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Monitoring integraal duurzame stallen : peildatum 1 januari 2014

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G.F.V. van der Peet, H.B. van der Veen, H. Docters van Leeuwen

Peildatum 1 januari 2014

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renderende veehouderij, vertaalt deze naar praktijkgerichte oplossingen en innovaties, en zorgt voor doorstroming van deze kennis. Onze wetenschappelijke kennis op het gebied van veehouderijsystemen en van voeding, genetica, welzijn en milieu-impact van landbouwhuisdieren integreren we, samen met onze klanten, tot veehouderijconcepten voor de 21e eeuw.

De missie van Wageningen UR (University & Research centre) is ‘To explore the potential of nature to improve the quality of life’. Binnen Wageningen UR bundelen 9 gespecialiseerde onderzoeksinstituten van stichting DLO en Wageningen University hun krachten om bij te dragen aan de oplossing van belangrijke vragen in het domein van gezonde voeding en leefomgeving. Met ongeveer 30 vestigingen, 6.000 medewerkers en 9.000 studenten behoort Wageningen UR wereldwijd tot de aansprekende kennisinstellingen binnen haar domein. De integrale benadering van de vraagstukken en de samenwerking tussen verschillende disciplines vormen het hart van de unieke Wageningen aanpak.

Postbus 65 8200 AB Lelystad T 0320 23 82 38

E info.livestockresearch@wur.nl

www.wageningenUR.nl/livestockresearch

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