• No results found

FresQ-Plus : van kas tot kassa : logistiek en kwaliteit in de FresQ-Plus keten

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "FresQ-Plus : van kas tot kassa : logistiek en kwaliteit in de FresQ-Plus keten"

Copied!
58
0
0

Bezig met laden.... (Bekijk nu de volledige tekst)

Hele tekst

(1))UHV43OXV  9DQ NDV WRW NDVVD  /RJLVWLHNHQNZDOLWHLWLQGH)UHV43OXVNHWHQ. +09ROOHEUHJW -&0$6QHOV. 5DSSRUWQU.

(2) .   &RORIRQ. . 7LWHO )UHV43OXV9DQNDVWRWNDVVD $XWHXU V

(3)  +09ROOHEUHJW-&0$6QHOV $)6*QXPPHU 5DSSRUWQU ,6%1QXPPHU  3XEOLFDWLHGDWXP 2NWREHU 9HUWURXZHOLMN 1HH 23'FRGH  *RHGJHNHXUGGRRU +/000DDV  $JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS 32%R[ 1/$$:DJHQLQJHQ 7HO 

(4)  (PDLOLQIRDIVJ#ZXUQO ,QWHUQHWZZZDIVJZXUQO  ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS $OOHUHFKWHQYRRUEHKRXGHQ1LHWVXLWGH]HXLWJDYHPDJZRUGHQYHUYHHOYRXGLJGRSJHVODJHQLQHHQJHDXWRPDWLVHHUG JHJHYHQVEHVWDQGRIRSHQEDDUJHPDDNWLQHQLJHYRUPRIRSHQLJHZLM]HKHW]LMHOHNWURQLVFKKHW]LMPHFKDQLVFKGRRU IRWRNRSLHsQRSQDPHQRIHQLJHDQGHUHPDQLHU]RQGHUYRRUDIJDDQGHVFKULIWHOLMNHWRHVWHPPLQJYDQGHXLWJHYHU'H XLWJHYHUDDQYDDUGWJHHQDDQVSUDNHOLMNKHLGYRRUHYHQWXHOHIRXWHQRIRQYRONRPHQKHGHQ $OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG1RSDUWRIWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQPD\EHUHSURGXFHGVWRUHGLQDUHWULHYDOV\VWHPRIDQ\QDWXUHRUWUDQVPLWWHGLQDQ\IRUP RUE\DQ\PHDQVHOHFWURQLFPHFKDQLFDOSKRWRFRS\LQJUHFRUGLQJRURWKHUZLVHZLWKRXWWKHSULRUSHUPLVVLRQRIWKHSXEOLVKHU7KHSXEOLVKHU GRHVQRWDFFHSWDQ\OLDELOLW\IRULQDFFXUDFLHVLQWKLVUHSRUW . +HWNZDOLWHLWVPDQDJHPHQWV\VWHHPYDQ$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV *URXSLVJHFHUWLILFHHUGGRRU6*6,QWHUQDWLRQDO&HUWLILFDWLRQ6HUYLFHV((69RS EDVLVYDQ,62.  ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXSOLGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.

(5) 6DPHQYDWWLQJ.  $)6* KHHIW LQ RSGUDFKW YDQ 9DQ GH *HLMQ  3DUWQHUV ELQQHQ KHW GRRU KHW 3URGXFWVFKDS 7XLQERXZJHILQDQFLHUGHSURMHFW¶6FKRRQ9HLOLJHQ*H]RQG·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ó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‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85. .

(6) 2SYDOOHQGLVGDWGHRYHUDOONZDOLWHLWYDVWJHOHJGLVLQGRFXPHQWDWLHGLH+ROODQGHUJHEUXLNWYRRUGH LQJDQJVFRQWUROH9RRU]RYHUEHNHQGLVGLWGHHQLJHSODDWVLQGHNHWHQZDDUGLWJHGRFXPHQWHHUGLV %RUJLQJ LV JHRUJDQLVHHUG GRRU LQJDQJV HQ XLWJDQJVFRQWUROHV 'DDUQDDVW ZRUGW GH NZDOLWHLW JHERUJGGRRURSYHUSDNWHSURGXFWHQHHQ JHFRGHHUGH

(7) 7+7WHGUXNNHQ 'H GHILQLWLH YDQ NZDOLWHLW YHUDQGHUW GRRU GH NHWHQ KHHQ 9RRU GH WHOHULV KHW LQHHUVWH LQVWDQWLH SURGXFWNZDOLWHLW%LMKHWYHUSDNNHQHQGHGLVWULEXWLHZRUGWGHGHILQLWLHEUHGHUHQRPYDWHYHQHHQV FRGHULQJYHUSDNNLQJJHZLFKWHQHWFHWHUD,QGHODDWVWHVFKDNHOGHILOLDOHQZRUGWRQGHUNZDOLWHLW RRNEHVFKLNEDDUKHLGHQEUHHGWHHQGLHSWHYDQKHWDVVRUWLPHQWYHUVWDDQ  2SHUDWLH 'H EHODQJULMNVWH DFWLYLWHLWHQ SHU VFKDNHO ]LMQ WHOHU SODQWHQ RRJVWHQ VRUWHUHQ HQ HYHQWXHHO

(8)  YHUSDNNHQ HQ YHU]HQGNODDU PDNHQ *UHHQDSFN71, RSVODJ VRUWHUHQ HQ YHUSDNNHQ HQ YHU]HQGNODDU PDNHQ +ROODQGHU RSVODJ RUGHUSLFNHQ YHU]HQGNODDU PDNHQ FURVVGRFN PHW RYHULJYHUVILOLDDORSVODJVFKDSSUHVHQWDWLHYHUNRRS (U LV JHHQ JHVORWHQ NRHONHWHQ 7UDQVSRUW NDQ SODDWV YLQGHQ ELM VXERSWLPDOH FRQGLWLHV WRW DDQ +ROODQGHURQJHNRHOGHQQDDUILOLDOHQELMƒ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

(10)  +ROODQGHUHUYDQXLWJDDWGDW.ODVVH,SURGXFWDDQGHHLVHQYDQ3OXVYROGRHW(FKWHUELM+ROODQGHU ZRUGWKHWSURGXFWRS¶3OXVJHVFKLNWKHLG·EHRRUGHHOG.ODVVH,YROGRHWKLHUQLHWDOWLMGDDQ  &RQGLWLHV ,Q KRHYHUUH KHW RQWEUHNHQ YDQ HHQ JHVORWHQ NRHONHWHQ HHQ LVVXH LV KDQJW DI YDQ GH GRRUORRSWLMG%LMHHQNRUWHGRRUORRSWLMGGUDJHQYDULDWLHVLQGHWHPSHUDWXXUQLHWWHYHHOELMDDQGH DIQDPHYDQGHSURGXFWNZDOLWHLW%LMHHQODQJHUHGRRUORRSWLMGLVGDWZHOKHWJHYDO.  ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.

(11) *HEUXLN SURJQRVHV +ROODQGHU 71, HQ GH YHUNRRSEHGULMYHQ YDQ )UHV4 PDNHQ JHEUXLN YDQ SURJQRVHV'LWUHVXOWHHUWLQRSVOLQJHUHIIHFWHQHQYRRUUDDGYRUPLQJ'LWOHLGWWRWHHQIOXFWXHUHQGH GRRUORRSWLMG(QWHQJHYROJHKLHUYDQWRWYHHOFRQWUROHPRPHQWHQ  $DQEHYHOLQJHQ +HWVWUHYHQYDQ3OXVRPGHEHVWHYHUVVXSHUPDUNWYDQ1HGHUODQGWH]LMQYHUHLVWYHUWURXZHQLQGH NHWHQ9HUWURXZHQNDQYHUJURRWZRUGHQGRRUWHIRFXVVHQRSGRRUORRSWLMGHQFRQGLWLHVHQRSGH GHILQLWLHYDQNZDOLWHLW (HQHHQGXLGLJHUGHILQLWLHYDQNZDOLWHLWNDQYHUNUHJHQZRUGHQGRRU

(12) HUYRRUWH]RUJHQGDWLHGHUH VFKDNHO ZHHW YDQ 3OXV NZDOLWHLW LV 

(13)  GH GHILQLWLH YDQ GH XLWJHEUHLGH

(14)  FRGHULQJHQ RS GH YHUSDNNLQJYDVWWHOHJJHQHQ

(15) GHVWULNWKHLGYDQNZDOLWHLWVQRUPHQYDVWWHOHJJHQ9RRUGHILOLDOHQ RPYDWNZDOLWHLWRRNGHEUHHGWHHQGLHSWHYDQKHWDVVRUWLPHQWYHUVWDDQ(HQPHHUJHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG ILOLDDODDQERGNDQGHFRQFHQWUDWLHELMJURWHUHILOLDOHQYHUPLQGHUHQHQORJLVWLHNQDDUNOHLQHUHILOLDOHQ HIILFLsQWHUPDNHQ (HQ NRUWHUH GRRUORRSWLMG ZRUGW QLHW JHUHDOLVHHUG GRRU WH IRFXVVHQ RS NHWHQYHUNRUWLQJ .HWHQYHUNRUWLQJLVSDVPRJHOLMNQDNHWHQEHKHHUVLQJ  $GYLHV 'H GRRUORRSWLMG NDQ EHWHU EHKHHUVW ZRUGHQ LQGLHQ HU PHW EHWHUH SURJQRVHV JHZHUNW ZRUGW RPGDWEHWHUHSURJQRVHVGHYHLOLJKHLGVYRRUUDGHQYHUNOHLQHQ'HEHKHHUVLQJNDQWRHQHPHQGRRU KHWYROJHQGHJURHLSDGWHYROJHQPDDNJHEUXLNYDQGHZHUNHOLMNHYHUNRRSFLMIHUVYDQ+ROODQGHU PDDN GDDUQD JHEUXLN YDQ 3RLQWRI6DOH GDWD JHYROJG GRRU SURJQRWLVHUHQ ELM 71, "

(16)  2P GH GRRUORRSWLMG WH NXQQHQ JDDQ EHKHHUVHQ LV LQ]LFKW LQ GH KXLGLJH VLWXDWLH YDQ EHODQJ 0RQLWRU GDDURPGHKXLGLJHGRRUORRSWLMGHQHQFRQGLWLHV 'H GRRUORRSWLMG NDQ YHUNRUW ZRUGHQ GRRU KHW YHUPLQGHUHQ YDQ KHW DDQWDO NZDOLWHLWV

(17) FRQWUROH PRPHQWHQGRRUPHHULQIRUPDWLHLQGHNHWHQXLWWHZLVVHOHQHQHHQKHOGHUHGHILQLWLHYDQNZDOLWHLW WHJHEUXLNHQ(HQEHWHUEHKHHUVWHGRRUORRSWLMG]DOUHVXOWHUHQLQODJHUHYRRUUDGHQZDWUHVXOWHHUW LQHHQNRUWHUHGRRUORRSWLMG  'H HIIHFWHQ YDQ GH EHKHHUVHQGH HQ YHUNRUWHQGH PDDWUHJHOHQ ZRUGHQ YHUVWHUNW LQGLHQ GH NZDOLWHLWVNHQPHUNHQLQGHNHWHQHHQGXLGLJJHGHILQLHHUGZRUGHQ. ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85. .

(18) ,QKRXGVRSJDYH  6DPHQYDWWLQJ.  ,QOHLGLQJ  $DQOHLGLQJ  2SERXZUDSSRUWDJH.  0HWKRGH  ,QYHQWDULVDWLH  $QDO\VH  %HYLQGLQJHQHQDDQEHYHOLQJHQ  :RUNVKRS.  5HVXOWDWHQ  6WUHYHQNHWHQGRHOHQHQORJLVWLHNHGRHOHQ  2UJDQLVDWLH  5HJLHLQGHNHWHQ  2YHUGUDFKWVPRPHQWHQHQHLJHQGRP  3XVKRISXOONHWHQHQKHWNODQWRUGHURQWNRSSHOSXQW .223

(19)   7\SHVDPHQZHUNLQJVYHUEDQG  &RQILJXUDWLH  )\VLHNHSURGXFWVWURPHQ  'RRUORRSZDFKWHQSURFHVWLMGHQ  /HYHUEHWURXZEDDUKHLG  :DDUGHWRHYRHJHQGHDFWLYLWHLWHQ  &RQGLWLHVHQSURGXFWNZDOLWHLW  .ZDOLWHLWVFRQWUROH  .ZDOLWHLWVPRQLWRULQJ  .ZDOLWHLWVERUJLQJ  'HILQLWLHNZDOLWHLW  ,QYORHGYDQNZDOLWHLWVSUREOHPHQRSKHWEHGULMIVUHVXOWDDW  %HwQYORHGHQYDQGHSURGXFWNZDOLWHLW  2SHUDWLH  3URFHVVHQLQGHNHWHQ  &RQGLWLHVLQGHNHWHQ  ,QYORHGYDQGHSURFHVVHQRSGHSURGXFWNZDOLWHLW  ,QIRUPDWLH  8LWZLVVHOLQJLQIRUPDWLHLQGHNHWHQ  .ZDOLWHLWVLQIRUPDWLHV\VWHPHQ  %HODQJULMNVWHNODFKWHQ  2UJDQLVDWLHNODFKWHQDIKDQGHOLQJ.  ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.    .     .                            .

(20)  %HYLQGLQJHQHQDDQEHYHOLQJHQ  %HYLQGLQJHQ  'RRUORRSWLMG  'HILQLWLHYDQNZDOLWHLW  &RQGLWLHV  *HEUXLNYDQSURJQRVHV  $DQEHYHOLQJHQ.       . %LMODJH(UYDULQJVGHVNXQGLJHQ NHWHQSDUWLMHQ. . %LMODJH:DJHQLQJHQ85GHVNXQGLJHQ. .  :RUNVKRS. %LMODJH9UDJHQOLMVWLQWHUYLHZV. %LMODJH6KHHWVZRUNVKRSRNWREHU  . ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.   . .

(21) . ,QOHLGLQJ.  $DQOHLGLQJ %LQQHQ KHW ¶6FKRRQ 9HLOLJ HQ *H]RQG· SURMHFW ZRUGHQ DFWLYLWHLWHQ WHU EHYRUGHULQJ YDQ GH FRQVXPSWLH YDQ 1HGHUODQGV JURHQWH HQ IUXLW XLWJHYRHUG GRRU YHUVFKLOOHQGH FRQVRUWLD YDQ WHOHUV WRW HQ PHW UHWDLOHUV +HW ¶6FKRRQ 9HLOLJ HQ *H]RQG· SURMHFW LV JHILQDQFLHUG GRRU KHW 3URGXFWVFKDS7XLQERXZ 9DQGH*HLMQ 3DUWQHUVKHHIW$)6*JHYUDDJGRPGH)UHV43OXVNHWHQTXDORJLVWLHNHQNZDOLWHLW LQNDDUWWHEUHQJHQ+HWRQGHUKDYLJHUDSSRUWEHVFKULMIWGHUHVXOWDWHQKLHUYDQ  2SERXZUDSSRUWDJH +RRIGVWXNEHVFKULMIWGHJHNR]HQPHWKRGLHNYDQKHWRQGHU]RHN+HWUHVXOWHUHQGHEHHOGYDQGH NHWHQ LV WH YLQGHQ LQ KRRIGVWXN  ,Q KRRIGVWXN  ZRUGHQ GH EHYLQGLQJHQ HQ DDQEHYHOLQJHQ EHVSURNHQ 7HQ VORWWH ]LMQ LQ KRRIGVWXN  GH UHVXOWDWHQ YDQ GH DIVOXLWHQGH ZRUNVKRS YDQ  RNWREHUWHYLQGHQ.  ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.

(22) . 0HWKRGH.  2PGHNHWHQLQNDDUWWHEUHQJHQ]LMQDFKWHUHHQYROJHQVGHYROJHQGHDFWLYLWHLWHQRQGHUQRPHQ

(23)  LQYHQWDULVDWLH YDQ GH NHWHQ GRRU PLGGHO YDQ LQWHUYLHZV 

(24)  DQDO\VH YDQ GH LQIRUPDWLH XLW GH LQWHUYLHZV RS KHW YODN YDQ RUJDQLVDWLH FRQILJXUDWLH RSHUDWLHV HQ LQIRUPDWLH UHVXOWHUHQG LQ HHQ EHHOGYDQGHNHWHQHQ

(25) IRUPXOHUHQYDQEHYLQGLQJHQHQDDQEHYHOLQJHQ 'HUHVXOWDWHQ]LMQPHWGHNHWHQSDUWLMHQEHVSURNHQWLMGHQVHHQZRUNVKRSJHKRXGHQRSRNWREHU ELM)UHV4LQ'H/LHU  1DDVW GH DQDO\VH YDQ GH NHWHQ RS ORJLVWLHN HQ NZDOLWHLW LV HU RRN HHQ HHQPDOLJH WHPSHUDWXXUPHWLQJLQGHNHWHQXLWJHYRHUG+LHUWRH]LMQHHQWLHQWDOVHQVRUHQPHWKHWSURGXFWLQ GH YHUSDNNLQJ GRRU GH NHWHQ JHJDDQ YDQ WHOHU WRW HQ PHW ZLQNHOVFKDS 'H UHVXOWDWHQ YDQ GH]H PHWLQJNRPHQLQKRRIGVWXNDDQERG  ,QYHQWDULVDWLH 'H LQYHQWDULVDWLH LV XLWJHYRHUG GRRU PLGGHO YDQ LQWHUYLHZV YDQ YHUWHJHQZRRUGLJHUV YDQ LHGHUH NHWHQVFKDNHO YDQ NDV WRW NDVVD 'H JHwQWHUYLHZGH SHUVRQHQ KHEEHQ HHQ URO LQ KHW GDJHOLMNVH SURFHVLQGHNHWHQ,QELMODJHLVGHOLMVWYDQJHwQWHUYLHZGHSHUVRQHQJHJHYHQ 'HLQWHUYLHZV]LMQXLWJHYRHUGDDQGHKDQGYDQHHQYUDJHQOLMVW ]LHELMODJH

(26) 'HYUDJHQOLMVWLVHHQ FRPELQDWLH YDQ GH YUDJHQOLMVWHQ GLH JHEUXLNW ZRUGHQ ELM GH ORJLVWLHNH DQDO\VH YDQ NHWHQV ]RDOV RQWZLNNHOGGRRUKHWH[SHUWLVHYHOG6XSSO\&KDLQ0DQDJHPHQWHQYDQGHYUDJHQOLMVWGLHJHEUXLNW ZRUGW ELM GH LGHQWLILFHULQJ YDQ NZDOLWHLWJHUHODWHHUGH NQHOSXQWHQ LQ HHQ NHWHQ ]RDOV RQWZLNNHOG GRRU KHW H[SHUWLVHYHOG 4$&&3 ]LH ER[ 

(27)  'H YUDJHQOLMVW LV RQGHUYHUGHHOG LQ GH YROJHQGH RQGHUZHUSHQ SURFHV RUJDQLVDWLH LQIRUPDWLH FRQGLWLHV  NZDOLWHLW HQ NQHOSXQWHQ  YHUEHWHULQJHQ  4$&&3 4XDOLW\$QDO\VLV&ULWLFDO&RQWURO3RLQWV

(28)  'H 4$&&3 PHWKRGLHN LV HHQ V\VWHPDWLVFKH DQDO\VH PHWKRGH RP GLH SURFHVVWDSSHQ WH LGHQWLILFHUHQ WH DQDO\VHUHQ HQ WH ERUJHQ ZHONH NULWLVFK ]LMQ YRRU KHW YHUNULMJHQ HQ KHW YHUEHWHUHQ YDQ YRHGVHONZDOLWHLW 'DDUQDDVW JHHIW KHW LQ]LFKW LQ GH LQYORHGHQ HQ GH PHFKDQLVPHQYDQGHSURFHVVHQRSSURGXFWNZDOLWHLW 'HPHWKRGHEHVWDDWXLWGHYROJHQGHIDVHQHQVWDSSHQ

(29) NHWHQHQSURFHVDQDO\VHUHVXOWHUHQG LQ HHQ RYHU]LFKW YDQ GH NZDOLWHLWVYHUDQGHULQJHQ HQ PHFKDQLVPHQ JHYROJG GRRU D

(30)  YDVWVWHOOHQYDQGHNULWLVFKHEHKHHUVSXQWHQDQDO\VHYDQGHV\VWHPHQHQWHQVORWWHKHWEHSDOHQ YDQGHYHUEHWHUSXQWHQ. %R[ 4$&&3LQKHWNRUW.  $QDO\VH 'HDQDO\VHYDQGHLQWHUYLHZVLVXLWJHYRHUGDDQGHKDQGYDQKHWPRGHOLQILJXXU,QER[LVGLW PRGHONRUWXLWJHOHJG. ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85. .

(31) Chain objectives Logistic goals Organization Configuration Operation Information. Performance - indicators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sUHQ. %R[ 8LWOHJDDQSDVVLQJYDQKHWPRGHOYDQ9DQ*RRUYRRUNHWHQV. .  +HW EHHOG YDQ GH NHWHQ RQWVWDDW DOV HU ELM LHGHU RQGHUGHHO YDQ GH LQULFKWLQJ YDQ GH NHWHQ HHQ DDQWDOYUDJHQZRUGHQEHDQWZRRUG*HJHYHQGHZHQVRPGHORJLVWLHNHQGHNZDOLWHLWLQNDDUWWH EUHQJHQUHVXOWHUHQGHYROJHQGHYUDJHQSHURQGHUGHHOYDQKHWPRGHO  L 2UJDQLVDWLH D :LHKHHIWGHUHJLHLQGHNHWHQ" E :DDUOLJJHQGHRYHUGUDFKWVPRPHQWHQ":LHLVZDQQHHUHLJHQDDUYDQKHWSURGXFW" F ,VHUVSUDNHYDQHHQSXVKRISXOONHWHQZDDUOLJWKHW.223" G +RHLVGHDIVWHPPLQJJHRUJDQLVHHUG RSDIURHSSURJQRVH

(32) ".  ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.

(33) H :DWLVKHWW\SHVDPHQZHUNLQJVYHUEDQG"  LL &RQILJXUDWLHJURQGYRUP D +RHORSHQGHI\VLHNHSURGXFWVWURPHQ" E :DW]LMQW\SLVFKHGRRUORRSYHUEOLMIHQZDFKWWLMGHQ" F :DWLVGHOHYHUEHWURXZEDDUKHLGYDQLHGHUHVFKDNHO" G :DDUEHZHHJWKHWSURGXFWZHOQLHW":DDUEHYLQGHQ]LFKEXIIHUV" H 2SZHONHORFDWLHVZRUGWHUZDDUGHWRHJHYRHJG" I :HONHFRQGLWLHVVSHOHQHHQURO" J :HONHSURGXFWHLJHQVFKDSSHQ]LMQYDQEHODQJ" K +RHEHwQYORHGHQGHFRQGLWLHVGHHLJHQVFKDSSHQ"  .ZDOLWHLW L :LHEHSDDOWZDQQHHUKHWSURGXFWZHONHNZDOLWHLWKHHIW" M +RHLVGHNZDOLWHLWVPRQLWRULQJJHRUJDQLVHHUG" N +RHLVGHNZDOLWHLWVERUJLQJJHRUJDQLVHHUG" O :LHVWHOWZHONHNZDOLWHLWVHLVHQ" P +RHGHILQLsUHQGHVFKDNHOVGHNZDOLWHLW" Q :DWLVGHLQYORHGYDQNZDOLWHLWVSUREOHPHQRSKHWEHGULMIVUHVXOWDDW" R :LHNDQGHNZDOLWHLWEHwQYORHGHQ" S :DDULVSHUVFKDNHONZDOLWHLWVLQIRUPDWLHDDQZH]LJ" LLL 2SHUDWLHSURFHVVHQ D :HONH RSHUDWLHV  SURFHVVHQ YLQGHQ DFKWHUHHQYROJHQV SODDWV LQ LHGHUH NHWHQVFKDNHO"  .ZDOLWHLW E +RHEHwQYORHGHQGHSURFHVVHQGHSURGXFWNZDOLWHLW"  LY ,QIRUPDWLH D :HONH LQIRUPDWLH ZRUGW SHU NHWHQVFKDNHO RYHUJHGUDJHQ DGPLQLVWUDWLHYH LQIRUPDWLHRISURGXFWLQIRUPDWLH

(34) " E 2PZHONHLQIRUPDWLHYUDDJWLHGHUHNHWHQVFKDNHO"  .ZDOLWHLW F :HONHNZDOLWHLWVLQIRUPDWLHV\VWHPHQZRUGHQJHEUXLNW" G :DW]LMQGHEHODQJULMNVWHNODFKWHQ" H :DDUNRPHQNODFKWHQYRRULQGHNHWHQ" I :DWLVGHUHLNZLMGWHYDQZHONHLQIRUPDWLHLQGHNHWHQ" J +RHLVGHNODFKWHQDIKDQGHOLQJJHRUJDQLVHHUG".  $QDO\VHYDQGHLQIRUPDWLHXLWGHLQWHUYLHZVKHHIWJHUHVXOWHHUGLQDQWZRRUGHQRSGH]HYUDJHQ'H DQWZRRUGHQVFKHWVHQHHQEHHOGYDQGHNHWHQ. ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85. .

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‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.

(36) . 5HVXOWDWHQ.  ,Q GLW KRRIGVWXN ZRUGHQ GH UHVXOWDWHQ YDQ GH NHWHQLQYHQWDULVDWLH RS GH YROJHQGH RQGHUZHUSHQ JHJHYHQ VWUHYHQ NHWHQ GRHOHQ HQ ORJLVWLHNH GRHOHQ RUJDQLVDWLH FRQILJXUDWLH RSHUDWLH HQ LQIRUPDWLH 3HU RQGHUZHUS LV GH YHUGHOLQJ LQ RQGHU]RHNVYUDJHQ ]RDOV JHJHYHQ LQ VHFWLH  DOV XLWJDQJVSXQWJHQRPHQ  6WUHYHQNHWHQGRHOHQHQORJLVWLHNHGRHOHQ 3OXVVWUHHIWHUQDDUGHEHVWHYHUVVXSHUPDUNWYDQ1HGHUODQGWHZRUGHQ'H]HYLVLHLVJHw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

(37)  F DFWXHHOHQWLMGLJLQ]LFKWLQGHSUHVWDWLHYDQGHNHWHQTXDSUHVWDWLHRSKHWJHELHGYDQNZDOLWHLW  +HWVWUHYHQHQGHGRHOHQKHEEHQVOHFKWVWHQGHOHJHOHLGWRW NHWHQEUHGH

(38) SHUIRUPDQFHLQGLFDWRUHQ RS KHW JHELHG YDQ RUJDQLVDWLH FRQILJXUDWLH RSHUDWLH HQ LQIRUPDWLH 'H DIVSUDNHQ WXVVHQ. ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85. .

(39) +ROODQGHU HQ 3OXV RYHU GXXU YDQ KHW SURFHV ELM +ROODQGHU HQ GH  XLWOHYHUJDUDQWLH GLH +ROODQGHUDIJHHIW]LMQYRRUEHHOGHQYDQSHUIRUPDQFHLQGLFDWRUHQRSKHWJHELHGYDQRSHUDWLH . 2UJDQLVDWLH.  5HJLHLQGHNHWHQ 'H UHJLH LQ GH NHWHQ OLJW ELM 3OXV PHW QDPH ELM KHW ¶+RRIGNDQWRRU· 9DQXLW KHW KRRIGNDQWRRU ZRUGHQGH SULMV

(40) DIVSUDNHQJHPDDNWPHWGHWRHOHYHUDQFLHU KLHU71,

(41) HQZRUGHQNZDOLWHLWVHLVHQ RSJHVWHOG2RNKRHYHHOKHGHQHQDFWLHVZRUGHQGRRU3OXVJHUHJLVVHHUG]LH)LJXXU 'H UHJLHIXQFWLH YDQ 3OXV LV RRN ]LFKWEDDU RPGDW GH XLWYRHULQJ HQ NZDOLWHLWVFRQWUROH

(42)  ZRUGW JHGDDQGRRUGHVFKDNHOVLQGHNHWHQZDDUELM3OXVGHWHQHPHQDFWLHVEHSDDOG . 3OXV+.. -DDUDIVSUDNHQZHHNSURJQRVHV. ìNZDOLWHLWDFWLHV

(43)  7HHOWDIVSUDNHQZHHNSURJQRVHV ìNZDOLWHLWDFWLHV

(44) . 9HUNRRSEHGULMYHQ. 71,. )LJXXU 5RO3OXVKRRIGNDQWRRULQGHNHWHQ. +ROODQGHU. )LOLDDO .  2YHUGUDFKWVPRPHQWHQHQHLJHQGRP (U ZRUGW GRRU +ROODQGHU LQJHNRFKW ELM 71, ¶LQ QDDP YDQ· 3OXV HQ YLD GH LQNRRSRUJDQLVDWLH 6XSHU8QLH 'H YHUUHNHQLQJ YDQ GH LQJHNRFKWH SURGXFWHQ YHUORRSW RRN YLD +ROODQGHU ,Q GH QDELMH

(45) WRHNRPVW]DO+ROODQGHUTXDILQDQFLsOHDIKDQGHOLQJHUQLHWPHHUWXVVHQ]LWWHQ'XVYDQDI GDW PRPHQW LV HHQGXLGLJ GDW 3OXV MXULGLVFK HLJHQDDU LV YDQ GH SURGXFWHQ YDQDI KHW LQNRRSPRPHQW:DDUVFKLMQOLMNLVGDWLQGHKXLGLJHVLWXDWLHRRNDO]R 'HDIVSUDNHQGLH3OXVPHW71,PDDNWKHEEHQGHYRUPYDQUDDPFRQWUDFWHQZDDULQKRHYHHOKHGHQ HQSULM]HQZRUGHQEHVSURNHQ(FKWHUSDVQDKHWDDQNRSHQYLD+ROODQGHU]LMQGHSURGXFWHQYDQ 3OXV +RH GH DIVSUDNHQ WXVVHQ )UHV4 HQ 71, JHUHJHOG ]LMQ LV RQEHNHQG RRN ZLH ZDQQHHU RS ZHONPRPHQWHLJHQDDULVYDQGH WHWHOHQ

(46) SURGXFWHQ  3XVKRISXOONHWHQHQKHWNODQWRUGHURQWNRSSHOSXQW .223

(47)  (ULVVSUDNHYDQHHQSXOONHWHQ'H3OXVILOLDOHQHQ+ROODQGHUEHVWHOOHQRSDIURHS ¶YDQGDDJYRRU PRUJHQ·

(48) %LMGHDIVSUDNHQGLHWXVVHQ3OXVHQ71,]LMQJHPDDNWPHWEHWUHNNLQJWRWKRHYHHOKHGHQ HQ SULMV EOLMNW QLHW GDW HU HHQ YHUSOLFKWLQJ LV WRW GH DIQDPH ¶NRVWH ZDW KHW NRVW· PHW DQGHUH ZRRUGHQGHJHSURGXFHHUGHKRHYHHOKHGHQZRUGHQQLHWGRRUGHNHWHQJHGXZG JppQSXVK

(49) 71, EHVWHOGRRNRSSURJQRVHGLWLVGHHOVRRNYDVWJHOHJGLQMDDUFRQWUDFWHQHQZHNHOLMNVHSURJQRVHV 'HSDNVWDWLRQVJDDQWHZHUNRSEDVLVYDQGHZHHNSURJQRVHVYDQ71,HQGHGRRU71,GDJHOLMNV JHSODDWVWHGHILQLWLHYHEHVWHOOLQJ.  ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.

(50) 3XVK NRPW LQ HQNHOH JHYDOOHQ YRRU ZDQQHHU +ROODQGHU ¶RYHUWROOLJH YRRUUDGHQ· SUREHHUW ZHJ WH ]HWWHQELMHQNHOH3OXVILOLDOHQ+LHUWRHZRUGWDFWLHIJH]RFKWQDDUDI]HW  (U]LMQWZHH.223·VWHYLQGHQLQGHNHWHQ+ROODQGHUNRRSWLQRSSURJQRVH GHWHYHUZDFKWHQ YUDDJ YDQ GH 3OXV )LOLDOHQ

(51)  GXV LQNRRS RS SURJQRVH  ¶SURGXFWLH RS YRRUUDDG· 'H ILOLDOHQ EHVWHOOHQ GH KRHYHHOKHLG GLH ]H GDDGZHUNHOLMN QRGLJ GHQNHQ WH

(52)  KHEEHQ 'H]H EHVWHOOLQJHQRUGHUV ZRUGHQ VDPHQJHVWHOG GRRU +ROODQGHU RS GDW PRPHQW GXV ¶SURGXFWLH RS RUGHU· +HW DQGHUH .223 OLJW ELM GH SDNVWDWLRQV GH]H PDNHQ GH SURGXFWLH YDQ KHW YHUSDNW SURGXFWGHILQLWLHIRSEDVLVYDQGHGDJEHVWHOOLQJGLHGRRU71,ELMKXQJHSODDWVWLV +HWEHVWHOSURFHVLVZHHUJHJHYHQLQILJXXU+LHUELMPRHWZRUGHQRSJHPHUNWGDWHUPRPHQWHHO QRJJHHQJHEUXLNJHPDDNWZRUGWYDQ3RLQW2I6DOHGDWDYRRU$*)SURGXFWHQ)LJXXUWRRQWGH UHJXOLHUHJDQJYDQ]DNHQYRRUKHWEHVWHOOHQSURJQRWLVHUHQHQOHYHUHQ . 9HUNRRSEHGULMYHQ. :HHNSURJQRVH. 71,. 'DJEHVWHOOLQJ. 3URJQRVH. +ROODQGHU. %HVWHOOLQJ. )LOLDDO. %HVWHOOLQJ. 2RJVWSURJQRVH. 

(53)

(54) . 

(55)

(56) . .   

(57) ) %%& '(.   

(58)  %%& '(. 

(59)

(60) . 

(61)

(62)  

(63)  "! #*. 

(64)

(65)  

(66)  "! #$.   

(67)   

(68)

(69)  

(70)  "! #$. . )LJXXU %HVWHOSURFHV. . 3DNVWDWLRQV *UHHQSDFN71,. EHVWHOOLQJ. SURGXFWLHHQOHYHULQJ. 0DDQGDJRFKWHQG. 0DDQGDJGDJRUGHU VDPHQJHVWHOG. 'DJHOLMNV. +ROODQGHU. 0DDQGDJQDFKW. GLQVGDJRFKWHQGJHOHYHUG 'LQVGDJRUGHUSLFN 'DJHOLMNV. )LOLDOHQ. 'LQVGDJWLMGYDN :RHQVGDJRFKWHQG JHOHYHUG. 'DJHOLMNV. 7ZHHPDDOGDDJV. . )LJXXU %HVWHOOHQSURGXFHUHQHQOHYHUHQ. ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85. .

(71)  7\SHVDPHQZHUNLQJVYHUEDQG 'HYHUVFKLOOHQGHWHOHUV YHUHQLJLQJHQ

(72) ZHUNHQVDPHQELQQHQ)UHV4'LWLVHHQW\SLVFKYRRUEHHOG YDQHHQKRUL]RQWDDOVDPHQZHUNLQJVYHUEDQG9HUVFKLOOHQGHWHOHUV YHUHQLJLQJHQ

(73) YHUSDNNHQ]HOIRI GRHQGLWELM*UHHQSDFN'DDUQDDVWIXQJHHUW*UHHQSDFNDOVFRQVROLGDWLHSXQWLQGHNHWHQ'LWNDQ JH]LHQZRUGHQDOVYHUWLFDOHVDPHQZHUNLQJ 'HVDPHQZHUNLQJWXVVHQ*UHHQSDFNHQ71,LVQLHWGXLGHOLMN GZ]GH MXULGLVFKH

(74) UHODWLH

(75) :HO LQWHJUHUHQ *UHHQSDFN HQ 71, WZHH DFWLYLWHLWHQ WH ZHWHQ YHUSDNNHQ HQ RUGHULQJ 'LW NDQ JHNDUDNWHULVHHUGZRUGHQDOVYHUWLFDOHVDPHQZHUNLQJ 'HGHGLFDWHGDFWLYLWHLWHQYDQ+ROODQGHUYRRU3OXVUHVXOWHUHQLQHHQHFKWSDUWQHUVKLS$FWLYLWHLWHQ DOV LQNRRS HQ NZDOLWHLWVFRQWUROH ZRUGHQ GRRU +ROODQGHU RYHUJHQRPHQ YDQ 3OXV  KRUL]RQWDOH VDPHQZHUNLQJ

(76) PDDURRNGHDFWLYLWHLWHQYDQVRXUFLQJHQGLVWULEXWLHZRUGHQJHwQWHJUHHUGZDWRS KDDUEHXUWZHHUYHUWLFDOHVDPHQZHUNLQJEHWUHIW .LMNHQG QDDU GH JHKHOH NHWHQ LV GH HU VSUDNH YDQ YHUWLFDOH VDPHQZHUNLQJ ZDDUELM HU WXVVHQ +ROODQGHUHQ3OXVVSUDNHLVYDQHHQHFKWSDUWQHUVKLS+HWWRWDOHVDPHQZHUNLQJVYHUEDQGLVYRRU HHQ JURRW GHHO ¶JHERXZG· RS MXULGLVFKH  FRQWUDFWXHOH

(77)  DIVSUDNHQ EHWUHIIHQGH SULM]HQ KRHYHHOKHGHQ NZDOLWHLWVHLVHQ VHUYLFH QLYHDXV HW FHWHUD 8LWHUDDUG VSHHOW YHUWURXZHQ HHQ EHODQJULMNHURO  2SPHUNLQJ )UHV4 HQ GH SURGXFWHQ GLH )UHV4 PRPHQWHHO OHYHUW YRUPHQ VOHFKWV HHQ EHVFKHLGHQ GHHOYDQGHWRWDOHUDQJHYDQWRHOHYHUDQFLHUVHQSURGXFWHQGLH3OXVDDQ]LFKZHHWYHUERQGHQ+HW JHZLFKWEHODQJYDQGHVDPHQZHUNLQJLVGDDUPHHLQKHWWRWDDOEHHOGYRRU3OXV PDDUZHOOLFKWRRN YRRU GH DQGHUH SDUWLMHQ

(78)  PHHU RI PLQGHU EHODQJULMN GDQ ZDQQHHU VHF QDDU GH]H NHWHQ JHNHNHQ ZRUGW . &RQILJXUDWLH.  )\VLHNHSURGXFWVWURPHQ 'H I\VLHNH SURGXFWVWURRP LQ GH NHWHQ LV ZHHUJHJHYHQ LQ ILJXXU  7HOHUV OHYHUHQ KHW JHRRJVWH SURGXFW 1HGHUODQGV RI EXLWHQODQGV

(79)  DDQ ELM KHW SDNVWDWLRQ 'LW LV KHW SDNVWDWLRQ YDQ GH HLJHQ WHOHUVYHUHQLJLQJRIKHWSDNVWDWLRQYDQ$3*WHZHWHQ*UHHQSDFNLQ'H/LHU1DYHUSDNNHQZRUGW KHW SURGXFW ELM *UHHQSDFN YHU]DPHOG 9DQ KLHUXLW ZRUGW KHW QDDU KHW YHUVFRQVROLGDWLHSXQW LQ GH]H NHWHQ +ROODQGHU LQ %DUHQGUHFKW JHEUDFKW ,Q KHW FRQVROLGDWLHSXQW ZRUGW KHW FRPSOHWH $*) DVVRUWLPHQW RS ILOLDDOQLYHDX VDPHQJHVWHOG 2S HHQ DQGHUH ORFDWLH YDQ +ROODQGHU LQ %DUHQGUHFKW LQGHWRHNRPVWRSppQORFDWLH

(80) ZRUGWKHW$*)SDNNHWVDPHQJHYRHJGWRWKHWWRWDOH VHPL

(81) YHUV DVVRUWLPHQW RS ILOLDDOQLYHDX +ROODQGHU OHYHUW GLW DVVRUWLPHQW GDJHOLMNV DDQ DOOH 3OXV ILOLDOHQXLW  %LM71,NRPHQRRNVWURPHQYDQXLWQLHWDDQJHVORWHQWHOHUV ELMYRRUEHHOGKHWEXLWHQODQG

(82) ELQQHQ %LMGHILOLDOHQNDQHUVSUDNHYDQGHFRQFHQWUDWLHGDWZLO]HJJHQGDWRQGHUQHPHUVKXQDVVRUWLPHQW NXQQHQLQNRSHQELMHUNHQGHOHYHUDQFLHUV'LWKHHIWYRRUQDPHOLMNEHWUHNNLQJRSDQGHUDVVRUWLPHQW GDQGHPRPHQWHHOGRRU)UHV4JHOHYHUGSURGXFWHQ.  ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.

(83) . )LJXXU 3URGXFWVWURRPLQGHNHWHQ. .  'RRUORRSZDFKWHQSURFHVWLMGHQ 'H YHUEOLMIWLMG LV ELM GH WHOHU SURGXFWDIKDQNHOLMN NRPNRPPHUV PD[LPDDO YLHU GDJHQ SDSULND·V PD[LPDDO]HVGDJHQHQWRPDWHQPD[LPDDOYLMIGDJHQ+HWEHWUHIWKLHUGH]RJHQDDPGHEXIIHUWLMG WLMG WXVVHQ RRJVW HQ DIYRHU QDDU GH DIQHPHU +LHULQ ]LW RRN GH WLMG GLH QRGLJ LV RP SURGXFWHQ ¶YHU]HQGNODDU·WHPDNHQGH]HZRUGWJHVFKDWRSppQGDJ %LM GH YHUSDNNHU LV GH YHUEOLMIWLMG JHPLGGHOG DQGHUKDOYH GDJ 0D[LPDDO LV GLW GULH GDJHQ 'LW LV LQFOXVLHI GH WLMG GLH QRGLJ LV RP KHW SURGXFW WH YHUSDNNHQ 'H WLMG GLH KHW YHUSDNNHQ NRVW LV JHPLGGHOGppQXXUYRRUGHVSHFLDOWLHV3URGXFWGDWYRRUYHUSDNWLVZDWELM*UHHQSDFNELQQHQNRPW NDQPHWHHQKDOIXXUGRRUJH]HWZRUGHQ 9DQDI KHW YHUV '& LV GH YHUEOLMIWLMG JHQRUPHHUG 'H]H LV PD[LPDDO GULH GDJHQ YRRU DOOH SURGXFWHQ*HVSURNHQLVRPGH]HWLMG¶WHUXJWHVFKURHYHQ·QDDUDQGHUKDOYHGDJ+ROODQGHUJHHIW DDQGDWGLWPRHLOLMNUHDOLVHHUEDDULVELQQHQKHWKXLGLJHSURFHV(HQYRRU]LFKWLJHLQVFKDWWLQJLVGDW +ROODQGHUppQGDJQRGLJKHHIWYRRUSURFHVHQYRRUUDDG. ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85. .

(84) 'H ILOLDOHQ KHEEHQ HHQ JHQRUPHHUGH YHUNRRSWLMG ,Q GH]H WLMG PRHW ¶YUDDJ DDQERG RQWPRHWHQ· 'LW JHEHXUW ZDQQHHU GH SURGXFWHQ LQ GH VFKDSSHQ OLJJHQ 9RRUUDDG LQ GH NRHOFHOOHQ PRHWHQ JHPLQLPDOLVHHUG ]LMQ ,QVFKDWWLQJ LV GDW HU JHPLGGHOG HHQ KDOYH GDJ YRRUUDDG LQ GH FHOOHQ ]DO OLJJHQELMJURWHSURGXFWHQ%LMQLFKHSURGXFWHQ]RDOVGHVSHFLDOWLHV]DOGLWQDJHQRHJQXO 

(85) ]LMQ 6DPHQYDWWHQGLVGHGRRUORRSWLMGLQGHNHWHQ]RDOVJHJHYHQLQWDEHO    9HUGHOLQJGRRUORRSWLLMG 6FKDNHO *HPLGGHOGH :DFKWWLMG 3URFHVWLMG GRRUORRSWLMG GDJHQ

(86)  GDJHQ

(87)  GDJHQ

(88)  7HHOW    9HUSDNNHQ ó ó ó 9HU]DPHOHQ 'LVWULEXWLH    6FKDS  ó  7DEHO *HPLGGHOGHGRRUORRSWLMGHQKHWDDQGHHOZDFKWWLMGHQSURFHVWLMGYRRUYHUVFKLOOHQGHNHWHQVFKDNHOV.  /HYHUEHWURXZEDDUKHLG /HYHUEHWURXZEDDUKHLG LV GHHOV DIKDQNHOLMN YDQ ODQGHOLMNH

(89)  EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG YDQ GH SURGXFWHQ /HYHULQJ GHHOV

(90) XLWYRRUUDDGLVHHQPHWKRGLHNRPGHOHYHUEHWURXZEDDUKHLGWHYHUJURWHQ,Q]LFKW LQFLMIHUVLVHUHFKWHUQLHW  :DDUGHWRHYRHJHQGHDFWLYLWHLWHQ ,QGHNHWHQZRUGHQGHYROJHQGHZDDUGHWRHYRHJHQGHDFWLYLWHLWHQXLWJHYRHUG  7HOHUWHOHQHQHYHQWXHHOVRUWHUHQ  3DNVWDWLRQHYHQWXHHOVRUWHUHQYHUSDNNHQHQNZDOLWHLWVFRQWUROH  71,*UHHQSDFNVDPHQEUHQJHQYDQDVVRUWLPHQWNXQQHQDDQELHGHQYDQWRWDDOSDNNHWHQ NZDOLWHLWVFRQWUROHRYHUEUXJJHQYDQWLMG  +ROODQGHU %UHDNLQJ %XON ILOLDDOVSHFLILHN VDPHQVWHOOHQ YDQ RUGHUV NZDOLWHLWVFRQWUROH LQNRRSYRRUUDDGEHKHHU  )LOLDOHQNZDOLWHLWVFRQWUROHSUHVHQWDWLH  &RQGLWLHVHQSURGXFWNZDOLWHLW 'DWGHFRPELQDWLHYDQWLMGHQWHPSHUDWXXUEHODQJULMNLVVSUHHNWYRRU]LFK'HWHPSHUDWXXULQGH NHWHQZRUGWJHJHYHQLQVHFWLH 2SPHUNLQJ 2SYDOOHQG LV GDW ILOLDDO 9HQOR DDQJHHIW HQ KLHULQ ]LMQ ]H JHHQ XLW]RQGHULQJ

(91)  GDW HU SURGXFWHQZRUGHQJHNRFKWYDQ+ROODQGHUGLHNZDOLWDWLHIZHOOLFKWPLQGHU]LMQPDDUGDDUGRRURRN JRHGNRSHU LQ DDQVFKDI HQ KRJHU LQ PDUJH (U ZRUGHQ GDQ FRQFHVVLHV JHGDDQ DDQ KHW NZDOLWHLWVQLYHDXWHQEHKRHYHYDQPDUJHRP]HW 9HUGHU LV RSYDOOHQG GDW DDQJHJHYHQ ZRUGW GDW UHJXOLHU SURGXFW HHQ KRXGEDDUKHLG KHHIW QD GH RRJVW YDQ FD  GDJHQ .LMNHQG QDDU GH PD[LPDOH GRRUORRSWLMG LQ GH NHWHQ NXQQHQ ZH FRQVWDWHUHQ GDW GH]H YRRU WRPDWHQ DO  GDJHQ NDQ ]LMQ ,Q KHW ¶KDQGERHN 7KHPDZHNHQ $*) ZHHN·ZRUGWDDQJHJHYHQGDWGHYHUNRRSWLMGLQGHZLQNHOPLQLPDDOGDJHQPRHW]LMQ.  ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.

(92) YRRUWRPDWHQGDJHQGDJHQJHHIWGDJHQGDDUZDDUPHQLQVFKDWGDWGDJHQKDDOEDDULV :DWRSYDOWLVGDWMHMHRSGH¶UDQGYDQGHKRXGEDDUKHLG·JDDWEHJHYHQGDDUZDDUMHGHFRQVXPHQW ZHOOLFKWLHWVH[WUD·VPHHZLOWJHYHQ  .ZDOLWHLWVFRQWUROH 'HFRQWUROHRSGHNZDOLWHLWOLJWELMGHLQGLYLGXHOHVFKDNHOV(ULV]RZHOHHQXLWJDQJVFRQWUROHDOV HHQLQJDQJVFRQWUROH 'H RYHUDOO NZDOLWHLW ZRUGW EHSDDOG GRRU 3OXV LQ VDPHQVSUDDN PHW GH WRHOHYHUDQFLHU 71,

(93)  2SYDOOHQG LV GDW GH RYHUDOO NZDOLWHLW YDVWJHOHJG LV LQ GRFXPHQWDWLH GLH JHEUXLNW ZRUGW ELM +ROODQGHUYRRUGHLQJDQJVFRQWUROH9RRU]RYHUEHNHQGLVGLWGHHQLJHSODDWVLQGHNHWHQZDDUGLW JHGRFXPHQWHHUG LV %LM GH NZDOLWHLWVFRQWUROH JHGDDQ RS ORFDWLH +ROODQGHU ZRUGW 3OXV I\VLHN LQJHVFKDNHOG]HNHULQ¶WZLMIHOVLWXDWLHV·7HOHUVHQ71,JHYHQDDQGDW]LM]HOIGHNZDOLWHLW NODVVH,

(94)  LQ GH JDWHQ KRXGHQ 2RN GH ILOLDOHQ JHYHQ DDQ ]HOI WH EHSDOHQ RS HUYDULQJ HQ JHYRHO

(95)  RI KHW SURGXFWNZDOLWDWLHIMXLVWLV 2SPHUNLQJGHHLVHQGLHYDVWJHOHJG]LMQELM+ROODQGHUZRUGHQQLHWJHFRPPXQLFHHUGPHWGHILOLDOHQ 2QEHNHQGLVRIGH]HZHOJHFRPPXQLFHHUGZRUGHQPHWGHYRRUJDDQGHVFKDNHOV'LWNDQOHLGHQ WRW ¶FRQIOLFWHQ· ZDQQHHU ELMYRRUEHHOG HHQ ILOLDDO DINHXUW RS HHQ ¶DWWULEXXW· GLH QLHW ELQQHQ GH JHGRFXPHQWHHUGHNZDOLWHLWVEHVFKULMYLQJYDQ+ROODQGHUYDOW  .ZDOLWHLWVPRQLWRULQJ (HQEHODQJULMNGHHOYDQGHQRUPHULQJOLJWYDVWLQGHDOJHPHQHNODVVHRPVFKULMYLQJHQ9RRU3OXV JHOGWDOWLMG.ODVVH, WHQ]LMHURSGHPDUNWJHHQNODVVH,WHYHUNULMJHQLV

(96) (FKWHUELMGHNHXUGHUV ]RDOV ELM +ROODQGHU LV EHNHQG XLW HUYDULQJ GDW GH HLV YDQ .ODVVH , QDGHU JHVSHFLILFHHUG NDQ ZRUGHQ EHSDDOGH OHQJWH YDQ NRPNRPPHUV ELMYRRUEHHOG GLH DIZLMNW YDQ GH IRUPHOH .ODVVH ,

(97)  'H]H QDGHUH LQYXOOLQJ LV QLHW DOWLMG JHGRFXPHQWHHUG 9RRU QRUPHULQJHQ LV GDW XLWHUDDUG QRRG]DNHOLMN 9HUWDOLQJYDQGHRYHUNRHSHOHQGHNZDOLWHLWVDIVSUDNHQWXVVHQ3OXVHQOHYHUDQFLHULQQRUPHQYRRU GHILOLDOHQLVQLHWJHUHDOLVHHUG  .ZDOLWHLWVERUJLQJ %RUJLQJ LV JHRUJDQLVHHUG GRRU LQJDQJV HQ XLWJDQJVFRQWUROHV ELM GH YHUVFKLOOHQGH VFKDNHOV LQ GH NHWHQ 'DDUQDDVW ZRUGW GH NZDOLWHLW JHERUJG GRRU RS YHUSDNWH SURGXFWHQ HHQ 7+7 WH GUXNNHQ JHVQHGHQJURHQWHQ

(98) RIHHQ¶YHUVOHXWHOGH·7+7GRRUPLGGHOYDQHHQFRGHGLHYRRUGHFRQVXPHQW QLHW GLUHFW OHHVEDDU LV ]LH ILJXXU  'H FRGHULQJ LV XLWJHOHJG LQ ER[  'LW ERUJW HHQ PD[LPDOH GRRUORRSWLMGYDQDIRQWYDQJVWELM+ROODQGHUHQYHUEOLMIWLMGLQGHZLQNHOV HUYDQXLWJDDQGHGDWGH FRGHGLHGHHLQGGDWXPDDQJHHIWJHNRSSHOGLVDDQGHKRXGEDDUKHLGYDQKHWSURGXFW

(99)  2SPHUNLQJ2SERXZYDQNODFKWHQNZDOLWHLWVKLVWRULHYLQGWQLHWVWUXFWXUHHOSODDWVLQGHNHWHQ 2SPHUNLQJ )RUPHOH ERUJLQJ LQ GH ]LQ YDQ HHQ DIJHVSURNHQ GRRUORRSWLMG LQ FRPELQDWLH PHW WHPSHUDWXXU

(100) LVJHUHDOLVHHUGYDQDIRQWYDQJVWELM+ROODQGHU9RRUGHNHWHQWRWHQPHW+ROODQGHULV GDWQLHWKHWJHYDO. ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85. .

(101) . )LJXXU 9HUVOHXWHOGHFRGHULQJYDQKRXGEDDUKHLG. . 'HYHUVOHXWHOGH7+7GDWXP 'H YHUSDNNLQJHQ YDQ GH VSHFLDOWLHV ]LMQ YRRU]LHQ YDQ HHQ YHUVOHXWHOGH 7+7 GDWXP 'H]H FRGH EHVWDDW XLW HHQ FRGH GLH GH GDWXP JHHIW ZDDURS KHW SURGXFW ELM +ROODQGHU LV ELQQHQJHNRPHQZHONH3OXVLQWHUSUHWHHUWDOVGHYHUSDNNLQJVGDWXPHQHHQFRGHGLHGHGDWXP JHHIWZDDURSKHWSURGXFWXLWKHWVFKDSYHUZLMGHUGPRHW]LMQ HLQGHVFKDSGDWXP

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¶RSSDSLHUJH]HW· 2SPHUNLQJ 1D YHUSDNNLQJ LV NZDOLWHLW GXV YHHO EUHGHU GDQ SURGXFWNZDOLWHLW %LMYRRUEHHOG KHW HWLNHW GH VFKDDO GH IROLH PDDU YRRUDO GH FRGHULQJ ZRUGHQ VWHHGV EHODQJULMNHU YRRU KHW EHJULS NZDOLWHLW 8LWHUDDUG LV SURGXFWNZDOLWHLW QRJ ZHO OHLGHQG PDDU YRRU HHQ EHODQJULMN GHHO YHUWDDOGJHREMHFWLYHHUG LQ HHQ FRGHULQJ (YHQ]R ]LMQ NHQPHUNHQ ]RDOV PDQFR·V RUGHUFRPSOHHWKHLGHWFHWHUDEHODQJULMNHORJLVWLHNHNZDOLWHLWVNHQPHUNHQ  ,QYORHGYDQNZDOLWHLWVSUREOHPHQRSKHWEHGULMIVUHVXOWDDW 'LW LV ODVWLJ DDQ WH JHYHQ ]HNHU ZDQQHHU VFKDNHOV LQ GH NHWHQ PHW HONDDU YHUJHOHNHQ PRHWHQ NXQQHQ ZRUGHQ 'H GHILQLWLH YDQ GHUYLQJOHNNDJH LV QLHW LQ HONH VFKDNHO KHW]HOIGH 'DDUQDDVW ZRUGW HU JHVSURNHQ RYHU JHPLGGHOGHQ JHUHDOLVHHUGH FLMIHUV HW FHWHUD PDDU ZH KHEEHQ JHHQ LQ]LFKWLQDFWXHOHFLMIHUV 2SPHUNLQJ :HO LV GXLGHOLMN GDW YHUOLHV DOV JHYROJ YDQ NZDOLWHLWVDFKWHUXLWJDQJ ]RYHHO PRJHOLMN YHUPHGHQZRUGW'LWYHUWDDOG]LFKVRPVLQ¶DFWLYLWHLWHQ·GLHDIEUHXNGRHQDDQGHNZDOLWHLWGLHHU QRUPDOLWHUZRUGWJHOHYHUG%LMYRRUEHHOGKHWYHUNRSHQYDQHHQPLQGHUHNZDOLWHLWGRRU+ROODQGHU.  ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.

(103) DDQILOLDOHQYDQ3OXVKHWWRFKODQJHULQGHVFKDSSHQODWHQOLJJHQYDQSURGXFWHQGDQGHHLQGFRGH YRRUVFKULMIW KHW DFFHSWHUHQ YDQ HHQ ODJHUH NZDOLWHLW ELM +ROODQGHU  LQ RYHUOHJ PHW 3OXV

(104)  'LW LV HFKWHU QLHW HQNHO JHULFKW RP OHNNDJH WH EHSHUNHQ PDDU RRN RP HHQ EHSDDOG QLYHDX YDQ EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG WH NXQQHQ JDUDQGHUHQ 'H]H EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG NDQ RRN HHQ NZDOLWHLWVHLV ]LMQ 'H]HPRHWGDQLQEDODQV]LMQPHWGHSURGXFWNZDOLWHLW  %Hw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wQYORHGW . 2SHUDWLH.  3URFHVVHQLQGHNHWHQ )LJXXUJHHIWGHEHODQJULMNVWHSURFHVVHQZHHULQGHNHWHQ . *UHHQSDFN71,. 7HOHUV. +ROODQGHU. )LOLDOHQ. &'  

(105)      . &'  

(106)  .

(107)          &'  

(108)      . &  

(109) ).    .    .    . (

(110)  ) * %  .  !. ( !+   )' .    .   " .     " . # 

(111) $ 

(112) ! 

(113) %  %  . -, %.    

(114) 

(115) .

(116)           )LJXXU %HODQJULMNVWHSURFHVVHQLQGHNHWHQ. /0!1' % ) .    . .    . ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85. .

(117)  &RQGLWLHVLQGHNHWHQ )LJXXUJHHIWGHWHPSHUDWXXUELMGHGLYHUVHSURFHVVHQLQGHNHWHQZHHU . *UHHQSDFN71,. 7HOHUV. +ROODQGHU. )LOLDOHQ. &   

(118)     &

(119)  .

(120)      .           ! +  

(121)    )   &  

(122) )  

(123)      

(124)  

(125)  *       *

(126)       , 

(127) #. &  

(128) )  . &'  

(129)  .

(130)      .  *

(131) #.

(132)  

(133)  *           

(134) #.       ,

(135) #

(136) .     .

(137)    

(138) ! ,

(139) #"! !#$

(140) #%!

(141) . &

(142)        , 

(143) #.     &

(144)         ! ( !+   '( ,) 

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

(146)  GH YHUSDNNLQJ RI GH NZDOLWHLW 'H]H NODFKWHQ ZRUGHQ GRRU GH ILOLDOHQ.  ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.

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‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85. .

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• GDJHQ

(149)  %LM*UHHQSDFNYHUSDNNHQó 7DEHO 'RRUORRSWLMGELMDOOHNHWHQVFKDNHOV.  'HNHWHQVFKDNHOVSURGXFHUHQHQOHYHUHQRSSURJQRVHEHKDOYHGHXLWHLQGHOLMNHDIOHYHULQJYDQGH SURGXFWHQ GRRU +ROODQGHU DDQ GH ILOLDOHQ 'H SURJQRVHV OHLGHQ WRW RQ]HNHUKHGHQ RPGDW GH GDDGZHUNHOLMNH GRRU GH ILOLDOHQ EHVWHOGH KRHYHHOKHLG QRJ QLHW EHNHQG LV RS KHW PRPHQW GDW GH JRHGHUHQWXVVHQGHVFKDNHOVWRWHQPHW+ROODQGHUXLWJHOHYHUGPRHWHQZRUGHQ'H]HRQ]HNHUKHLG LVDDQOHLGLQJRP YHLOLJKHLGV

(150) YRRUUDGHQRSWHERXZHQRSGLYHUVHSXQWHQLQGHNHWHQ2PGDWGH]H YHLOLJKHLGV

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‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.

(152)  'HILQLWLHYDQNZDOLWHLW 'HGHILQLWLHYDQNZDOLWHLWLVQLHWYRRULHGHUHNHWHQVFKDNHOKHW]HOIGH'LWLVHHQGLUHFWHQORJLVFK JHYROJYDQKHWW\SHDFWLYLWHLWGLHHHQVFKDNHOXLWYRHUW+HWLVZHOYDQEHODQJGDWPHQYDQHONDDU ZHHW ZDW HU RQGHU NZDOLWHLW ZRUGW YHUVWDDQ HQ KRH GH DVSHFWHQ GLH ZHO RYHUHHQNRPHQ JHGHILQLHHUG]LMQ +HW LV RSYDOOHQG LQ GH NHWHQ GDW DOOH NHWHQVFKDNHOV WRW HQ GHHOV WRW HQ PHW

(153)  +ROODQGHU HUYDQ XLWJDDQGDWSURGXFWYDQ.ODVVH,DDQGHHLVHQYDQ3OXVYROGRHW(FKWHUELM+ROODQGHUZRUGWKHW SURGXFW GRRU GH LQNRSHU YDQ 3OXV EHNHNHQ HQ RS ¶3OXV JHVFKLNWKHLG·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ƒ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´3OXV ZLO Gp YHUVVXSHU ]LMQ YDQ 1HGHUODQG GLW YUDDJW RP HHQ SHUIHFW SURGXFW JRHG DVVRUWLPHQWKRJHEHVFKLNEDDUKHLGPRRLHYHUSDNNLQJHQHWFHWHUD+LHULVQRJHHQVODJWH PDNHQµ.  5HDOLVDWLHYDQKHWVWUHYHQRPYDQ3OXVGHEHVWHYHUVVXSHUPDUNWYDQ1HGHUODQGWHPDNHQYHUHLVW HHQ JRHG QLYHDX YDQ YHUWURXZHQ LQ GH NHWHQ +HW YHUWURXZHQ NDQ YHUJURRW ZRUGHQ GRRU HQHU]LMGV GH IRFXV WH OHJJHQ RS GRRUORRSWLMG HQ FRQGLWLHV HQ DQGHU]LMGV RS GH GHILQLWLH YDQ NZDOLWHLW. ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85. .

(154) 2SKHWJHELHGYDQGHGHILQLWLHYDQNZDOLWHLW]LMQGHYROJHQGHSXQWHQWHYHUEHWHUHQ • =RUJ HUYRRU GDW LHGHUHHQ ZHHW ZDW GH 3OXV SURGXFWNZDOLWHLW LV OHJ GLW IRUPHHO YDVW HQ FRPPXQLFHHUKLHUHHQGXLGLJRYHU • /HJYDVWZDDUGHFRGHULQJHQRSGHYHUSDNNLQJYRRUVWDDQHQEUHLGGH]HHYHQWXHHOXLWQDDU GHYHUSDNNLQJVHQRRJVWGDWD • 2RNGHVWULNWKHLGYDQGHQRUPHQNXQQHQYDVWJHOHJGZRUGHQNLHVWGHNHWHQYRRUKHWDIHQ WRHGRRUODWHQYDQHHQSDUWLMPHWPLQGHUHNZDOLWHLWXLWEHGULMIVHFRQRPLVFKHRYHUZHJLQJHQ RIPRHWGHSURGXFWNZDOLWHLWOHLGHQG]LMQ"  %LMGHILOLDOHQZRUGWRQGHUNZDOLWHLWRRNGHEUHHGWHHQGLHSWHYDQKHWDVVRUWLPHQWYHUVWDDQ'H JHwQWHUYLHZGH ILOLDDOPDQDJHUV YDQ GH JURWH 3OXV ILOLDOHQ JDYHQ DDQ EHKRHIWH WH KHEEHQ DDQ HHQ EUHGHU SURGXFWDVVRUWLPHQW 0RPHQWHHO YRRU]LHQ ]H KLHULQ GRRU GHFRQFHQWUDWLH 2S GH]H SURGXFWHQ KHHIW 3OXV PLQGHU ]LFKW RS GH SURGXFWNZDOLWHLW (HQ JHGLIIHUHQWLHHUG DDQERG DDQ GH ILOLDOHQNDQGH]HGHFRQFHQWUDWLHELMGHJURWHUILOLDOHQYHUPLQGHUHQHQGHORJLVWLHNQDDUGHNOHLQHUH ILOLDOHQHIILFLsQWHUPDNHQ  9RRUZDWEHWUHIWGHGRRUORRSWLMGPRHWKHWHHUVWHVWUHYHQGHEHKHHUVLQJKLHUYDQ]LMQKLHUQDNDQ JHZHUNW ZRUGHQ DDQ NHWHQYHUNRUWLQJ +HW JHJHYHQ GDW GH GRRUORRSWLMG DOWLMG ELMYRRUEHHOG YLHU GDJHQ LV PDDNW KHW PRJHOLMN RP YRRUUDGHQ WH YHUNOHLQHQ HQ GDDUPHH GH GRRUORRSWLMG WH YHUNRUWHQ  $GYLHV   %HKHHUVLQJGRRUORRSWLMG o 3URJQRVHV YHUVXV ZHUNHOLMNH YHUNRSHQ 'H GRRUORRSWLMG NDQ EHWHU EHKHHUVW ZRUGHQ UHVXOWHUHQG LQ HHQ FRQVWDQWHUH GRRUORRSWLMG LQGLHQ HU PHW EHWHUH SURJQRVHV JHZHUNWZRUGW'LWNDQQDPHOLMNGHYHLOLJKHLGVYRRUUDGHQYHUNOHLQHQ o *URHLSDG+HWYROJHQGHJURHLSDGNDQEHKHHUVLQJYDQGHGRRUORRSWLMGUHDOLVHUHQ ƒ 0DDNJHEUXLNYDQGHZHUNHOLMNHYHUNRRSFLMIHUVYDQ+ROODQGHU   *DDWGLWJRHG"'DQ ƒ 0DDNJHEUXLNYDQ3RLQWRI6DOHGDWD   *DDWGLWJRHG"'DQ ƒ /DDW71,SURJQRWLVHUHQLQSODDWVYDQ+ROODQGHU" o ,Q]LFKW LQ GRRUORRSWLMG HQ FRQGLWLHV 9RRU EHKHHUVLQJ LV LQ]LFKW LV GH KXLGLJH GRRUORRSWLMGHQFRQGLWLHVYDQEHODQJ'DWNDQHHQYRXGLJJHPRQLWRRUGZRUGHQ   9HUNRUWLQJGRRUORRSWLMG o 9HUPLQGHUHQ NZDOLWHLWV

(155) FRQWUROH PRPHQWHQ +HW UHGXFHUHQ YDQ KHW DDQWDO PRPHQWHQ ZDDURSKHWSURGXFWJHFRQWUROHHUGZRUGWGRRUPHHULQIRUPDWLHLQGHNHWHQXLWWH.  ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.

(156) ZLVVHOHQ HHQ HHQGXLGLJH HQ KHOGHUH GHILQLWLH YDQ NZDOLWHLW HQ HHQ FRQVWDQWH UH

(157)  GRRUORRSWLMGNDQELMGUDJHQDDQYHUNRUWLQJYDQGHNHWHQ o /DJHUH YRRUUDGHQ (HQ EHWHU EHKHHUVWH GRRUORRSWLMG UHVXOWHHUW LQ ODJHUH YRRUUDGHQ 'LWUHVXOWHHUWLQ]LFK]HOIDOLQHHQUHDOLVDWLHYDQHHQNRUWHUHGRRUORRSWLMG.  'HHIIHFWHQYDQERYHQVWDDQGDGYLHVZRUGHQYHUVWHUNWLQGLHQGHNZDOLWHLWVNHQPHUNHQLQGHNHWHQ HHQGXLGLJJHGHILQLHHUGZRUGHQ. ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85. .

(158) . :RUNVKRS.  +HW EHHOG YDQ GH NHWHQ GH EHYLQGLQJHQ HQ DDQEHYHOLQJHQ ]LMQ RS  RNWREHU  PHW YHUWHJHQZRRUGLJHUV YDQ GH NHWHQ EHVSURNHQ ,Q ELMODJH  VWDDQ GH VKHHWV YDQ ZRUNVKRS +LHURQGHU]LMQGHQRWXOHQLQWHJUDDORSJHQRPHQ .  :RUNVKRS6FKRRQ9HLOLJHQ*H]RQG)UHV4z3OXVYDQNDVWRWNDVVD GGRNWREHU)UHV4'H/LHU  $DQZH]LJ. 0LFKLHO%RQWHQEDO )UHV4/RRLMH7RPDWHQ

(159)  -DFFR9RRLMV )UHV4

(160)  :RXWYDQ(V +ROODQGHU

(161)  0DXULFH:XEEHQ 3DWULFN)UDQNHQ )UHV48QLWHG:HVW*URZHUV

(162)  :LP=XLGJHHVW )UHV48QLWHG:HVW*URZHUV

(163)  (ULN+HOGHUPDQ )UHV4$FWLRQ3HDUO*URZHUV

(164)  -DQïZLOOHP'RQNHUV :DJHQLQJHQ85

(165)  )UDQN\.RHNHEDNNHU )UHV48QLWHG:HVW*URZHUV

(166)  0DUFR'XLQHYHOG :DJHQLQJHQ85Y]

(167)  3HUU\YDQGHU0HHU 71,

(168)  -RRVW6QHOV :DJHQLQJHQ85

(169)  3HWHU0RUUHQ 9DQGH*HLMQ3DUWQHUV

(170)  0DUWLMQWMH9ROOHEUHJW :DJHQLQJHQ85

(171)  -DFN1LMERHU 3OXV

(172)  0LULDP6WURXV :DJHQLQJHQ85QRW

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z ººQ YDQ GH GULH YRRUEHHOGNHWHQV z JURQGLJ GRRUJHOLFKW +HW LV GH EHGRHOLQJ GDW GH UHVXOWDWHQZRUGHQJHFRPPXQLFHHUGQDDUGHKHOHWXLQERXZVHFWRU  3UHVHQWDWLHYDQKHWSURMHFWHQGLVFXVVLH 0DUWLMQWMH9ROOHEUHJWHQ-RRVW6QHOVSUHVHQWHUHQDDQGHKDQGYDQHHQ3RZHU3RLQWSUHVHQWDWLHKHW GRHOGHPHWKRGHQHQGHEHYLQGLQJHQHQDDQEHYHOLQJHQYDQGLWSURMHFW'HGLVFXVVLHVSLWVW]LFK WRHRSHHQDDQWDORQGHUZHUSHQ  ï 7UDQVSRUWFRQGLWLHV 8LW GH LQWHUYLHZV NZDP QDDU YRUHQ GDW KHW WUDQVSRUW WXVVHQ +ROODQGHU HQ GH 3OXV ILOLDOHQ SODDWVYLQGWELMHHQLQJHVWHOGHWHPSHUDWXXUYDQÌ&.  ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.

(174) 'LVFXVVLH)UHV4HQ71,VFKULNNHQYDQGHWUDQVSRUWWHPSHUDWXXUWXVVHQ+ROODQGHUHQGH3OXV ILOLDOHQ$DQJHJHYHQZRUGWGDWHHQWHPSHUDWXXUYDQÌ&QLHWEHYRUGHUOLMNLVYRRUGHNZDOLWHLW YDQGLYHUVHSURGXFWHQ 'H UHGHQ ZDDURP GH]H YRRU WRPDWHQ HQ GLYHUVH DQGHUH $*) SURGXFWHQ ODJH WHPSHUDWXXU JHKDQWHHUGZRUGWLVKHWIHLWGDWHUHYHQHHQVYOHHVHQNLSWLMGHQVKHWWUDQVSRUWQDDUGHILOLDOHQ ZRUGWPHHJHQRPHQHQGDDUYRRULVGH]HWHPSHUDWXXUZHWWHOLMNYHUSOLFKW 'HGLVFXVVLHVSLWVW]LFKWRHRSGHYUDDJZDWYRRUHIIHFWGH]HODJHWHPSHUDWXXURSGHNZDOLWHLW YDQ KHW $*) SURGXFW KHHIW +HW ~QHWWR HIIHFW ZRUGW PHGH EHSDDOG GRRU RSVODJWHPSHUDWXXU WUDQVSRUWWLMG HQ ZLM]H YDQ YHUYRHU ORV RI YHUSDNW ZDDU RS GH VWDSHO

(175)  :DQQHHU GH SURGXFWWHPSHUDWXXU YRRU HHQ ODQJHUH WLMG ODJHU GDQ GH RSWLPDOH WHPSHUDWXXU LV LV GLW QLHW EHYRUGHUOLMNYRRUGHNZDOLWHLWYDQKHWSURGXFW+HWLVGXV]DDNRPHUYRRUWH]RUJHQGDWGH YHUYRHUGH$*)SURGXFWHQQLHWWHODQJZRUGHQEORRWJHVWHOGDDQGH]HWHPSHUDWXUHQ  'H ODJH WHPSHUDWXXU WLMGHQV WUDQVSRUW LV RRN YDVWJHVWHOG WLMGHQV GH EHSHUNWH

(176)  WHPSHUDWXXUPHWLQJGLHLVXLWJHYRHUG'HGLVFXVVLHVSLWVWH]LFKWRHRSGHYUDDJRIGHPHWLQJ UHSUHVHQWDWLHIZDV*HFRQVWDWHHUGZHUGGDWGHWLMGHQVGHWHPSHUDWXXUPHWLQJJHUHJLVWUHHUGH WHPSHUDWXXUGDOLQJ PHGH LV YHURRU]DDNW GRRUGDW KHW EHWUHIIHQGH NUDWMH PHW GDDULQ GH VHQVRUHQ

(177)  ERYHQRSGH VWDSHO LQ GH YUDFKWZDJHQ KHHIW JHVWDDQ HQGXVGLUHFW LV EORRWJHVWHOG DDQGHXLWVWURRPOXFKWXLWGHNRHOLQVWDOODWLH &RQFOXVLHVLVGDQRRN HQGDWLVRRNDDQJHERGHQGRRUGH:85

(178) GDWGLWH[SHULPHQWQRJHHQ NHHU JHGDDQ PRHWHQ ZRUGHQ PDDU GDQ YRRU YHUVFKLOOHQGH SRVLWLHV LQ HHQ VWDSHO LQ GH FRQWDLQHU  'DW GH WHPSHUDWXXU HHQ EHODQJULMNH IDFWRU LV YRRU GH NZDOLWHLW YDQ GH $*) SURGXFWHQ ZRUGW DOJHPHHQRQGHUNHQG2RNKHWIHLWGDWGHLQJHVWHOGHWHPSHUDWXXULQGHGLVWULEXWLHZDJHQVYDQ +ROODQGHU YRRU $*) SURGXFWHQ DDQ GH ODJH NDQW LV LV EHNHQG 2P GH]H UHGHQ SUREHHUW +ROODQGHU TXD SDOOHWïUROFRQWDLQHURSERXZ UHNHQLQJ WH KRXGHQ PHW GH SODDWV YDQ GH ~WHPSHUDWXXUJHYRHOLJH SURGXFWHQ WLMGHQV GH GLVWULEXWLH ,Q GH SUDNWLMN LV GLW HFKWHU QLHW DOWLMG PRJHOLMN (HQ DQGHUH PDDWUHJHO GLH +ROODQGHU WUHIW RP WHYRRUNRPHQ GDWGH WHPSHUDWXXU YDQ GH $*) SURGXFWHQ WH YHHO ULFKWLQJ GH Ì& GDDOW LV RP GH EHZDDUWHPSHUDWXXU LQ KHW YRRUWUDMHFW EHZXVW ZDW KRJHU WH KRXGHQ +HW SURGXFW ZRUGW ELM LHWV KRJHUH WHPSHUDWXXU ELM +ROODQGHU RSJHVODJHQ ]RGDW GH RQGHUJUHQV YDQ ‘& WLMGHQVWUDQVSRUW QLHW EHUHLNW]DOZRUGHQ (FKWHU GHWHPSHUDWXXULQKHWYRRUWUDMHFWNDQQLHWNODNNHORRVYHUKRRJGZRUGHQRPHHQODQJHUYHUEOLMI ELM GH ODJH WUDQVSRUWWHPSHUDWXXU HQRI RQJXQVWLJH SRVLWLH RS GH VWDSHO WH FRPSHQVHUHQ JHJHYHQGHULVLFRVGLHGDWLQKHWYRRUWUDMHFWPHW]LFKPHHNDQEUHQJHQ  9HUGHU LV LQ GH GLVFXVVLH RSJHPHUNW GDW ~WHPSHUDWXXUVFKDGH SDV ODWHU LQ GH NHWHQ ELM GH FRQVXPHQW

(179) WRWXLWLQJNDQNRPHQ'LWPRJHOLMNYHUWUDDJGHHIIHFWNDQHUWRHOHLGHQGDWNODFKWHQ RYHUGHSURGXFWNZDOLWHLWZHOOLFKWWHZHLQLJJHUHODWHHUGZRUGHQDDQKHWWUDQVSRUW. ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85. .

(180) ï. ï.  ï. $OJHPHQH FRQFOXVLH LV GDW SURGXFWWHPSHUDWXXU JHNRSSHOG DDQ GH WLMG GDW KHW SURGXFW GH]H WHPSHUDWXXU KHHIW EHSDOHQG LV YRRU GH XLWHLQGHOLMNH LQYORHG RS GH NZDOLWHLW .RUWRP KHW YRRUNRPHQYDQNZDOLWHLWVDFKWHUXLWJDQJDOVJHYROJYDQHHQWHODJHRPJHYLQJVWHPSHUDWXXUNDQ YRRUNRPHQ ZRUGHQGRRUHU YRRU WH ]RUJHQ 

(181)  GDW KHWSURGXFW GH]H RPJHYLQJVWHPSHUDWXXU QLHW VQHO

(182)  DDQ NDQ QHPHQ HQRI 

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~RSYHUDQWZRRUGHOLMNKHLGYDQ3OXVRSGHHWLNHWWHQJH]HW,Q KHWVWUHYHQQDDUNZDOLWHLWHQGHFRPPXQLFDWLHQDDUGHFRQVXPHQWHQNDQKHW]LMQGDWRSNRUWH WHUPLMQGH]HFRGHRPJH]HW]DOZRUGHQWRWHHQ7+7ïFRGHGLHOHHVEDDULVYRRUGHFRQVXPHQW ,QGHZHJKLHUQDDUWRH]DO3OXVZHOGHYHUDQWZRRUGHOLMNKHLGYDQGHMXLVWKHLGYDQGH]HFRGH QHHUOHJJHQELMGHWHOHUV  2SJHPHUNWLVGDWSURPRWLRQHOHDFWLHV]HNHUELQQHQKHWVHJPHQWZDDUZHLQKHWNDGHUYDQGLW SURMHFWRYHUVSUHNHQJRHGJHFRÆUGLQHHUGPRHWHQZRUGHQ7LMGHQVSURPRWLRQHOHDFWLHVPRHW KHWSURGXFWHU DOWLMG

(184) ]LMQPHWGHMXLVWHNZDOLWHLW2PGDWKHWLQKHWYHUOHGHQYRRUJHNRPHQLV GDW GH EHVFKLNEDDUKHLG QLHW RSWLPDDO ZDV PHGH DOV JHYROJ YDQ SURGXFWNZDOLWHLWVLVVXHV

(185)  ZLO 3OXV SURPRWLRQHOH DFWLHV EHWHU FRÆ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‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.

(186) (HQ PRJHOLMNH RSORVVLQJ NDQ OLJJHQ LQ KHW EHVFKLNEDDU VWHOOHQ YDQ PHHU YHUNRRS

(187) LQIRUPDWLH DINRPVWLJYDQGH3OXVILOLDOHQRI+ROODQGHUGLUHFWDDQGHWHOHUV+LHUGRRU]RXGHSURGXFWLHELM GH WHOHUV HQ GH SDNVWDWLRQV QLHW PHHU JHEDVHHUG ]LMQ RS GH SURJQRVH YDQ +ROODQGHU PDDU PHGH RS ZHUNHOLMNH YHUNRSHQ ZDDUGRRU RSVOLQJHUHIIHFWHQ DI ]XOOHQ QHPHQ HQ GXV RRN GH KRRJWHYDQGHQRRG]DNHOLMNH YHLOLJKHLGV

(188) YRRUUDGHQ 'DDUQDDVWNDQRRNGHRRJVWEHWHUDIJHVWHPGZRUGHQRSGHWHYHUZDFKWHQYUDDJHQGXVRS GH ZHWHQVFKDS ZDQQHHU ]H ]RXGHQ PRHWHQ OHYHUHQ 0HW GH]H LQIRUPDWLH NDQ YRRUUDDG JHVWUXFWXUHHUGZRUGHQRSJHERXZG2RNNDQHUHHUGHUEHJRQQHQZRUGHQPHWNODQWVSHFLILHN PDNHQ  YHUSDNNHQ RPGDW GH HLQGNODQW LQ GLW JHYDO 3OXV DO EHNHQG LV

(189)  'LW ODDWVWH LV PHW QDPH YDQ EHODQJ RPGDW KHW RSVODDQ YDQ YHUSDNW SURGXFW WHQ RS]LFKWH YDQ GH RSVODJ YDQ RQYHUSDNWORVJHVWRUWSURGXFWGHNZDOLWHLWWHQJRHGHNDQNRPHQ%LMYRRUEHHOGGHNZDOLWHLW YDQ HHQ ORVVH SDSULND LV QD  GDJHQ PLQGHU GDQ HHQ SDSULND YDQ  GDJHQ RXG GLH ZHO LV YHUSDNW  +HWEHWUHIWGXVKHWRQGHUZHUSLQIRUPDWLHXLWZLVVHOLQJ+ROODQGHUJHHIWDDQGDW]LMGLWRRNHHQ EHODQJULMN LVVXH YLQGHQ 1LHW DOOHHQ RPGDW KHW GH YRRUUDGHQ NDQ YHUODJHQ ZHJQHPHQ YDQ RQ]HNHUKHGHQ  RSVOLQJHUHIIHFWHQ

(190)  PDDU RRN RPGDW PHHU LQWHUDFWLH YHUWURXZHQ VFKHSW WXVVHQGHYHUVFKLOOHQGHVFKDNHOVYDQGHNHWHQ $FWLH (U ZRUGW DIJHVSURNHQ RP JHGXUHQGH YLHU ZHNHQ GH YHUNRRSFLMIHUV PHW GH WHOHUV WH GHOHQ  (HQEHODQJULMNHRSPHUNLQJLVZHOGDWKHWQLHWSHUVºIRXWLVRPHHQYRRUUDDGWHKHEEHQGRRU PLGGHOYDQKHWKDQWHUHQYDQHHQYRRUUDDGZRUGWORJLVWLHNHPHHUZDDUGHJHJHQHUHHUGGRRUGDW VQHORSEHVWHOOLQJHQJHUHDJHHUGNDQZRUGHQ=DDNLVDOOHHQRPGHYRRUUDDG]RNOHLQPRJHOLMN WHKRXGHQ]RGDWWRWDOHGRRUORRSWLMGHQ]RNRUWPRJHOLMNEOLMYHQPHWKHWRRJRSGHNZDOLWHLWYDQ KHWSURGXFW  'HILQL½ULQJGDDUQDDVWLVGHGHILQLWLHYDQ~SURJQRVHQLHWKHOGHU:DWELMYRRUEHHOGELM3OXVDOV SURJQRVH ZRUGW GRRUJHJHYHQ DDQ +ROODQGHU LV YRRU +ROODQGHU ~JHZRRQ HHQ EHVWHOOLQJ 'H WHOHUVVWHOOHQHHQSURJQRVHYDQGHSURGXFWLHRSPDDURRNHHQSURJQRVHYDQGHYHUZDFKWH OHYHULQJ'LWPRHWLQGHNHWHQGXVJRHGZRUGHQJHGHILQLHHUGRPRQQRGLJHPLVYHUVWDQGHQWH YRRUNRPHQ (HQDQGHUEHODQJULMNDVSHFWYDQGHILQL½ULQJVSHHOWELMKHWEHJULSNZDOLWHLW'HSDUWLMHQ]LMQKHW HURYHUHHQVGDWKHWEHJULSNZDOLWHLWLQGHNHWHQYHUVFKLOW.ZDOLWHLWNDQEHWUHNNLQJKHEEHQRS HQNHO GH SURGXFWNZDOLWHLW ZDDUYRRU RRN YHUVFKLOOHQGH GHILQLWLHV ZRUGHQ JHKDQWHHUG PHGH GRRUHHQUXLPHQYRRUPHHUGHUHXLWOHJYDWEDDUEHJULSDOV.ODVVH,HQ.ODVVH,3OXV

(191) 0DDURRN LV NZDOLWHLW LQGH HQH VFKDNHOSXXU SURGXFWNZDOLWHLW WHUZLMO HHQ DQGHUH VFKDNHO KLHURQGHU RRN DVSHFWHQPEWORJLVWLHNHSHUIRUPDQFHODDWYDOOHQ &RQFOXVLHLVGDWGHILQL½ULQJKHHOEHODQJULMNLV]RGDWGHJHKHOHNHWHQGH]HOIGHWDDOVSUHHNW . ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85. .

(192) ,QIRUPDWLHGHFRGHULQJRSGHYHUSDNNLQJYHUPHOGWKHWPRPHQWYDQELQQHQNRPVWELM+ROODQGHU QLHW KRH ODQJ KHW SURGXFW RQGHUZHJ LV JHZHHVW RI ZDQQHHU KHW LV JHRRJVW 'H]H FRGHULQJ JHHIWGXVJHHQLQ]LFKWLQGHOHQJWHYDQKHWWUDMHFWYÃÃU+ROODQGHUHQNDQGXVQLHWººQRSººQ JHUHODWHHUGZRUGHQDDQSURGXFWNZDOLWHLW  7LMG NHWHQYHUNRUWLQJ JDDW QLHW ]RQGHU NHWHQEHKHHUVLQJ +HW LV PHW QDPH ODVWLJ GDW GH SURGXFWHQVRPVLQHHQSDDUXXUYDQWHOHUELM3OXV]LMQHQHUVRPVGDJHQRYHUGRHQ -XLVWGH]HIOXFWXDWLHVVSUHLGLQJPDDNWGDWHULQGHNHWHQYRRUUDGHQZRUGHQRSJHERXZGRP GH GH]H VFKRPPHOLQJHQ WH GHPSHQ 'DDUQDDVW OHLGW GH RQ]HNHUKHLG PHW EHWUHNNLQJ WRW GH GRRUORRSWLMG GHYUDDJ+RHODQJ]LMQGHSURGXFWHQDORQGHUZHJYRRUGDWLN]HRQWYDQJ"

(193) HUWRH GDWHHQNHWHQNZDOLWHLWVFRQWUROHVLQJDDWERXZHQ+HWLVGXVQLHW]RGDWGHNZDOLWHLWVFRQWUROHV GHGRRUORRSWLMGYHUOHQJHQPDDUHHQVWUXFWXUHHONRUWHUHHQRIVWDELHOHUHGRRUORRSWLMG]RXKHW DDQWDOQRRG]DNHOLMNHFRQWUROHVNXQQHQYHUPLQGHUHQ.  $IVOXLWLQJ (U ZRUGW JHFRQVWDWHHUG GDW KHW HHQ QXWWLJH ELMHHQNRPVW LV JHZHHVW PHW VRPV RQYHUZDFKWH QLHXZHNHQQLV.  .  ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85.

(194) %LMODJH(UYDULQJVGHVNXQGLJHQ NHWHQSDUWLMHQ  0LFKLHO%RQWHQEDO²/RRLMH7RPDWHQ 5HQp&OHPHQW²3OXV$PHUVIRRUW :LP*URRWVFKROWHQ²5DLQERZ*URZHUV*URXS )UDQN\.RHNHEDNNHU²8QLWHG:HVW*URZHUV -RUGDQ.RPPHU²*UHHQSDFN -RKDQ.QROO²71, 3HUU\YDQGHU0HHU²71, 'LUN9HUVOXLV²+ROODQGHU 0DDUWHQ=HJHUV²3OXV9HQOR $QGUp=HYHQEHUJHQ²+ROODQGHU :LP=XLGJHHVW²8QLWHG:HVW*URZHUV . . ‹$JURWHFKQRORJ\DQG)RRG6FLHQFHV*URXS/LGYDQ:DJHQLQJHQ85. .

(195) %LMODJH9UDJHQOLMVWLQWHUYLHZV.  3URFHV  :HONHSURFHVVWDSSHQYLQGHQSODDWV"  +RHJURRW]LMQGHEXIIHUVYRRUUDGHQ"  :DWLVGHYHUEOLMIVGXXUSHUSURFHVVWDSEXIIHU"  ,VHUVSUDNHYDQZDFKWWLMGHQ"  :DWLVGHWHPSHUDWXXUSHUSURFHVVWDSEXIIHU"  :HONHYHUSDNNLQJZRUGWJHEUXLNW"  :RUGWHURSEHVWHOOLQJJHSURGXFHHUG"  +RHZRUGHQJURQGVWRIIHQJHVHOHFWHHUG"  ,VKHWSURGXFWNODQWVSHFLILHN"   3ODWWHJURQG1HGHUODQGZDDUOLJJHQSURGXFWLHEHGULMYHQZDDUOLJJHQGH'&V"  +RHYDDNEHOHYHULQJYDQGH]HILOLDOHQRSYUDDJILOLDDORIYLDSURJQRVH"  :LH EHRRUGHHOW RS ZHONH JURRWKHLG GHQN DDQ DDQWDO FROOL WHPSHUDWXXU NZDOLWHLW EUHXN HW FHWHUD

(196) "%LMYRRUEHHOGDDQNRPVW'&HQELMDDQNRPVWILOLDDO:HONH LQWHUQH

(197) SURWRFROOHQ]LMQ KLHUYRRU"  :DWLVGHWHPSHUDWXXUWLMGHQVWUDQVSRUWQDDUSDNVWDWLRQHQQDDUILOLDOHQ PLQLPDDOPD[LPDDO JHPLGGHOG

(198) "  :HONHNHQQLVPDQDJHPHQW,&7V\VWHPHQ]LMQDDQZH]LJPEWNZDOLWHLW  :DWLVGHLQJHVWHOGHHQZHUNHOLMNHWHPSHUDWXXULQGHYHUVFKLOOHQGHUXLPWHQYDQGHSDNVWDWLRQ JHPLGGHOGPD[LPDDOPLQLPDDO

(199) ÆDDQJHYHQRSSODWWHJURQG  2UJDQLVDWLH  :LHLVYHUDQWZRRUGHOLMNYRRUWUDQVSRUWYDQSURGXFWQDDUKHWSDNVWDWLRQ"  :LHLVYHUDQWZRRUGHOLMNYRRUWUDQVSRUWYDQ YHUSDNW

(200) SURGXFWQDDU'&"  :LHYHUYRHUWEHZHUNWSURGXFWQDDU'& XLWEHVWHHG"

(201)   :LHLVYHUDQWZRRUGHOLMNYRRUWUDQVSRUWQDDUGHILOLDOHQ"  :LHYHUYRHUWSURGXFWQDDUGHILOLDOHQ XLWEHVWHHG

(202) "  +HEEHQILOLDOHQYULMNHXVPEWWRHOHYHUDQFLHUV"  +RHYHHO3OXVILOLDOHQ ]LMQHUQRJ¶JHQHUDWLHYHUVFKLOOHQ·VSHFLILHNPEWNRHOPHXEHOV

Referenties

GERELATEERDE DOCUMENTEN

3ODYHLVHOFHOFDUFLQRPHQ LQ KHW KRRIG KDOVJHELHG ++3&&V  RQWVWDDQ LQ GH VOLMP YOLH]HQ YDQ KHW ERYHQVWH GHHO YDQ GH OXFKW HQ YRHGVHOZHJ ++3&&

]DO GLW JHKHHO YHUGHU RQGHUVWHXQHQ +HW EHODQJ YDQ KHW 1DWXUD LPSOHPHQWDWLHSURFHV ZRUGW ERYHQGLHQ H[SOLFLHW GRRU GH 9ODDPVH 5HJHULQJ RQGHUVWUHHSW =R YHUPHOGW KHW 3DFW GH

7HQVORWWHJDDWKHWNDELQHWLQRSKHWYRRUVWHOYDQGH&*%RPGHZHUNLQJVVIHHUYDQ GH:JEKF] VSRHGLJ XLW WH EUHLGHQ PHW KHW JRHGHUHQ HQ GLHQVWHQYHUNHHU ,Q

In this study, the level of vibration is measured in real time using wireless inertial acceleration sensors mounted at four places on the bike: front wheel axel, rear wheel axel,

The SSGs’ poor knowledge of sugarcane pests and their control also indicate that pests are not considered an important constraint, particularly when compared to

Kosten vergelijking aanvoer bodemverbeterend materiaal en com pensatie met kunstmest per 2 jaar bij handhaven van het organische stof gehalte op 2,5%.. Behandeling aantal m 3

&XUULFXOXPYLWDH 2SYULMGDJPLGGDJDSULOWLMGHQVKHWNRQLQNOLMNGHÀOpWHUHUHYDQGH VWH 

De techno-economische analyse van het conceptuele procesontwerp liet zien dat rendabele productie van duurzaam azijnzuur en ethanol vanuit fermentatief geproduceerd ethylacetaat niet