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Win-wins in forest product value chains? How governance impacts the
sustainability of livelihoods based on non-timber forest products from Cameroon
Ingram, V.J.
Publication date
2014
Link to publication
Citation for published version (APA):
Ingram, V. J. (2014). Win-wins in forest product value chains? How governance impacts the
sustainability of livelihoods based on non-timber forest products from Cameroon.
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score Part used Product/Use Product name Vulnerability Forest type Est. annual
market value US$
Fuelwood Wood, charcoal
& sawdust Energy Bois d’énergie, Bois de Feu At least 1 SFP/CITES/Red Data Species
Humid, savannah &
montane 378,641,309 5
Gnetum africanum, Gnetum
buchholzianum Leaves Food, medicine Eru, Okok, Koko SFP, Red Data (Near threatened) Humid lowlands 12,197,503 5
Irvingia gabonensis, Irvingia wombulu Nuts Food (condiment),
medicine, cultural Ndo’o, Bush Mango, Rainy Season Bush Mango, Mangue Sauvage
Humid lowlands 8,089,580 5
Prunus africana Bark, wood Medicinal, fuel, timber,
melliferous Pygeum CITES Annex II, Red Data (Vulnerable), SFP listed
Montane 2,874,928 5
Dacryodes edulis Fruit, leaves,
bark Food, medicinal Safou, Plum Humid lowlands 989,504 5
Elaeis guineensis Nuts Food (oil, fruit, wine),
medicinal Oil Palm, Palmier, Huile De Palme Humid lowlands - 5
Pausinystalia johimbe Bark Medicinal, timber Yohimbe SFP Humid lowlands 847,182 5
Ricinodendron heudelottii Seeds, bark Food (condiment),
medicinal, host Njangsang Humid lowlands 730,325 5
Voacanga africana Fruit Medicinal, timber, fuel Voacanga Humid lowlands 585,586 5
Psittacus erithacus Whole – live Pet trade Grey Parrot CITES, Red Data (Near
threatened) Humid lowlands - 5
Cola nitida Nut, bark Food (stimulant),
material, medicinal, cultural
Cola, Kola, Chewing
Stick Humid lowlands 430,639 5
Rattans (4 Laccosperma spp., 11
Eremospatha spp., 4 Oncocalamus
spp., Ancistrophyllum secundiflorum)
Stem Materials Rattan, Rotan 3 Red Data (Endangered, Vulnerable), SFP
Humid lowlands 284,013 5
Cola acuminate Nut, bark Food (stimulant) Bitter Cola Humid lowlands 269,083 5
Garcinia kola Nut, bark Food (stimulant),
medicinal Kola Nut, Onie/Onye Bark Red Data (Vulnerable) Humid lowlands 249,938 5
Garcinia lucida Nut, bark Food (stimulant),
medicinal, cultural Essok, Sok Humid lowlands 171,175 5
Species Social value Environmental value Economic value Value score Part used Product/Use Product name Vulnerability# Forest type Est. annual
market value US$
wood food (condiment & oil)
Piper guineensis Fruit, leaves
seeds, bark Food (condiment) Pepper, Bush Pepper Humid lowlands 44,000 5
Priority species
36 species + approx.23 fuel species Average 2 at least 37 products 406,372,712 5
Apis mellierfera
Propolis Medicinal Savannah,
montane 4
Beeswax Material, cosmetic Wax, Cire MINEPIA Exports regulated
244,420 4
Honey Food, medicinal Miel All 61,105 4
Acacia senegal, Acacia polyacantha Resin Material Gum, Gum Arabic SFP listed Savannah 4,040,000 4
Aframomum spp. (A. melegueta, A.
daniellii, A. citratum) Leaves, fruits, seeds Material Wrapping Leaves, Gorilla Food, Spice Humid lowlands - 4
Alstonia boonei Bark, wood,
leaves, exudate Medicinal Stoolwood Humid lowlands - 4
Bushmeat (Mammals, ungulates,
reptiles, rodents, insects) Flesh Food, cultural 10 Red Data species, 10 Class A,B or C, 1 CITES II
Humid, savannah &
montane 2,799,330 4
Canarium schweinfurthii Leaves, bark,
wood, resin, seeds, fruit
Food, medicinal, cultural,
timber, fuel Black, Aiele Possible SFP Humid & montane 4
Carpolobia lutea, Carpolobia albea Stem, wood,
leaves, roots, fruit
Material, food, medicinal Cattle Stick Possible SFP Reports over-exploitation
Humid & montane
zone 5,911 4
Coula edulis Nut, wood,
leaves, bark Food (nut & oil), medicinal, timber Noisette Humid lowlands - 4
Garcinia mannii Stem, resin,
leaves, bark Material Tola, Chew Stick Possible SFP Humid lowlands - 4
Guibourtia tessmannii Wood, leaves,
resin, bark Medicinal, material, timber, cultural Bubinga Humid lowlands - 4 Fish (total 1000 species with 6 main
families) Flesh Food Poisson Includes Red Data species Humid, savannah & montane 613,600,000 4
Harungana madagascariensis Wood, leaves,
fruit, bark Medicinal, timber, material Nken, Atôndôk Humid lowlands - 4
Khaya ivorensis Bark, wood,
roots, seeds Medicinal, timber Acajou, African Mahogany Red Data (Vulnerable) Humid lowlands - 4
Kigelia africana Bark, fruit,
Lophria alata Wood, bark,
seeds, leaves Medicinal, food (oil), materials, timber Azobe Red Data (Vulnerable) Humid lowlands - 4
Lovoa trichilioides Bark, wood,
leaves Medicinal, timber Sakthoi, Mbantou, Bibolo Red Data (Vulnerable) Humid lowlands - 4
Megaphrynium macrostachyum Leaves, stem Materials Okakon, Lekong,
Okakwi, Nden Humid lowlands - 4
Milicia excels Wood, bark Medicinal, food, timber,
fuel Iroko, Aban Humid lowlands - 4
Monodora myristica Bark, seeds Food (condiment & oil) Gangat, Ikoma, Ozek,
Pebé, Ding, Dengo Humid lowlands - 4
Morinda lucida Bark, wood,
leaves, fruit Medicinal, fuel, timber Fio, Medjock, Mendak, Hikoma, Nding, Atcheñ-Élé
Humid lowlands - 4
Nauclea diderrichii Wood, stem,
bark, seeds, fruits, root
Timber, materials,
medicinal, food Bilinga Humid lowlands - 4
Poga oleosa Nut, fruit,
wood, bark Food (condiment & oil), medicinal, timber Inoi Nut, Poga, Esohtong, Eyghaiyese, Ngalé, Angale
Humid lowlands - 4
Raphia spp. (R.farinifera, R.
monbuttorum, R. hookeri, R. regalis, R. vinifera)
Stems, sap (wine),leaves, fruit, bark, wood
Foods, material, timber Raffia, Cane, Bamboo 1 Red Data
(Vulnerable) Humid, montane, savannah 1,574,661 4
Rauvolfia vomitoria Root, stem,
seed, leaves, exudate, bark, wood, fruit
Medicinal, timber Rauvolfia SFP Humid lowlands 94,803 4
Scorodophleus zenkeri Bark, seeds,
wood, fruit, stem
Food (condiment),
medicinal Garlic Tree, Olom, Olon, Ohomi, Lem, Lom, Doum
Humid lowlands - 4
Terminalia superba Wood, bark,
fruit, exudate Timber, medicinal, food Frake, Limba Humid lowlands - 4
Tetrapleura tetraptera Seeds, wood,
root, fruit, bark Food (condiment), medicinal, fuel Esekeseke, Aidon, Apkwa, Essessee Humid lowlands 124,489 4
Trichoscypha arborea Bark, fruit Food, medicinal,
materials Mvut/Abut , Ndoi, Ngoyo, Okoyan Humid lowlands - 4
Species Social value Environmental value Economic value Value score Part used Product/Use Product name Vulnerability# Forest type Est. annual
market value US$
seeds, wood medicinal, timber
Xylopia aethiopica Wood, bark,
fruit Food (condiment), fuel, medicinal, timber Pepper Humid lowlands - 4
Priority species
> 35 plant species, >39 animal species > 6 fish species
Plant average 3.5
Animal Average
>85 products 622,562,719 4
Annona senegalensis Fruit, leaves, root Food, forage Annona Humid lowlands 3
Bamboos (Bambusa vulgaris, Yushina
alpina, Oxytenanthera abyssinica) Stems Materials, timber Cane, Bamboo All 3
Enantia chlorantha Stem, wood, bark Timber, medicinal Enantia, Moambe Humid lowlands 3
Tabernanthe iboga Root Medicinal, cultural Etong, Ebtong Humid lowlands 3
Xylopia parviflora Leaves, fruit, seed, wood, root Medicinal, food (condiment), timber Nkala, Poivrier, Pepper Humid lowlands 3
7 plant species Average 2.8 At least 9 products - 3
51 animal and 139 plant species Average 2.8 At least 200 products All - 2
8 animal and 289 plant species Average 2.3 At least 300 products All - 1
TOTAL Average 2.7 >630 products >1,028,966,931
