Type of organization

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I m p r o v i n g B u r k i n a F a s o ’ s m a n g o s u p p l y c h a i n A p p e n d i c e s

Appendices

Appendix A: List of interviewed persons

THE NETHERLANDS Name

organization

Type of organization

Interviewed person

Function Place

Agrofair Importer Gert Jan

Lieffering

Account manager Barendrecht

Bakker Barendrecht

Importer Cor Overveen Account manager Barendrecht

The Greenery Importer Arjen Kaashoek Account manager Barendrecht

BURKINA FASO Name organization Type of organization Interviewed

person

Function Place

BAME (Chambre of Commerce)

Division of Chambre of Commerce to help micro enterprises

Korotimi Traoré

Consultant Bobo

FasoNorm Division of ONAC to make norms and standards

Bernard Ouaba Coordinator

agricultural products

Ouaga

Exporter Joachim Koné Owner Bobo

Barro & Cie Exporter Fousseni Barro Owner Bobo

Bolly Export Exporter Mr, Bolly Owner Ouaga

Burkinature Exporter Claude Bovey Owner Ouaga

Fruiteq Exporter Adama Zongo Mango

expert/consultant

Bobo

Fruiteq Exporter Hans-Willem

van der Waal

General manager Bobo

Gebana Afrique Exporter David Heubi General manager Ouaga

Mister Mango Exporter Matthias Gauss Owner Ouaga

Promexport Exporter Faho Owner Ouaga

Ranch du Koba Exporter Robert Gournay Manager Bobo

(2)

Sanlee Export Exporter Yaya Koné Owner Banfora

Sobfel Exporter Sidiki Sanogo General manager Ouaga

Sobfel Exporter Yacouba Diallo Technical manager Ouaga

UCOBAM Exporter Yassia

Ouedraogo

General manager Ouaga

Gigi Semen Groupement producers Nana President Koloko

Gigi Semen Groupement

producteurs

Fousseni Sanogo

Commercial manager

Koloko

ONAC Office for stimulation of the export

Justin Bayili President Ouaga

ONAC Office for stimulation of the export

Dibril Boundi Responsible fruit supply chain

Ouaga

APEFELB Organization Exporters Faho and Bolly President and Vice president

Ouaga

OTRAF Organization of

tranporters

Zerbo President Bobo

OTRAF Organization of

transporters

Nouh Tamboura

General secretary Ouaga

Terminal Fruitier Packinghouse Mdm. Salamata Ouedraogo

Bobo

Pisteur Salifou

Soulama

Owner Ouaga

Oscar Traoré Pisteur Oscar Traoré Pisteur Banfora

Coleacp Program to help

exporters with

Mdm Eudouxi Somé

Secretary Ouaga

PDSP Program to help private

undertakers (by Danish government)

Fatoumata Ide Consultant Ouaga

Project d’Appui aux filières agro-silivo pastoral

Project to help agriculture in Burkina

Amadou Sawadogo

Coordinator Ouaga

ADOP Project to help private undertakers

Marou Sawadogo

Coordinator Ouaga

Unversity of Ouagadougou

Researcher Rodolph

Djuigemdé

Mango expert Ouaga

(3)

SDV Transiteur Honoré

Simporé

General manager Ouaga

SDV Transiteur Albert Leopold

Koanda

Manager airfreight Ouaga

SNTB Transiteur Sanou Manager Bobo

SNTB Transiteur Yaya Baro Manager logistical

service

Bobo

SNTB Transiteur Huge Haubois General manager Ouaga

Sodifa Transporter Charles

Kambou

Responsable Transport Services

Bobo

UFMB Union Claude Ariste Coordinator Bobo

UFMB Union Dibi Sanou Trainer of pisteurs/

chef packinghouse

Bobo

UFMB/ Copake Union/ Cooperative producteurs

Paul Ouedroago President/

Coordinator

Bobo/

Oradara

MALI Name

organization

Type of organization

Interviewed person

Function Place

Duch Embassy Embassy Jaap van der Velden

Secretary rural development

Bamako

AOM Exporter Mister Foufana Commercial

director

Sikasso

Ernest Richard Exporter Ernest Richard Exporter Bamako

Ets Yaffa et Freres

Exporter Bakary Yaffa Owner Bamako

Fruitiere de Lotio Exporter Boukary Ba General manager Sikasso Mali Primeurs Exporter Modibo Coulibaly Manager

packinghouse

Bamako

Tropical

Expressions Mali (TEM)

Exporter Dodo Manager

packinghouse

Sikasso

Tropical

Expressions Mali (TEM)

Exporter Adams General manager Sikasso

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GIE TEM GIE Dosso Coordinator Sikasso

Helvetas NGO Modibo Traoré Consultant

(mango specialist)

Bamako

Trade Mali NGO Louise

Deslauriers

Coordinator Bamako

AMELEF Organization of exporters

Bakary Yaffa President Bamako

APROFA Organization of exporters

Bakary Kontao President Bamako

APOAS Organization of

pisteurs

Several pisteurs Pisteur Sikasso

Transrail Railway Bilaly Sanogo Bamako

Maersk Shipping

company + transiteur

Glenn MacArtney General Manager Bamako

SDV Transiteur Mohammed

Abdoulaye Diop

General manager exploitation

Bamako

GHANA Name

organization

Type of organization

Interviewed person

Function Place

Maersk Logistics Logistics provider Frank Tony Eshun

Logistics manager Tema

TIPCEE NGO Jean Michel

Voisard

Coordinator Accra

WAFF Project to enhance West Africa Fruit export

Rob Moss Director Accra

Maersk (Safmarine)

Shipping line + transiteur

Randy Jameson Regional director Ghana, Togo, Benin and Niger

Tema

Antrak Transiteur Hendry Aade

Boakye

Commercial manager

Tema

Maersk (Safmarine)

Transiteur Nicholas K.Arthur

Assistant sales manager

Tema

(5)

SDV Transiteur Philippe Fozzani General manager Tema

Super Maritime Transiteur Alexander Moen Tema

Rainbow Transport

Transporter Roger Arles Secretary Tema

(6)

Appendix B: Varieties of mangoes in Burkina and their characteristics ¹

Variety Production period in Burkina

Characteristics Storage time and conditions

Picture

Amelie End February to end of March

Exportable mango (fresh and dried)

Size: average

Weight: 250-300 grams per piece Colour: green to yellow

Taste: very tasty, sweet and sour at the same time. Without fibrous

Time: 4 weeks Conditions: at 11 degrees. Ideally with 5% O2 and 5% CO2

Kent Half March to end of June

Exportable mango (fresh) Size: Large

Weight: 600-750 grams per piece.

Colour: Yellow to red

Taste: Sweet and very little fibres

Time: 3 to 4 weeks

Conditions: 12 degrees. Ideally with 10% O2 and 5% CO2

Keitt Beginning of May to July

Exportable mango (fresh) Size: Large

Weight: 550-750 grams per piece.

Colour: Yellow to red

Taste: Sweet and very little fibres

Time: 2 to 3 weeks.

Conditions: 12- 14 degrees.

5% O2 and 5%

CO2

1

Based on: - Maziers, C., Diagnostic de la filiere mangue au Burkina Faso, 2005, p124

- Thompson, A.K., Fruit and vegetables: harvesting, handling and storage, Carlton, Australia, Blackwell publishing LtD, 2003, p265-266;

- Rey J.Y., La mangue en Afrique de l’Ouest francophone: variétés et composition variétale des vergers, Fruits, Vol.59, Issue 3, 2004 ;

- Interviews with exporters

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Brooks June and July Non-exportable in fresh condition, but suitable to be dried.

Weight 500-800 grams per piece.

Yellow skin.

Less sour than Amelie.

N/A

Lippens May to June Non-exportable, small sized mango for national market.

Weight: 200-350 grams per piece.

N/A

Springfield April to May Non-exportable. Very large mango for national market. 650 – 800 grams per piece, but

sometimes even 2000 grams.

Coulour: dark green with some red spots.

N/A

(8)

Appendix C: Sizes and weights of mangoes

Sea freight:

Number of mangoes per carton (4 kg)

Weight per mango (Grams)

14 300 – 350

12 351 – 400

10 401 – 450

9 451 – 500

8 501 – 600

7 600 – 650

6 651 – 700

5 701 – 750

Airfreight:

Number of mangoes per carton (6 kg)

Weight per mango (Grams)

14 450 – 500

12 501 – 550

10 551 – 650

9 651 – 750

8 751 - 850

(9)

Appendix D: Case studies of exporters

1. Fruiteq

Role in the supply chain: Exporter

Volume in 2005: 204 tons by vessel and 20 tons by airplane

Type of mangoes: Organic/Fair Trade. About 65% Kent, 25% Amelie, 10% Keitt Manager: J.W.H. Van der Waal

Fruiteq is an exporter that exports organic, Fair Trade mangoes. It has originated as the export organization of the producer organization UFMB. Until 2005 it had a single supplier relationship with the UFMB. Nowadays Fruiteq is owned by the Dutch importer Agrofair, but this is planned to be temporary. Until now, Agrofair has been the only customer of Fruiteq, but Fruiteq has plans to supply other customers in the future as well. Fruiteq receives a fixed price for its mangoes.

This year, Fruiteq has been subject to many changes. This was necessary because last years no profit was made. Due to internal problems, the single supplier relationship with UFMB has been abandoned.

Also Fruiteq has shifted the harvest method from working with own harvesting teams to working with pisteurs. Harvesting teams have proven to be difficult to manage and have caused many losses in the past. Although Fruiteq has started to work with pisteurs, it tries to keep a tight relation with the producers, because it can only buy certified mangoes. This is for example done by providing trainings to producers on how to maintain the orchards. Fruiteq owns a packinghouse with pre-cooling and cold storage in Bobo Dioulasso. Another exporter, Burkinature, uses this packinghouse as well.

2. Ranch du Koba

Role in the supply chain: Exporter

Volume in 2005: 220 tons by vessel and 80 tons by airplane Type of mangoes: Conventional. Almost only Kent

Manager: R. Gournay (Ranch du Koba in Ivory Coast is managed by B. Gournay)

Ranch du Koba is located in Burkina Faso and Ivory Coat. It exports already for many years from

Ivory Coast and has built up a good reputation. Three years ago, it has started to export mangoes from

Burkina Faso. The packaging is done in its own packinghouse in Bobo-Dioulasso, which also has a

pre-cooling and cold store. Ranch du Koba’s mangoes are conventional and the harvest is done by

pisteurs. The relation with the producers can be characterized as arms-length and communication goes

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only via pisteurs. No trainings are given to the farmers. Ranch du Koba sell on commission base, but has negotiated a fixed price.

3. Sobfel

Role in the supply chain: Exporter

Volume in 2005: Nothing. (Expected for 2006: 1000 tons by vessel) Type of mangoes: Conventional.

Manager: S. Sanogo

Sobfel is a mixed investment company, founded to get the fruit and vegetable sector on a higher level.

The gouvernmet has a share of 15% and the rest is owned by private investors (among others existing mango exporters). Although it was not the initial plan, Sobfel will act as exporter as well. In 2006 it expects to export 1000 tons of mangoes, using the recently constructed Terminal Fruitier in Bobo Dioulasso.

Sobfel has already found customers in Europe that are prepared to buy their mangoes. The mangoes will be conventional. Sofbel has signed a contract with UFMB for the supply of their mangoes.

Pisteurs will harvest the mangoes of producers from the UFMB and will deliver them to the Terminal Fruitier. Sofbel will sell their mangoes on a commission basis.

4. Sanlee Export

Role in the supply chain: Exporter Volume in 2005: 60 tons by airplane

Type of mangoes: Conventional and organic.

Manager: Yaya Koné

Sanlee exports only by airfreight because it lacks the equipment and infrastructure to export by vessel.

Sanlee has a packinghouse in the production zone, but this is not more than a shed. The treatment is done manually and there are no cooling facilities. The harvest is done by its own harvesting teams.

The relation with the producers is said to be long term, but no formal agreements are made. Sanlee receives a fixed price for the mangoes.

5. Bolly Export

Role in the supply chain: Exporter

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Volume in 2005: nothing, but on an average 25 tons per year by airplane Type of mangoes: Conventional.

Manager: Mr. Bolly

Bolly Export is characteristic for small exporters that export by airplane. These exporters come and go.

Last year, nothing was exported because there were no customers found to be prepared to pay a

sufficient price. On an average Bolly exports 25 tons of mangoes per year, but also exports other fruits

and vegetables. The financial position of Bolly is weak and he always have problems with finding

credit. Pisteurs are responsible for the harvest and the relation with the producers is arms-length. This

year, Bolly considers using the Terminal Fruitier and to export by vessel. The mangoes are sold on a

commission basis, but he tries to negotiate a minimum price.

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Appendix E: Costs in the supply chain ²

Margin/costs structure (in CFA per kg)

BOAT AIR

CFA Totals CFA Total

Price at the fields 95 110

Costs labour (harvesters)

Labour

25 25

Transport station

1 bâchée: 25000 CFA

÷

(45 caisses x 18 kg)

34 34

Quality risk/ profit pisteur 46 51

Total paid to pisteur: 200 / 220 CFA per kg

200 220

Treatment and packaging

Rent of warehouse 12 millions CFA ÷ 1000 T

12 12

Labour

16 16

Depreciation equipment

6 6

Packaging material Carton 4kg 300 CFA + stickers 25 CFA

81 81

Pallets 5000 CFA ÷ (240 cartons x 4kg)

5 5

120 120

(Pre)cooling and storage

Power 170.000 CFA ÷ 20.500 kg

8 0 0

Depreciation equipment

6 0 0

Maintenance

1 0 0

15 0 0

Trans

port

Transport to (air)port

105 28

(Air)port costs

15 10

Freight

85 615

205 0 653

Risk

Claim (5% of turnover)

31,5 55

Total Costs

571,5 1048

Sales

Boat:630 CFA per kg, Air: 1100 CFA per kg

630 1100

Profit 58,5 52

2

Based on interviews with producers and several exporters and based on invoice between exporters and

Terminal Fruitier: Compte Rendu de séance de travail entre la société de gestion du terminal fruiter et les

exportateurs/commercants de la mangue

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Appendix F: The Terminal Fruitier

Description

The Terminal Fruitier (TF), located in Bobo Dioulasso, is a packinghouse for fruit and vegetables. It has been constructed in 2004 by the government of Burkina Faso in cooperation with the World Bank.

In theory the Terminal Fruitier can provide its service to every exporter of fruit and vegetables, but it has been decided that the TF is completely put at the disposal of mango exporters during the mango season.

Besides a large hall for the packaging line, the TF contains two cold stores of 90 square meters each and an air conditioned reception room of 160 m2. The production line in the TF is modern, advanced and particularly fast: the capacity is 10 tons of mangoes per hour, so a container of 20 tons can be filled within two hours. The total investment for the construction and equipment adds up to 925.000 euros.

The responsibility of the TF has been given by the government to the recently founded Sobfel, but the management will be done by Leon Vincent, a large French transiteur that also manages several packinghouses in Ivory Coast.

Theoretically the Terminal Fruitier is put to the disposal of every exporter in Burkina. The costs of using it are estimated at 75 CFA per kilo, from which 45 CFA for the treatment and packing and 30 CFA for the use of the cold store. It has been estimated that in the first year 1500 tons of mangoes are packed, increasing to 4000 tons in the fifth year. This large amount is necessary to make the TF profitable

³

.

Drawbacks and problems

Although the Terminal Fruitier has recently been constructed, there are already some drawbacks and problems. The first one is the fact that the cold store can only contain two containers of 20 tons, which will limit the capacity of the TF, since the production line is able to fill these cold stores in only 4 hours. Furthermore there are no pre-cooling facilities. Pre-cooling makes sure that the temperature of the mangoes is reduces in a short time, without giving them a thermal shock. Hence the shelf life of the mangoes will be extended. The absence of a generator makes the TF very sensible for power cuts, especially due to the fact that the production line is fully powered by electricity.

3

Etude de faisabilité d’un projet d’installation d’un terminal fruitier, 2003

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Appendix G: Costs caused by transport of rejected mangoes

Transport with a larg truck and 30% rejection at packinghouse

CFA Kg

Transport

Orodara/Koloko to Bobo 350 crates à 16 kg 80000 Loss per trip

Refusal rate 30% 80.000 x 0.3 24000

Accepted mangoes (kg)

70% 350 crates à 16 kg x 0,7 3920

Additional costs per kilo mango

24.000 / 3920 6,122449

Additional Costs per container

Container á 20.500 kg 20.500 x 6,12 125510

Transport with a baché and 30% rejection at packinghouse

CFA Kg

Transport

Orodara/Koloko to Bobo 45 crates à 16 kg 25000 Loss per trip

Refusal rate 30% 25000 x 0.3 7500

Accepted mangoes (kg)

70% 45 crates à 16 kg x 0,7 504 Additional costs per kilo

mango

7500 / 504 14,88095

Additional Costs per container

Container á 20.500 kg 20.500 x 6,12 305060

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Appendix H: Transportation costs

Analysis costs transport Bobo Dioulasso - Tema - Rotterdam/Antwerp

All prices in CFA. (1 euro = 630 CFA) Prices per reefer container of 20 tons

Inland transport

Costs fo transport to Tema 800.000 Tema - Bobo Dioulasso - Tema Rent of container and truck 1.080.000 (including fees for transiteur) Transit/ Border/ custom fees and illicit taxes 150.000

Subtotal 2.030.000

Cost at the port

Handling 65.000

Subtotal 65.000

Documentation costs

Phyto sanitairy check 27.000

Subtotal 27.000

Rent of gensets

Genset 100.000 4 days x 25,000

Petrol for gensets 50.000 4 days x 25 liters per day x 500 CFA per liter

Subtotal 150.000

Total FOB costs 2.272.000

Maritime Transport 2.200.000

TOTAL COSTS TRANSPORT 4.472.000

in euro's 7.098

TOTAL COSTS TRANSPORT PER KG 224

in euros 0,35

Analysis costs transport Bobo Dioulasso - Bamako - Rotterdam/Antwerp

All prices in

CFA. (1 euro = 630 CFA)

Prices per reefer container of 20 tons

Inland transport

Transport to train station Bamako 1.000.000 Bobo Dioulasso - Bamako (including (illicit) taxes and customs)

Subtotal 1.000.000

Rail transport

Terminal Handling Charge 312.000 Bamako terminal

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Lifting container on and off the train 292.480 Lift on/off 73120 x 4 movements

Rent of container 626.000 The actual transport from Bamako to Dakar

Technician reefer 100.000

Subtotal rail transport 1.330.480

Cost at the port

Terminal Handling DKR 142.000 Dakar Export terminal

Handling 73.120 Lift on/up

Forwarding costs 150.000

Subtotal 365.120

Documentation costs

Phyto sanitairy check 27.000

Subtotal 27.000

Rent of gensets

Genset 175.000 7 days x 25,000

Petrol for gensets 87.500 7 days x 25 liters per day x 500 CFA per liter

Subtotal 262.500

Total FOB

costs 2.985.100

Maritime Transport 2.000.000 Estimate

TOTAL COSTS TRANSPORT 4.985.100

in euros 7.913

TOTAL COSTS TRANSPORT PER

KG 249

in euros 0,40

Analysis costs transport Bobo Dioulasso - Ouagadougou - Paris

All prices in CFA. (1 euro = 630 CFA)

Prices per 10 tons shipment

Transport Bobo - Ouagadougou 250.000

Rate airfreight 5250000

Taxes airfreight 1180000

Documentation 11000 Fixed amount per sending

Phytosanitary check 27000 Fixed amount per sending

Transit/ Customs 75000 Fixed amount per sending

TOTAL COSTS TRANSPORT 6.793.000

TOTAL COSTS TRANSPORT PER KG 679

in euros 1,08