Land governance in transition: the case of the Hellenic Cadastre : powerpoint

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Land governance in transition:

the case of the Hellenic Cadastre

UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE - FACULTY OF GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION (ITC) HELLENIC REPUBLIC– MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT – HELLENIC CADASTRE

LANDac Annual International Conference 2019

Utrecht – July 2019

Evangelia Balla

Supervisor: Professor Dr. Yola Georgiadou, ITC, University of Twente

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Content Outline

Background

The HC and the Crisis

Land Governance in

transition

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 Crossroad: West-East/North -South

 Southern East of Europe: Balkan peninsula

 Land Uses: mainly agricultural (49,35%) and forest areas (47,33%)  Insularity, long(est in the Med) seashore (~20.000km)

 Land Policy: measures favoring land fragmentation and small

landownership 3

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 Background: MSc. Surveying Engineer, MSc. Urban & Regional Planner, PMP®, PhD studies NTUA

 Lifetime Land and Urban planning/Environment positions in private/public sector

 Positions at all levels of hierarchy

 heir and inheritor of the family’s land in Central Macedonia-Northern Greece

 Countless hours …cultivating, navigating and “mediating” between practice & research about Land

9/13/2019 4

BACKGROUND: MY PERSONAL AFFINITY WITH LAND IN GREECE

academic, professional & career choices, personal bond (due to family origin)

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Background: Main Land Registration System

Ministry of Justice (RMS)

Public Mortgage

Offices (33) Private Mortgage Offices (219)

Private Notary run Mortgage Offices

(140)



Deficiencies



Paper & Person based



No cadastral map (only topographic plan)



Incomplete registration of property rights

(public property rights, or usucaption)



No legal certainty



No additional information for real properties



No sound basis for land policy, environmental

protection, real property taxation etc.

register all kind of deeds, judicial decisions, and

lawsuits which create, modify or abolish 'rights in rem' on a property, as well as, all the encumbrances

(mortgages, seizures, foreclosures, easements), on a

property.

Registration & Mortgages System

> mid 19

th

_century

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The Hellenic Cadastre

 Hellenic Cadastre Programme (HCP) mid 1990’s

 “The Biggest of All The Infrastructure Projects Ever In

Greece”

 Estimations / Assumptions  Completion date : 2009

 Benefits: main goal to reveal and protect public property &

multipurpose digital land information system  ~2000 job positions annually

 2 laws: 1995 (development), 1998 (operation)

 2 organizations: HEMCO (1986) & KTIMATOLOGIO SA (1995)

 Register ~40 million property rights  _{Cadastral mapping 132 million sq.km.}  Delineate ~20.000km. seashore

 Delineate ~60.000sq.m. forests

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The HC and the Crisis

Means

Increase of public revenues (increase of

taxation on real estate)

Privatization program (exploitation of public property)

Business Friendly Greece (legal certainty

on property rights) Policy targets Reduction of public deficit Reduction of public debt Economic Growth Policy goals

Macroeconomic stability Structural

adjustment

Bailout Loans > Policy conditionality

Hellenic

Cadastre

Business friendly environment (investments) Accurate data for public property Accurate data (& Revenues) land taxation Accurate data for planning

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10/4/2019 PhD Proposal Defence: E. Balla 8

Each MoU prioritized the completion of the Hellenic Cadastre and set several intermediate goals with associated milestones

See further Spanou et al. ELIAMEP, 2018

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Outcomes – Challenges

What has been done? (2009-Nov.2018)



Cadastre:

• 6%>7,8%area

• 17%>28,7% property rights



Forest Maps:

• ratified 0,57%> 32,2%



118 Interim Cadastral Offices

What should be done?

(as of June 2019)



Cadastre: By 2021

• 59,7% property rights under survey

• 9,1% p.r. to be procured



Forest Maps (by 2020):

• to complete and ratify 59 % (13,8% under

public consultation and 45,2% under

development)



Merge LR & Cadastre (by 2020)

• 390 LR (MO) Offices and 118 Interim

Cadastral Offices > 17 Cadastral Offices

and 75 Branches

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10

An (simple) infrastructure project

OR

A State (Institution) Building Policy Reform

Land Governance in transition at a glance

System of Registrations & Mortgages

1856

System of Registrations & Mortgages Start of the HC Programme

1995

•System of Registrations & Mortgages •System of Cadastre (transitional period)

2003

System of Cadastre

2021

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-Significant expertise and know how - Philopatry and philotimo* (honor and pride)

-Challenging goals

- Too many changes simultaneously - Reform fatigue

-Strong management skills required

-A state of the art HC

-Cadastral map –base layer of NSDI -rationalize & minimize land transaction fees

-boost investments

- strengthening of tax justice

- Volatile political environment - Low participation in cad.survey - Reveal of informal land tenure issues - Loss of private ownership

Land governance in transition: the case of the Hellenic Cadastre : powerpoint