Renewable Energy in The Netherlands

Renewable Energy in The Netherlands

Dr. Martien Visser

Professor Energy Transition & Network Integration Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen

Partner of the Energy Academy Europe E-mail: b.m.visser@pl.hanze.nl

This analyses contains information of various sources and own analyses, including various estimates. Readers are encouraged to add, to improve the quality of the information provided.

 Electricity production by Solar PV reached a record level of 0.16 TWh  Electricity production by Wind doubled compared to 2014

 Average utilization of wind capacity was 21% and for solar-PV 18%

 Net power imports increased substantially compared to the first months of 2015  Coal usage in Dutch power generation increased by 30% y-o-y.

 Simultaneously, gas used to generate power decreased by 50% y-o-y.  Dutch CO2 emissions are on par with 2014.

 The fraction renewable power increased from 8.7% (June 2014) to 11.4%.  The fraction of renewable energy was 6.5%, compared to 6.1% in June 2014.

June 2015

In a Nutshell

• June 2015 data

• Monthly profiles

• Monthly data

• Hourly data

• Miscellaneous

Content

Final Energy Demand

June 2015

Energy is used for many different purposes. In June 2015, the most important applications were heating/gas (15 TWh) and Transport (26 TWh).

Renewables are given by comparison.

16.3 12.0 11.3 8.6 5.9 4.0 3.2 _2.8 2.6 0 5 10 15 20

Gas** Road Transport* Shipping* Power Feedstock* Industry* Aviation* Coal** Ren-Energy*

June 2015 TWh

Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, etc.., own analyses

*estimated **excl. gas&coal-to-power

Final Energy Demand

June 2015 (vs 2014)

In June 2015, gas consumption was higher than last year, mainly due to lower temperatures. Based on CBS data, energy used for feedstock is estimated to be

significantly lower than in June 2014. Due to higher wind and solar-PV,

1.5 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 -2.5 -0.3 -0.5 0.1 0.5 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

Gas** Road Transport* Shipping* Power Feedstock* Industry* Aviation* Coal** Ren-Energy*

June 2015 versus June 2014 TWh

Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, own analyses

*estimated **excl. gas&coal-to-power

CO2 Emissions

June 2015

The national CO2 emissions for June 2015, excluding power imports, feedstock and international shipping & aviation, have been estimated at 12.1 Mton. This was the same as in June 2014. The main

CO2 contributions came from the power sector, road transport and gas utilization.

2.9 3.3 3.2 3.0 1.7 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.9 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5

Mton CO2 June 2015

*do not contribute to the national CO2 target ** excl. gas & coal to power Sources: CBS, TenneT, GTS, RIVM,

In June 2015, the available capacity in wind power has increased by 100 MW

Power Generation

Capacity June 2015

Gas Coal Wind Biomass* Solar Nuclear

Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, Windstats, own analyses

Power Supplies

June 2015

In June 2015, power consumption was 8.6 TWh, the same as last year. Most power is generated by coal-fired power stations. The usage of coal for power generation increased by 31% y-o-y. In June 2015, the average contribution from renewables to the power system was

11.4%, compared to 8.7% in June 2014. 1.86 3.21 0.48 0.16 0.36 0.34 1.94 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00

NatGas Coal Wind Solar-PV Biomass Nuclear Net imports

Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, own analyses

Power Supplies

June 2015

The CO2 emissions from imports are given for comparison, as these emissions do not contribute to the National Dutch CO2 emission level. In June 2015, 80% of the CO2 emissions

from the power sector came from coal-fired power stations.

0.6 2.6 0 0 0 0 0.9 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

natgas coal wind solar biomass nuclear imports

Sources: TenneT, GTS, CBS, KNMI, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, own analyses

Mton CO2

SELECTED MONTHLY PROFILES

Daily power demand shows a week-weekend pattern. Daily gas demand (excluding gas demand for power) is mainly used for the heating market and

affected by ambient temperature.

Gas and Power Demand

June 2015

1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun

Power Gas*

June 2015

GWh

Due to significant power imports, coal-fired power stations showed a week-weekend pattern. Gas-fired generation used, is typically must-run capacity (e.g. cogeneration) or

assumed to be necessary to balance the system. On June 9th_{, the Dutch nuclear power}

station of Borsele was off-line.

Conventional Power

Production

June 2015

1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun

Coal Gas Nuclear

June 2015

GWh

June was rather sunny and hence, combined with a significant increase in installed capacity, Solar-PV production for the third consecutive month. 1 GWh is sufficient to

provide power for a year to 300 households.

Wind and Solar

Power Production

June 2015

1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun

Wind Solar-PV

June 2015

GWh

Renewable energy peaked to 7% on June 2nd_{, while the fraction of renewable power}

peaked to 23% that day. Note that the method to calculate the percentage of renewable energy has been adjusted (see sheets 26 & 27).

Contribution of

Renewable Energy

June 2015

1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun

Ren% Power Ren% Prim.

June 2015

For the six consecutive month, gas demand (excluding gas demand for power production) was higher than in in the same month in 2014, due to lower

temperatures in 2015 compared to 2014

Gas Demand

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014)

Due to lower production from the Groningen gas field and declining gas production from the North Sea, Dutch gas production in 2015 is considerable lower than in 2014.

10 TWh gas is sufficient to supply heat to all houses in Amsterdam for two years

Gas Production

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, own analyses

2015 (2014)

Power demand in June was the same as last year.

Power Demand

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: TenneT, CBS, own analyses

2015 (2014)

Wind power production is volatile. Wind production in June 2015 was 100% higher than in June 2014, partly due to increased wind capacity and mainly due to more

wind availability. In June 2015, the average utilization of wind capacity was 21%.

Wind Production

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: CertiQ, KNMI, own analyses

2015 (2014)

In June 2015, electricity production by Solar PV in The Netherlands reached a new record level of 161 GWh (0.16 TWh). This was 45% higher than in June 2014, mainly due to increased Solar PV capacity. In June 2015, the average utilization rate of

solar-PV capacity was 18%.

Solar PV Production

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: PolderPV.nl, CertiQ, Klimaatmonitor, KNMI, own analyses

2015 (2014)

For the six consecutive month, coal utilization for power generation increased significantly. In June, the average utilization rate of coal-fired power stations in the Netherlands is calculated to be 67%. This percentage includes maintenance.

Coal-to-Power

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014)

In June 2015, power production by gas-fired power stations and cogeneration was less than half compared to the same month in 2014. In June 2015, the average utilization

rate of gas-fired capacity was just 19%. This number includes maintenance and mothballed installations.

Gas to Power

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014)

In 2015, significantly more gas is imported via Gate terminal compared to 2014.

LNG imports

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014)

Renewable Energy

All Sources

2015 (and 2014)

In June, the Dutch National Statistical Office (CBS) released a report stating that the utilization of biomass (‘wood’) by households was significantly underestimated. Moreover, new (higher) data for the usage of bio-oil became available for 2014. The

data for 2014 (and 2015) have been adjusted using this new information.

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014)

The calculation of the percentage of renewable energy for The Netherlands, as fraction of final energy demand (EU definition), has been adjusted this month, taking into account the estimates of the Dutch Statistical Office

about the usage of gas, coal and electricity for non-energy purposes. The effect is a 10% (relative) higher estimate for the percentage of renewable energy.

Renewable Energy

Percentage

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

In June 2015, Dutch national CO2 emissions were at the same level as last year. The effects of larger amounts of renewables and more imported power has been compensated by a higher utilization of

coal to generate power and lower ambient temperatures and thus, a higher gas demand.

CO2 Emissions

2015 (and 2014)

Sources: GTS, TenneT, CBS, CE-Delft, Windstats, PolderPV, KNMI, etc., own analyses

2015 (2014)

In June 2015, substantial gas volumes were used to fill gas storages, depicted as negative values in the figure. Maximum gas supplies (import + production) were more

than 80.000 MW.

Gas Supply

June 2015

1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun

Natural Gas Supply June 2015

Storages Gas import LNG Terminals Production

MWh

On June 24th_{, gas demand in The Netherlands peaked to more than 40.000 MW.}

Interesting to see that high gas demand in the week after June 22nd _{coincided with low}

levels of storage injection (previous sheet).

Gas Demand

Including Gas-to-Power

June 2015

1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun

Gas Demand June 2015

Industry LDC points

MWh

Gas Imports & Exports

June 2015

In May 2015, Dutch imports were higher than exports. In June, the Netherlands became (again) a net exporting country. The level of gas imports and exports is about 40.000 MW.

-80000 -60000 -40000 -20000 0 20000 40000 60000

1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun

June 2015

Gas export Gas import

MWh

Power Imports &

Exports

May 2015

In June 2015, not much power exports were recorded while power imports soared compared to the first few months of 2015. Typically, the Netherlands imports about

4000 MW of power, while it exports about 1000 MW.

-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun

June 2015

Power import Power export

MWh

In June 2015, the utilization rate of the available wind capacity was 21%. This percentage is significantly higher than last year.

Wind Power

June 2015

1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun

Wind Power June 2015

MWh

In June Solar-PV reached a new Dutch record level of 161 GWh. Solar-PV peaked to more than 800 MW on several days in the first half of June. In June, the average

utilization rate of the solar PV installed was 18%.

Solar PV Power

June 2015

1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun

Solar Power June 2015

MWh

The following set of slides presents for each month

in 2015 the hourly contributions of various energy

sources to total power consumption in The

Power Generation

January 2015

In the week of 20-24 January, power generation peaked, due to the net exports that occurred. The majority of the additional power generation has been generated by

gas-fired installations. -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000

1-Jan 8-Jan 15-Jan 22-Jan 29-Jan

Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas

MW January 2015

Power Generation

February 2015

Like in January, low wind availability coincided with net exports of power.

-2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000

1-Feb 8-Feb 15-Feb 22-Feb

Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas

MW February 2015

Power Generation

March 2015

Relatively low imports of power occurred in March. On several Saturdays, some net exports were recorded.

-2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000

1-Mar 8-Mar 15-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar

Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas

MW March 2015

Power Generation

April 2015

Relatively low imports of power occurred in April. On several occasions, mainly on Saturdays, net exports were recorded. April showed several days with high coal-fired generation, while gas-fired generation was low.

-2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000

1-Apr 8-Apr 15-Apr 22-Apr 29-Apr

Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas

MW April 2015

Power Generation

May 2015

In May, high net imports and high coal utilization squeezed gas-fired power generation. -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000

1-May 8-May 15-May 22-May 29-May

Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas

MW May 2015

Power Generation

June 2015

In June, high net imports and high coal utilization squeezed out gas-fired power generation. -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000

1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun

Net import Nuclear Other Renewable Coal NatGas

MW June 2015

The following set of slides presents for each week in

2015 the hourly contributions of wind and solar-PV

to the total power consumption in The Netherlands.

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

5-Jan 6-Jan 7-Jan 8-Jan 9-Jan 10-Jan 11-Jan Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

12-Jan 13-Jan 14-Jan 15-Jan 16-Jan 17-Jan 18-Jan Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

19-Jan 20-Jan 21-Jan 22-Jan 23-Jan 24-Jan 25-Jan Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

26-Jan 27-Jan 28-Jan 29-Jan 30-Jan 31-Jan 1-Feb Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

2-Feb 3-Feb 4-Feb 5-Feb 6-Feb 7-Feb 8-Feb Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

9-Feb 10-Feb 11-Feb 12-Feb 13-Feb 14-Feb 15-Feb Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

16-Feb 17-Feb 18-Feb 19-Feb 20-Feb 21-Feb 22-Feb Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

23-Feb 24-Feb 25-Feb 26-Feb 27-Feb 28-Feb 1-Mar Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Sources: TenneT, CertiQ, PolderPV.nl, KNMI, etc., own analyses

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

2-Mar 3-Mar 4-Mar 5-Mar 6-Mar 7-Mar 8-Mar Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

9-Mar 10-Mar 11-Mar 12-Mar 13-Mar 14-Mar 15-Mar Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

16-Mar 17-Mar 18-Mar 19-Mar 20-Mar 21-Mar 22-Mar Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

23-Mar 24-Mar 25-Mar 26-Mar 27-Mar 28-Mar 29-Mar Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

30-Mar 31-Mar 1-Apr 2-Apr 3-Apr 4-Apr 5-Apr Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

6-Apr 7-Apr 8-Apr 9-Apr 10-Apr 11-Apr 12-Apr Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

13-Apr 14-Apr 15-Apr 16-Apr 17-Apr 18-Apr 19-Apr Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

20-Apr 21-Apr 22-Apr 23-Apr 24-Apr 25-Apr 26-Apr Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

27-Apr 28-Apr 29-Apr 30-Apr 1-May 2-May 3-May Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

4-May 5-May 6-May 7-May 8-May 9-May 10-May Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

11-May 12-May 13-May 14-May 15-May 16-May 17-May Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

18-May 19-May 20-May 21-May 22-May 23-May 24-May Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

25-May 26-May 27-May 28-May 29-May 30-May 31-May Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

1-Jun 2-Jun 3-Jun 4-Jun 5-Jun 6-Jun 7-Jun Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

8-Jun 9-Jun 10-Jun 11-Jun 12-Jun 13-Jun 14-Jun Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

15-Jun 16-Jun 17-Jun 18-Jun 19-Jun 20-Jun 21-Jun Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

Hourly Solar-PV and

Wind Generation 2015

22-Jun 23-Jun 24-Jun 25-Jun 26-Jun 27-Jun 28-Jun Rest Wind solar-PV

MWh 2015

The effective temperature (temperature including wind shield factor). June registered colder temperatures than last year. For comparison, effective daily temperatures of June

2014 are presented at the background.

Effective Temperature

2015

1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun

June 2015 (2014)

Sources: KNMI, own analyses

Characteristic CO2 emissions used in this presentation.

Fuel Specific CO2

Emissions

Sources: CE-Delft, own analyses Power Generation

This presentation is based on numerous sources which present data on energy

demand and supply in The Netherlands. These data, however, do not cover the

entire energy system. Some approximations and scaling factors were thus

needed. The author would like to thank students from Hanze University of

Applied Science in Groningen and various energy experts in The Netherlands

which gave suggestions for improvements of the methods used. Currently, the

aggregated results of this work are in good agreement with data supplied by the

Dutch National Office of Statistics (CBS). It is believed by the author that the

detailed results in this presentation give a fair presentation of the complex

reality of the Dutch energy system.

Nevertheless, the author invites readers to comment on the data provided with

the objective to further improve this work. After all, good and reliable data are

at the heart of any successful policy to make our world more sustainable.

Epilogue