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University of Groningen The future of seagrass ecosystem services in a changing world James, Rebecca

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University of Groningen

The future of seagrass ecosystem services in a changing world James, Rebecca

DOI:

10.33612/diss.132586601

IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below.

Document Version

Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Publication date: 2020

Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database

Citation for published version (APA):

James, R. (2020). The future of seagrass ecosystem services in a changing world. https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.132586601

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The future of seagrass ecosystem

services in a changing world

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The research presented in this thesis was conducted as part of the SCENES “Stability of Caribbean coastal ecosystems under future extreme sea level change” project and was funded by the NWO ‘Caribbean Research: a Multidisciplinary Approach’ program.

All work was conducted with the support of the Department of Estuarine & Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and the Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen.

Rebecca James

The future of seagrass ecosystem services in a changing world 175 pages

PhD thesis, University of Groningen, Groningen, NL (2020) With references, with summaries in English and Dutch

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The future of seagrass ecosystem

services in a changing world

PhD thesis

to obtain the degree of PhD at the University of Groningen

on the authority of the

Rector Magnificus Prof. C. Wijmenga and in accordance with

the decision by the College of Deans. This thesis will be defended in public on Friday 25 September 2020 at 12.45 hours

by

Rebecca Kate James

born on 6 November 1987 in Palmerston North

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Supervisors

Prof. T.J. Bouma Prof. P.M.J. Herman Prof. T. van der Heide

Co-supervisor

Dr. M.M. Van Katwijk

Assessment Committee

Prof. H. Olff

Prof. K.R. Timmermans Prof. A.J.H.M. Reniers

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Table of contents

Chapter 1: 1

General introduction

Chapter 2: 17

Water motion and vegetation control the pH dynamics in seagrass-dominated bays

Chapter 3: 43

Seagrass coastal protection services reduced by invasive species expansion and megaherbivore grazing

Chapter 4: 67

Maintaining tropical beaches with seagrass and algae: a promising alternative to engineering solutions

Chapter 5: 81

Tropical biogeomorphic seagrass landscapes for coastal protection: persistence and wave attenuation during major storm events

Chapter 6: 107

Climate change mitigation by coral reefs and seagrass beds at risk: how global change compromises ecosystem services of coastal protection and pH refuges

Chapter 7: 129

General discussion: mitigating climate change with seagrass ecosystem services

Summary/Samenvatting 143

References 147

Acknowledgments 171

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Toitū te Marae o Tāne Toitū te Marae o Tangaroa

Toitū te iwi

If the realm of Tane (the forest) survives If the realm of Tangaroa (the sea) survives

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