0038128.
Trevarthen, C. (1998). The concept and foundations of infant intersubjectivity. In S. Bra˚Eten (Ed.), Intersubjective communication and emotion in early ontogeny (pp. 15–46). Cambridge University Press.
Trevarthen, C. (1999). Intersubjectivity. In R. Wilson & F. Keil (Eds.), The MIT encyclopedia of cognitive sciences (pp. 413–416). MIT Press.
Tronick, E. (2005). Why is connection with others so critical? The formation of dyadic states of consciousness and the expansion of individuals’ states of consciousness: coherence governed selection and the co-creation of meaning out of messy meaning making. In J. Nadel & D. Muir (Eds.), Emotional development: Recent research advances (pp. 293-315). Oxford University Press.
Tronick, E.Z., Als, H., Adamson, L., Wise, S., & Brazelton, T. B. (1978). The infant’s response to entrapment between contradictory messages in face-to-face interaction. Journal of the American Academy of Child psychiatry, 17(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)62273-1.
Tronick, E.Z., Brushweller-Stern, N., Harrison, A. M., Lyons-Ruth, K., Morgan, A. C., Nahum, J. P., et al (1998). Dyadically expanded states of consciousness and the process of therapeutic change. Infant Mental Health Journal, 19(3), 290–299.https://doi.org/:10.1002/(sici)1097-0355(199823)19:3<290::aid-imhj4>3.0.co;2-q.
Tsai, J. L., Knutson, B., & Fung, H. H. (2006). Cultural variation in affect valuation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 90(2), 288. https://doi.org/:10.1037/e633912013-121.
Tsui, M., Huang, H. & He, Q. (1996). The decision making power of elderly women and men in the Chinese urban family. Asian Thought and Society, 21, 127-146.
Ursache, A., Noble, K. G., & Blair, C. (2015). Socioeconomic status, subjective social status, and perceived stress: Associations with stress physiology and executive functioning. Behavioral Medicine, 41(3), 145-154.
Valcan, D. S., Davis, H., & Pino-Pasternak, D. (2018). Parental behaviours predicting early childhood executive functions: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychological Review, 30:607– 649.
Van Buuren, S., Brand, J. P. L., Groothuis-Oudshoorn, C. G. M., & Rubin, D. B. (2006). Fully conditional specification in multivariate imputation. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 76(12), 1049–1064. https://doi.org/10.1080/10629360600810434.
Van Ginkel, J. R. (2014). SPSS syntax for applying rules for combining multivariate estimates in multiple imputation. Leiden University.
Volling, B. L., McElwain, N. L., Notaro, P. C., & Herrera, C. (2002). Parents’ emotional availability and infant emotional competence: Predictors of parent-infant attachment and emerging self-regulation. Journal of Family Psychology, 16(4), 447. https://doi.org/:10.1037//0893-3200.16.4.447.
Wang, J. & Mao, S. (1996) Culture and the kindergarten curriculum in the People’s Republic of China. Early Child Development and Care, 123, 143-156. https://doi. org/10.1080/0300443961230110.
Wang, L., Emmen, R. A. G., & Mesman, J. (2019). Beliefs about sensitive parenting among Chinese cross-generational caregivers: the mediating role of education. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 90(4), 385–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415019836103. Wang, Z., Devine, R. T., Wong, K. K., & Hughes, C. (2016). Theory of mind and executive function
during middle childhood across cultures. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 149, 6–22. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.jecp.2015.09.028.
Wang, J., Zhou, Y., & Liu, S. (2017). China labor-force dynamics survey: design and practice. Chinese Sociological Dialogue, 2(3-4), 83-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/2397200917735796. Way, N., Okazaki, S., Zhao, J., Kim, J. J., Chen, X., Yoshikawa, H., … Deng, H. (2013). Social and emotional parenting: Mothering in a changing Chinese society. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 4(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/:10.1037/a0031204.
Webster-Stratton, C., & Hammond, M. (1997). Treating children with early-onset conduct problems: A comparison of child and parent training interventions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 93–109. https://doi.org/:10.1037/0022-006x.65.1.93
Weinberg, M.K., & Tronick, E.Z. (1994). Beyond the face: An empirical study of infant affective configurations of facial, vocal, gestural and regulatory behaviors. Child Development, 65, 1503–1515. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131514
Weinberg, M. K., & Tronick, E. Z. (1997). Depressed mothers and infants: Failure to form dyadic states of consciousness. In L. Murray & P. J. Cooper (Eds.), Postpartum depression and child development (pp. 54-81). Guilford Press.
Weinberg, M. K., Olson, K. L., Beeghly, M., & Tronick, E. Z. (2006). Making up is hard to do, especially for mothers with high levels of depressive symptoms and their infant sons. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(7), 670-683. https://doi.org/:10.1111 /j.1469-7610.2005.01545.
Weisner, T. S. (2015). The socialization of trust: Plural caregiving and diverse pathways in human development across cultures. In H. Otto & H. Keller (Eds.), Different faces of attachment (pp. 263–277). Cambridge University Press.
Welsh, M. C., & Pennington, B. F. (1988). Assessing frontal lobe functioning in children: Views from developmental psychology. Developmental Neuropsychology, 4, 199–230. https://doi. org/10.1080/87565648809540405.
Willams, L., Mehta, K. & Lin, H. (1999). Intergenerational influence in Singapore and Taiwan: The role of the elderly in family decisions. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 14, 291-322. World Bank (2018a). Labor force participation rate, female-China. Retrieved June 24, 2020 from
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS?locations=CN
World Bank (2018b). School enrollment, tertiary (% gross) – China. Retrieved June 24, 2020 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.TER.ENRR?locations=CN.
World bank (2019). Population, total- China. Retrieved June 24, 2020 from https://data.worldbank. org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=CN
World bank (2020). Labor force participation rate – female. Retrieved June 24, 2020 from https:// data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS?locations=CN-4E&name_desc=false Worobey, J., Islas Lopez, M., & Hoffman, D. J. (2009). Maternal Behavior and Infant Weight Gain
in the First Year. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 41(3), 169–175. https://doi. org/:10.1016/j.jneb.2008.06.005.
Wu, P., Robinson, C. C., Yang, C., Hart, C. H., Olsen, S. F., Porter, C. L., … Wu, X. (2002). Similarities and differences in mothers’ parenting of preschoolers in China and the United States. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26(6), 481–491. https://doi. org/:10.1080/01650250143000436.
Xing, S., Zhou, Q., Archer, M., Yue, J., & Wang, Z. (2016). Infant temperamental reactivity, maternal and grandparental sensitivity: Differential susceptibility for behavior problems in China. Early Human Development, 101, 99–105. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.08.014. Yato, Y., Kawai, M., Negayama, K., Sogon, S., Tomiwa, K., & Yamamoto, H. (2008). Infant responses
to maternal still-face at 4 and 9 months. Infant behavior and development, 31(4), 570-577. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.infbeh.2008.07.008.
Yeh, K.-H., Yi, C.-C., Tsao, W.-C., & Wan, P.-S. (2013). Filial piety in contemporary Chinese societies: A comparative study of Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China. International Sociology, 28(3), 277–296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580913484345.
Zelazo, P. D., Carlson, S. M., & Kesek, A. (2008). The development of executive function in childhood. Handbook of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. https://doi.org/:10.7551/ mitpress/7437.003.0041.
Zelazo, P. D., Carter, A., Reznick, J. S., & Frye, D. (1997). Early eevelopment of Executive Function: A problem-solving framework. Review of General Psychology, 1(2), 198–226. https://doi. org/:10.1037/1089-2680.1.2.198.
Zeng, Z., & Xie, Y. (2014). The effects of grandparents on children’s schooling: evidence from rural China. Demography, 51(2), 599–617. https://doi.org/:10.1007/s13524-013-0275-4. Zhai, F., & Gao, Q. (2009). Center-Based Care in the Context of One-Child Policy in China: Do
Child Gender and Siblings Matter? Population Research and Policy Review, 29(5), 745–774. https://doi.org/:10.1007/s11113-009-9171-4.
Zhang, Z. (2017). Division of Housework in Transitional Urban China. Chinese Sociological Review, 49(3), 263-291. https://doi.org/:10.1080/21620555.2017.1295809.
Zhong, J., Luo, R., Sylvia, S., Dill, S. E., Medina, A., & Rozelle, S. (2020). Passive versus active service delivery: comparing the effects of two parenting interventions on early cognitive development in rural China.
Zhu, J., & Zhang, J. (2008). Contemporary trends and developments in early childhood education in China. Early Years, 28(2), 173–182. https://doi.org/:10.1080/09575140802163584.
