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Speech recognition in cochlear implant users

Kaandorp, M.W.

2018

document version

Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Link to publication in VU Research Portal

citation for published version (APA)

Kaandorp, M. W. (2018). Speech recognition in cochlear implant users: Outcome measures and the role of

linguistic skills.

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0DQ\ SRVWOLQJXDOO\ GHDIHQHG SHUVRQV ZKR UHFHLYH D FRFKOHDU LPSODQW &, DFKLHYH UHDVRQDEO\JRRGVSHHFKUHFRJQLWLRQDELOLWLHVLQTXLHW+RZHYHUWKHUHVWLOOLVDODUJHUDQJHRI VSHHFKUHFRJQLWLRQSHUIRUPDQFHLQTXLHWDQGHYHQPRUHLQQRLVH$EHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJ of the underlying factors that explain this wide range of performance is needed to improve SUHRSHUDWLYH&,FRXQVHOOLQJDQGWRRSWLPL]HXVHUVSHFLÀFUHKDELOLWDWLRQSURJUDPV,QWKLV WKHVLVDXGLWRU\OLQJXLVWLFFRJQLWLYHDQGELRPHGLFDOIDFWRUVWKDWSRWHQWLDOO\DරHFWVSHHFK recognition were distinguished. An increasing interest has emerged in non-auditory factors, OLNHZRUNLQJPHPRU\FDSDFLW\DQGOLQJXLVWLFVNLOOVZKLFKLQÁXHQFHVSHHFKUHFRJQLWLRQLQ FKDOOHQJLQJFRQGLWLRQV+RZHYHUWKHQXPEHURIVWXGLHVRQWKHHරHFWRIWKHVHIDFWRUVRQ &,SHUIRUPDQFHDOWKRXJKLQFUHDVLQJLVVWLOOOLPLWHG7KLVWKHVLVIRFXVHGRQWKHUHODWLRQV between clinically applicable linguistic measures and speech-recognition performance ZLWK&,%HFDXVHZRUGVDUHWKHSULPDU\PHDQLQJEHDULQJHOHPHQWVRIODQJXDJHOH[LFDO access ability and vocabulary size were used as measures of linguistic abilities. As these studies are focused on people with limited auditory abilities, there is a need for a speech-recognition test which is applicable over a wide range of auditory capabilities. Additionally, linguistic abilities need to be tested such that the results are not limited by poor auditory SHUIRUPDQFH7KHÀUVWFKDSWHUVRIWKLVWKHVLVDUHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHVHOHFWLRQRIWHVWVWKDW DUHDSSOLFDEOHWR&,XVHUV

7KHJRDORIWKHVWXG\GHVFULEHGLQ&KDSWHUZDVWRLQYHVWLJDWHWKHIHDVLELOLW\UHOLDELOLW\ DQGYDOLGLW\RIWKHUHFHQWO\GHYHORSHG'LJLWVLQ1RLVHWHVW',1IRUPHDVXULQJVSHHFK UHFRJQLWLRQSHUIRUPDQFHLQ&,XVHUVDQGKHDULQJDLGXVHUV7KH',1WHVWZDVGHVLJQHGWR measure speech-in-noise recognition ability comparable to the Sentences in Noise test 6,1EXWZLWKOHVVGHPDQGRQOLQJXLVWLFDQGFRJQLWLYHVNLOOV7KHUHVXOWVVKRZHGWKDWWKH ',1WHVWZDVIHDVLEOHIRUPRUHSDUWLFLSDQWVWKDQWKH6,1WHVW7KH',1WHVWDOVRVKRZHG KLJKUHOLDELOLW\DQGDVPDOOPHDVXUHPHQWHUURUDVFRPSDUHGWRWKH6,1WHVW2YHUDOOWKH',1 DQG6,1WHVWVZHUHKLJKO\FRUUHODWHG7KHUHVXOWVRIWKLVVWXG\LQIRUPHGWKDWFXUUHQWFOLQLFDO PHDVXUHVDUHQRWDOZD\VVXLWDEOHIRUPHDVXULQJ&,RXWFRPH,QDOOIROORZLQJVWXGLHVWKH',1 test was added to the standard test battery with phoneme recognition in monosyllable ZRUGOLVWVDQGVHQWHQFHLQQRLVHUHFRJQLWLRQE\PHDQVRIWKH6,1WHVW

7KHVWXG\GHVFULEHGLQ&KDSWHUZDVFRQGXFWHGWRLQYHVWLJDWHWKHHරHFWRIOLQJXLVWLF DELOLWLHV RQ GLරHUHQW PHDVXUHV RI VSHHFKLQQRLVH UHFRJQLWLRQ 7R PHDVXUH OLQJXLVWLF abilities independent of auditory performance, as would be needed in pre-operative WHVWLQJRI&,FDQGLGDWHVLWZDVGHFLGHGWRVWDUWZLWKXVLQJYLVXDOWHVWVRIOH[LFDODFFHVVDQG vocabulary size. Young adult listeners with normal hearing were tested to avoid interaction

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ZLWKDXGLWRU\FDSDFLW\RUELRPHGLFDOIDFWRUV$GGLWLRQDOO\WKHHරHFWRINH\ZRUGVFRULQJ FRPSDUHGWRZKROHVHQWHQFHVFRULQJRQ6,1WKUHVKROGVZDVH[DPLQHG9DULDWLRQZDV LQWURGXFHGLQOLQJXLVWLFDELOLWLHVE\LQFOXGLQJWKUHHJURXSVRI\RXQJQRUPDOKHDULQJ OLVWHQHUVKLJKHGXFDWHGQDWLYH'XWFKORZHUHGXFDWHGQDWLYH'XWFKDQGKLJKHGXFDWHG non-native listeners. Lexical-access was measured with well-known tests that were built VSHFLÀFDOO\IRUWKLVVWXG\DOH[LFDOGHFLVLRQWHVWLQZKLFKOLVWHQHUVKDYHWRGLVFULPLQDWH TXLFNO\EHWZHHQZRUGVDQGSVHXGRZRUGVDQGDZRUGQDPLQJWHVWLQZKLFKOLVWHQHUVKDYH WRUHDGDOLVWRIZRUGVDVTXLFNO\DVSRVVLEOH(YDOXDWLRQRIWKHOH[LFDODFFHVVYDULDEOHV showed that lexical-access ability was best measured with the combined results of both WHVWV1RQQDWLYHOLVWHQHUVSHUIRUPHGPXFKSRRUHUWKDQQDWLYHOLVWHQHUVRQWKH6,1WHVW LQVWDWLRQDU\QRLVHDQGHYHQPRUHVRLQÁXFWXDWLQJQRLVH/H[LFDODFFHVVDELOLW\H[SODLQHG DODUJHSDUWRIWKHYDULDQFHLQ6,1WKUHVKROGVLQWKHZKROHVWXG\JURXSDQGDVPDOOHUSDUW in the two groups of native listeners. The results described in this chapter showed that lexical decision and word naming are suitable measures of lexical-access ability and they FRQÀUPHGWKDWWKH',1WHVWLVKDUGO\LQÁXHQFHGE\FRJQLWLYHRUOLQJXLVWLFVNLOOV,Q&KDSWHUV DQGWKH',1WHVWZDVWKHUHIRUHXVHGDVDPHDVXUHRIVSHHFKUHFRJQLWLRQLQQRLVHWKDW UHSUHVHQWVPDLQO\DXGLWRU\IDFWRUV,WZDVDOVRVKRZQWKDWNH\ZRUGVFRULQJUHVXOWHGLQD G%PRUHIDYRUDEOHVSHHFKUHFHSWLRQWKUHVKROG657WKDQVHQWHQFHVFRULQJPDNLQJ the test applicable to a wider range of listeners.

,QWKHH[SORUDWRU\VWXG\GHVFULEHGLQ&KDSWHUWKHHරHFWVRIOLQJXLVWLFDQGFRJQLWLYH PHDVXUHVRQGLරHUHQWPHDVXUHVRIVSHHFKUHFRJQLWLRQZHUHH[DPLQHGLQSRVWOLQJXDOO\ GHDIHQHG&,XVHUV,QDGGLWLRQWRYLVXDOPHDVXUHVRIOH[LFDODFFHVVDELOLW\DQGYRFDEXODU\ VL]HWZRRWKHUFRJQLWLYHIDFWRUVQDPHO\ZRUNLQJPHPRU\FDSDFLW\WKHUHDGLQJVSDQWHVW and a test of the ability to recognize visually masked sentences (with a visual analogue RIWKHVHQWHQFHLQQRLVHWHVWWKH7H[W5HFHSWLRQ7KUHVKROGWHVW757ZHUHLQFOXGHGDV SUHGLFWRUYDULDEOHV)XUWKHUPRUHELRPHGLFDODQGDXGLRORJLFDOIDFWRUVZHUHH[DPLQHG1R VLJQLÀFDQWUHODWLRQVZHUHIRXQGEHWZHHQWKHSUHGLFWRUYDULDEOHVDQGSKRQHPHUHFRJQLWLRQ ZLWKPRQRV\OODEOHVLQTXLHWRU',1WKUHVKROGV,QWKHFRUUHODWLRQDQDO\VHVDGHULYHGYDULDEOH ZDVLQFOXGHGWKDWUHÁHFWVWKHFRJQLWLYHDQGOLQJXLVWLFIDFWRUVLQ6,1WKUHVKROGVE\WDNLQJ WKHGLරHUHQFHEHWZHHQ6,1DQG',1657GLර. Correlation analyses revealed that better

6,1VFRUHVZHUHUHODWHGWREHWWHUZRUNLQJPHPRU\FDSDFLW\DQGDVKRUWHUGXUDWLRQRI KHDULQJORVV%HWWHU657GLර scores were related to better working-memory capacity and

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7KHÀQDOVWXG\GHVFULEHGLQ&KDSWHUDLPHGWRJDLQPRUHLQVLJKWLQWKHLQWHUDFWLRQ between measures of linguistic skills in the auditory domain and speech understanding DVLWRFFXUVLQGDLO\OLIH7KHVWXGLHVLQ&KDSWHUVDQGVKRZHGWKDWWKHUHODWLRQEHWZHHQ YLVXDOOH[LFDODFFHVVDELOLW\DQGVSHHFKUHFRJQLWLRQLQQRLVHZDVZHDNHULQ&,XVHUVWKDQ LQQRUPDOKHDULQJOLVWHQHUV,WZDVIRXQGWKDWDXGLWRU\IDFWRUVZHUHWKHPDLQSUHGLFWRURI VSHHFKUHFRJQLWLRQRXWFRPHLQ&,XVHUVDQGWKDWWKHUHPLJKWEHDQLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQ DXGLWRU\DFXLW\DQGOLQJXLVWLFVNLOOV,QWKHDXGLWRU\PRGDOLW\WKHLQSXWVLJQDOLVGHJUDGHGIRU &,XVHUVZKLFKDරHFWVWKHLUSHUIRUPDQFHDQGPLJKWDරHFWOH[LFDODFFHVV7KHREMHFWLYHVRI WKHVWXG\GHVFULEHGLQWKLVFKDSWHUZHUHWRH[DPLQHWKHHරHFWRIGHJUDGHGLQSXWE\HLWKHU &,VLPXODWHGVWLPXOLZLWKDQRLVHEDQGYRFRGHURUE\&,XVHRQDXGLWRU\OH[LFDOGHFLVLRQ UHDFWLRQWLPHV57DQGDFFXUDF\7KHUHVXOWVVKRZHGORZHUDFFXUDF\DQGORQJHU57VIRU GHJUDGHGLQSXWE\WKHYRFRGHUPDQLSXODWLRQVDQG&,XVHEXWWKHUHVSRQVHSDWWHUQVZHUH GLරHUHQWEHWZHHQJURXSV&,XVHUVZHUHUHODWLYHO\VORZLQSVHXGRZRUGUHVSRQVHVDQGKDG a large bias toward real-word responses, which was not present in the normal-hearing YRFRGHUJURXS&,XVHUVWKXVVHHPWRKDYHDGRSWHGDGLරHUHQWOH[LFDODFFHVVVWUDWHJ\WKDQ QRUPDOKHDULQJOLVWHQHUVOLVWHQLQJWRYRFRGHGVSHHFKSRVVLEO\EHFDXVH&,XVHUVDUHXVHG to listening to degraded stimuli. Correlation analyses with measures of speech recognition LQ&,XVHUVUHYHDOHGUHODWLRQVEHWZHHQPRQRV\OODEOHSKRQHPHVFRUHVLQTXLHWDQGUHDO word response times in the auditory lexical-decision test. The sentence recognition in QRLVHSHUIRUPDQFHZDVPRUHUHODWHGWRDQH඼FLHQWEDODQFHEHWZHHQUHVSRQVHDFFXUDF\ DQGUHVSRQVHWLPHWKDWLVUHVSRQVHH඼FLHQF\ERWKLQSVHXGRZRUGUHVSRQVHVDVLQRYHUDOO responses. These results show that measures of auditory lexical decision together with YLVXDOOH[LFDOGHFLVLRQPLJKWKHOSLQXQGHUVWDQGLQJVSHHFKUHFRJQLWLRQRXWFRPHZLWK&, use.

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YDDUGLJKHGHQ 'H UHVXOWDWHQ WRRQGHQ DDQ GDW GH ',1WHVW YRRU PHHU GHHOQHPHUV DIQHHPEDDUZDVGDQGH6,1WHVW'H',1WHVWKDGHHQKRJHEHWURXZEDDUKHLGHQHHQ NOHLQHPHHWIRXWLQYHUJHOLMNLQJPHWGH6,1WHVW'HXLWNRPVWHQRSGH',1HQ6,1WHVW waren sterk gecorreleerd. Uit deze onderzoeksresultaten bleek dat de tests die momenteel NOLQLVFKZRUGHQJHEUXLNWYRRUKHWPHWHQYDQVSUDDNYHUVWDDQQLHWYRRUDOOH&,JHEUXLNHUV JRHGEUXLNEDDU]LMQ'H',1WHVWZHUGGDDURPLQDOOHRYHULJHVWXGLHVLQGLWSURHIVFKULIW WRHJHYRHJGDDQGHVWDQGDDUGWHVWEDWWHULMGLHWHVWVEHYDWYRRUKHWYHUVWDDQYDQIRQHPHQ LQHHQOHWWHUJUHSLJHZRRUGHQHQYRRUKHWYHUVWDDQYDQ]LQQHQLQUXLV6,1WHVW

,QGHVWXGLHEHVFKUHYHQLQ+RRIGVWXNZHUGKHWHරHFWRQGHU]RFKWYDQWDOLJHYDDUGLJKHGHQ op verschillende maten voor het verstaan van spraak in ruis. De deelnemers aan dit RQGHU]RHN ZDUHQ MRQJYROZDVVHQHQ PHW HHQ QRUPDDO JHKRRU ZDDUGRRU LQWHUDFWLH met auditieve vermogens of biomedische factoren werd beperkt. Talige vaardigheden werden in kaart gebracht met visuele tests voor het meten van lexicale toegang en woordenschatgrootte. Deze tests werden gekozen omdat ze talige vaardigheden meten RSHHQPDQLHUGLHQLHWEHwQYORHGZRUGWGRRUDXGLWLHYHYHUPRJHQVZDWQRRG]DNHOLMNZDV YRRUKHWEHRRJGHJHEUXLNYDQGH]HWHVWVELMSUHRSHUDWLHIRQGHU]RHNELM&,NDQGLGDWHQ ,QGH]HVWXGLHZHUGRRNRQGHU]RFKWZDWKHWHරHFWZDVRSGHXLWNRPVWHQYDQGH6,1 test als de responsen van deelnemers werden gescoord op basis van correct herhaalde sleutelwoorden in plaats van het correct herhalen van de volledige zin.

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die in dit hoofdstuk worden beschreven, toonden aan dat de tests voor lexicale decisie HQGHZRRUGOHHVWDDNJHVFKLNW]LMQYRRUKHWPHWHQYDQGHYDDUGLJKHLGLQOH[LFDOHWRHJDQJ 'DDUQDDVWEHYHVWLJGHQGHUHVXOWDWHQYDQGH]HVWXGLHGDWGHXLWNRPVWHQYDQGH',1WHVW QDXZHOLMNVZRUGHQEHwQYORHGGRRUFRJQLWLHYHRIWDOLJHYDDUGLJKHGHQ,QKRRIGVWXNHQ ZHUGGH',1WHVWGDDURPJHEUXLNWDOVHHQPDDWYRRUKHWYHUVWDDQYDQVSUDDNLQUXLV ZDDUPHHYRRUQDPHOLMNGHLQYORHGYDQDXGLWLHYHIDFWRUHQLQNDDUWZRUGWJHEUDFKW,QGH VWXGLHZHUGRRNDDQJHWRRQGGDWKHWVFRUHQYDQVOHXWHOZRRUGHQELMGH6,1WHVWUHVXOWHHUGH LQHHQG%JXQVWLJHUHVSUDDNLQUXLVGUHPSHO657GDQKHWVFRUHQYDQGHJHKHOH]LQ 'H6,1WHVWZRUGWPHWGH]HVFRULQJVZLM]HYRRUHHQJURWHUDDQWDOOXLVWHUDDUVEUXLNEDDU +RRIGVWXNEHVFKULMIWGHUHVXOWDWHQYDQHHQYHUNHQQHQGHVWXGLHZDDULQGHUHODWLHWXVVHQ talige en cognitieve maten en verschillende maten voor spraakverstaan werd onderzocht ELM&,JHEUXLNHUVGLHSRVWOLQJXDDOGRRIZHUGHQ7DOLJHYDDUGLJKHGHQZHUGHQJHPHWHQ met visuele tests voor lexicale toegang en woordenschatgrootte. Daarnaast werden de XLWNRPVWHQYDQHHQWHVWYRRUZHUNJHKHXJHQFDSDFLWHLW]JQUHDGLQJVSDQWHVWHQHHQ WHVWYRRUKHWKHUNHQQHQYDQYLVXHHODDQJHERGHQJHPDVNHHUGHWHNVWGH7H[W5HFHSWLRQ 7KUHVKROGWHVW757DQDORRJDDQGH6,1WHVWRSJHQRPHQDOVYRRUVSHOOHQGHYDULDEHOHQ Verder werden biomedische en audiologische factoren onderzocht. Er werden geen VLJQLÀFDQWHUHODWLHVJHYRQGHQWXVVHQGHYRRUVSHOOHQGHYDULDEHOHQHQKHWYHUVWDDQYDQ IRQHPHQLQHHQOHWWHUJUHSLJHZRRUGHQLQVWLOWHRIKHWYHUVWDDQYDQFLMIHUVLQUXLV',1 WHVW9RRUYHUGHUHFRUUHODWLHDQDO\VHZHUGHHQDDQYXOOHQGHPDDWEHUHNHQGGLHGHLQYORHG YDQFRJQLWLHYHHQWDOLJHYDDUGLJKHGHQRSKHWYHUVWDDQUHÁHFWHHUWQOKHWYHUVFKLOWXVVHQ GH6,1HQ',1VFRUH657GLර8LWFRUUHODWLHDQDO\VHVEOHHNGDWEHWHUH6,1VFRUHVYHUEDQG

hielden met een beter werkgeheugen en een kortere duur van gehoorverlies. Betere 657GLරVFRUHVZDUHQJHUHODWHHUGDDQHHQEHWHUZHUNJHKHXJHQHQNRUWHUHUHDFWLHWLMGHQ

ELMGHOH[LFDOHGHFLVLHWHVW'HUHVXOWDWHQYDQGHUHJUHVVLHDQDO\VHVPHWSUHRSHUDWLHYHHQ postoperatieve factoren suggereren dat een kleinere verbale werkgeheugencapaciteit en, in mindere mate, een minder snelle lexicale toegang het verstaan van spraak beperken ELMOXLVWHUDDUVPHWHHQ&,

'HODDWVWHVWXGLHEHVFKUHYHQLQ+RRIGVWXNEHRRJGHPHHULQ]LFKWWHNULMJHQLQGH interactie tussen maten van talige vaardigheden in het auditieve domein en het verstaan YDQVSUDDNLQKHWGDJHOLMNVOHYHQ,QGHVWXGLHVLQKRRIGVWXNHQNZDPQDDUYRUHQ dat de relatie tussen visuele lexicale toegang en het verstaan van spraak in ruis minder GXLGHOLMNZDVELM&,JHEUXLNHUVGDQELMOXLVWHUDDUVPHWHHQQRUPDDOJHKRRU+LHUXLWEOHHN GDWDXGLWLHYHIDFWRUHQKHWYHUVWDDQYDQVSUDDNKHWEHVWYRRUVSHOOHQELM&,JHEUXLNHUVZDW

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VXJJHUHHUWGDWHUPRJHOLMNHHQLQWHUDFWLHEHVWDDWWXVVHQGHDXGLWLHYHYHUPRJHQVHQWDOLJH YDDUGLJKHGHQ9RRU&,JHEUXLNHUVLVGHNZDOLWHLWYDQDXGLWLHYHLQSXWYHUPLQGHUGZDWKHW YHUVWDDQYDQVSUDDNQDGHOLJEHwQYORHGWHQZDWYDQLQYORHGNDQ]LMQRSGHOH[LFDOHWRHJDQJ 'HVWXGLHLQ+RRIGVWXNKDGGDDURPDOVGRHORPKHWHරHFWYDQYHUVWRRUGHLQSXWWH onderzoeken op de uitkomsten van een auditieve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¶EHVWDDQG· WHFODVVLÀFHUHQ'LWSDWURRQNZDPQLHWYRRULQGHJURHSGHHOQHPHUVPHWHHQQRUPDDO JHKRRUGLHJHUHFRQVWUXHHUGHVSUDDNNUHJHQDDQJHERGHQ&,JHEUXLNHUVOLMNHQGXVJHEUXLN te maken van een andere strategie voor lexicale toegang dan normaal horende luisteraars GLHQDDUJHUHFRQVWUXHHUGHVSUDDNOXLVWHUHQ(HQPRJHOLMNHYHUNODULQJKLHUYRRULVGDW&, JHEUXLNHUVJHZHQG]LMQWHOXLVWHUHQQDDUYHUVWRRUGHVSUDDNVWLPXOL&RUUHODWLHDQDO\VHVPHW PDWHQYRRUKHWVSUDDNYHUVWDDQELM&,JHEUXLNHUVWRRQGHQHHQUHODWLHWXVVHQKHWYHUVWDDQ YDQIRQHPHQLQHHQOHWWHUJUHSLJHZRRUGHQLQVWLOWHHQGHUHDFWLHWLMGHQRSEHVWDDQGH ZRRUGHQELMGHDXGLWLHYHOH[LFDOHGHFLVLHWHVW+HWYHUVWDDQYDQ]LQQHQLQUXLVZDVPHHU JHUHODWHHUGDDQHHQH඼FLsQWHEDODQVWXVVHQGHFRUUHFWKHLGYDQGHUHVSRQVHQHQGH JHPLGGHOGHUHDFWLHWLMG]RZHOELMDDQJHERGHQSVHXGRZRRUGHQDOVJHPLGGHOGRYHUDOOH stimuli. Deze resultaten tonen aan dat het meten van vaardigheden in lexicale decisie, ]RZHOLQGHDXGLWLHYHDOVLQGHYLVXHOHPRGDOLWHLWNDQELMGUDJHQDDQKHWYHUNODUHQYDQGH YDDUGLJKHLGLQKHWYHUVWDDQYDQVSUDDNELM&,JHEUXLNHUV

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in het spraakverstaan na cochleaire implantatie te volgen. Omdat het verstaan van zinnen LQUXLVRPPHHUWDOLJHHQFRJQLWLHYHYHUZHUNLQJYUDDJWLVGH6,1WHVWEHWHUEUXLNEDDU om het auditief functioneren in alledaagse luistersituaties te evalueren. Als luisteraars RQYROGRHQGHYHUVWDDQRPGHVWDQGDDUG6,1WHVWXLWWHYRHUHQLVKHWVFRUHQYDQGHWHVW RSEDVLVYDQVOHXWHOZRRUGHQHHQDOWHUQDWLHI8LWGHVWXGLHVEOLMNWYHUGHUGDWGHUHODWLH WXVVHQWDOLJHHQFRJQLWLHYHYDDUGLJKHGHQHQKHWYHUVWDDQYDQVSUDDNPHWHHQ&,FRPSOH[ OLMNWHQEHwQYORHGZRUGWGRRUGHDXGLWLHYHYHUPRJHQV9RRU&,JHEUXLNHUVGLH]ZDN]LMQ LQKHWYHUVWDDQYDQVSUDDNLQUXLVOLMNWGHNZDOLWHLWYDQGHLQSXWKHWHරHFWLHYHJHEUXLNYDQ goede talige en cognitieve vaardigheden te beperken. De studieresultaten geven aan dat het in kaart brengen van talige vaardigheden en werkgeheugen in de visuele modaliteit NDQELMGUDJHQDDQKHWYHUEHWHUHQYDQGHYRRUOLFKWLQJYDQ&,NDQGLGDWHQYRRUDIJDDQGDDQ de operatie. Daarnaast kunnen de resultaten van deze tests, in combinatie met auditieve PDWHQYDQOH[LFDOHWRHJDQJJHEUXLNWZRUGHQELMKHWHYDOXHUHQYDQGHYDDUGLJKHGHQYDQ &,JHEUXLNHUVLQKHWYHUVWDDQYDQVSUDDN

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About the author

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

0DUUH .DDQGRUS ZDV ERUQ LQ $PVWHUGDP RQ 'HFHPEHU VW DV WKH ÀUVW RI WZR GDXJKWHUVRI'LFN.DDQGRUSDQG0LHNH1RRUGHJUDDI:KHQ0DUUHZDVRQH\HDUROGWKH family moved to Utrecht and further eastward seven years later, where she grew up near WKHZRRGVRI5HQNXP

6KHDWWHQGHGKLJKVFKRRODW6*3DQWDULMQWKHIRUPHU¶:DJHQLQJV/\FHXP·LQ:DJHQLQJHQ IURPWR,QWKDW\HDUVKHVWDUWHGKHUVWXGLHV0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJDWWKH 7HFKQLFDO8QLYHUVLW\RI7ZHQWH,Q(QVFKHGHVKHHQMR\HGVWXGHQWOLIHDQGZDVHVSHFLDOO\ DFWLYHDVDERDUGPHPEHUDQGLQVHYHUDOFRPPLWWHHVRIWKHVWXGHQWVZLPPLQJFOXE¶3LUDQKD· The last two years of her studies she subspecialized in Biomedical Engineering, including a PRQWKUHVHDUFKHOHFWLYHDW5HKDE7HFKWKH0RQDVK5HKDELOLWDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\5HVHDUFK XQLWLQ0HOERXUQH$XVWUDOLD$IWHUJUDGXDWLQJLQVKHPRYHGEDFNWRKHUELUWKWRZQ $PVWHUGDPZKHUHVKHFRQWLQXHGWKHUHVHDUFKRIKHUPDVWHUWKHVLV¶'HYHORSPHQWRID' YLVXDOL]DWLRQDSSOLFDWLRQIRUPRYHPHQWDQDO\VLV·DVDUHVHDUFKIHOORZDWWKHUHKDELOLWDWLRQ FOLQLFRI980HGLFDO&HQWHU5HVHDUFKSURMHFW¶'YLVXDOL]DWLRQPHWKRGVDQGH[FKDQJHRI PRYHPHQWGDWDEHWZHHQPRYHPHQWDQDO\VLVDSSOLFDWLRQV·$WWKH980HGLFDO&HQWHUKHU attention was drawn by the audiology center and she started her training to be a clinical SK\VLFLVWDXGLRORJLVWLQ$IWHUÀQLVKLQJWKLVWUDLQLQJLQVKHFRQWLQXHGZRUNLQJ DWWKHGHSDUWPHQWDQGMRLQHGWKH(17DXGLRORJ\VWDරRI98PFLQZKHUHVKHVWLOO works with great enthusiasm. During her training she initiated the current research under VXSHUYLVLRQRISURIGULU-0)HVWHQDQGGU67*RYHUWVZKLFKUHVXOWHGLQWKLVWKHVLV

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