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(1)VU Research Portal. How Tough Times Become Good Times Kok, A.A.L.. 2019. document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record. Link to publication in VU Research Portal. citation for published version (APA) Kok, A. A. L. (2019). How Tough Times Become Good Times: Studies on socioeconomic inequality, resilience, and successful aging.. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: vuresearchportal.ub@vu.nl. Download date: 12. Oct. 2021.

(2) Šƒ’–‡”͝ Š‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ‹ˆ‡˜‡–•ƒ†‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹  ‘•‹–‹‘‹Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ƒ††—Ž–Š‘‘†‘— ‡••ˆ—Ž ‰‹‰              . —„Ž‹•Š‡†ƒ•ǣ‘ǡǤǤǤǡƒ”–•‡ǡǤ Ǥǡ‡‡‰ǡǤ Ǥ ǤǡƬ —‹•ƒǡǤȋ͚͙͘͟ȌǤŠ‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ •‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹ ’‘•‹–‹‘ƒ†Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ƒ†ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†‘•— ‡••ˆ—Žƒ‰‹‰Ǥ Š‡ ‘—”ƒŽ‘ˆ ‡”‘–‘Ž‘‰›‡”‹‡•ǣ•› Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ ‹‡ ‡•ƒ†‘ ‹ƒŽ ‹‡ ‡•ǡ͚͟ȋ͚Ȍǡ͚͞͠Ǧ ͚͟͠ȋ’‡ ‹ƒŽ

(3) ••—‡ǣ— ‡••ˆ—Ž‰‹‰ȌǤ . Life events, socioeconomic position and successful aging | 95.

(4) „•–”ƒ – „Œ‡ –‹˜‡• —‹Ž†‹‰‘•‘ ‹ƒŽ•–”‡••–Š‡‘”›ǡ–Š‹••–—†›Šƒ•͚ƒ‹•Ǥ ‹”•–ǡ™‡ƒ‹–‘‡•–‹ƒ–‡–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ •–”‡••ˆ—Ž Ž‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–• ‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘† ƒ† ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘† ‘ — ‡••ˆ—Ž ‰‹‰ ȋȌǤ ‡ ‘†ǡ ™‡ ‡šƒ‹‡ Š‘™ —‡“—ƒŽ ‡š’‘•—”‡ –‘ •— Š Ž‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–• „‡–™‡‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ™‹–Š ƒ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– •‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹ ’‘•‹–‹‘ȋȌ ‘–”‹„—–‡•–‘•‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹ ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‹Ǥ ‡–Š‘† ‡—•‡†͙͞Ǧ›‡ƒ”Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒˆ”‘͚ǡ͙͠͝”‡•’‘†‡–•ƒ‰‡†͝͝Ȃ͠͝›‡ƒ”•‹͙͚͡͡‹–Š‡ —– Šƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ›”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ‰‹‰–—†›•–‡”†ƒǤ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–‘ˆ ™ƒ•„ƒ•‡†‘‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”™‘”ǡ‹™Š‹ Š™‡‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡†–”ƒŒ‡ –‘”‹‡•‹͡‹†‹ ƒ–‘”•‘ˆˆ— –‹‘‹‰ ‹–‘ ƒ ‹†‡š ‘ˆ Ǥ •‹‰ ’ƒ–Š ƒƒŽ›•‹•ǡ ™‡ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡† †‹”‡ – ƒ† ‹†‹”‡ – ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ’ƒ”‡–ƒŽƒ†ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦ”‡’‘”–‡† Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ƒ†ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–• ‘Ǥ ‡•—Ž–• Ž‘•–ƒŽŽ‹ Ž—†‡†Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•Šƒ†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘Ǥƒ”‡–ƒŽŠƒ†‘†‹”‡ – ‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ǡ™Š‡”‡ƒ•ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†Šƒ†Ǥ ‹‰Š‡”ƒ”‡–ƒŽ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†–Š‡Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‘ˆ ’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ†‡ƒ–Š‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ǡ”‡•—Ž–‹‰‹‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‹†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ Ǥ ‹‰Š‡”ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†Šƒ†„‘–Š’‘•‹–‹˜‡ƒ†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‹†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ǡ–Š”‘—‰Š ‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘† ‘ˆ †‹˜‘” ‡ ƒ† —‡’Ž‘›‡–ǡ „—– †‡ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ –Š‡ Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘† ‘ˆ ‘ —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ†‹•ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ ‹• —••‹‘ ƒ†’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”•–”‡••ˆ—ŽŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ƒ”‡Žƒ”‰‡Ž›ǡ„—–‘–‡–‹”‡Ž›‹†‡’‡†‡–’”‡†‹ –‘”•‘ˆ Ǥ ‡ ˆ‘—† –Šƒ– Š‹‰Š ƒ† Ž‘™  ƒ› ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ‡š’‘•—”‡ –‘ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ‡˜‡–• –Šƒ– ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›ƒˆˆ‡ –Ǥ ‹†‹‰••—‰‰‡•––Šƒ–Ž‘™ȋ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†Ȍƒ†•–”‡••ˆ—ŽŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ƒ”‡ ‹–‡””‡Žƒ–‡†ˆƒ –‘”•–Šƒ–ƒ›Ž‹‹–‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•–‘ƒ‰‡•— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ›Ǥ   .     . 96 | Chapter 5.

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(6) –”‘†— –‹‘ Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ— ‡••ˆ—Ž‰‹‰ȋȌƒ‹•ƒ–ƒŠ‘Ž‹•–‹ ƒ••‡••‡–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰‹‰’”‘ ‡••„› ƒ’–—”‹‰–‘™Šƒ–‡š–‡–‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ƒ‹–ƒ‹‘””‡‰ƒ‹Š‹‰ŠŽ‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ’Š›•‹ ƒŽǡ‡–ƒŽǡƒ† •‘ ‹ƒŽˆ— –‹‘‹‰†—”‹‰Žƒ–‡”Ž‹ˆ‡ȋ͙ȌǤ•ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–ƒ†˜ƒ ‡‡–‹”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘ǡ‘™‡ ƒ†ƒŠȋ͚Ȍ”‡ ‡–Ž›‡š’”‡••‡†–Š‡‡‡†–‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡Š‘™‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•–‘ƒ‰‡ •— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ›ƒ”‡•Šƒ’‡†„›–Š‡‹–‡”’Žƒ›„‡–™‡‡•‘ ‹ƒŽƒ†‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽˆƒ –‘”•ƒ ”‘••–Š‡Ž‹ˆ‡ ‘—”•‡ǤŠ‹•ƒ”–‹ Ž‡’ƒ”–Ž›ƒ††”‡••‡•–Š‹•‡‡†„›‡šƒ‹‹‰–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ•–”‡••ˆ—ŽŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–• ‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ƒ†ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†‘ǡ™Š‹Ž‡ƒŽ•‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‰–‘™Šƒ–‡š–‡–•‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹  ‘†‹–‹‘•ƒˆˆ‡ –‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‡š’‘•—”‡–‘•— Š‡˜‡–•Ǥ‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•„‡–™‡‡ •‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹ ’‘•‹–‹‘ȋȌƒ†Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ǡ™‡„—‹Ž†‘•‘ ‹ƒŽ•–”‡••–Š‡‘”›ǡ™Š‹ Š”‡‰ƒ”†• Š”‘‹ ƒ†ƒ —–‡•–”‡••‘”•ƒ• ‘•‡“—‡ ‡•‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ȋ͛ȌǤ’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ›ǡ™‡•–—†› ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›•‹™Š‹ Šƒˆˆ‡ –•‡š’‘•—”‡–‘Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ȋ•‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒ—•ƒ–‹‘Ȍǡƒ†’ƒ–Š™ƒ›•‹ ™Š‹ Š•–”‡••ˆ—ŽŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ƒˆˆ‡ –•—„•‡“—‡–•‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹  ‘†‹–‹‘•ȋ•‘ ‹ƒŽ•‡Ž‡ –‹‘ȌǤ‡ Š›’‘–Š‡•‹œ‡–Šƒ–„‘–Š‹†•‘ˆ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›•ƒ›ƒˆˆ‡ –Ǥ ‹ˆ‡˜‡–•ƒ† –”‡••ˆ—Ž ‡˜‡–• ƒ– ƒ› ’‘‹– ‹ –Š‡ Ž‹ˆ‡ ‘—”•‡ ƒ› Šƒ˜‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‘•‡“—‡ ‡• ˆ‘” ’•› Š‘•‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒ† ’Š›•‹ ƒŽ ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ ‹ Žƒ–‡” Ž‹ˆ‡ ȋ͜ǡ͝ȌǤ ‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–• •— Š ƒ• –Š‡ †‡ƒ–Š ‘ˆ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‘–Š‡”•ƒ›‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›ƒˆˆ‡ –ƒ„”‘ƒ†”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ†‘ƒ‹•‘ˆˆ— –‹‘‹‰ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰ ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ ȋ͞Ȍǡ ‘‰‹–‹˜‡ ȋ͟Ȍǡ ’Š›•‹ ƒŽ ȋ͠Ȍǡ ƒ† •‘ ‹ƒŽ ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ ȋ͡Ȍǡ ƒ† †‹•‡ƒ•‡ ȋ͙͘ȌǤ Š‡ ”‡ƒ•‘–Šƒ–Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ƒ”‡Ž‹‡†–‘•— Šƒ„”‘ƒ†”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‘—– ‘‡•‹•–Šƒ––Š‡›‘–‘Ž›‡Ž‹ ‹– •–”‡••ˆ—Ž‡‘–‹‘ƒŽƒ†’Š›•‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ”‡•’‘•‡•‹‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•„—–ƒŽ•‘†‹•”—’–†ƒ‹Ž›”‘—–‹‡• ȋ͝ȌǤ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡƒ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–‹•‘ˆ–‡–Š‡ —Ž‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ‘”‡‘”Ž‡••Ž‡‰–Š›’”‘ ‡•• ‘ˆ •–”‡•• ƒ ——Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ™Š‹ Š ƒ› ‡š’Žƒ‹ –Š‡‹” ‘•‹†‡”ƒ„Ž‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ Š‡ƒŽ–Š ƒ† ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ȋ͛ȌǤ••— Šǡ‹–‹•Šƒ•„‡‡†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡†–Šƒ–‘–‘Ž›Dz”‡ ‡–dz„—–ƒŽ•‘‡˜‡–•‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‘”ƒ†‘Ž‡• ‡ ‡ ƒ„‡ƒ”Ž‹ˆ‡ǦŽ‘‰ ‘•‡“—‡ ‡•ˆ‘”Š‡ƒŽ–Š‹‘Ž†ƒ‰‡ȋ͙͙ȌǤ Š‡Žƒ”‰‡ƒŒ‘”‹–›‘ˆ’”‡˜‹‘—••–—†‹‡•Šƒ˜‡†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡†‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‘Ž›‘•‹‰Ž‡ Š‡ƒŽ–Š‘—– ‘‡•™‹–Š‹†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•–—†›’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Š‹•‹•˜ƒŽ—ƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”ƒ••‡••‹‰ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ‘”’Š›•‹ ƒŽ”‡•’‘•‡•–‘•–”‡••‘”•ǡ™‡ ƒ‘–‹ˆ‡”ˆ”‘–Š‹•Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ –‘ ™Šƒ– ‡š–‡– Ž‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–• ƒˆˆ‡ – –Š‡ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ ƒ‰‹‰ ’”‘ ‡••Ǥ  ‹• ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽŽ› ƒ —Ž–‹†‹‡•‹‘ƒŽ ‘ ‡’–ǡ ™Š‹ Š ƒ‹• –‘ ƒ••‡•• –Š‡ “—ƒŽ‹–› ‘ˆ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ Š—ƒ ƒ‰‹‰ ƒ† ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡•–Š”‡‡‡›†‘ƒ‹•‘ˆˆ— –‹‘‹‰‹‘Ž†ƒ‰‡ǡ–Šƒ–‹•ǡ’Š›•‹ ƒŽǡ‡–ƒŽǡƒ†•‘ ‹ƒŽ ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ ȋ͙ǡ͙͚ȌǤ Š—•ǡ ‘‡ ƒ‹ ‘ˆ –Š‹• •–—†› ‹• –‘ ‡•–‹ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ Ž‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–• ‘ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽˆ— –‹‘‹‰ǡƒ•”‡ˆŽ‡ –‡†„›ƒ—Ž–‹†‹‡•‹‘ƒŽƒ†Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ‡ƒ•—”‡‘ˆȋ͙͛ȌǤ ‡ƒ”‡ƒ™ƒ”‡‘ˆ–™‘•–—†‹‡•–Šƒ–‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡†‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‘Ǥ •—ȋ͙͜Ȍˆ‘—† –Šƒ– ”‡ ‡– ȋζ͙͘ ›‡ƒ”•Ȍ ‡˜‡–• •— Š ƒ• ™‹†‘™Š‘‘†ǡ ‘ˆˆ•’”‹‰ Ž‘••ǡ ƒ† †‹˜‘” ‡ ™‡”‡ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ž› ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• •‹‰Ž‡ ‹†‹ ƒ–‘”• ‘ˆ Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‹• •–—†› †‹† ‘– ‹ Ž—†‡ ‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ƒ††‹†‘–‡•–‹ƒ–‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‘‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽˆ— –‹‘‹‰Ǥ ‹ƒ† ‘ŽŽ‡ƒ‰—‡•ȋ͙͝Ȍˆ‘—†–Šƒ–ƒŠ‹‰Š‡”—„‡”‘ˆ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•†—”‹‰–Š‡Ž‹ˆ‡ ‘—”•‡™‡”‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Šƒ ‘’‘•‹–‡‡ƒ•—”‡‘ˆ‹ƒ„‹˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‡‘†‡Žǡ„—– Life events, socioeconomic position and successful aging | 97. 5.

(7) ‘–ƒˆ–‡”ƒ†Œ—•–‹‰ˆ‘”‰‡†‡”ƒ†ƒ‰‡ǤŠ‹•™ƒ•’‘••‹„Ž›†—‡–‘ƒ‰‡ƒ†Ȁ‘”‰‡†‡”„‡‹‰ •–”‘‰Ž› ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š „‘–Š –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ Ž‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–• ƒ† Ǥ Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ‡˜‡–•‘”‡ƒ‹‡†— Ž‡ƒ”Ǥ—”•–—†›‡š–‡†•–Š‡•‡–™‘•–—†‹‡•„›‹ Ž—†‹‰—Ž–‹’Ž‡ Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ƒ†ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†Ǥ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ™‡ƒ†˜ƒ ‡—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡• ‹„›•‹–—ƒ–‹‰–Š‡‘ —””‡ ‡‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•™‹–Š‹‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹  ‘†‹–‹‘• ‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ†Žƒ–‡”‹Ž‹ˆ‡Ǥ ‹ˆ‡˜‡–•‹–Š‹–Š‡›ƒ‹ •‘ˆ‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹ ‘†‹–‹‘• š’‘•—”‡ –‘ Š”‘‹  •–”‡••‘”• ƒ† •–”‡••ˆ—Ž Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–• ‹• ‘– ‡”‡Ž›†—‡ –‘ Šƒ ‡ǡ„—– ‹• ’ƒ––‡”‡†„›•‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹  ‘†‹–‹‘•Ǥ‡”•‘•™‹–ŠƒŽ‘™–‡†–‘„‡‡š’‘•‡†‘”‡ ‘ˆ–‡–‘•‘—” ‡•‘ˆ Š”‘‹ •–”‡•••— Šƒ•‡ ‘‘‹ ƒ†˜‡”•‹–›ǡƒ†˜‡”•‡™‘”‹‰ ‘†‹–‹‘•ǡ ƒ† †‡’”‹˜‡† Ž‹˜‹‰ ‡˜‹”‘‡–• ȋ͙͞ȌǤ ‹–Š‹ –Š‹• ‘–‡š– ‘ˆ ‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡† Š”‘‹  •–”‡••ǡ •–”‡••ˆ—ŽŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–••— Šƒ•ˆƒ‹Ž›†‹•”—’–‹‘‘”—‡’Ž‘›‡–ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘‘”‡Ž‹‡Ž›–‘ƒ”‹•‡ ȋ͛ǡ͙͟ȌǤ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ’‡”•‘•™‹–ŠŽ‘™ ‘ˆ–‡’‘••‡•• Ž‡•• ‘’‹‰”‡•‘—” ‡•ƒ†Šƒ˜‡Ž‡•• ƒ ‡••–‘•‘ ‹ƒŽ•—’’‘”––‘‘ˆˆ•‡–‘”ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ ——Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•–”‡••‘”•ȋ͛ȌǤŠ‹‰Š‡”‡š’‘•—”‡–‘ •–”‡••ˆ—Ž ‡˜‡–• ƒ› –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ „‡ ‘‡ ”— ‹ƒŽ ‡ Šƒ‹• Ž‹‹‰  –‘  ȋ͙͠ǡ͙͡ȌǤ Š‹• •–”— –—”ƒŽ’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡‘•‘ ‹ƒŽ•–”‡••ȋ͛Ȍ‹’Ž‹‡•–Šƒ–•–—†‹‡••Š‘—Ž† Žƒ”‹ˆ›–Š‡‹–‡””‡Žƒ–‡† ”‘Ž‡• ‘ˆ  ƒ† Ž‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–• ‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘† ƒ† ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†ǡ ƒ† Š‘™ –Š‡•‡ ƒˆˆ‡ – –Š‡ ƒ‰‹‰ ’”‘ ‡••Ǥ

(8) –Š‡ —””‡–•–—†›ǡ™‡‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡•‡˜‡”ƒŽ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›•Ž‹‹‰ƒ†Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘† ƒ† ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘† –‘ Ǥ —” ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š ƒ› Žƒ”‹ˆ› ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– –Š”‡‡ ‹••—‡•Ǥ ‹”•–ǡ ƒ› ‡ƒ”Ž‹‡” •–—†‹‡•Šƒ˜‡‡‰Ž‡ –‡†–Š‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ–‘–ƒŽŽ–›’‡•‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ƒ”‡•‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ƒˆˆ‡ –‡†„› ȋ͜ȌǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š•–—†‹‡••Š‘™–Šƒ–Ž‘™‡”‰”‘—’•ƒ”‡‡š’‘•‡†–‘ƒŠ‹‰Š‡”—„‡”‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–• ‘ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ͙͟ǡ͙͠Ȍǡ –Š‡ ‡š’‘•—”‡ –‘ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” ‡˜‡–• •— Š ƒ• ™‹†‘™Š‘‘†ǡ †‹˜‘” ‡ǡƒ†ƒ••ƒ—Ž–‘–‡ ‡••ƒ”‹Ž›†‹ˆˆ‡”•„‡–™‡‡•‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹ ‰”‘—’•ȋ͙͠Ȍǡƒ††‹˜‘” ‡ ƒ›„‡‘”‡’”‡˜ƒŽ‡–‹Š‹‰Š‡””ƒ–Š‡”–ŠƒŽ‘™‡”•‘ ‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘‘‹ ‰”‘—’•ȋ͚͘ǡ͚͙ȌǤ

(9) ‘—” •–—†›ǡ™‡–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡•‡˜‡•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ǡ”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ•—‹‰–Š‡—„‡” ‘ˆ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ƒ•ƒ’”‘š›ˆ‘”Ž‹ˆ‡–‹‡•–”‡••‡š’‘•—”‡Ǥ ‡ ‘†ǡƒ›•–—†‹‡•†‹†‘–‡š’Ž‹ ‹–Ž›‡šƒ‹‡–Š‡•‘ ‹ƒŽ•‡Ž‡ –‹‘Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•ǡ™Š‹ Š•–ƒ–‡• –Šƒ–‡š’‘•—”‡–‘•–”‡••‘”•ƒ›‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›ƒˆˆ‡ –”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ˜‹ ‡˜‡”•ƒȋ͛ȌǤ ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ ’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ †‹˜‘” ‡ ƒ† ’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ †‡ƒ–Š ‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘† Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ •Š‘™ –‘ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ž› ƒˆˆ‡ – ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǡ ‘ —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǡ ƒ† ˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ ƒ––ƒ‹‡– Žƒ–‡” ‹ Ž‹ˆ‡ ȋ͚͚ǡ͚͛ȌǤ ‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–• ‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ƒ›ƒŽ•‘ƒ‡’‡‘’Ž‡‘”‡•—• ‡’–‹„Ž‡–‘’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•Žƒ–‡”‹Ž‹ˆ‡Ǥ ‘” ‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ Š‹Ž†”‡ ™Š‘•‡ ’ƒ”‡–• Šƒ˜‡ †‹˜‘” ‡† Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ •Š‘™ –‘ †‹˜‘” ‡ ‘”‡ ‘ˆ–‡ –Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ȋ͚͜ȌǤ

(10) –Šƒ•‘–„‡‡•–—†‹‡†„‡ˆ‘”‡™Š‡–Š‡”•— Š‡ Šƒ‹••‹†‹”‡ –Ž›ƒˆˆ‡ – ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‘—”•–—†›‡šƒ‹‡•„‘–Š–Š‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›–Šƒ–ƒˆˆ‡ –•Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ƒ†–Šƒ– Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ƒˆˆ‡ –ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†‘”•–”‡••ˆ—Ž‡˜‡–•‹ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†Ǥ Š‹”†ǡ’”‡˜‹‘—••–—†‹‡•‘ˆ•‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹ ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‹•—‰‰‡•––Šƒ––Š‡†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†‘ƒ”‡•–”‘‰‡”–Šƒ–Š‘•‡‘ˆ’ƒ”‡–ƒŽȋ͚͝Ȃ͚͟ȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‡ƒ•—”‡• ‘ˆ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘† ƒ† ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘† •‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹  ‘†‹–‹‘• ‘ˆ–‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡† ‹ ’”‡˜‹‘—• •–—†‹‡•ǡ 98 | Chapter 5.

(11) Ž‹‹–‹‰ƒ Ž‡ƒ” ‘’ƒ”‹•‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘Ǥ

(12) –‹•‘™–Šƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‘’‘‡–•‘ˆ ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ǡ‘ —’ƒ–‹‘ǡ‹ ‘‡Ȍƒ›‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡’ƒ”–Ž›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹†‹ ƒ–‘”•‘ˆǤ Š‹••—‰‰‡•–•–Šƒ–—Ž–‹’Ž‡‹†‹ ƒ–‘”•‘ˆƒ”‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘ƒ —”ƒ–‡Ž› ƒ’–—”‡–Š‡‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ ‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ‘ȋ͚͠ȌǤ

(13) ‘—”•–—†›ǡ™‡—•‡ ‘’ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡ƒ†—Ž–‹Ǧ‹†‹ ƒ–‘”‡ƒ•—”‡•‘ˆ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ’ƒ”‡–ƒŽȌƒ†ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†Ǥ

(14) •—ƒ”›ǡ–Š‡’”‡•‡–•–—†›ƒ•™‡”•–™‘”‡•‡ƒ” Š“—‡•–‹‘•ǣ–‘™Šƒ–‡š–‡–†‘’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ƒˆˆ‡ –ǡƒ†Š‘™ƒ”‡•‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹ ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‹•Šƒ’‡†„›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒŽ ‡š’‘•—”‡ –‘ Ž‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–• „‡–™‡‡ ‰”‘—’• ™‹–Š ƒ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ǫ ’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ›ǡ ™‡ –‡•– –Š”‡‡ Š›’‘–Š‡•‡•ǡ•—ƒ”‹œ‡†‹ƒŽ‹ˆ‡Ǧ ‘—”•‡‘†‡Žȋ ‹‰—”‡͙ȌǤ ›’‘–Š‡•‹•͙ǣ –”‡••ˆ—ŽŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ƒ†ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›ƒˆˆ‡ –ȋ†‹”‡ – ‡ˆˆ‡ –•Ȍǡ™Š‡”‡ƒ•Š‹‰Š‡”’ƒ”‡–ƒŽƒ†ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘††‡ ”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‘ˆ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‹‰ •— Š‡˜‡–•‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ƒ†ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†ǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ȋ‹†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –•ǣ•‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒ—•ƒ–‹‘ȌǤ ›’‘–Š‡•‹• ͚ǣ  ‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–• ‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘† ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ž› ƒˆˆ‡ – ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†  ƒ† –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ ‹†‹”‡ –Ž›ƒ†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›ƒˆˆ‡ –Ǥƒ”‡–ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡•‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‹ ”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‘ˆ †‹˜‘” ‡‹ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†ƒ†–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡‹†‹”‡ –Ž›ƒ†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›ƒˆˆ‡ –ȋ‹†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –•ǣ•‘ ‹ƒŽ •‡Ž‡ –‹‘ȌǤ ›’‘–Š‡•‹•͛ǣ  ‹‰Š‡”’ƒ”‡–ƒŽƒ†Š‹‰Š‡”ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†’‘•‹–‹˜‡Ž›ƒˆˆ‡ –ȋ†‹”‡ – ‡ˆˆ‡ –•ȌǤ††‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡŠ‹‰Š‡”’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ’‘•‹–‹˜‡Ž›ƒˆˆ‡ –•ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†ƒ†–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ ‹†‹”‡ –Ž›ƒ†’‘•‹–‹˜‡Ž›ƒˆˆ‡ –•ȋ‹†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –ȌǤ   .  ‹‰—”‡͙Ǥ ›’‘–Š‡•‹œ‡†Ž‹ˆ‡Ǧ ‘—”•‡‘†‡ŽǤ .   Life events, socioeconomic position and successful aging | 99. 5.

(15) ‡–Š‘† ƒ–ƒƒ†–—†›ƒ’Ž‡ ‡‡’Ž‘›‡††ƒ–ƒˆ”‘–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ›”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ‰‹‰–—†›•–‡”†ƒ ȋǢ͚͟ȌǤ

(16) ͙͚͡͡Ȃ͙͛͡͡ǡ͛ǡ͙͘͟”‡•’‘†‡–•™‡”‡‹ Ž—†‡†‹ƒ”ƒ†‘•ƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ƒ‰‡† ͝͝Ȃ͠͝ ›‡ƒ”• ȋ ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ”ƒ–‡ ͚͞άȌǤ ‡•’‘†‡–• Ž‹˜‡† ‹ ͙͙ —‹ ‹’ƒŽ‹–‹‡• ‹ –Š‡ ‡–Š‡”Žƒ†• –Šƒ– ”‡ˆŽ‡ – –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ •‘ ‹‘Ǧ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹  ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ‘Ž†‡•– ‘Ž† ƒ† ‡ ™‡”‡‘˜‡”•ƒ’Ž‡†Ǥ

(17) ͛Ǧ›‡ƒ” › Ž‡•ǡ†ƒ–ƒ™‡”‡ƒ “—‹”‡††—”‹‰‹–‡”˜‹‡™•ƒ–Š‘‡ǡ‹™”‹––‡ “—‡•–‹‘ƒ‹”‡•ǡƒ†‹‡†‹ ƒŽ‹–‡”˜‹‡™•Ǥ —”‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ™ƒ•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”ȋ͙͛Ȍƒ†‹•„ƒ•‡†‘†ƒ–ƒˆ”‘–Š‡ „ƒ•‡Ž‹‡‡ƒ•—”‡‡–‹͙͚͡͡Ȃ͙͛͡͡ȋγ͛ǡ͙͘͟Ȍƒ†ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™Ǧ—’‡ƒ•—”‡‡–•‹͙͡͡͝Ȃ͙͡͡͞ ȋγ͚ǡ͜͝͝Ȍǡ͙͡͡͠Ȃ͙͡͡͡ȋγ͚ǡ͘͟͞Ȍǡ͚͙͘͘Ȃ͚͚͘͘ȋγ͙ǡ͙͞͡Ȍǡ͚͘͘͝Ȃ͚͘͘͞ȋγ͙ǡ͚͟͝Ȍǡƒ†͚͘͘͠Ȃ ͚͘͘͡ȋγ͡͠͝ȌǤ

(18) Ǧ„‡–™‡‡™ƒ˜‡•ǡ‘ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ƒ„‘—–͙͚ά‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•’‘†‡–•†‹‡†ƒ†͠ά ‘—Ž†‘–„‡ ‘–ƒ –‡†ǡ™‡”‡–‘‘ˆ”ƒ‹Ž–‘’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡‘””‡ˆ—•‡†–‘’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡ǤƒŽ —Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ –”ƒŒ‡ –‘”‹‡• ‘ˆ ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ ‘•–‹–—–‹‰ –Š‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡‡– ‘ˆ  ™ƒ• ’‡”ˆ‘”‡† ‘Ž› ˆ‘” ”‡•’‘†‡–•™Š‘Šƒ††ƒ–ƒˆ‘”ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•––™‘™ƒ˜‡•ˆ‘”ƒ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‹†‹ ƒ–‘”‘ˆȋγ͚ǡ͚͙͛–‘  γ ͚ǡ͚͘͜ ƒ‘‰ ‹†‹ ƒ–‘”•ȌǤ ‘” –Š‡•‡ ”‡•’‘†‡–•ǡ ͙͞Ǧ›‡ƒ” –”ƒŒ‡ –‘”‹‡• ™‡”‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡† —•‹‰ ƒš‹— Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘† ‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ •–—†› •ƒ’Ž‡ ‹ Ž—†‡† ”‡•’‘†‡–• ˆ‘” ™Š‹ Šƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–‡‹‰Š––”ƒŒ‡ –‘”‹‡•‘ˆ™‡”‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡†ȋγ͚ǡ͙͠͝ȌǤŠ‡’”‡•‡–ƒƒŽ›•‡•ƒ”‡ „ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡•ƒ‡•–—†›•ƒ’Ž‡Ǥ  ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–• — ‡••ˆ—Ž‰‹‰ Š‡ Dz— ‡••ˆ—Ž ‰‹‰Ǧ‹†‡šdz ‹• „ƒ•‡† ‘ ‹‡ ‹†‹ ƒ–‘”• ‘ˆ ’Š›•‹ ƒŽǡ ‡–ƒŽǡ ƒ† •‘ ‹ƒŽ ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ ȋ͙͛ȌǤ Š‡ ‹†‡š ”ƒ‰‡• ˆ”‘ ͘ –‘ ͡ ƒ† ‡••‡–‹ƒŽŽ› ‡š’”‡••‡• –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ ‹†‹ ƒ–‘”•ˆ‘”™Š‹ Š‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ”‡•’‘†‡–•Šƒ†ƒˆƒ˜‘”ƒ„Ž‡ȋDz•— ‡••ˆ—ŽdzȌ͙͞Ǧ›‡ƒ”–”ƒŒ‡ –‘”›Ǥ Š‡ ’”‡‹•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ‹†‡š ‹• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘”‡ ˆƒ˜‘”ƒ„Ž‡ –”ƒŒ‡ –‘”‹‡• ‘‡ Šƒ•ǡ –Š‡ ‘”‡ Dz•— ‡••ˆ—Ždz ‘‡ ™ƒ•Ǥ ‡”‡ǡ ™‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ •—ƒ”› †‡• ”‹’–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘’‘•‹–‹‘ ƒ† ƒŽ —Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ǧ‹†‡šǤ‡–ƒ‹Ž• ƒ„‡ˆ‘—†‹–Š‡‘Ž‹‡—’’Ž‡‡–ƒ”›ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽƒ† ‹’”‡˜‹‘—•™‘”ȋ͙͛ȌǤ Š‡ Ǧ‹†‡š ‹• „ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ ™‹†‡Ž› ƒ†‘’–‡† ‘™‡ ƒ† ƒŠ ȋ͙Ȍ ‘†‡Ž ‘ˆ ǡ „—– ‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‡••‡˜‡”ƒŽ•—‰‰‡•–‹‘•ˆ‘”‡š–‡†‹‰–Š‹•‘†‡Žƒ†‹–•‡ƒ•—”‡‡–ȋ͛͘ȌǤ ‹”•– ƒ†ˆ‘”‡‘•–ǡŽƒ›’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡•‘ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ͚͡ȌŽ‡†—•–‘‡š Ž—†‡–Š‡ƒ„•‡ ‡‘ˆ†‹•‡ƒ•‡ƒ•ƒ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–ˆ‘”ƒ†–‘‹ Ž—†‡Š‘Ž‹•–‹ ƒ†•—„Œ‡ –‹˜‡‹†‹ ƒ–‘”••— Šƒ••‡ŽˆǦ”ƒ–‡†Š‡ƒŽ–Š ƒ† Ž‹ˆ‡ •ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‹‘Ǥ š Ž—†‹‰ Š”‘‹  †‹•‡ƒ•‡• ™ƒ• †‘‡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ ˆ‡™ ‘Ž†‡” ƒ†—Ž–• ƒ‰‡ ™‹–Š‘—––Š‡ǡƒ†ƒ›‘Ž†‡”ƒ†—Ž–•ˆ‡‡Ž–Šƒ–Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ Š”‘‹ †‹•‡ƒ•‡†‘‡•‘–’”‡ Ž—†‡ •— ‡••ˆ—Žƒ‰‹‰ȋ͚͛ȌǤ‡ ‘†ǡDz•— ‡••dz™ƒ•„ƒ•‡†‘Ž‘‰Ǧ–‡”–”ƒŒ‡ –‘”‹‡•”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒƒ ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–‘ˆˆ— –‹‘‹‰ǡƒŽŽ‘™‹‰Ž‹‹–‡†ˆ— –‹‘ƒŽ†‡ Ž‹‡ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•. 100 | Chapter 5.

(19) ”‡ ‘˜‡”›ˆ”‘†‡ Ž‹‡–‘•‹‰‹ˆ›ǤŠ‹”†ǡ™‡‡š’”‡••‡†‘ƒ ‘–‹——”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒƒ•ƒ †‹ Š‘–‘›ǡ ™Š‹ Š ƒŽŽ‘™•  ‹ ‘‡ †‘ƒ‹ †‡•’‹–‡ Ž‡•• ˆƒ˜‘”ƒ„Ž‡ ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ ‹ ‘–Š‡” †‘ƒ‹•ȋ͙͚ȌǤ  Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹‡‹†‹ ƒ–‘”•ƒ”‡‹ Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡Ǧ‹†‡šǤ — –‹‘ƒŽ‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•”‡ˆŽ‡ –• –Š‡‡š–‡––‘™Š‹ Š”‡•’‘†‡–• ƒ’‡”ˆ‘”•‹š†ƒ‹Ž›ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ‡ŽˆǦ”ƒ–‡† ‡ƒŽ–Šƒ••‡••‡• ”‡•’‘†‡–•ǯ Š‡ƒŽ–Š Dz‹ ‰‡‡”ƒŽǤdz ‡’”‡••‹˜‡ ›’–‘• ƒ”‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡† „› –Š‡ ‡–‡” ˆ‘” ’‹†‡‹‘Ž‘‰‹  –—†‹‡• ‡’”‡••‹‘  ƒŽ‡ ȋǦǢ ͙͛ȌǤ ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‹‘ ™‹–Š ‹ˆ‡ ”‡ˆŽ‡ –• Š‘™ •ƒ–‹•ˆ‹‡†”‡•’‘†‡–•ƒ”‡™‹–Š–Š‡‹”Ž‹ˆ‡DzŽƒ–‡Ž›Ǥdz‘‰‹–‹˜‡ — –‹‘‹‰‹•‡ƒ•—”‡†„›–Š‡ ‹‹‡–ƒŽ–ƒ–‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ȋǢ͚͛ȌǤ‘ ‹ƒŽ‘‡Ž‹‡••‹•ƒ••‡••‡†™‹–Šƒˆ‹˜‡Ǧ‹–‡ •—„• ƒŽ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ ‘‰Ǧ ‹‡”˜‡Ž†‘‡Ž‹‡•• ƒŽ‡ȋ͛͝ȌǤ‘ ‹ƒŽ –‹˜‹–›”‡ˆŽ‡ –•–Š‡ˆ”‡“—‡ › ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ ‹ –Š‹”–‡‡ –›’‡• ‘ˆ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘• ’‡” ‘–ŠǤ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ ‘–‹‘ƒŽ —’’‘”–. ‹˜‡ƒ†

(20) •–”—‡–ƒŽ—’’‘”– ‹˜‡‡ƒ•—”‡Š‘™‘ˆ–‡”‡•’‘†‡–•–ƒŽ‡†–‘–Š‡‹”‹‡ ‘•–ˆ”‡“—‡–Ž› ‘–ƒ –‡†‡–™‘”‡„‡”•ȋ‡š Ž—†‹‰–Š‡’ƒ”–‡”Ȍƒ„‘—––Š‡‹”’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡• ‘” ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰• ȋ‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ •—’’‘”–Ȍǡ ƒ† Š‘™ ‘ˆ–‡ –Š‡› Š‡Ž’‡† –Š‡ ™‹–Š †ƒ‹Ž› –ƒ••‹ƒ†ƒ”‘—†–Š‡Š‘—•‡ȋ‹•–”—‡–ƒŽ•—’’‘”–Ǣ͛͜ȌǤ‘”‡†‡–ƒ‹Ž•ƒ”‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡‹–Š‡ ‘Ž‹‡—’’Ž‡‡–ƒ”›ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǤ ‘”‡ƒ Š‘ˆ–Š‡‹†‹ ƒ–‘”•ǡŽƒ–‡– Žƒ••‰”‘™–ŠƒƒŽ›•‹•‹’Ž—•͞Ǥ͘ȋ͛͟Ȍ™ƒ• ‘†— –‡†–‘ ‹†‡–‹ˆ› •—„‰”‘—’• ‘ˆ ”‡•’‘†‡–• ™‹–Š ƒ †‹•–‹ – –›’‡ ‘ˆ –”ƒŒ‡ –‘”›Ǥ ‘” ‡ƒ Š ‹†‹ ƒ–‘”ǡ –”ƒŒ‡ –‘”‹‡•™‹–Š•–ƒ„Ž‡Š‹‰ŠŽ‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆˆ— –‹‘‹‰ǡŽ‹‹–‡††‡ Ž‹‡ǡ‘””‡ ‘˜‡”›ˆ”‘ƒŽ‘™Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ ™‡”‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡† ƒ• Dz•— ‡••ˆ—Ždz –”ƒŒ‡ –‘”‹‡•Ǥ ”ƒŒ‡ –‘”‹‡• ™‡”‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡† •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž›ˆ‘”‡ƒ†™‘‡Ǥ‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†”‡•—Ž–•ƒ”‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡‹—’’Ž‡‡–ƒ”›ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǤ Š‡ Ǧ‹†‡š ™ƒ• ‘•–”— –‡† „› •—‹‰ –Š‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ’‘•–‡”‹‘” ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡• ‘ˆ „‡Ž‘‰‹‰–‘ƒDz•— ‡••ˆ—Ždz Žƒ••ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š‘ˆ–Š‡‹‡‹†‹ ƒ–‘”•ǡ–Š—•”ƒ‰‹‰ˆ”‘͘Ǥ͘͘–‘ ͡Ǥ͘͘ǤŠ‹•• ‘”‡”‡ˆŽ‡ –•–Š‡—„‡”‘ˆDz•— ‡••ˆ—Ždz–”ƒŒ‡ –‘”‹‡•‘ˆˆ— –‹‘‹‰ǡƒ†Œ—•–‡†ˆ‘” –Š‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽ— ‡”–ƒ‹–›—†‡”Ž›‹‰Žƒ–‡– Žƒ••‡„‡”•Š‹’Ǥ—• ‘”‡•ˆ‘””‡•’‘†‡–• ™‹–Š‘‡‹••‹‰‹†‹ ƒ–‘”™‡”‡†‹˜‹†‡†„›‡‹‰Š–ƒ†–Š‡—Ž–‹’Ž‹‡†„›‹‡Ǥ ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–• ‡•‡Ž‡ –‡†Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•–Šƒ–ȋƒȌ”ƒŠ‹‰ŠŽ›‹–‡”•‘ˆ†‹•–”‡••ƒ†‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡‘’‡‘’Ž‡ǯ•†ƒ‹Ž› Ž‹˜‡•ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ͛͞ȌǢȋ„Ȍƒ”‡Ž‹‡Ž›–‘‘ —”‘”‡‘ˆ–‡‹’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”•‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹ ‰”‘—’•Ǣƒ†ȋ Ȍ Šƒ† ƒ ’”‡˜ƒŽ‡ ‡ η͝ά ‹ ‘—” •ƒ’Ž‡Ǥ ŽŽ Ž‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–• ‘ —””‡† „‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡ „ƒ•‡Ž‹‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–‹͙͚͡͡Ȃ͙͛͡͡Ǥ

(21) Ž‹‡™‹–Š–Š‡‘–‹‘‘ˆ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ƒ†ƒ†‘Ž‡• ‡ ‡ƒ•Dz•‡•‹–‹˜‡’‡”‹‘†•dzȋ͙͙Ȍǡ™‡ƒ””‘™‡† †‘™‘—”†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‡˜‡–•–‘–Š‘•‡–Šƒ––‘‘’Žƒ ‡„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡”‡•’‘†‡–™ƒ• ͙͠›‡ƒ”•‘Ž†Ǥƒ”‡–ƒŽ‡ƒ–Š‹Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‡š’”‡••‡†™Š‡–Š‡”‘‡‘”„‘–Š’ƒ”‡–•Šƒ††‹‡† ‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ǤŠ‹•‡˜‡–™ƒ•‹ Ž—†‡†„‡ ƒ—•‡ƒŽ‘™‹•ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š‡ƒ”Ž›‘”–ƒŽ‹–› ȋ͛͡ȌǤƒ”‡–ƒŽ”‘„Ž‡•‹Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‡š’”‡••‡†™Š‡–Š‡””‡•’‘†‡–•”‡’‘”–‡†Dz†‹˜‘” ‡‘ˆ ’ƒ”‡–•ǡdzDz•‡˜‡”‡†‹• ‘”†„‡–™‡‡’ƒ”‡–•ǡdz‘”Dz‘–Š‡”’”‘„Ž‡•ƒ–Š‘‡dz†—”‹‰ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†Ǥ Š‹•‡˜‡–™ƒ•‹ Ž—†‡†„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ‹ ‘ Ž—•‹˜‡‡˜‹†‡ ‡‘™Š‡–Š‡”†‹˜‘” ‡‘”‡‘ˆ–‡ ‘ —”•™‹–ŠŽ‘™‡”‘””ƒ–Š‡”™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‡”ȋ͚͘ǡ͘͜ȌǤ Life events, socioeconomic position and successful aging | 101. 5.

(22) †—Ž–Š‘‘† ˆƒ‹Ž›Ǧ”‡Žƒ–‡† Ž‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–• ‹ Ž—†‡† ‹˜‘” ‡ ȋ‘” •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘Ȍǡ ‹†‘™Š‘‘†ǡ ƒ† ‡ƒ–Š‘ˆƒŠ‹Ž†ǡ‡š’”‡••‹‰™Š‡–Š‡””‡•’‘†‡–•Šƒ†‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†–Š‹•ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–‘ ‡†—”‹‰ –Š‡‹” Ž‹˜‡•Ǥ ‡ ƒ—•‡ Ž‘™‡”  ‹• ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š Š‹‰Š‡” ‘”–ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ”‡’”‘†— –‹‘‘ˆȋ͙͜Ȍǡ™‡‡š’‡ –‡†ƒŠ‹‰Š‡”’”‡˜ƒŽ‡ ‡‘ˆ™‹†‘™Š‘‘†ƒ†–Š‡Ž‘••‘ˆƒ Š‹Ž†™‹–ŠŽ‘™‡”ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†Ǥ  —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‹ Ž—†‡†‡’Ž‘›‡–ƒ† —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹•ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǤŠ‡•‡‡˜‡–• ”‡ˆŽ‡ –‡† ™Š‡–Š‡” ”‡•’‘†‡–• ‡˜‡” ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† —‡’Ž‘›‡– ‘” ‘ —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ †‹•ƒ„‹Ž‹–› „‡‡ˆ‹–• ˆ‘” ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– ͛ ‘–Š•Ǥ ‡ ƒ—•‡ —‡’Ž‘›‡– „‡‡ˆ‹–• †‘ ‘– ƒ’’Ž› ™Š‡ ‡’Ž‘›‡‡•˜‘Ž—–ƒ”‹Ž›”‡•‹‰ǡ™‡ƒ••—‡–Šƒ–—‡’Ž‘›‡–™ƒ•‹˜‘Ž—–ƒ”›Ǥ‡‡š’‡ –‡† •— Š‡˜‡–•–‘‘ —”‘”‡‘ˆ–‡™‹–ŠŽ‘™‡”‰”‘—’•†—‡–‘Ž‡•••‡ —”‡ƒ†’Š›•‹ ƒŽŽ› ‘”‡†‡ƒ†‹‰Œ‘„•ȋ͚͜ȌǤ ‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹ ‘•‹–‹‘ ‡ ƒ••‡••‡† ’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ  „› ˆƒ–Š‡”ǯ• ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘–Š‡”ǯ• ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ† ˆƒ–Š‡”ǯ• ‘ —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ’”‡•–‹‰‡Ǥ ‘” ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘† ǡ ™‡ ‹ Ž—†‡† ”‡•’‘†‡–•ǯ ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘ —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ’”‡•–‹‰‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” Ž‘‰‡•–ǦŠ‡Ž† Œ‘„ǡ ƒ† ’ƒ”–‡”ǯ• ‡†— ƒ–‹‘Ǥ †— ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ’ƒ”‡–•ǡ ”‡•’‘†‡–ǡ ƒ† ’ƒ”–‡” ™‡”‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡† ‹ ›‡ƒ”• ȋ”ƒ‰‡ ͝Ȃ͙͠ȌǤ  —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ’”‡•–‹‰‡™ƒ•„ƒ•‡†‘Œ‘„–›’‡ǡ ‘†‡†‹–‘ƒ’”‡•–‹‰‡• ƒŽ‡ȋ”ƒ‰‡͙͛Ȃ͚͠Ǣ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡͛͜ȌǤ ‡ˆ‘”‡ ‡š’‘”–‹‰ –Š‡ ’”‡’ƒ”‡† †ƒ–ƒ •‡– –‘ ’Ž—•ǡ ™‡ ƒ “—‹”‡† ‘’Ž‡–‡ †ƒ–ƒ ‘  „› ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‹‰˜ƒŽ—‡•ˆ”‘͚͘‹’—–‡††ƒ–ƒ•‡–•‘„–ƒ‹‡†„›—Ž–‹’Ž‡‹’—–ƒ–‹‘‹Ǥ ‘’ƒ”‹•‘ ‘ˆ ”‡•—Ž–• „‡–™‡‡ ‘†‡Ž• ™‹–Š ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ ƒ† ‹’—–‡† †ƒ–ƒ ”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† ‘ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•‹‡•–‹ƒ–‡•Ǥ”‘’‘”–‹‘•‘ˆ†ƒ–ƒ‹’—–‡†™‡”‡͜άˆ‘”ˆƒ–Š‡”ǯ•ƒ† ‘™‘ —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’”‡•–‹‰‡ȋ–Š‘•‡™Š‘‡˜‡”Šƒ†ƒŒ‘„ȏγ͚͚͡Ȑ™‡”‡‡’–ƒ•‹••‹‰ȌǢ͞ά ˆ‘”ˆƒ–Š‡”ǯ•‡†— ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‘–Š‡”ǯ•‡†— ƒ–‹‘ǡƒ†͙͛άˆ‘”’ƒ”–‡”ǯ•‡†— ƒ–‹‘ȋ–Š‘•‡™Š‘ ‡˜‡”Šƒ†ƒ’ƒ”–‡”ȏγ͞Ȑ™‡”‡‡’–ƒ•‹••‹‰ȌǤ‡‹’—–‡†’ƒ”–‡”ǯ•‡†— ƒ–‹‘„‡ ƒ—•‡ ™‡ƒ‹‡†–‘‡ƒ•—”‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ˆ‘”ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒƒ–„ƒ•‡Ž‹‡Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ™‡ ‘•–”— –‡† ‹†‹ ‡• ‘ˆ ’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ ƒ† ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†  „› ƒŽ —Žƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ ‡ƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –Š”‡‡ •–ƒ†ƒ”†‹œ‡†‹†‹ ƒ–‘”•ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–‹‰‡ƒ• ‘”‡•™‡”‡•–ƒ†ƒ”†‹œ‡†ƒ‰ƒ‹ǡ•— Š–Šƒ– ƒ Šƒ‰‡‘ˆ‘‡—‹–‹–Š‹•ˆ‹ƒŽ‹†‡š‡“—ƒŽ•‘‡•–ƒ†ƒ”††‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘™‹–Šƒ‡ƒ‘ˆ ‡šƒ –Ž›œ‡”‘Ǥ –ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽ”‘ ‡†—”‡ ‡ˆ‹”•–‡•–‹ƒ–‡†–Š‡Dz–‘–ƒŽdz‡ˆˆ‡ –ȋ™‹–Š‘—–‹–‡”˜‡‹‰˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•Ȍ‘ˆ‡ƒ Š’”‡†‹ –‘”‘ ‹ •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ ”‡‰”‡••‹‘ ‘†‡Ž•ǡ ƒ†Œ—•–‡† ˆ‘” „ƒ•‡Ž‹‡ ƒ‰‡ ‘Ž›Ǥ Š‡ǡ ‘ –Š‡ „ƒ•‹• ‘ˆ ‘—” Š›’‘–Š‡–‹ ƒŽ‘†‡Žȋ ‹‰—”‡͙Ȍǡ™‡ ‘•–”— –‡†ƒ’ƒ–Š‘†‡Ž‹ Ž—†‹‰ƒŽŽƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡• ȋ ‹‰—”‡ ͚ȌǤ –ƒ”–‹‰ ™‹–Š •‘Ž‡Ž› –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ – ‘ˆ ƒ”‡–ƒŽ  ‘ ǡ ™‡ ‰”ƒ†—ƒŽŽ› ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ‘†‡Ž ‘’Ž‡š‹–› —–‹Ž –Š‡ ˆ—ŽŽ ’ƒ–Š ‘†‡Ž ™ƒ• •’‡ ‹ˆ‹‡†Ǥ

(23)  –Š‹• ’”‘ ‡••ǡ ™‡ Š‡ ‡† ƒŽŽ ‡•–‹ƒ–‡† ’ƒ–Š• ˆ‘” ˜ƒŽ—‡• –Šƒ– ‹‰Š– ‹†‹ ƒ–‡ ‘†‡Ž ‹••’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ǡ ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ Š‹‰Š •–ƒ†ƒ”†‡””‘”•ƒ†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ ‡•ȋ͜͜ȌǤ‡‡ ‘—–‡”‡†‘•— Š’”‘„Ž‡•Ǥ. 102 | Chapter 5.

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(25)  –Š‡ ’ƒ–Š ‘†‡Ž ȋ ‹‰—”‡ ͚Ȍǡ •‹‰Ž‡ǦŠ‡ƒ†‡† ƒ””‘™• ‹†‹ ƒ–‡ ƒ ƒ••—‡† ƒ—•ƒŽ †‹”‡ –‹‘ǡ ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ †‡’‡†‡– ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ ‹• ”‡‰”‡••‡† ‘ –Š‡ ‹†‡’‡†‡– ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ ‘—„Ž‡ǦŠ‡ƒ†‡† ƒ””‘™•ƒ••—‡‘ ƒ—•ƒŽ†‹”‡ –‹‘„‡–™‡‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•ǡƒ†‘Ž›ƒ†Œ—•–ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ› ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ”‡•‹†—ƒŽ•Ǥ Š‡ Žƒ––‡” ™ƒ• †‘‡ ˆ‘” ‹˜‘” ‡ ƒ† ‹†‘™Š‘‘† ƒ† ˆ‘” ‡’Ž‘›‡– ƒ†  —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹•ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ „‘–Š •‡–• ‘ˆ ‡˜‡–• ƒ”‡ Ž‹‡Ž› –‘ „‡ —–—ƒŽŽ›‡š Ž—•‹˜‡Ǥ Š‡ ’ƒ–Š ‘†‡Ž ™ƒ• ƒ†Œ—•–‡† ˆ‘” „ƒ•‡Ž‹‡ ƒ‰‡Ǥ ‡ ƒ—•‡ –Š‡ Ǧ‹†‡š ™ƒ• ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡† •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž›ˆ‘”‡ƒ†™‘‡ǡƒ†ƒ†–Š‡’”‡˜ƒŽ‡ ‡‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡†„‡–™‡‡ ‡ƒ†™‘‡ǡ™‡–‡•–‡†ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š’ƒ–Š™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –†‹ˆˆ‡”‡†„‡–™‡‡‰‡†‡”•Ǥ

(26) ˆ ™‡ˆ‘—†•— Šƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ȋ’ζǤ͘͝Ȍǡ™‡‡•–‹ƒ–‡†–Š‡’ƒ–Š•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž›ˆ‘”‡ƒ†™‘‡Ǥ

(27) ˆ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–•†‹†‘–†‹ˆˆ‡”ǡ™‡ ‘•–”ƒ‹‡†–Š‡’ƒ–Š–‘„‡‡•–‹ƒ–‡†‡“—ƒŽŽ›ǡƒ†Œ—•–‡†ˆ‘” ‰‡†‡”Ǥ ƒ–ŠƒƒŽ›•‡•™‡”‡ ƒ””‹‡†‘—–™‹–Š’Ž—•˜‡”•‹‘͞ȋ͛͟ȌǤ‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽ‘†‡Ž‹ Ž—†‡• ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ†‹ Š‘–‘‘—•ƒ† ‘–‹—‘—•˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•ǡ™‡—•‡†ƒ™‡‹‰Š–‡†Ž‡ƒ•–•“—ƒ”‡• ™‹–Š ‡ƒ ƒ†Œ—•–‡– ‡•–‹ƒ–‘”Ǥ –ƒ†ƒ”† ‡””‘”• ƒ† •–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ‹†‹”‡ – ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ™‡”‡ ‘„–ƒ‹‡† —•‹‰ „‘‘–•–”ƒ’’‹‰ ™‹–Š ͙ǡ͘͘͘ „‘‘–•–”ƒ’ †”ƒ™•Ǥ Š‹• ‡–Š‘† ’”‘˜‹†‡•‘”‡ƒ —”ƒ–‡‡•–‹ƒ–‡•ƒ†‘”‡’‘™‡”–‘†‡–‡ –•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –•–Šƒ –Š‡ ƒ”‘ ƒ† ‡› ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š ƒ† –Š‡ ‘„‡Ž –‡•– ȋ͜͝ȌǤ ‡ ƒ—•‡ –Š‡ †‹”‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹†‹”‡ – ‡ˆˆ‡ –•‹•ƒ’’ƒ”‡–ˆ”‘—Ž–‹’Ž›‹‰–Š‡ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–•‘ˆ‡ƒ Š‡Ž‡‡–‹ Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡ǡ™‡ —•‡† ‘‡Ǧ–ƒ‹Ž‡† •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ ‡ –‡•–‹‰ ˆ‘” ‹†‹”‡ – ‡ˆˆ‡ –•ǡ ”‡ˆŽ‡ –‡† „› ͘͡ά „‘‘–•–”ƒ’’‡† ‘ˆ‹†‡ ‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•ȋ

(28) •ȌǤˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ ‘–‹—‘—•ȋȌ‘†‹ Š‘–‘‘—•˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•ȋŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•Ȍ ™‡”‡‡š’”‡••‡†ƒ•’”‘„‹– ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–•ǡ™Š‡”‡ƒ’‘•‹–‹˜‡˜ƒŽ—‡‡š’”‡••‡•ƒŠ‹‰Š‡”Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‘ˆ –Š‡‡˜‡–™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‡”ǡƒ†ƒ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡˜ƒŽ—‡‡š’”‡••‡•ƒŽ‘™‡”Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‡”Ǥ

(29)  ‘”†‡” –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ ”‘„—•– ‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘†‡Ž ˆ‹–ǡ ™‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡† –Š”‡‡ ‰‘‘†‡••Ǧ‘ˆǦˆ‹– ‹†‹ ƒ–‘”•ǣ –Š‡ ”‘‘– ‡ƒ •“—ƒ”‡ ‡””‘” ‘ˆ ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‹‘ ȋǢ —–Ǧ‘ˆˆ ζ͘Ǥ͘͝Ȍǡ –Š‡ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡ ˆ‹– ‹†‡š ȋ

(30) Ǣ η͘Ǥ͡͝Ȍǡ ƒ† –Š‡ — ‡” ‡™‹• ‹†‡š ȋ

(31) Ǣ η͘Ǥ͡͝Ǣ ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ͜͜ȌǤ Š‡•‡‹†‹ ƒ–‘”•ƒ”‡”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž›‹•‡•‹–‹˜‡–‘•ƒ’Ž‡•‹œ‡ƒ†ˆƒ˜‘”’ƒ”•‹‘‹‘—•‘†‡Ž•‘˜‡” ‘’Ž‡š‘‡•ȋ͜͜ȌǤ ‘ ˆ—”–Š‡” ‡š’Ž‘”‡ –Š‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –• ‘ˆ  ƒ† Ž‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–• ‘ ǡ ™‡ ‘†— –‡† ‹‡ Ž‘‰‹•–‹  ”‡‰”‡••‹‘ƒƒŽ›•‡•ǡ‡•–‹ƒ–‹‰–Š‡‹†‡’‡†‡–‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆƒ†Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‘–Š‡‘††• ‘ˆ Šƒ˜‹‰ ƒ •— ‡••ˆ—Ž –”ƒŒ‡ –‘”› ˆ‘” ‡ƒ Š •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ ‹†‹ ƒ–‘” ‘ˆ Ǥ  †—› ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ ‡š’”‡••‹‰™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‡”‡•’‘†‡–‡˜‡”Šƒ†ƒ’ƒ‹†Œ‘„™ƒ•ƒ††‡†‹‘”†‡”–‘”‡–ƒ‹–Š‘•‡ ™Š‘‡˜‡”Šƒ†ƒ’ƒ‹†Œ‘„‹–Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‡•Ǥ‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†”‡•—Ž–• ƒ„‡ˆ‘—†‹—’’Ž‡‡–ƒ”› ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǤ . Life events, socioeconomic position and successful aging | 103. 5.

(32)  ‹‰—”‡͚Ǥ‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ’ƒ–ŠƒƒŽ›•‹•ˆ‘”‡ȋγ͙ǡ͛͛͘Ȍƒ†™‘‡ȋγ͙ǡ͙͚͝ȌǤ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–•ˆ”‘ –‘Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ƒ”‡’”‘„‹– ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–•Ǥ‘†‡Ž‹•ƒ†Œ—•–‡†ˆ‘”„ƒ•‡Ž‹‡ƒ‰‡ǡƒ†‡ˆˆ‡ –•–Šƒ–™‡”‡‡“—ƒŽ ˆ‘”‡ƒ†™‘‡™‡”‡ƒ†Œ—•–‡†ˆ‘”‰‡†‡”Ǥȗ’ζǤ͘͝ǡȗȗ’ζǤ͙͘ǡȗȗȗ’ζǤ͙͘͘.  ‡•—Ž–• ‡• ”‹’–‹˜‡ƒŽ›•‡• Š‡‡ƒƒ‰‡™ƒ•͞͡Ǥ͘ȋγ͠Ǥ͝͡Ȍˆ‘”‡ƒ†͞͡Ǥ͜ȋγ͠Ǥ͝͞Ȍˆ‘”™‘‡ȋƒ„Ž‡͙ȌǤ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ǡ‡Šƒ†ƒŠ‹‰Š‡”—„‡”‘ˆ•— ‡••ˆ—Ž–”ƒŒ‡ –‘”‹‡•‘ˆˆ— –‹‘‹‰–Šƒ™‘‡ȋǦ ‹†‡š• ‘”‡ǣ͝Ǥ͞ǡγ͙Ǥ͜͠˜•Ǥ͝Ǥ͚ǡγ͙Ǥ͙͡ȌǤŠ‡’”‡˜ƒŽ‡ ‡‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•˜ƒ”‹‡†„‡–™‡‡ ͝Ǥ͜άˆ‘”‡’Ž‘›‡–ƒ†͛͠Ǥ͚άˆ‘”‹†‘™Š‘‘†Ǥ‡‘„•‡”˜‡†‰‡†‡”†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•‹–Š‡ ’”‡˜ƒŽ‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ƒ”‡–ƒŽ ”‘„Ž‡• ‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ǡ ‹†‘™Š‘‘†ǡ ‡’Ž‘›‡–ǡ ƒ†  —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹•ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ„‘—–͙͜Ǥ͝ά‘ˆ‡ƒ†͛͠Ǥ͛ά‘ˆ™‘‡‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†‘‡ǡƒ† ͝Ǥ͚ά ‘ˆ ‡ ƒ† ͜Ǥ͘ά ‘ˆ ™‘‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡† –Š”‡‡ ‘” ˆ‘—” ‘—– ‘ˆ •‡˜‡ Ž‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–•Ǥ  ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ǡ‡™Š‘”‡’‘”–‡†–Š”‡‡‘”ˆ‘—”Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•Šƒ†͙Ǥ͝•— ‡••ˆ—Ž–”ƒŒ‡ –‘”‹‡•Ž‡••–Šƒ ‡™Š‘”‡’‘”–‡†‘‡˜‡–•ǤŠ‹•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡™ƒ•ƒ„‘—–͙Ǥ͟ˆ‘”™‘‡Ǥ ‘–ƒŽˆˆ‡ –• ƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–‘–ƒŽ‡ˆˆ‡ –•ǡƒ†Œ—•–‡†ˆ‘”„ƒ•‡Ž‹‡ƒ‰‡‘Ž›‹•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡‘†‡Ž•ǡ•Š‘™‡†–Šƒ–ƒŽŽ Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‡š ‡’–ˆ‘”‡ƒ–Š‘ˆƒŠ‹Ž†Šƒ†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ȋƒ„Ž‡͚ȌǤƒ”‡–ƒŽŠƒ† ‘ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ‡ˆˆ‡ – ‘ ǡ ƒ† †—Ž–Š‘‘†  Šƒ† ƒ ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ – ‘ ǡ ™Š‹ Š ™ƒ• •–”‘‰‡”ˆ‘”™‘‡ȋ„γ͘Ǥ͚͡ǡ’ζǤ͙͘͘Ȍ–Šƒˆ‘”‡ȋ„γ͘Ǥ͙͞ǡ’ζ͘Ǥ͙͘ȌǤ   104 | Chapter 5.

(33) . . ƒ„Ž‡͙ǤŠƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •‘ˆ–Š‡•–—†›•ƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ‘Ž†‡”ƒ†—Ž–•ƒ‰‡†͝͝ƒ†‘˜‡”ǡ–Š‡‡–Š‡”Žƒ†•ǡ͙͚͡͡Ǧ͚͘͘͠  ‡ ‘‡ Ǧ‹†‡š• ‘”‡ ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ȋ‘„•‡”˜‡†”ƒ‰‡Ȍ  ȋγ͙ǡ͛͛͘Ȍ ȋγ͙ǡ͙͚͝Ȍ  ‡‘‡   ȋȌȀά ȋȌȀά ˆȌ ȋȌ ȋȌ ‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ •        ‰‡‹͙͚͡͡ ‘–‹—‘—•ȋ͝͝Ǧ͠͝Ȍ ͚͙͠͝ ͞͡Ǥ͘ȋ͠Ǥ͝͡Ȍ ͞͡Ǥ͜ȋ͠Ǥ͝͞Ȍ Ǥ͛͞   

(34) ͙͘Ǧ›‡ƒ”‰”‘—’• ͝͝Ǧ͞͝›‡ƒ”• ͟͝͝ ͛͝Ǥ͞ ͛͛Ǥ͞  ͞Ǥ͝ȋ͙Ǥ͟͝Ȍ ͞Ǥ͛ȋ͙Ǥ͞͠Ȍ  ͞͝Ǧ͟͝›‡ƒ”• ͚͟͜ ͚͛Ǥ͟ ͛͛Ǥ͝  ͝Ǥ͞ȋ͙Ǥ͜͠Ȍ ͝Ǥ͙ȋ͙Ǥ͚͠Ȍ  ͟͝Ǧ͠͝›‡ƒ”• ͘͟͞ ͙͛Ǥ͟ ͚͛Ǥ͡ Ǥ͘͞ ͜Ǥ͞ȋ͙Ǥ͝͡Ȍ ͜Ǥ͙ȋ͙Ǥ͜͝Ȍ — ‡••ˆ—Ž‰‹‰       — ‡••ˆ—Ž‰‹‰Ǧ‹†‡š• ‘”‡ȋ͘Ǧ͡ȌƒȌ ͚͙͠͝ ͝Ǥ͞ȋ͙Ǥ͜͠Ȍ ͝Ǥ͚ȋ͙Ǥ͙͡Ȍ ζǤ͙͘        ά‘ˆ”‡•’‘†‡–•™‹–Šƒ•— ‡••ˆ—Ž–”ƒŒ‡ –‘”›‹„Ȍ  — –‹‘ƒŽŽ‹‹–ƒ–‹‘• ͚͙͚͠ ͞͠Ǥ͜ ͛͝Ǥ͠ ζǤ͙͘   ‡ŽˆǦ”ƒ–‡†Š‡ƒŽ–Š ͚͙͠͝ ͘͟Ǥ͡ ͘͞Ǥ͙ ζǤ͙͘   ‘‰‹–‹˜‡ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ ͚͙͜͠ ͟͝Ǥ͞ ͚͟Ǥ͘ Ǥ͘͞   ‡’”‡••‹˜‡•›’–‘• ͚͙͛͠ ͘͟Ǥ͟ ͝͡Ǥ͜ ζǤ͙͘   ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‹‘™‹–Š‹ˆ‡ ͚͘͟͟ ͠͡Ǥ͜ ͠͝Ǥ͡ Ǥ͚͘   ‘ ‹ƒŽŽ‘‡Ž‹‡•• ͚͙͠͝ ͘͠Ǥ͚ ͟͞Ǥ͡ Ǥ͘͟   ‘–‹‘ƒŽ•—’’‘”–‰‹˜‡ ͚͙͠͝ ͞͠Ǥ͚ ͞͞Ǥ͚ Ǥ͛͜   

(35) •–”—‡–ƒŽ•—’’‘”–‰‹˜‡ ͚͙͠͝ ͛͜Ǥ͠ ͚͙Ǥ͠ ζǤ͙͘   ‘ ‹ƒŽƒ –‹˜‹–› ͚͙͛͟ ͙͠Ǥ͟ ͚͛Ǥ͝ Ǥ͙͘   ͚͙͠͝ Ǧ͘Ǥ͘͘ȋ͘Ǥ͟͡Ȍ ͘Ǥ͘͘ȋ͙Ǥ͚͘Ȍ Ǥ͡͠   ƒ”‡–ƒŽǣœǦ• ‘”‡ȋǦ͙Ǥ͙͛Ǧ͝Ǥ͛͝Ȍ Ȍ ƒ–Š‡”ǯ•‡†— ƒ–‹‘ ›‡ƒ”•ȋ͝Ǧ͙͠Ȍ ͚͙͠͝ ͟Ǥ͝ȋ͚Ǥ͜͠Ȍ ͟Ǥ͜ȋ͚Ǥ͙͡Ȍ Ǥ͙͜   ‘–Š‡”ǯ•‡†— ƒ–‹‘ ›‡ƒ”•ȋ͝Ǧ͙͠Ȍ ͚͙͠͝ ͞Ǥ͛ȋ͙Ǥ͚͟Ȍ ͞Ǥ͛ȋ͙Ǥ͜͠Ȍ Ǥ͛͡   ‘ —’Ǥ’”‡•–‹‰‡ ȋ͙͛Ǧ͚͠Ȍ ͚͙͠͝ ͛͞Ǥ͡ȋ͙͛Ǥ͚͜Ȍ ͛͟Ǥ͜ȋ͙͛Ǥ͞Ȍ Ǥ͛͡           ͚͙͠͝ ͘Ǥ͙͟ȋ͙Ǥ͙͘Ȍ Ǧ͘Ǥ͙͝ȋ͘Ǥ͟͡Ȍ ζǤ͙͘   †—Ž–Š‘‘†ǣœǦ• ‘”‡ȋǦ͙Ǥ͙͞Ǧ͛Ǥ͙͟Ȍ Ȍ †— ƒ–‹‘ ›‡ƒ”•ȋ͝Ǧ͙͠Ȍ ͚͙͠͝ ͡Ǥ͠ȋ͛Ǥ͛͡Ȍ ͠Ǥ͚ȋ͛Ǥ͘͜Ȍ ζǤ͙͘   ͚͙͟͡ ͠Ǥ͞ȋ͚Ǥ͞͝Ȍ ͡Ǥ͜ȋ͚Ǥ͟͞Ȍ ζǤ͙͘   ƒ”–‡”ǯ•‡†— ƒ–‹‘ ›‡ƒ”•ȋ͝Ǧ͙͠Ȍ†Ȍ ͙͡͝͞ ͙͜Ǥ͛ȋ͙͜Ǥ͛͠Ȍ ͚͛Ǥ͜ȋ͙͛Ǥ͚͛Ȍ ζǤ͙͘    —’Ǥ’”‡•–‹‰‡ ȋ͙͛Ǧ͚͠Ȍ‡Ȍ         ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•        ƒ”‡–ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡•‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ȋ͘Ǧ͙Ȍ ͚͙͚͛ ͞Ǥ͛ ͠Ǥ͡ Ǥ͛͘   ƒ”‡–ƒŽ†‡ƒ–Š‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ȋ͘Ǧ͙Ȍ ͚͙͘͝ ͙͜Ǥ͚ ͙͜Ǥ͘ Ǥ͜͡   ‹˜‘” ‡ȋ͘Ǧ͙Ȍ ͚͚͘͝ ͡Ǥ͠ ͠Ǥ͜ Ǥ͚͠   ‹†‘™Š‘‘†ȋ͘Ǧ͙Ȍ ͚͚͘͝ ͙͝Ǥ͘ ͛͠Ǥ͚ ζǤ͙͘   ͙͙͡͠ ͙͛Ǥ͛ ͝Ǥ͜ ζǤ͙͘   ‡’Ž‘›‡–ȋ͘Ǧ͙Ȍ‡Ȍ ͙͙͡͡ ͙͞Ǥ͠ ͟Ǥ͞ ζǤ͙͘    —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ†‹•ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ȋ͘Ǧ͙Ȍ‡Ȍ ‡ƒ–Š‘ˆƒ Š‹Ž†ȋ͘Ǧ͙Ȍ ͚͙͜͠ ͙͚Ǥ͛ ͙͙Ǥ͟ Ǥ͞͠   —„‡”‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ȋ͘Ǧ͜Ȍ ͚͙͙͝ ͘Ǥ͡ȋ͘Ǥ͘͡Ȍ ͘Ǥ͡ȋ͘Ǥ͠͝Ȍ Ǥ͙͝    ͘ ͟͠͝ ͙͜Ǥ͝ ͛͠Ǥ͛  ͞Ǥ͚ȋ͙Ǥ͞͡Ȍ ͝Ǥ͟ȋ͙Ǥ͟͟Ȍ  ͙ ͚͠͞ ͛͟Ǥ͙ ͛͡Ǥ͞  ͝Ǥ͝ȋ͙Ǥ͠͝Ȍ ͝Ǥ͘ȋ͙Ǥ͠͡Ȍ  ͚ ͛͘͟ ͙͞Ǥ͙ ͙͠Ǥ͙  ͝Ǥ͘ȋ͙Ǥ͛͠Ȍ ͜Ǥ͞ȋ͙Ǥ͛͠Ȍ  ͛‘”͜ ͡͠ ͝Ǥ͚ ͜Ǥ͘ Ǥ͙͝ ͜Ǥ͟ȋ͙Ǥ͘͡Ȍ ͜Ǥ͘ȋ͙Ǥ͡͡Ȍ         ƒȌ Š‡•—‘ˆ’‘•–‡”‹‘”’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•‘ˆŠƒ˜‹‰ƒǮ•— ‡••ˆ—Žǯ–”ƒŒ‡ –‘”›ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š‘ˆ–Š‡‹‡‹†‹ ƒ–‘”•‘ˆ — ‡••ˆ—Ž‰‹‰Ǥ ‘”‡•ˆ‘””‡•’‘†‡–•™‹–Š‡‹‰Š–˜ƒŽ‹†‹†‹ ƒ–‘”•ȋγ͙͚͞Ȍ™‡”‡”‡• ƒŽ‡†–‘͘Ǧ͡ „Ȍ ƒ•‡†‘†‹ Š‘–‘‘—•‹–‡•”‡ˆŽ‡ –‹‰„‡Ž‘‰‹‰–‘ƒǮ•— ‡••ˆ—Žǯ Žƒ••Ǥ ƒŽ‹†’‡”‹†‹ ƒ–‘”ƒ›˜ƒ”›•‹ ‡”‡•’‘†‡–•™‹–Š‘‡‹••‹‰‹†‹ ƒ–‘”™‡”‡‹ Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡•–—†›•ƒ’Ž‡Ǥ Ȍ ƒ–ƒ‘‘‡‘”‘”‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡•‹ Ž—†‡†‹’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ‘”ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†™ƒ•‹’—–‡†ˆ‘”γ͚͡͠”‡•’‘†‡–• †Ȍ ‘””‡•’‘†‡–•™Š‘‡˜‡”Šƒ†ƒ’ƒ”–‡”ȋγ͞Ȍǡ–Š‹•˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡™ƒ••‡––‘‹••‹‰ ‡Ȍ  ‘””‡•’‘†‡–•™Š‘‡˜‡”Šƒ†ƒ’ƒ‹†Œ‘„ȋγ͚͚͡Ȍǡ–Š‹•˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡™ƒ••‡––‘‹••‹‰ ˆȌ ’Ǧ˜ƒŽ—‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡„‡–™‡‡‡ƒ†™‘‡. Life events, socioeconomic position and successful aging | 105. 5.

(36) ƒ„Ž‡͚Ǥˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ƒ†‘–Š‡Ǧ‹†‡šˆ‘”‡ȋγ͙ǡ͛͛͘Ȍ ƒ†™‘‡ȋγ͙ǡ͙͚͝Ȍ  ‘–ƒŽ‡ˆˆ‡ –ƒȌ ‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –‹ˆ—ŽŽ‘†‡Ž ȋˆ‹‰—”‡͚Ȍ  ‡ ‘‡ ‡ ‘‡ „ȋǤǤȌ „ȋǤǤȌ „ȋǤǤȌ „ȋǤǤȌ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‹ˆ‡˜‡–•     ƒ”‡–ƒŽ”‘„Ž‡•ȋ͘Ǧ͙Ȍ„Ȍ ǦǤ͟͟ȋǤ͙͜Ȍȗȗȗ ǦǤ͙͛ȋǤ͘͟Ȍȗȗȗ ƒ”‡–ƒŽ‡ƒ–Šȋ͘Ǧ͙Ȍ ǦǤ͚͟ȋǤ͙͙Ȍȗ ǦǤ͙͛ȋǤ͘͞Ȍȗ    †—Ž–Š‘‘†‹ˆ‡˜‡–•     ‹˜‘” ‡ȋ͘Ǧ͙Ȍ ǦǤ͛͝ȋǤ͙͛Ȍȗȗȗ ǦǤ͛͟ȋǤ͘͠Ȍȗȗȗ ‹†‘™Š‘‘†ȋ͘Ǧ͙Ȍ ǦǤ͜͡ȋǤ͘͡Ȍȗȗȗ ǦǤ͙͛ȋǤ͘͟Ȍȗȗȗ ‡’Ž‘›‡–ȋ͘Ǧ͙Ȍ ǦǤ͛͜ȋǤ͙͛Ȍȗȗ ǦǤ͚͝ȋǤ͘͟Ȍȗȗȗ  —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹•ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ȋ͘Ǧ͙Ȍ ǦǤ͝͠ȋǤ͙͚Ȍȗȗȗ ǦǤ͚͛ȋǤ͘͞Ȍȗȗȗ ‡ƒ–Š‘ˆƒŠ‹Ž†ȋ͘Ǧ͙Ȍ Ǥ͙͙ȋǤ͙͙Ȍ Ǥ͘͠ȋǤ͘͞Ȍ         ƒ”‡–ƒŽȋǦ͙Ǥ͙͛Ǧ͝Ǥ͛͝Ȍ Ǥ͘͝ȋǤ͘͜Ȍ ǦǤ͘͟ȋǤ͘͝Ȍ †—Ž–Š‘‘†ȋǦ͙Ǥ͙͞Ǧ͛Ǥ͙͟Ȍ Ǥ͙͞ȋǤ͘͝Ȍȗȗ Ǥ͚͡ȋǤ͘͝Ȍȗȗȗ Ǥ͚͘ȋǤ͘͟Ȍȗȗ Ǥ͜͠ȋǤ͘͠Ȍȗȗȗ ‘†‡Žˆ‹–     ‡‰”‡‡•‘ˆˆ”‡‡†‘  ͞͠ Š‹Ǧ“—ƒ”‡  ͙͘͡Ǥ͛͜͝ȗȗȗ  ͘Ǥ͚͘͜ ȋ͘͡άǤ

(37) ǤȌ  ȋ͘Ǥ͙͘͝Ǧ͘Ǥ͚͛͘Ȍ 

(38)   ͘Ǥ͡͠ 

(39)   ͘Ǥ͡͞ ƒȌ †Œ—•–‡†ˆ‘”„ƒ•‡Ž‹‡ƒ‰‡‘Ž› „Ȍ —„‡”•‹’ƒ”‡–Š‡•‡•ƒ”‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡”ƒ‰‡• ȗ’ζǤ͘͝ǡȗȗ’ζǤ͙͘ǡȗȗȗ’ζǤ͙͘͘Ǥ. .  ‹ˆ‡Ǧ‘—”•‡‘†‡Žǣ ›’‘–Š‡•‹•͙ ‘†‡Ž ˆ‹– ‹†‹ ‡• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ˆ—ŽŽ ‘†‡Ž ȋƒ„Ž‡ ͚ ƒ† ‹‰—”‡ ͚Ȍ ‹†‹ ƒ–‡† ‰‘‘† ˆ‹– –‘ –Š‡ †ƒ–ƒ ȋγ͘Ǥ͚͘͜ǡ͘͡ά

(40) γ͘Ǥ͙͘͝Ȃ͘Ǥ͚͛͘Ǣ

(41) γ͘Ǥ͡͠Ǣ

(42) γ͘Ǥ͡͞ȌǤŠ‡ˆ‹”•–’ƒ”–‘ˆŠ›’‘–Š‡•‹•͙ ’”‡†‹ –‡†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‘ǤŠ‹•Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•™ƒ••—’’‘”–‡†ǡ‡š ‡’– ˆ‘”‡ƒ–Š‘ˆƒŠ‹Ž†ǤŠ‡‡•–‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‘‹†‹ ƒ–‡–Š‡ƒ„•‘Ž—–‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡‹Ǧ• ‘”‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‘•‡™‹–Šƒ†™‹–Š‘—––Š‡‡˜‡–Ǥ ‘”‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ”‡•’‘†‡–• ™Š‘”‡’‘”–‡†ƒ”‡–ƒŽ”‘„Ž‡•‹Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†Šƒ†‘ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡Ǥ͙͛•— ‡••ˆ—Ž–”ƒŒ‡ –‘”‹‡•Ž‡•• –Šƒ–Š‘•‡™Š‘†‹†‘–”‡’‘”––Š‹•‡˜‡–ȋ’ζǤ͙͘͘ȌǤ —”–Š‡”‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘™‡”‡ˆ‘—† ˆ‘”ƒ”‡–ƒŽ‡ƒ–Š‹Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ȋ„γί͘Ǥ͙͛ǡ’ζǤ͘͝Ȍǡ‹˜‘” ‡ȋ„γί͘Ǥ͛͟ǡ’ζǤ͙͘͘Ȍǡ‹†‘™Š‘‘† ȋ„ γ ί͘Ǥ͙͛ǡ ’ ζ Ǥ͙͘͘Ȍǡ ‡’Ž‘›‡– ȋ„ γ ί͘Ǥ͚͝ǡ ’ ζ Ǥ͙͘͘Ȍǡ ƒ†  —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹•ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ȋ„γί͘Ǥ͛͛ǡ’ζǤ͙͘͘ȌǤ Š‡•‡ ‘†’ƒ”–‘ˆŠ›’‘–Š‡•‹•͙‡š’‡ –‡†Š‹‰Š‡”’ƒ”‡–ƒŽƒ†ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†–‘†‡ ”‡ƒ•‡ –Š‡’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‹‰•–”‡••ˆ—ŽŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ƒ†ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†ǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡ ƒ†ƒ••— Š–‘‹†‹”‡ –Ž›ƒ†’‘•‹–‹˜‡Ž›ƒˆˆ‡ –Ǥ‘–”ƒ†‹ –‹‰–Š‡•‡‡š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘•ǡ™‡ˆ‘—† –Šƒ–”‡•’‘†‡–•™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‡”ƒ”‡–ƒŽ™‡”‡‘”‡Ž‹‡Ž›–‘Šƒ˜‡‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†ƒ”‡–ƒŽ ”‘„Ž‡•‹Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ȋ„γ͘Ǥ͙͛ǡ’ζǤ͙͘͘Ǣ’”‘„‹– ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–Ȍƒ†ƒ”‡–ƒŽ‡ƒ–Š‹Š‹Ž†Š‘‘† 106 | Chapter 5.

(43) ȋ‘Ž›‹‡ǣ„γ͘Ǥ͙͜ǡ’ζǤ͙͘Ǣ ‹‰—”‡͚ȌǤŠ‡‹†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆŠ‹‰Š‡”ƒ”‡–ƒŽ–Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡•‡Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‘™‡”‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†•–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ›•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–ȋ•‡‡ƒ„Ž‡͛ȌǤ  Ž•‘ ‘–”ƒ†‹ –‹‰Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•͙ǡ”‡•’‘†‡–•™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‡”†—Ž–Š‘‘†™‡”‡‘”‡Ž‹‡Ž›–‘ Šƒ˜‡‡˜‡”†‹˜‘” ‡†ȋ„γ͘Ǥ͙͡ǡ’ζǤ͙͘͘Ȍƒ†‘”‡Ž‹‡Ž›–‘Šƒ˜‡‡˜‡”„‡‡—‡’Ž‘›‡†ȋ™‘‡ ‘Ž›Ǣ„γ͘Ǥ͚͙ǡ’ζǤ͙͘ȌǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–‹‰‹†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ†—Ž–Š‘‘†‘™‡”‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ› •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–ƒ†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ȋ•‡‡ƒ„Ž‡͛ȌǤ—’’‘”–‹‰–Š‡Žƒ––‡”’ƒ”–‘ˆŠ›’‘–Š‡•‹•͙ǡ‘Ž†‡”ƒ†—Ž–• ™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‡”†—Ž–Š‘‘†™‡”‡Ž‡••Ž‹‡Ž›–‘Šƒ˜‡‡˜‡”„‡‡‘ —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ›†‹•ƒ„Ž‡†ȋ‡ ‘Ž›Ǣ„γί͘Ǥ͚͝ǡ’ζǤ͙͘͘Ȍ‘”–‘Šƒ˜‡‡˜‡”Ž‘•–ƒ Š‹Ž†ȋ‡ƒ†™‘‡‡“—ƒŽŽ›Ǣ„γί͘Ǥ͙͙ǡ’ζ Ǥ͘͝ȌǤ Š‡ ‹†‹”‡ – ‡ˆˆ‡ – ˆ”‘ †—Ž–Š‘‘†  –Š”‘—‰Š  —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹•ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘  ™ƒ• ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ǤŠ‡”‡™ƒ•‘•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ†—Ž–Š‘‘†–Š”‘—‰Š‡ƒ–Š‘ˆƒŠ‹Ž† ‘Ǥ  ‹ˆ‡Ǧ‘—”•‡‘†‡Žǣ ›’‘–Š‡•‹•͚ Š‡ˆ‹”•–’ƒ”–‘ˆŠ›’‘–Š‡•‹•͚‡š’‡ –‡†ƒ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‹†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‡˜‡–•‘ǡ –Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡‹”‡š’‡ –‡†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘†—Ž–Š‘‘†Ǥ

(44) •—’’‘”– ‘ˆ–Š‹• Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•ǡ ƒ”‡–ƒŽ‡ƒ–Š‹Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›ƒˆˆ‡ –‡††—Ž–Š‘‘†ȋ„γί͘Ǥ͘͞ǡ’ζǤ͘͝Ȍǡƒ†–Š‡ ‹†‹”‡ – ‡ˆˆ‡ – ‘ˆ –Š‹• ‡˜‡– ˜‹ƒ †—Ž–Š‘‘†  ‘  ™ƒ• •–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ› •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ƒ† ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‡ˆ‘—†‘•—’’‘”–ˆ‘”–Š‡•‡ ‘†’ƒ”–‘ˆŠ›’‘–Š‡•‹•͚ǡ•–ƒ–‹‰ƒ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‹†‹”‡ – ‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆƒ”‡–ƒŽ”‘„Ž‡•‹Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‘ǡ–Š”‘—‰Š‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š‡Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†‘ˆ‹˜‘” ‡Ǥ Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆƒ”‡–ƒŽ”‘„Ž‡•‘‹˜‘” ‡™ƒ•’‘•‹–‹˜‡ǡ„—–‘–•–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ›•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–ȋ„γ ͘Ǥ͙͛ǡ’ηǤ͘͝ȌǤ ‡ƒŽ•‘–‡•–‡†™Š‡–Š‡”–Š”‡‡Ǧ’ƒ”–‹†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –•‹˜‘Ž˜‹‰ƒ”‡–ƒŽǡ†—Ž–Š‘‘†ǡ ƒ†Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•™‡”‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ›•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–ǤŠ‹•™ƒ•–Š‡ ƒ•‡ˆ‘”–Š”‡‡‘ˆ•— Š’ƒ–Š™ƒ›•Ǥ Š‡ ’ƒ–Š™ƒ› ˆ”‘ ƒ”‡–ƒŽ  ˜‹ƒ †—Ž–Š‘‘†  ˜‹ƒ ‹˜‘” ‡ ‘  ™ƒ• ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ȋ„ γ ί͘Ǥ͘͜ǡ

(45) γί͘Ǥ͘͟–‘ί͘Ǥ͚͘ȌǤƒ”‡–ƒŽƒŽ•‘‹†‹”‡ –Ž›ƒơ‡ –‡†–Š”‘—‰Š†—Ž–Š‘‘† ƒ† ‡’Ž‘›‡– ȋ„ γ ί͘Ǥ͛͘ǡ 

(46)  γ ί͘Ǥ͘͞ –‘ ί͘Ǥ͙͘Ȍ ƒ† –Š”‘—‰Š †—Ž–Š‘‘†  ƒ†  —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹•ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ȋ„γ͘Ǥ͘͝ǡ

(47) γ͘Ǥ͚͘Ȃ͘Ǥ͘͠Ǣƒ„Ž‡͛ȌǤ  ‹ˆ‡Ǧ‘—”•‡‘†‡Žǣ ›’‘–Š‡•‹•͛ Š‡ˆ‹”•–’ƒ”–‘ˆŠ›’‘–Š‡•‹•͛•–ƒ–‡†’‘•‹–‹˜‡†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆƒ”‡–ƒŽƒ††—Ž–Š‘‘† ‘Ǥ

(48) –Š‡ˆ—ŽŽ‘†‡Žǡ™‡ˆ‘—†‘•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆƒ”‡–ƒŽ‘ƒ† ƒ’‘•‹–‹˜‡†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ†—Ž–Š‘‘†‘ȋ„γ͘Ǥ͜͡ǡ’ζǤ͙͘͘ˆ‘”™‘‡Ǣ„γ͘Ǥ͚͘ǡ’ζǤ͙͘ ˆ‘”‡Ǣƒ„Ž‡͚ƒ† ‹‰—”‡͚ȌǤŠ‡•‡”‡•—Ž–••—’’‘”–Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•͛‘Ž›ˆ‘”†—Ž–Š‘‘†Ǥ    Life events, socioeconomic position and successful aging | 107. 5.

(49) ƒ„Ž‡͛Ǥ–ƒ–‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ›•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –•ˆ‘”‡ȋγ͙͛͛͘Ȍƒ†™‘‡ȋγ͙͙͚͝Ȍ  ‡ ‘‡  „ƒȌ ͘͡άǤ

(50) Ǥ„Ȍ „ƒȌ ͘͡άǤ

(51) Ǥ„Ȍ

(52) †‹”‡ –ƒ–Šˆ”‘ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‡˜‡–•–‘Ǧ‹†‡š  ƒ”‡–ƒŽ‡ƒ–Š˜‹ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘† ǦǤ͙͘ ǦǤ͛͘–‘ǦǤ͘͘ ǦǤ͛͘ ǦǤ͘͞–‘ǦǤ͙͘   

(53) †‹”‡ –ƒ–Š•ˆ”‘ƒ”‡–ƒŽ–‘Ǧ‹†‡š  ‹ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘† Ǥ͙͚ Ǥ͘͝–‘Ǥ͙͡ Ǥ͚͡ Ǥ͚͙–‘Ǥ͛͟ ‹ƒƒ”‡–ƒŽ”‘„Ž‡•‹Š‹Ž†Š‘‘† ǦǤ͘͜ ǦǤ͘͞–‘ǦǤ͚͘ ǦǤ͘͜ ǦǤ͘͞–‘ǦǤ͚͘ ‹ƒƒ”‡–ƒŽ‡ƒ–Š‹Š‹Ž†Š‘‘† ǦǤ͚͘ ǦǤ͘͜–‘ǦǤ͘͘  •      Š”‡‡Ǧ’ƒ”–’ƒ–Š™ƒ›•ˆ”‘ƒ”‡–ƒŽ–‘Ǧ‹†‡š   ‹ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†ƒ†‹˜‘” ‡ ǦǤ͘͜ ǦǤ͘͟–‘ǦǤ͚͘ ǦǤ͘͜ ǦǤ͘͟–‘ǦǤ͚͘ ‹ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†ƒ†‡’Ž‘›‡–  • ǦǤ͛͘ ǦǤ͘͞–‘ǦǤ͙͘ ‹ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†ƒ† —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹•ƒ„‹Ž‹–› Ǥ͘͝ Ǥ͚͘–‘Ǥ͘͠  •   

(54) †‹”‡ –ƒ–Š•ˆ”‘†—Ž–Š‘‘†–‘Ǧ‹†‡š  ‹ƒ‹˜‘” ‡ ǦǤ͘͟ ǦǤ͙͙–‘ǦǤ͛͘ ǦǤ͘͟ ǦǤ͙͙–‘ǦǤ͛͘ ‹ƒ‡’Ž‘›‡–  • ǦǤ͘͝ ǦǤ͘͡–‘ǦǤ͙͘ ‹ƒ —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹•ƒ„‹Ž‹–› Ǥ͘͠ Ǥ͘͜–‘Ǥ͙͛  • ƒȌ ”‘„‹– ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–ǡ‡š ‡’–ˆ‘”‹†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ˜‹ƒƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†‘ ȋ™Š‹ Š‹•‡š’”‡••‡†ƒ•ƒŽ‹‡ƒ””‡‰”‡••‹‘ ‘‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–Ȍ „Ȍ ƒ•‡†‘͙ǡ͘͘͘„‘‘–•–”ƒ’†”ƒ™•Ǥ•γ‘–•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–.  Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ†—Ž–Š‘‘†‘‹–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽ‘†‡Ž‹ Ž—†‹‰Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•™ƒ••–”‘‰‡”–Šƒ –Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –™‹–Š‘—–ƒ†Œ—•–‹‰ˆ‘”Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ǤŠ‹••—‰‰‡•–••—’’”‡••‘”‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‘ –Š‡ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ †—Ž–Š‘‘†  ƒ† Ǥ ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ ƒƒŽ›•‡• •Š‘™‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž›•ƒŽŽ‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‹„›ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†‹–Š‡—ƒ†Œ—•–‡†‘†‡Ž™‡”‡†—‡–‘ƒ Š‹‰Š‡”‡š’‘•—”‡–‘‹˜‘” ‡ƒ†‡’Ž‘›‡–‹‘Ž†‡”ƒ†—Ž–•™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‡”ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‡Žƒ––‡”’ƒ”–‘ˆŠ›’‘–Š‡•‹•͛•–ƒ–‹‰ƒ’‘•‹–‹˜‡‹†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆƒ”‡–ƒŽ‘ –Š”‘—‰Š†—Ž–Š‘‘†™ƒ••—’’‘”–‡†ȋ„γ͘Ǥ͙͚ǡ

(55) γ͘Ǥ͘͝Ȃ͘Ǥ͙͡ˆ‘”‡Ǣ„γ͘Ǥ͚͡ǡ

(56) γ͘Ǥ͚͙Ȃ ͘Ǥ͛͟ˆ‘”™‘‡Ǣƒ„Ž‡͛ȌǤ  ‡•‹–‹˜‹–›ƒŽ›•‡•

(57) •‡•‹–‹˜‹–›ƒƒŽ›•‡•‘•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡‹†‹ ƒ–‘”•ǡ™‡ˆ‘—†–Šƒ–ƒŽŽŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•™‡”‡ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Šƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–‘‡‹†‹ ƒ–‘”‘ˆƒ†–Šƒ–‡ƒ Š•‹‰Ž‡‹†‹ ƒ–‘”‘ˆ™ƒ•ƒˆˆ‡ –‡†„›ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•– ‘‡ Ž‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–Ǥ ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ ™‹†‘™Š‘‘† ™ƒ• ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š Ž‘™‡” ‘††• ‘ˆ Šƒ˜‹‰ ƒ •— ‡••ˆ—Ž–”ƒŒ‡ –‘”›‹ˆ‹˜‡‘—–‘ˆ‹‡‹†‹ ƒ–‘”•‘ˆȋ‘††•”ƒ–‹‘•ƒ‘‰‹†‹ ƒ–‘”• ˜ƒ”‹‡†„‡–™‡‡ ͘Ǥ͙͟ ƒ† ͘Ǥ͟͜Ȍǡ ƒ† †‡’”‡••‹˜‡•›’–‘• ƒ† ‹•–”—‡–ƒŽ •—’’‘”– ‰‹˜‡ ™‡”‡ƒˆˆ‡ –‡†„›ˆ‘—”‘—–‘ˆ•‡˜‡‹ Ž—†‡†Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•Ǥ

(58) ‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•„›†—Ž–Š‘‘†™‡”‡ ’”‡•‡–‹•‹š‘—–‘ˆ‹‡‹†‹ ƒ–‘”•‘ˆǡƒ†Žƒ”‰‡•–‹ ‘‰‹–‹˜‡ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ƒ†‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ •—’’‘”–‰‹˜‡Ǥ‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†”‡•—Ž–• ƒ„‡ˆ‘—†‹–Š‡•—’’Ž‡‡–‘ˆ–Š‹• Šƒ’–‡”Ǥ   108 | Chapter 5.

(59) ‹• —••‹‘ Š‹••–—†›™ƒ•–Š‡ˆ‹”•––‘‡šƒ‹‡–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡ –•‘ˆ•–”‡••ˆ—ŽŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ƒ†‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘† ƒ† ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘† ‘ ƒ Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ ƒ† —Ž–‹†‹‡•‹‘ƒŽ ‡ƒ•—”‡‡– ‘ˆ ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ †‹•‡–ƒ‰Ž‹‰Š‘™–Š‡•‡•‘ ‹ƒŽƒ†‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽˆƒ –‘”•ƒ›•Šƒ’‡‘‡ƒ‘–Š‡”Ǥ‘–”‹„—–‹‰ –‘–Š‡•–ƒ–‡Ǧ‘ˆǦ–Š‡Ǧƒ”–Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡‘ǡ•‘ ‹ƒŽ•–”‡••ǡƒ†Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ǡ‘—”•–—†››‹‡Ž†‡†–™‘ ’”‹ ‹’ƒŽˆ‹†‹‰•Ǥ ‹”•–ǡ ™‡ ‘„•‡”˜‡† –Šƒ– •‹š ‘—– ‘ˆ •‡˜‡ ‹ Ž—†‡† Ž‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–• Šƒ† ƒ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ – ‘ Ǥ š’‡”‹‡ ‹‰—Ž–‹’Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡‡˜‡–•ƒ›•—„•–ƒ–‹ƒŽŽ›ƒˆˆ‡ ––Š‡‡š–‡––‘™Š‹ Š‘‡ƒ‰‡• •— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ›Ǥ–”‹‹‰™ƒ•–Š‡‘„•‡”˜‡†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡•‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‘ ǡ ‘ˆ‹”‹‰–Šƒ–‡˜‡‡ƒ”Ž›ǦŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•ƒ›‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡–”ƒŒ‡ –‘”‹‡•‘ˆˆ— –‹‘‹‰•‡˜‡”ƒŽ †‡ ƒ†‡• Žƒ–‡”Ǥ ‡ ‘†ǡ ™‡ ˆ‘—† ‡˜‹†‡ ‡ –Šƒ– „‘–Š ‡ƒ”Ž› ƒ† Žƒ–‡”ǦŽ‹ˆ‡ •‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹  ‘†‹–‹‘• ’ƒ”–Ž› •Šƒ’‡ǡ ƒŽ„‡‹––Š”‘—‰Š ‘’Ž‡š ƒ† ’ƒ”–Ž› —‡š’‡ –‡† ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›•Ǥ ‡ ˆ‘—† –Šƒ– „‘–Š Ž‘™‡” ƒ† Š‹‰Š‡”  ™‡”‡ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š Š‹‰Š‡” ”‹•• ‘ˆ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‹‰ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” Ž‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–•Ǥ Š‘•‡ ™‹–Š Ž‘™‡” ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†  ™‡”‡ ‘”‡ ‘ˆ–‡ ‘ˆ”‘–‡† ™‹–Š ‘ —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ†‹•ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡ„—––Š‘•‡™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‡”’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ‘”ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†™‡”‡‘”‡Ž‹‡Ž›–‘ Šƒ˜‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡† ˆƒ‹Ž› †‹•”—’–‹‘ ‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ǡ †‹˜‘” ‡ǡ ƒ† —‡’Ž‘›‡–Ǥ ‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž› —’”‡ ‡†‡–‡†‹–Š‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡‘ǡ‘—”ƒƒŽ›•‡•‘ˆ‹†‹”‡ –‡ˆˆ‡ –•†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡†–Šƒ– ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š Š‹‰Š‡”  ”‡ƒ‹‡† ƒ ”‘„—•– ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ’”‡†‹ –‘” ‘ˆ ǡ ‹– ƒ› ƒŽ•‘ „”‹‰ ƒŽ‘‰ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”†‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•Ǥ ƒ‡–‘‰‡–Š‡”ǡ‘—””‡•—Ž–•†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‹–•–‘–Š‡‡š–‡––Šƒ–‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ƒ”‡ ƒ’ƒ„Ž‡ ‘ˆ †‡–‡”‹‹‰ –Š‡‹” Šƒ ‡• –‘ ƒ‰‡ •— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ›Ǥ ‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡† •‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹  ‘†‹–‹‘• ‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘† ƒ† •–”‡••ˆ—Ž ‡˜‡–• •— Š ƒ• ’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ†‹˜‘” ‡ ƒ† ™‹†‘™Š‘‘† ƒ”‡ ˆƒ –‘”•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡Žƒ”‰‡Ž›— ‘–”‘ŽŽƒ„Ž‡„›ƒ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽǤŠ‹• ƒŽŽ•ˆ‘”‘”‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‘–Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ ‘–”‘ŽŽƒ„Ž‡˜‡”•—•— ‘–”‘ŽŽƒ„Ž‡ˆƒ –‘”•ˆ‘”Ǥ— Š•–—†‹‡•ƒ› ’”‘˜‹†‡‹†‹ ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ™Š‹ Š’‘Ž‹ ‹‡•‘”‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘•ƒ”‡‘•–Ž‹‡Ž›–‘•— ‡‡†Ǥ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ ‘—”ˆ‹†‹‰•‹†‹ ƒ–‡–Šƒ–•‘‡‡ˆˆ‘”–•–‘‹ ”‡ƒ•‡‹–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•Š‘—Ž†ˆ‘ —•‘Š‘™ ȋ‘Ž†‡”Ȍƒ†—Ž–• ƒ„—‹Ž†”‡•‹Ž‹‡ ‡–‘™ƒ”†–Š‡•‘‡–‹‡•‹‡˜‹–ƒ„Ž‡•–”‡••ˆ—Ž‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•ƒ† ‘†‹–‹‘•‹Ž‹ˆ‡ȋ͜͟ȌǤ —‹Ž†‹‰‘•‘ ‹ƒŽ•–”‡••–Š‡‘”›ǡ‘—”•–—†›ƒŽ•‘ ‘–”‹„—–‡•–‘‘™‡ƒ†ƒŠǯ•ȋ͚Ȍ”‡ ‡– ƒŽŽ –‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡Š‘™•‘ ‹ƒŽ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•ƒ›•Šƒ’‡‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•‘”„ƒ””‹‡”•–‘Ǥ‡’”‘˜‹†‡ •–”‹‹‰ ‡šƒ’Ž‡• ‘ˆ Š‘™ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ •–”‡•• ‡š’‘•—”‡ ƒ „‡ •Šƒ’‡† „› ‘Š‘”–Ǧ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹  ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽƒ””ƒ‰‡‡–•ƒ†‘”•ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ‘ ‡”‹‰‰‡†‡””‘Ž‡•Ȍ–Šƒ–ƒ”‡Ž‹‡†–‘Ǥ ‹”•–ǡ‹Ž‹‡™‹–Š’”‡˜‹‘—••–—†‹‡•ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ͚͙Ȍǡ™‡ˆ‘—†ƒŠ‹‰Š‡”’”‡˜ƒŽ‡ ‡‘ˆ†‹˜‘” ‡™‹–Š Š‹‰Š‡”ǤŠ‹• ƒ„‡‡š’Žƒ‹‡†„›–Š‡‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘–Šƒ–†‡ ƒ†‡•ƒ‰‘ǡ ‘—’Ž‡•™‹–Š‘”‡ —Ž–—”ƒŽƒ†‡ ‘‘‹ ”‡•‘—” ‡• ‘—Ž†„‡––‡”ƒˆˆ‘”†–‘„”‡ƒ’”‡˜ƒ‹Ž‹‰•‘ ‹ƒŽ‘”•ƒ‰ƒ‹•– †‹˜‘” ‡–Šƒ ‘—’Ž‡•™‹–ŠŽ‡••”‡•‘—” ‡•ȋ ‘‘†‡ǡ͙͚͡͞ǡ ‹”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡͚͘ȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ†—‡–‘ Šƒ‰‡•‹Ž‡‰ƒŽƒ†‘”ƒ–‹˜‡„ƒ””‹‡”•ƒ‰ƒ‹•–†‹˜‘” ‡ǡ–Š‡•‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆ †‹˜‘” ‡Šƒ••Š‹ˆ–‡†–‘„‡‹‰‘”‡’”‡˜ƒŽ‡–™‹–ŠŽ‘™‡”ȋ͚͘ȌǤ. Life events, socioeconomic position and successful aging | 109. 5.

(60) ‡ ‘†ǡ‘—”ˆ‹†‹‰–Šƒ–™‘‡™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‡”‡†— ƒ–‹‘™‡”‡‘”‡‘ˆ–‡—‡’Ž‘›‡† ƒ ƒŽ•‘„‡Ž‹‡†–‘‘”•–Šƒ–Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ Šƒ‰‹‰†—”‹‰–Š‡’”‡˜‹‘—•†‡ ƒ†‡•Ǥ

(61) –Š‡͙͘͡͝•ǡ Š‹‰Š‡”‡†— ƒ–‡†™‘‡™‡”‡— Š‘”‡Ž‹‡Ž›–ŠƒŽ‘™‡”‡†— ƒ–‡†™‘‡–‘ ‘„‹‡ ƒ””‹ƒ‰‡ǡ ‘–Š‡”Š‘‘†ǡ ƒ† ‡’Ž‘›‡– ƒ‰ƒ‹•– –Š‡ ’”‡˜ƒ‹Ž‹‰ ‰‡†‡” ‘”• ȋ͜͠ȌǤ ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ–Š‡‹”Ž‘‰‡”’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‹’ƒ‹†Žƒ„‘”‹‰Š–Šƒ˜‡ƒ†‡–Š‡‘”‡Ž‹‡Ž›–‘ Šƒ˜‡‡˜‡”„‡‡–‡’‘”ƒ”‹Ž›—‡’Ž‘›‡†ǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”•‘ ‹ƒŽ‘”•ƒ†‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ””ƒ‰‡‡–• ƒ›–Š—• Šƒ˜‡ Šƒ‰‡†ǡ ‘—” ”‡•—Ž–• —”‰‡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”• ƒ† ’‘Ž‹ › ƒ‡”• –‘ ƒƒŽ›œ‡Š‘™ ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›•‘ ‹‡–ƒŽ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–•ƒˆˆ‡ ––Š‡’ƒ––‡”‹‰‘ˆ„›‰‡†‡”ƒ† Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ™Š‹Ž‡’Žƒ›‹‰ƒ‹‘””‘Ž‡‹‘—”ƒƒŽ›•‡•ǡ–Š‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡ –‘ˆ–Š‡†‡ƒ–Š‘ˆƒ’ƒ”‡– ‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘† ‘ ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†  ȋƒˆ–‡” ƒ†Œ—•–‡– ˆ‘” ’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ Ȍ •—‰‰‡•–• –Šƒ– •‘ ‹ƒŽ •‡Ž‡ –‹‘Š›’‘–Š‡•‡••Š‘—Ž†„‡–ƒ‡‹–‘ƒ ‘—–‹Ž‹ˆ‡Ǧ ‘—”•‡•–—†‹‡•‘ˆǤ  ‹‹–ƒ–‹‘• —„‡”‘ˆŽ‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡•‡–•–—†›•Š‘—Ž†„‡†‹• —••‡†Ǥ ‹”•–ǡ™‡ ‘—Ž†‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡ ‘Ž›ƒŽ‹‹–‡†•‡Ž‡ –‹‘‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•Ǥ‡†‹†‘–‹ Ž—†‡Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–••— Šƒ• Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ƒ„—•‡ǡ ’Š›•‹ ƒŽƒ••ƒ—Ž–ǡ‘”†‹• ”‹‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ™Š‹ Š‹‰Š–ƒŽ•‘‹’ƒ –‘ƒ†„‡‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡†„›Ǥ ‹•”‡‰ƒ”†‘ˆ•— Š‡˜‡–•™ƒ•‡‹–Š‡” ƒ—•‡†„›—ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ†ƒ–ƒ‘”˜‡”›Ž‘™’”‡˜ƒŽ‡ ‡Ǥ ‡ ‘†ǡ ”‡–”‘•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž› ”‡’‘”–‡† Ž‹ˆ‡ ‡˜‡–• ƒ› •—ˆˆ‡” ˆ”‘ ”‡ ƒŽŽ „‹ƒ•Ǥ ’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡ ‘„•‡”˜‡†‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‡”‹‰Š–„‡’ƒ”–Ž›†—‡ –‘„‡––‡””‡ ƒŽŽ‹”‡•’‘†‡–•™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‡”Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‘•–‡˜‡–•‹ Ž—†‡†‹‘—”•–—†› ƒ”‡”ƒ–Š‡”•‡˜‡”‡‘‡•ǡ™Š‹ Šƒ›Šƒ˜‡‹‹‹œ‡†’”‘„Ž‡•™‹–Š”‡ ƒŽŽǤ˜‹†‡ ‡ˆ”‘ƒ ’”‡˜‹‘—• •–—†› ƒŽ•‘ •Š‘™• ‘  †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡• ‹ ”‡ ƒŽŽ ‘ˆ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘† ‹” —•–ƒ ‡• ȋ͜͡ȌǤ ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••ǡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒŽ ”‡ ƒŽŽ „‹ƒ• „›  ƒ‘– „‡ ”—Ž‡† ‘—– ƒ† ƒ› ’‡”Šƒ’• ’ƒ”–Ž› ƒ ‘—–ˆ‘”’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”ˆ‹†‹‰•ˆ”‘‘—”•–—†›ˆ‘”™Š‹ Š–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡’”‘˜‹†‡•ˆ‡™ ‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘•ǡˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡƒŠ‹‰Š‡”‡š’‘•—”‡–‘’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ†‡ƒ–Š‹‡™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š‡”’ƒ”‡–ƒŽ Ǥ Š‹”†ǡ–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–—ƒŽƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‡ƒ•—”‹‰Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽŽ›”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ ”‘••Ǧ•‡ –‹‘ƒŽŽ› ™ƒ• ƒ––ƒ‹‡† ƒ– –Š‡ ‘•– ‘ˆ •ƒ’Ž‡ ƒ––”‹–‹‘Ǥ ‡•’‘†‡–• ™Š‘ ™‡”‡ ‡š Ž—†‡† ˆ”‘ ‘—” •ƒ’Ž‡™‡”‡”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž›‘Ž†ƒ†Šƒ†Ž‘™‡”Š‡ƒŽ–Šƒ†‡†— ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡›†‹†‘–†‹ˆˆ‡” •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž› ‹ ‘ —’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ’”‡•–‹‰‡ ȋ͙͛ȌǤ ††‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ •‡Ž‡ –‹˜‡ ƒ––”‹–‹‘ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ •ƒ’Ž‡™ƒ•‹‹‹œ‡†–Š”‘—‰Š—•‹‰–Š‡ƒš‹—Ž‹‡Ž‹Š‘‘†’”‘ ‡†—”‡‹‡•–‹ƒ–‹‰–Š‡ –”ƒŒ‡ –‘”‹‡•‘ˆǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ™‡†‘‘–‡š’‡ –•‡˜‡”‡Ž›„‹ƒ•‡† ‘ Ž—•‹‘•Ǥ •ƒˆ‹ƒŽŽ‹‹–ƒ–‹‘ǡ™‡‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡–Šƒ––Š‡‡š–‡––‘™Š‹ Š‘—”†ƒ–ƒƒŽŽ‘™ ƒ—•ƒŽ‹ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‹• Ž‹‹–‡†Ǥ —” ‘ Ž—•‹‘• ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ Dz•‘ ‹ƒŽ ƒ—•ƒ–‹‘dz ƒ† Dz•‘ ‹ƒŽ •‡Ž‡ –‹‘dz –Š—• ƒ”‡ –‡–ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ . 110 | Chapter 5.

(62) ‘ Ž—•‹‘ ‡•’‘†‹‰–‘–Š‡‡™†‹”‡ –‹‘•ˆ‘””‡•‡ƒ” Š‘’”‘˜‹†‡†„›‘™‡ƒ†ƒŠȋ͚Ȍǡ‘—” •–—†›Šƒ•ƒ†˜ƒ ‡†—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆŠ‘™•‘ ‹ƒŽˆƒ –‘”•ƒ†‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•ƒ ”‘•• –Š‡Ž‹ˆ‡ ‘—”•‡‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡Ǥ‡•Š‘™‡†–Šƒ–‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•–‘ƒ‰‡•— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ›ƒ”‡ ’ƒ”–Ž›•Šƒ’‡†„›•–”‡••ˆ—ŽŽ‹ˆ‡‡˜‡–•‹ Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ƒ†ƒ†—Ž–Š‘‘†ƒ†–Šƒ–•— Š‡˜‡–•ƒ› „‡’ƒ”–Ž›–”‹‰‰‡”‡†„›•‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹  ‘†‹–‹‘•Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ™‡†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡†–Šƒ–‡ƒ Š •‘ ‹‘‡ ‘‘‹  ‘–‡š–ǡ–Š‡ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡†ƒ†–Š‡†‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡†ǡƒ›„”‹‰ƒŽ‘‰ƒŠ‹‰Š‡” ”‹• ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” •–”‡••‘”• –Šƒ– ‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡ Ǥ —” ”‡•—Ž–• ƒŽ•‘ •—‰‰‡•– –Šƒ– –Š‡ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ’ƒ––‡”‹‰‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”•–”‡••ˆ—ŽŽ‹ˆ‡‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•ƒ›„‡†”‹˜‡„› ‘Š‘”–Ǧ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹  —Ž–—”ƒŽ ƒ† ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ””ƒ‰‡‡–• –Šƒ– •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡† ‹ ”‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ ’‘Ž‹ ›ǡ ƒ† ‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘•ˆ‘ —•‹‰‘‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‹Ǥ . .   . 5. . Life events, socioeconomic position and successful aging | 111.

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