The Englishman's guide to the speedy and easy acquirement of Cape Dutch : grammar, useful information, conversation : for the use of travellers, settlers and military men / Hubertus Elffers

~

... ..

T

HE

'

~nglishman's

Gu

i

de

TO TilE

PEEDY AND EASY .ACQUIREMENT

01'

Cape Dutch

(GRA:\Il\IAR, USEFUL INFORMATION, CONVERSATION)

For the Use of Travellers, Settlers, and Military Men,

llY

HUBE

R

TUS

ELFFER~

AUTHOR OF THE "CO~I'IEJKlAL fl.IJTCH GRA,IM':\R," THE "ELEME!'IT,\RY Dt;TC!t GRAMMAR," ETC., ETC.

Swom TrailS/a/or to the Supreme Co111•t of the Cape Cofo11y,

J. C. JUTA ,._, CO.

CAP£ TOW~~ PORT liLIZABI·:TH, j(HIANN~llCRG, STELLEt\llOStll,

Kr~c \YILI.IA'J's Tows, G!lAHAMSTow:-:.

l\)00,"

-THE

Englishmdn's

Guide

To THE

SPEEDY AND EASY ACQUIREMENT

OF

Cape

Dutch

(GRAMMAR, USEFUL INFORMATION, CONVERSATION)

For the Use of Travellers, Settlers, and Military Men,

BY

HUBERTUS ELFFERS,

Al'THOR OF THE "COMMERCIAL DUTCH GRAMMAR," THE "ELE~lhNTARY

DUTCH GRAMMAR," ETC., ETC.

Swom Translator to the Supreme Court of the Cape Co/o11y.

J. C. }UTA & CO,

CAI'l~ TO'\\"N,,~PORT ELIZABETH, }OHANNE.SBt'RG, STBLLl'.*NBOSCH, KING \\'~'II LIAM's TOWN, GRAHAMSTOWN.

GUIDE TO CAPE DUTCH.

CHAPTER

I.

HISTORICAL SL'GGESTIOXS.

The history of the Cape-Dutch is intimately connected with that nf Srmth Africa.

\Yhen the Dutch settlers arrivPrl at the Cape during the latter part of the seventeenth century, they found the cuuntry in po:.st>ssion of an inferior class of natives wh(l-;e language, a-; well a-; their habits, proved unacceptable to civilized Europt>ans. The process, therefore, which set it~ almo~t immediately, was one of teaching the roaming Hr.tte'i_l-tuts the languaP"e

oi

thetr new neighbours who had c11me with the intention nf becoming their masters. This pwcess was completely successful from the Erst, the savage tongue ea-,ily gi\ ing place to the civilized speech of the Europeans. There are no instances ott record of the Dutch acquiring the clicking speech of their ;,warthy neighbours for the sake uf facilitating intercourse, whereas there arc many of succes::.ful eHorts on the side of the aborigim:s to learn the superior tongue of tho-,e who had come to invite trade, and :-.timulate the virgin soil about the Cape mountains to produce Its wealth.

Xow the langu;:tge of the Hollanders about that time was elaborate and diffic-ult, and proved too much for the

simple native. \Vhen it was given him to handle, he

simplified it, and in an altered form handed it back to the soldier-agriculturist on his farm, and the housewife in her kitchen. They, in their anxiety to adapt themselves to a new country and a new life, took it as amended. Nor was it.

con-4

GUIDE TO CAPE DUTCH.

versation had sprung up, unlike indeed the rich mother tongue of the former, yet intelligible to both, and by common consent accepted as a sufficient means of intercourse. This coming down on the masters' part for the sake of convenience

was not without effect. Both master and mistress were

unwarily caught in the snares of this simplified vehicle of thought, and soon made common cause with their Hottentot servants in using a vernacular shorn of its intiexional beauty. And so there came· into existence a language afterwards known as Cape Dutch, and of late years curiously designated as the '' Taal."

This language has specific characteristics :

It is sufficiently like the Dutch of Holland to mark it out as an offshoot of the language of Vondel.

It has many traits to remind the learner of strong German influences which were exerted during the period of its formation by the influx of settlers from the North-East of Holland and the adioining North-Western parts of Germany, and during the last hundred years renewed by the

work of German missionaries. It contains a certain number

of Malay words which were introduced from Java by hosts of slaves drawn from the Dutch Indies. The French Huguenots who emigrated to South Africa after the revocation of the edict of Nantes, and whose influence on the race became so strong by fecundity on the one hand and habits of thrift and enterprise on the other, abandoned their own language by order of the Dutch East India Company, and embraced that of their adopted country, with such determination, that hardly a trace of French was communicated to it.

On the other hand the influence of Biblical language on a religious people was great and marked. The patois they had accepted as a medium for the exchange of ordinary thought to a large extent made room for better language whenever loftier themes were handled, or prayers made. Then the Scriptures were their guide, from which they borrowed every expression of reverence, :mel each word which in their limited every day vocabulary found no place. And as it happened that many of these people were ardent students of Holy Writ, the speech of South Africa

GUIDE TO CAPE DUTCH.

₅

remained much purer than would otherwise have been the case.

There are now two distinct varieties of Cape Dutch used in South Africa. The one may be put down as a real patois, low and undeveloped, dependent on circumstances and locality, easily influenced, and becoming more and more Anglicised ;-the other a language, lacking the grammatical niceties of the Dutch of Holland, and the shades of meaning which necessarily adorn a tongue of which the learned make use, besides discarding much of the idiom of the North ; but no less expressive, and with a scope scarcely, if at all, diminished ; a language fit for the pulpit and platform, though failing somewhat in expressions for modern ideas, and wholly in technical terms.

This language is used in churches and in courts ; it is the language heard in the Cape Parliament, and is taught in

schools. The other-the real patois-is a much needed

accomplishment for travellers, settlers and every one else whose lot connects him with up-country life. It may in fact be wiled indtspensable tv all South Africans. The opportunities for using it are many and varied, and as the above-mentioned better class of Cape Dutch is possible to be de\·eloped out of it, by the acquirement of a larger Yocabulary, the knowledge of it cannot hurt anyone. It consists of a limited number of ~ouns and AdjecliYes, mostly all thoroughly Dutch, but \vith no declension except a plural ending, hardly any Pronouns, some AdYerbs, a few Conjunctions and Prepositions, a fair number of Verbs, whose stem-parts only are used with a most limited conjugation, and lastly a crowd of Interjections drawn from various ~ources, all of which parts of speech may be supplemented by English ones whenever opportunity demands, or the degree of education of the hearer permits.

It is to this real Cape-patois that the present Yolume seeks to introduce the reader. The higher forms of Dutch are amply provided for by Elementary and Commercial Grammars to which students arc referred, and which have been issued by the publishers of this '' Guide."

6 GL'IDE TO CAPE DL'TCH.

CHAPTER II.

SHADES OF LANGt"AGE AND WHERE TO EXPECT THEM.

The Cape Dutch has nothing nf that perplexing redund-ancy of other languages which gives more than nne name ln an ohject. fts vocabulary is ;,weetly limited, cin:umscrihetl hy the actual needs of expression. Besides, from Cape Point

to the Rhodesian wilds it IS absolutely the same bngnage.

The shades of it, or types of it, depend, more than in any other language, upon the range oi ideas of the u-;er. One who is familiar with it, looks at the man opposite him hcfore lu.:

decides what Cape Dnich in u;,e in replying it> his 4uestinn..:;.

The wmtls employed arc in every way identical in all ca'>e'>-all depends nn the choice. T<• understand this, the popula-tion of South Africa needs only to be studied, in which nearly every element avails itself of the C< •mmnn vern,tcular as a

llecond language. Englishmen, Americans, Hollanders,

Germans, Frenchmen, Italians, Poks, Armenians, Katirs,

Basntos, and Zulus have all alike acquired 1t. The percentage

of Dutch Africanders proper is not a large one, and these even use it sicle hy side with that other language which regularly cdiiics them when in church, at family wor;,hip, nr studying the news of the clay.

Perhaps ihe hest representatives of Cape Dutch are to be found among the .\Ialay population nf the Cape peninsula,

whose worship lh conducted in an outlandish tongue, and the

Bastards hor'l and bred at German missiun stations, where Cape Dutch forms the only medium of expres-.wn. Among either of these classes one may tlnd a readiness of speech unalloyed with foreign elements, which provide" easy vent for all sentiments and every feeling, though being conilnecl

to the narrow limits of a

patois.

Efforts have at various times heen made to lead the Cape

GCIDE TO CAPE DGTCH. ₇

have failed, and are sure to fail. The endeayrmrs of Holland teachers in that direction, which induces them to intr:..duce Holland reading books into their elementary classes, spring from mistaken zeal. The Cape has no need of the polished speech of Holland. To introduce it, would he to add one

more difficulty to the complex language question. The

language of South Africa is cuniincd between the geographi-cal borders of the country, ancl must be strictly so. The vernacular is handy and good in its way, but its birth and growth are both local. ~ o good purpose is serYed by the inh odnciion of foreign polish, howe\ er natural its fit. The U'->e of Cape Dutch i" exten-,iYe enough, and the inherent power of the South African language is snfl1ciently developed to ensure fllr it a long life. It would seem to he meant to merge into and exe1 t its ini1uem:e over the language of the future wlHch may become a useful mixture fit for the wide domain of a Cnited South Airica. For a long time to come the public press and the public platform will keep up the similarity to Dutch which 2oo years of usc have not appreci-ably diminished.

And whereas the propriety may he maintained of requiring a study of Holland :mthors for the higher educational tests prescribed by the e niyersit)' the language taught in schools should be the medium tongue between that of Holland and the low fal01~, which evny child should learn, and which may yet prove to be :1 most potent factor in the successful

fusion of the races on South African soil.

8

GUIDE TO CAPB DUTCH.

CHAPTER

III.

PRONUNCIATION.

Ch;sifying all current sounds under three heads to determine their pronunciation, we have the following :

-(I) the Consonants have in the main the pronunciation which is given them in English.

To this the following are exceptions :

b and d, when final, are pronounced like

p

and I.

g

is a guttural.

h is pronounced whenever it occurs ; its sound is like that of h in hero.

j sounds like

y

in yes.

w has the sound of v.

(2) the Vowels have a long and a short sound. Double vowels always have the long sound.

Single vowels are short in words of one syllable when followed by consonants.

Final a, c,

i,

and o are long.

In word<> of more than one syllable, single vowels :1re

long, if the consonant after them is followed by another vowel ; short, if not so followed.

Long a sounds like a in father; short a like a in Engl1sh

bah! or German JIIanu.

Long c sounds like t:Y in co1wcy; short c like c in cherry. Long i sounds like ec in kceu ; short i like i in lip. Long o sounds like oe in n•oe ; short o like o in pat

GUIDE TO CAPE DUTCH.

₉

Long u sounds like u in French mz1r, but has no equiva-lent sound in English ; short t£ like tt in tub.

Besides these long and short sounds the e has (r) another prolonged short sound, peculiar to abbreviated Dutch words ending in e ; and (2) an imperfect sound corresponding to that of the e in the first syllable of represent. It occurs a.o. in the verbal prefixes be and ge, and in the inflections of Nouns and Adjectives. Where necessary, the long sound of vowels will be indicated by the accute accent ('); the short by the grave accent ( ) ; the prolonged sound of e by the circumflex accent (e), and its imperfect sound by a diaeresis (e).

E:r:amples : taal, language; lat, stick; fader, father; kalbas, gounl ;

pa,

father.

. meel, jiour

i

vel, skin ; bekcr, jug

i

lckkers, sweetmeats i

se, to say j gefind, found j begrijp, to understand j ge, to give. miir, ant; wil, will; fmand, somebodv; kinders, children;

~~~~

-boom, tree j rut, rot; p6te, legs; skottct, clish j gl6, to be/iez•e. muur, wall; ful, foal; bure, neighbours; bulle, they.

(3) there arc a few other sounds to be observed. oe is the perfect English oo in woof

y has a softer sound than Eng. i, and lies behveen the y of prying and the a_v of prayiug. It seems to come nearest to

Eng. aye!

ozt is slightly softer than ow in Eng. cow.

am and ooi are pronounced aay and ooy, with full Dutch sound of <I and 6.

celt is a combination of full Dutch

e

and sound of Eng. w.

oei is pronounced like

oor.

eu and ui have no equivalents in English, and must be acquired by hearing them pronounced. They approach the German sounds

o

and iiu.

10 GUIDE TO CAPE Dl'TCH.

Examples: moeg, tired; koei, cow; lyf, body; fry, free; frou, woman; draai, /o turn; mooi, pretty; lceu, !toll; deur, door; huis, house.

(+) Readmg E.vercises.-Leesoefcninge.

1.

\'an murre

het

ek

al Hoeg opgestaan.

This 111 OYII i 11.~ Juwe I already t'<1Y~\' J.!ol up.

Ek wits

al

buitc voor zuniJp. Di skipe en

I was already outsulc before SllllrlSC. The .,lzccp and

koeJe en pcrele was nug :'tlm~\1 in eli kr:ilc .e;cwees. cows and lzorscs were still all (of the111) in lhe kraals (been).

Ek het soo'ntoc gestap om tc siin hoc eli folk di

fc

I (hau) thither walked for to see 110'11' /he ser-.·ants the cattle

tel. Daar wa;, dri Bocsm~\IIS by eli hek, en tue hul

count. Thac were three Bu~hmcn at lhe Jiale, aud 7t'hen tltev

dit oDpmaak, begin eli sk'tpe s6m~u· nit tc ilL Hoe ht\1 clit it opened, bef!all the sheep ul once out to jiy. Jlou· they it

klaar kry, wect ck nl, maar hul staan en tel,

ready got know I not, hut tluy (just) stood and t otmted,

en ~LS elf Jaatste skaap uitspring, WCCt hul preens tc

and whcu the last sheep out jumped, knew they e.ractly to sl:, hocfeul eli get~tl is.

tell how many the ttttmber was.

Skippe vaar

op

eli

se.

Ships go ou the sea.

2.

H ul rys tusse dl Kaap

They traz'Cl he/ween the Cape

en al di amlere parte tin di wcrcld.

a11d all the other pot tzons of the wo1ld.

Eenmaal w:i.s ck

Omc was I

me met soo'n skip, wat na NMitl gegaan het.

with such a ship which to N alai J{olle is.

Di skip The ship

GL'IDE TO CAPE DL'TCH. I I

was 'n stoomboot g~wees.

was a steamer! (been).

Ons het

ag

d{t'l: gefaar.

We ( hat•e) etj!,ht davs sailed. Dit was 'n bitji Elllg gewees, maar di weer was ell mee<>te It was a ltttle Ion;.: (bct:n) but the weather was the most L'm eli tijd slcg. Almil op eli skip het eli eerste ch!g of the time bad. All 011 the ~lllp lzaz,c the first day al siik gl!word.

Dit

w~\s 'n uaarhycl om te siin h< •e

alreadv tll become. It u•as a sad thi11g for to see lw.t•

df mense lrimdlc. ).bar <'m» bet daarom

fylig

the people were ly111,1.[ alwut. Hut Wt lllm: however sajt ly claar ~mgi!k•Jm. Ek bet di Emd hinje gl!lyk, en

up

rli

there arn<.•t:d. I haze the coun/Jy much liked, ami on the

terugrys w~!s ck hy Blomf,'Hltyu, Colesberg, Beauf•'Jrt,

retum joumey (was) T LZt Hlocmfoutein, Colesber;.:, Beaujorl, \Vest \:n Df Perl {mgewees.

IVest llllli The Jlaarl touched.

~~~~~~

_r

_{-.r:U •}

I~') I .Ci

12 GUIDE TO CAPE DUTCH.

CHAPTER IV.

GRAMMAR..

I. THE NOU~.

1. The Cases.

In Cape Dutch the Cases of Kouns are not indicated by inflection. The Possessive is expressed by means of the

prepositionfan, or the Possessive Pronoun syn, (pronounced

s'11), Plural hullii ; and the Dative by the Preposition fir (Eng. for) which likewise precedes the object of a Transitive Verb.

Examples: Dit is myn fader s'n huis.

Dit is di huis fan myn fader. } This is my father's house.

Di boere htille £roue is by di huis. The farmers' wiz•es are t1l home.

Hy het di appel fer di kind gege. He has giz•m the app!r: to the child.

Hy het dit fer hom gese. He has told him so. 2. The Plural.

The Plural is formed by adding sore to the Singular. As a general rule X om1s of more than one syllable ending in el, em, en, er, aar, ii, aard, ing, form their plural in s, while all the rest, whether of one or more syllables, take e : ket.tels kettles; bcsems, brooms; dekens, blankets; akki.irs, acorns handelaars, merchants ; bankiirs, bankers ; luiaards, la=y people kettings, chains.

GUIDE TO CAPE DUTCH. 13 Exceptions : The following nouns take s instead of e : -seuns, so1zs; arms, arms; neefs, cousins; ooms, uncles; maats, mates ; koks, cooks ; mans, men ; knegs, man-sen;ants.

Observations : (a.) When the final consonant of a noun is preceded by a short vowel which remains short in the plural, that consonant is doubled before the plural ending e, as : dak, roof, plur. dakke; bok, goal, plur. bokke ; blik, tin, plur. blikke ; kar' cart, plur. k<'me j mes, knife, plur. messe ; jas,

coat, plur. jasse.

(b.) The following nouns form their plural irregularly : pad, road, paaie ; blad, leaf of a book, blaaie ; bh'td, leaf of a tree, blare ; vark, pig, varkcs ;

kalf.

calf, kalvcrs ; lam, lamb, Iammers ; kind, child, kinders; tree, step, treeje. Words ending in d or

f

change these letters into j or w respectiYely before finale ; e.g. pad, road, paje; graf, grave, grawe.

3· The Gender.

There are three genders in Cape Dutch, viz. :

The MASCULINE gender for the names of all male living beings;

The FEMDHNE gender for the names of all female living beings;

The NEL'TEH. gender for the names of objects having no

natural gender. Since the distinguishing adjectives di, the, and 'n, a (an), have no declension, very little attention need be paid to genders. There are three ways of expressing the names of the two sexes :

(a.) By using the suffixes in, es, ster in forming female apellations from male ones, as : k6ning, king, k6ningin, queen ; beer, bear, berin, she-bear; digter, poet, digteres, poetess; bakker, baker, bakster.

(b) By using different words for either sex, as : man, man, husband ; frou, woman, wife. fader ,father; moeclcr, mother.

pi (pappa), father; m{t (mamma) mother. mcneer, Mr., Sir; juffrou, Mrs.

seur, sir; noi, madam; jongnoi, miss. broer, brother; sustcr, sister.

GUIDE TO CAPE Dl'TCH.

neef, cousin, nephew; niggi, cousin, niece. oom, undc; tante, aunt.

peetoom, go,~faihcr; peettante, godmother. jungetji, boy; mysi, girl.

jong, scruant boy ; myd, scrz•ant ~irl.

jonkman,

yozmJ.!

man ; jonge dogtcr, young u•o11wn. hengs, stallion ; } .

. , ll' mern, marc.

rum, J!.e ' !111{ ;

bul, bull; ko~i. cvw. beer, boar; sog, sow.

ram (kapater), ram ; ooi, ewe. hond, dvJ.f; tee£, lntch. haan, cock ; hen, hen.

(c) By prei1xing or affixing 4ualifyiug words :

mens, man; mausmens, froumens.

kind, child; jongetjikind, mysikind. skaap, slu;(p ; :-.kaapram, skaapooi. hok,!foat; hokram, bokooi. ful, colt ; hengsful, merriful. kalf, calf; bulka lf, ferskalf.

eend, duch; mannetjiecnd, wyiicend.

4· Diminutives.

Diminntives are a characteri.,tic of Cape Dutch, being largely used as terms of endearment.

They are formed by adding to the Nouns tht: suffixes i (plur. iis),

t;i

and i_!(ii.

Examples : huisi, little house ; p!aasi, little farm ; jm;:.:.ft, small load ; dmpi, small village.

bvvmj>i, small tree ; armpi, little arm ; halmpi, small stalk ; 1·iimpz, small strap.

jJou~ji, liitle woman (dear wife) ; kniitji, little knee ; boontji, small bean ; kamcrtji, little room.

rollclj"i, small reel ; hommetji. small basin ; kanni.;~ii.

small jug ; rinJ.;i•fjz, small ring; karrilji, small cart. Notice further :

GUIDE TO CAPE DGTCH.

₁₅

klonki, little boy ; pietinki, saucer ; boeti, sussi, appellations of the eldest brother and sister in a family ; tanni, neji, nig~i,

endearing terms for aunt, cousin (male and female).

II. The Article.

There are in Cape Dutch two Articles, viz.:

The Dclinite Article di

=

the, alike for all genders, singular and plural.

The Indefinite Article

ecn

= a or an, abbreviated to

'n.

Both Articles are indeclinable.

Ill. The Adjective.

I. Adjectives of quality, occurring before X ouns, are inflected

by taking a11 e, as : Dis 'n fraaie perd, this is a pretty horse. Hy het 'n goeie moeder, he has a ~ood mother.

2. A" in English, the Adjectives are abo inflected to

express degrees of cump:.trison. The Comparative is formed

by adding er, and the Superlative hy adding sl to the Positive form, as: Gruot, lar.~e, Zwak, weak, Duur,

expmsiz•e,

Blij, ~lad, Lief, dear, Kwaai, a11~ry, ..\lin, little, ..\Iager, thin, Gehoorzaam, ohedzmt, grooier, zwakker, duurtler, hlijer, liewi·r, kwaaier, mincler, magenler, gehoorzamer, groot"t. zwakst. duurst. blijst. lief st.. kwaaist. mi nst. mag erst. gehoorzaamst. 3· The following have irregular forms of comparison :

Goed, ~ood, bet.er, best.

Feul (banjc), 1/lluh, meer, meest.

Sleg, bad, erger, ergst.

Graag, liwers, liefst.

(a) This last word is an Adverb, and corresponds to the English verb "to like" used in conjunction with verbs, as:

for

GUIDE TO CAPE DUTCH.

H y wil graag kom. Hy williwers bly.

H

y wil di liefste gaan.

He likes to come. He would rather stay. He prefers going. 4· In some cases

meer,

more, and

mecst,

most, are

comparing adjectives, as : used

H y is meer ~kelm as syn broer.

Di esel is meer moeg as di perd.

Di fader is in di dorp meer bekend, as di seun.

He is more sly than his brother.

The mule is more tired than the horse.

The father is better knoum in the town than the son.

IV.-The Pronoun.

1. Personal Pronouns.

Singular. Ek, I ; my, me. Jy, you; jou, you. Hy, he; hom, him. Sy, she; haar, her. Dit, it; dit, tt.

2. Possessive Pronouns. Singular. Myn, my.

Jou,

your. Syn, his. Haar, her. Syn, its. Plural. Ons, we ; ons, us.

J

ulle, you; julle, you. Hulle, tlzcv ; bulle, them.

(Jul and Hul are used as abbre\'iations.J

Plural. Ons, our.

T u11e, your. Hulle, their.

(Jul and Hul are Ubed as abbreviations.\

Note.-The Personal and Possessi\'C Pronouns of the second persons are only used when speaking to equals or inferiors. It is a mark of reverence to omit them, substituting for them the name of the person addressed. Expressions like, " Oom, wat bet Oum met Oom syn fc gemaak ? '' " Cllclc, what did you do with your caltle l "-an: most common.

3· Demonstrative Pronouns. Dit, this.

Hier-di, this, these. Deuskan t -syne, Andcrkant-syne,

Dat, that.

Daar-di, that, /hose. this on,· here, the one 011 this

side.

l;l'!IJE TO CAI'E Dl'TCIL

T7

Example".

Ilet jy dit a! ouit ge..,Iin :

Kan JY dat fersta:m ?

\\'atter percl het siik

ge-W<Jtd? Hin-di.

Ek wil cbar-di percl fcr-koop.

\\'atter boom sal ck omkap,

deuskant-syne ?

:-Je, anderkaut-syue :-,al beter wees.

+

Interrogati\'e Pronmms:

\\'i, 1:•ho ! \\'at, ,vhat?

5· H.elative PitJllOUIIS :

Did Vlllt <"Z'i'r see !his.' C<111 vou 1/tltlrrs/,wd thai !

H'hic!t horse !tas ba11 taken ill.

Thi~ o11e.

I want to sell that horse. Which tree shall I chop

duwn, I hi; u11e !z,·re ! Xo, thai one vonder will be

better. ·

\\'atter, «•Inch !

The only rclatin:· pnmoun used for all genders singular

aurl plnral is •· wat," who, which t)r thai.

fl. lncle11nite Pronouns :

ImauL;, somchodv; nimand, 11ohodv; idereen, t"z•rrv/Jodv;

iih, sumt!huij{: niks-I.i, notlimg; 'n mens, one;

'>< Jtnmige, sm11c feuplc ; eenig een, nny unc ; party, wme.

V.-The Verb.

r. The cc•njugatiun of the Cape Dukh \ erb IS \cry

"imple.

Tlw ;-,tl'm-parl of the Holland Dutch verb l'on-;titnl es tlw

luliniti\'e fllrlli <li the Cape Dukh verb, all(] this remaiu" un

altered tlHouglwut the entirL' C<Jlljugation; hence there arc

no per:-,ou l'lldl!Igs, there is 110 f.,nn fur the imperfect ''r past

tense, and the pa-;t participle 1s om·e 111ore the slelll with the

prefix

;:e.

.\~ a11 illu~tration we _g1n.: the iull conjugation of

the \'erb k<'Jm, /,J co111e.

2. Co::-;n·G.\TIO'\ oF rHE \'EI<B "kum,'' to co11re.

I nl1niti\'e Pre..,cnt : te kom, /,' <'<WI C.

18 GL'll>E '1 0 CAP F. DL'TCII.

hul!calizte Mood.

Present Tense.

Ek, jy, hy, ous, julle, hulle kom, I come, etc. Perfect Tense.

Ek, jy, hy, ous, julie, hulle het gck<ll11, I hm•e come,

etc.

Future Tense.

Ek, jy, hy, ons, julle, hulle sal knm, I shall rome, etc. Future PcrkcL

Ek, jy, by, <lll:i, julle, hullc sal gekom he, I shall have come, etc.

Conditional Present.

Ek, jy, hy, <Hl::>, julle, hnllc sou kom. I should come, etc. Comlttional l'et fed.

Ek, jy, hy, on~. jul:c, ltnlle ;..ou gekom he, I should have come, etc.

I mpcralzz•e. Kom, come (thou or yc).

3. The Perfect Tense, or sometimes the Pluperfect Ttnsc, takes the place of the Past Tense in Cape Dutch verbs. There are, however, six verbs in vvhich the form of the Imper-fect Tense still sut ,·ive;,, viz. : te

be,

lu have; h: wees, to be; sal,

shall ; kan, cent ; mod, lllltsl ; wil, will ; which have-had,

was, sou, kou, 1111 Jes, wou -for their Past Tenses.

4- The verbs llC and wecs being irregular in their

con-jugation, we give them i11 full.

Co~JL'GATlO~ OF THE VERBs

he,

to have, and wees, to be. lnlinitive Pt esent: te

he,

to have ; te wees, lu be.

Pa::>t Participle : gehacl, had ; gcwees, bee11.

I11dit allt't: Jl ood. Present Tense.

Ek, jy, hy, ons, Jnlle, hnlle het, I lwz c, eh.

, ,, , , ,, is, I am, etc.

Ek, jy,

"

"

Perfect Tense.

hy, ons, j ulle, hulle het gelud, I have had, etc. , ,, , , is gewets, I luwc been, ete-.

GUIDE TO CAPE DCTCII.

Past Tense.

Ek, jy, hy, ons, julie, hullc had, I had, etc.

,, , ,, ,, , ,, was, I Wtls, etc.

Pluperfect Tense.

Ek, jy, hy, ems, julle, hulle had gehad, I hnd had, til.

, , , ., . , , was gewees, I had bec11, etc. Future Tense.

Ek, jy, by, ons, julle, bulle ~nl he, I ~hall luwc, clc.

Ek, jy, hy, ons, julle, hu1le sal wccs, I shall he, etc. Future Perfect.

'9

Ek, jv, hy, ons, julle, bulle sal gchacl h0", I shall hm•c had, etc.

Ek, jy, hy, ons, jttlle, nullc sal gewees he*, I shall hm•e been, etc.

Conditional Present.

Ek, jy, hy, ons, julie, hulle sou he, I should luwc, etc. Ek, jy, hy, ons, julie, bulle sou wees, I should be, etc.

Conditional Perfect.

Ek, jy, hy, ons, julle, bulle sou gehad hl:*, I should ha,•e had, etc.

Ek, jy, by, ons, julie, lmlle sou gcwees lu~*, l should luwc been, etc.

Imperative.

He",

h,we (thou or ye): \?ilces, be (thou or yc).

5· The following verbs are the only ones that rdaiu t!Je final11 tlf the Infiniti\·e Mood of Il<>lland Dutch verbs: dom, to do ; siin, to see; J!.aan, to go ; staau, to st;md ; slaan, to strike.

This form is likewise retained throughout the coujugalion.

Ek clnen,

Jy

cloen, Hy doen, ek siin, jy siin, by siiu, Examples: Pn:sent Tense. ck gaan, jy gaan, hy gaan, ek staan, jy staan, hy staan, ek ~laau. jy shan. hy slaan, etc.

~un:.-ln the pla<.:e'i m.trke<l with an a'leri'k i*J t1_{1e form "hd" i~}

20 (,\'!]IE TO CAI'E IWTCII.

Perfvct Ten-.e.

Ek hd ged•>en, het gl'-;iin, hd gegaan, het ges1.a,m, hd geslaan.

Future Tense.

Ek -.,a! due11, sal -.,lin, s:d gaan, -.,a! sta:111, sal slaau, etc.

o.

The Cape Dnkh ba:, a d!luhh· negation, an

uumist,tk-ahle ~ign of the iuiluenee uf t ht Freud1 langnage upon it

dming the pe1 10Ll of tis fnrntatiun.

t..:xample..,:

Ek het ui fer h()m gesiin ui,

Ek wed niks ni fau ch tliug,

Ek het dit nug nr,oit gelwor ui,

On-, bet daar nimand gekt y ni,

I hm•,u't S<'t'll him.

I kuow nolliill~tlho>lll tht' malhr. I llL<'<T hc11Jd !hal \d.

TI'c f<'ltlld 110 one there.

1· List nf some of the Principal Verbs.

(The Euglish io.; arrangnl alphabetically.)

Antwoonl, lo llll.,1t't r. SL' lH JOJHHaak, /u clct!ll.

Fr~tag, to t!Sh. Klun, /,, dimh.

flak, to htrht. Tr,e ma;1k, to clu.,e.

Do•Jj>, lo bafllsc.

_Tt'"'"'•

/,, wmf,,J/.

Bad, lo h11tlte. Angaan, /ol 1 lllliillltl'.

1~eg111, to bc,:.:111. l{nok, ttl (Ll(l/;,

t ;lu, /,J heliez•c. K1uip, /o tre<f.

Bnig, /o houl. Sny, lo mi.

Biud, In hind. Durf, /o dare.

Byt, lo bit,·. Ilaucle:, to dt'til.

Blaa~, to [,lou. Bt:·driig, ln dccch·t.

\Ya:u, to h/o,,• (zt•iud ). Fe1lo~:>, It' cf,·/iz•cr.

Brcek, tv brcah. Fi:rwoe-.,, lodes/roy.

Breug, to bnnf!. Stetf, /o .!zt.

Hou, lu build. Frek, lo dzt ( oj llllllll<lls ).

B;n "• /o /mr:-1. (~t aal, _{/tl dt,; (h• I J"Cllt lz ).}

Kuop, to buv. Dol,

i

H.t>ep, /o uzil. Ft:rclwvu, /tl disaffeur.

Skr.:, to call out. Ilindet:, to ,/islurh.

Draag,

to

<ell

n·.

Ft!rcleel, in dizo1dL'.

F·ang, /o with. Autrl'k, to d~t''·'·

Kns, f,, 'hou\t. I>rinl,, lu d1i11k.

Gl'IDE TO CAPE JJl'TCll. Jl

D1 ong, In drv. Fi:rhuur, lo "I.

Eet, lo e1il. Ansted-:, to li_i!)zt.

GeiHit, fo CillO\'. . \nmaak, lo li).!.ht (a _ltn').

Ft:rneem, to niqinrc. Lyk, lo l1he.

Omfal, to (all lh't'l'. Led, Ia I ~<'c.

Foe!, lol .!eel. Laai, tu lo11d.

Feg, to.!tJ;ht. Kyk, to lt•oh.

Find, to /zud. Lid he, to lo;•e.

Fiug,

t,,

·tiee. Loei, to lo,,•.

Fli, to tiv. :\Iaak, lo lll<lkc.

F~rgeet, Ia jo1~!!,cl. :\It·et, to lltt'llSllJ c.

KJy, lu ,!!,<f. Ontmod, lo med.

Fcrsuip. to J!d dro;,•ued. i\h,, t,, /lttos.

Bederf, lo ~t'/ .,pm!ed. :\bai, tollttm•

Skrik, io .!!.el ~i.rrllcd. ~( ll'l11, lo tzamc.

Ge,

ft I J.It._ 't'. Fe1i, to fatut.

Gly, lo.l..,hd,·. Omknm, to pcri-,/z.

i\Iaal, to lfrind. I 'Ink, io fi<h.

Gn>ei Jo .~ro.t'. Optel, to pic!; up.

Rtai,' [, • ).!.ltc~s. Plant, [,, fl.wt.

Ha'el,

t,,

hail. Spenl, to flay.

Hang, to hall)!,. Giit, to four

(;ebeur, lo hatfell. Skt·nk, lo j>oll 1 llllt.

Genees, to hml. Pry..,, to prais,·.

Help, to lzclf. Bid, to pmy.

\\'egskt>k, to hui<'. Druk, to frc,s.

Huur, to hire. BGh~, ftl promi-,c.

H.aak, lo hit. Straf, to fitlllsh.

Huu, It• hold. Berg,

f,,

j>ul by.

Hoop, to hoj>c. H.e'e1t, to nziu.

Jag, lo hunt. Lee~, [,, I'Ctld.

Spting, [,,jump. Ontfaug, lu ,..., t'l<'t.

Sk•,p, to kick. Bly, /o J'LIIl<lill.

Do< •cl maak, ttl kill. I~u~,

,,,

"''''·

\\' eet, ,,, killltl'. H.IHhct r, Ltl I"Otl'l (lt>J'/1).

Klop, to k11••t k. Bra.ti, lo roaslr' mutt).

Duur, lu lml. F.tat, lo Still.

l...~ag, /,, lau).!.h. I~L·d, to -;m·c.

Ly, lu !.:ad. Saag, lo

.,!1

<f.!.

Leer, Lo lt'llrJl.

s0,

tv say.

Ferlaai, lo lea;•t. Soek, Lo set h.

22 Fcrkoop, Laat fat, Xaai, Skncl, Skyn, Skiit, \Vys, Sug, Sing, Sit, Slaap, Ruik, Rouk, Klink, Saai, Spreck, Spuit, Opkom, Uitloup, Steel, Stap,

"

Ophou, GUIDE TO CAPE Dl:TCH. to sell. Stryk,

to set out. Suig,

to sew. Fe, to shake. Swcm,

to

shme. N eem,

to

shoot. Anfal, tv shoiA•. Praat

to sig,lz

Prod:

to sinJ!..

Fertel, to sit. Liig,

to

slce]' Denk,

to

wzt'll. Trap, to smoke. Bebandd, tv sound. Draai, to sou·. Bcgryp, tv speak. Kuier, to spout. Loop,

to :.print: up.

\Vas,

tv sprnut. \\T

e,

to

steal. \\Tin,

to step. \\Tincl,

to pace (of a horse).\\' erk,

to stop. \Vensch, Skry, to write. to stroke. to SttGk. to sweep. to swim. to take. to take hold ot. to talk. to taste. to tell. to tell a lie. to think.

to

tread. to treat. to turn. to understand. to visit. to walk. to t.Jash. to WeiJ.th. to win. to 'lr:i11d. to work. to wish.

Of the four remaining parts of speech-the Aclv~rh,

Preposition, Conjunction :1ncl Inlerjection- -tho;,e principally

used arc the following :

V!. The A"verb.

1. Adverbs of Time : N ou, now ; ooit, ez•er; nouit, llct•er;

altyd, alway;; clih\ ib, oj[m ; b;mje maal. ojlm j fer

cffc,

a

lilllnt'lzilc ago; net nou, just now; been en weertjes,for a lzttle

while; fauclaag, to-day; morre, to-morrow; gister, yesterday;

o'ennnrri;, the day ajtcr to-morrow; amltir week, 11ext wt:ek,

somtyds, sometimes, &c.

2. AdYcrbs of Place: Hiir, here; daar, there; n 'erals,

cz•erv-u•herc j iwers, S0111C1dtere ; niwcrs, llOWhere j ncr'cn;, ni,

lio-wftere; nahy, 11car; fer, jar; agtcr behind; foren toe, jorzvanl ;

omler, under, dow11:.tairs; bt1, above; bo'en np, 011 top; _op

GUIDE TO CAPE 11l'TCH.

₂₃

3· Adverbs of Manner : Goed, a•ell ; sleg, bad ; ll.nnig,

quick~v ; SOetJCS, slow~v ; reg, I igh I ; ferkeercl, wroll.!f, &c.

4· Adverbs of Degree : Ileeltemaal, altoj.fether; skaars,

scarcely ; al

te,

too ; banje, < oy ; genug, enough ; ampl·r,

almost, 11early, &c.

5·

Ad\·erbs of :Monel : Ja, I'CS ;. ne, IW; ni, not' gbd ni,

uot at all; maski, perhaps; stntks, pmsibly ; s6ker, ccrlaiuly,

daarom, all the same,

&, .

VII. The Preposition.

The must common l'repusitio·1s are the fnllov .. ·ing : Fan,

o.f,

from, ; an, at ; up, uj>011 ; na, towards; :augs. 11e.r:t to; fer,

for; nHfens, beside, cleur, tlzrou,l!,lz ; hy, bv , om, round; in, in;

uit, out; af, dou•n ; buitt!kaut, onf.,ide; binnekant, inside;

sander 'll'ithout; cnntrent, about; tu::,c;e, bcf,t•all; o'er, pm.t, &·c

VIII. The Conjunction.

The following are the most c\'ery-tlay Conjunction~ : En,

antl; want, for; omtlat, because; maar, hut; as, {f. <<•hen ; of,

or, whether ; waarom, Z!•hcrdore; wa.trfai~, whereof ; wanner,

when; alhoewel, ,lftlzouglz, &c.

IX The Interjection.

Some of the Interjections, most nsecl, are as fllllows : 0,

oh I ag, ah .1 _{siis, bt~lz I fuei tog, _(v / foets·tk ! hq;olle .}1

m'n magtig, ! dear me I nt: ! isn't it?

There is a large number of 1 .ther expressions in

exis-tence, which do :-.ervice as Inteqec.:ti\lns.

Gl'II>F 1!J CAPL I •t'TCII.

CHAPTEH \'.

l'SEFl'L I~FORI\!ATIO". I. The Numher~. Cardinal. Ordinal. Een, 0/l(', Di eerste. Twee, /'1!.'0.

"

twedt.:.

Dri, three.

,,

clercle.

Fiir, tour. fiirde.

Fyf, !it•t:.

" fyfde.

Ses, Sl.t'. sesdt:.

Scwe, SC'Z'ell. ., scwcnde.

Ag, flf:[hl.

,,

agstc.

NC'e,

llllle. nC'endc.

Tiin, ten. " tiincll:. EllCf, clez•e11.

"

ellcfde. Tw.:tlcf, ht•clr·c.

"

twalcfdc. Dcrtiin, I htrtcm.

"

dertiincli.:. Feertiin, fourteen.

"

fcertiindc. Fyftiin, :fifteen.

"

fyftiindt:. Sestiin, sixteen.

"

scstiinde.

Sewenhiu, sez•en teen.

,,

se\vcntiinclc.

Agtiin, eiJ.!.hlem.

"

agtiindc. Ne'entiin, ni11eteen. " neentiinclt:. T'vvintig, twcutv.

"

twintigste.

Een en twintig, lwenlv-ollc.

" een en twintigste.

Tween twintig, lwCillv-l!t'o.

.,

tween twintigstc.

Dertig, thirh;.

" clcrtigstc.

Feertig, ;orlv. ., feertJgste.

Fyftig, fifty.

,,

fyftigstc.

Scstig, SIX(\'.

,,

~t:stig~tl!.

Sewentig, sezoeutv.

"

sewenstigste.

Taggentig. ei~htv·.

"

taggenstigstc.

NC'entig, nin eiy.

Gl'IllE TO CAPE I>l'TC!l.

₂₅

, hunclcrdste Hnnclerd, Hondercl en cen, Ullt hundred. o11c hulldrcd 0/IC.

and ,. hondt·rd en cer-ste.

Hrmdi.:rcl en tiiu,

Twl: honcli:inl ell ecn, Duiseml,

Duist:ncl en tyf, Fvf cluisend,

Twe dm:,encl clri

homliircl en tlin, 0/lll'· lu.•ice. lhrirc. one hundrt'd len. heo hundred one Ul1<' thousaud. (lilt' lhouoand tiz't' .

and ,, liondercl e11

tiin-de.

aud , twl~ honderd en eerste.

, duisendst0.

mrd .. cluisencl en fyfcle. .fiz•.: thousand. , fyf dnisL;nclstc.

l JJn thousand " t

we

cluisend dri

Liz ru lzrtlldrcd tllld 1J ()II cl C r cl C 11 ten. o1zc mzllion. Sesmaal, Sewemaal, tiinde. Eeu millioell, ~enn1aal, Twl:maal, Drirnaal, Fiirmaal, Fvfm,tal, four lz lllc\. .\gmaal, Xc'cm;1al, Tiiumaal, , milliocnsie. sr.r li111es. .\C<'t'll trme:.. eL:~lrl !imt'., .. Ill/It' Ill/ItS. I ell I i Illes. fzt'l' /11/IC>.

Twemaal twe is Jiir,

Drimaal dri j, ne'e,

F1irmaal Jiir j, -;estiin,

Fyfmaal iyf is fyf en twintig,

lwzcc lwo 11rc (our. llzru limes

tlzl·a

are umc. (our it Ill<'' four are si.rtecu.

)1•e

lime' jiz•c are twenty-tiz•e.

ll. How Time is expres,.,ecl. Fyf uur, Twaltif uur, Halt een, 'a Half uur, 'n Kwartiir, Dri kwartiir, Twintig minute,

Tiin minute o'er twaliii,

Kwart o'er

lwc,

Om half twe,

Agtiin minute toor tit i,

Hoe laat ts dit ?

/iz•e o'1l01k.

1100/l.

half past lwelz•c.

half mz hour.

a quarter '!f an hour. three quarter, ,:fan hour. twentv lllilllLies.

leu uilllules p~.~st twclz•e.

a quarter }t1sl two. 'li lzal

r

fa:,/ one.

c(!!,ltlc.:u miuutcs to three. TVhal\ the time !

GUIDE TO CAPE Dt.'TCH.

III. Terms relating to Time,

etc.

'n Eeuw,

Di nC'entiindc ccuw, 'n Jaar,

Di jaar ne'entiin honclcrd, Di jaargetye,

Somer, winter, foorjaar, en hcrfs,

'n Maand,

Daar's twali:i£ maamle in di jaar,

'n Week, 'n clag,

'n Maancl het iiir wekc, en dcrtig of een en derhg cla'e,

'n Skrikkeljaar,

In 'n skrikki;ljaar het Fc-berwari maand ne'i; en twintig cla'e.

'n Uur, 'n minuut, 'n sekonclc, Fanclaag, murre, o'ermorre, Gister, eergister,

Fandaag o'er ag cla'e, Fanclaag foor ag da'e, Morre o'er fcertiin da'i:, Oggend, miclclag, a'encl, Nag, midcli;rnag, Morro oggrncl, Fan oggencl, 's a'ens,

's Oggens, 's a'i;ns. Foormidclag, f.m., Agtcrmiclclag, n.m., (namid-dag), Gister a'encl, d ceutury.

the nineteenth century. a year.

the year nineteen hundred. the seasons.

Summer, wi11tcr. spring, mul autumn.

a month.

There are tu:eh•e months in the year.

a week, a day.

a mo11th has jour weeks, and thirt_v and thirty one days. a leap-year.

In a leap-year the month of Feb-ruary has twcn~v 11ine days. an hour, a minute, a second. to-day, to-morrow, the day after

to-morrow.

yesterday, the day before yester-day.

to-day week. a week a![o to-day. to-morrow fortnight. moming, ajtenzoon, ez•ening. night, mid-night.

to-morrow moming. this morning, this euninf. in the mormng, 111 the ez•ming.

forenoon, a.111. ajtemoon p.m. last night.

GUIDE TO CAPE DUTCH.

27

lY. Names of the Months.

Jannewari maand, January.

Ft'·bcrwari

"

February. ::\1aart

"

Jlarclz. April

,,

April. ::\fy

"

May. Juny

"

"fune. July

,,

.'fuly. Augustus

"

Au~ust. September

"

Si'j>it·m ber. Oktoher

,.

Octuber. Nofemhcr " X ovember. Desemher

,,

December.

V. ~arne-, of the Days. Sondag, Maamlag, Dinge-,dag, \\' oeuo,clag, Dnndenlag, FJyclag, Satertlag, Sunday. Monday. Tue.,d.tv. TI'cdnC'sday. Thursdav. Fridav. · Saturday.

Vl. Points of the Cmnpass.

Di :'-\oord, Di Suid,

Di Oos,

Di \\'est,

Di wind is noord-west

fan-daag, dar sal n?ent kom,

Di wind waai ;.nl< I-ons, Di cmstelijke clccl van di

Koloni,

Di no' >rclelijke clcd van eli Transfaal,

Pretoria Ie noord-oos van

J ohanue::.burg, Di noonll! grcns van di clistrik, Thc Xorth. The South. The East. The West. Tlz,· 'V<Jmd is north-west to-day, u•e shall hm•c rain. The wind blows from the

suztfh-cast.

The eastem pari of the Colouy. The northern part of the

Trans-7'<ial.

Pretoria lies to the norih-e11sl of "fohanncsbur~.

The northern bound a 1y of the tltstrzct.

lallf>F TD CAPE Dl' l'Cil.

VII. Cape \\Teight~ and :\leasnre".

Measures not given under tlns head are like the gnglish. \Veighis-(Avoirclupoi-;).

16 ounces (ous) - r pound (fond).

roo lh:-,. - 1 Cape cwl.

IT2 lbs. - r English cwt.

zooo lhs. 1 Cape ton (KaHfsclzc lo11 ).

2240 lbs. - r Eugli-;h ion.

Dry 1\fe.Lsure of Capacity.

3 bushel (hocsscl) or 4 skefels - 1 nmi<l or sack (mud nr .\ak).

8 gallons - r bushel (boessel).

Liquid :\ieasure of Capacity.

2 Cape pints (

tiut;

=

(i Cape qua1 ts( kwart )=

8 Cape bottles ( /Jutlel)=

I Anker 1 aum (aam) I leaguer (legger) 1 Cape quart. 1 C:1pe g,Lllon. 1 Cape gallun. 7 ~ ga llous. 3 r

§

gallons. I 2h

§

gallons. VIII. l\loney. 'n Stui'cr, 'n oulap, 'n dubbeliji, 'n oulap en 'n stui'er, 'n trcpl:n,, 'n sixpl:ns, 'n silling, 'n daalcler, twc silling, 'n half kroon, 'n kroun, 'n pond, a lz,!lfpcwzy. a penuy. penny ha'f<'llll_\'. a lhrc.:f'Cilu'. a sz:cf>mc.:. a ,,lzilliu;.;. ll sflllllllj!, llTld ~lXf'CIILC. ,, florin. lz;d(-a-cron·11. ll CI'O'U'/1, a f.•uml.

Gl'llJE TO CAPE Dt:TCH. 21)

IX. Land :\lea-,ure. r,o011 Cape FL:et

(Rtjnlalld;e toe/)

u CapL: Fed

. .J-21> Cape H."rxh

L . .J.4 Cape Square ft.

=

6oo Cape Syuare

Rood

r Cape :\Iurgen

3•u·3H C,tpe ~!tJrgeu

1 ,<> 33 British Imperial Feet.

Cape I<ood (Kaapse

Rnedt").

1 English ~1ik (Jlyl) .

1 Cape Syuare Rood

(Fzir-kanlc Rvcdi;).

1 Cape Murgen (Morge).

2'T 2 English Acres.

I Engh->h Square :\file.

X. \\'ays 1 1f Acldre-,sing .

. \mung Africanders proper an old 111an JS addressed as

O,•m, um·le, and i1i" wife as Tc~utL;, aunt. Persons so addressed

reply by calling a yuu11ger man Xu'j, cou;,m (uephew), aml a

younget wuman X(i!,~.:,i, L'IHJ:-,in (niece). }.lales oi equal rank

aml about equal age addrc:-,s one atl'•ther as Broa (brother),

,,r, Ott Hrocr ("lcl bmtbt•t), iht: ou being a term of endearmet~i

pure and simplt·. Females nuder like circumstances will say

Susft'r (,.,;,.,tt:r), t1r, tlllmgh :-,ddnm, Uu Su.,ft'r.

Fathers arv ,tdc:re->sed as Pu, and mothers as J/a.

Gr,utclfathers are addre:-,~ecl as Ou Pa, and grandmothers

as l)u Jl11.

Ou

1\:ra

is gt:nerally n-,ed fur speaking about nlcler male

J1L'I :-,utb ; hy some, hnwt:nT, '>pec1ally w1th 1 eferencc to their

lather,.; .

. \ miui->tcr of rd:gion is called Jfellccr (:\fi-,ter), a title

which i;, :-,omd imes sha: ed hy :\Iagtstratt:s.

A sch< onhna:-,ter 1~ .tcldre->secl and spDken ot as "Jlccster."

A male uati\'e i-; addt es.;;ed as jouf.!, or <Ill J•mJ.!, and a

ft:male nativt: as <'II mvd.

Xatives t',ll1llll<J!lly <tdtltess tlwir mastL:rs v\'ith Scur, or

Ra'''· awl their nn:-,trv~st:s as Uu Xui.

Their llla~ter's eldest -,on 1~ L'alle<l A'lcin Baas, and the

uther-, !Jaus Piil, llt1t1> .l11driis, &c. The elcle:-,l daughter in

Gt'IDE TO C.\PE DUTCll.

XI. Common Christian Names. Male.

\Villem, William.

Knos (Koot), James.

Frikki, Fred.

Jan, .'fohn.

Gert, Gerald.

llano.; (Johannes), John.

Henclrik (Henni), Ilcllly.

Frans, FraJuts.

Piet, Peter.

Stoffel, C Ill i.,topher.

J

akop, } a111es. Anclriis, Andre1t'. Fani, Stephen. Female. Rachdtji, Sari, Leni, 1\litji (~l~Lri), Sanni (Susi), 1\limi, \Visi, Anni, Betti, l\Iatti, Hanni (jani), T1lli, Stina, Rachel. Sarah. JJ agdalme. Jfarv. Susa-n. ,Uarttl. Louisa. Anna. Elt:::ahcth. Mar.;;arct. 'Johtlll1UI. )Iathilda. C hri~twa.

GUIDE TO CAPE DUTCH. 31

CHAPTER VI.

Spreekoefenings met eli

\Verkwnorcl "he." Ek het 'n kop.

Ek het ook 'n lyf.

Dan het ek nog twe .mns en twe beene.

An elke arm het ek 'n hand.

An elke been hd ck 'n foet.

An idcre hand bet ek tiin fingers.

An iderii foet het ek tiin toone. 'n ~lens bet 'n monel 'Jl1l tii

praat.

'n Mens het 'n tong om iii proef.

'n Mens het no\i om te siin. 'n Mens hct oorii om te !toor. 'n :-.fens het 'n neus om te ruik. 'n .Me us hct han de om h; foel.

Party mense hct oo'ii en hul siin claarom ni.

Sukkii mcnse is blind. Andere het weer oore en kan

daarom ni hoor ni. Sukke mense nocm 'n mens

do of.

Jan Lourens het 'n mond

maar hy kan ni praat ni.

Sou 'n mens bet dit maar swaar in syn !ewe.

Speaking Exercises 011 the

Verb " to have."

I haz•c a head. I haz•t: also a body.

Then a~ain, I hm•t' two arms and two lcJ.Is.

Ott each ann I hm•e a hand. Otz each lef.I I hau a foot. Ou each hand I have lm

fingers.

0 n each fool I have ten toes. People have mouths to speak. People haz•e to11gztcs to taste. People htwe eves to look. Peuple haz•t: ears to hear. People hm·e 11oses to smell. People haz•e hands

to jet:!.

Some peupe have <yes and yet

thev

do not sec. Such

·p,

oplc art: blind.

Others a;.:ain hm•e cars and still lhev do not hear. Such peofile are called deaf Jan Laurens has a 1/luztth, but

he ca111zol talk.

.P Gl'Il>E 'I U CAPE l>T'TCH.

Hy is stom, arme joug.

Percli; het ti.ir beene en kuci~

en skap(· ~·

Di fnet \'an 'n lwei bet tw~

part\:, Cll 'n pen! syn,;

maar een.

KoeiL: en OSSL' het hon'ns op

lml koppi;.

H ul het dit om hul ie f~nle­

dig.

X?, nogge ni, Pa, ons gaan

no g.

I-Iet julli' niks ni gehad ian

fan llW!Ti; ;1f ?

X iks andcr;, ni as '11 paar

pe1 ski is 111 di boo1 tl.

0, ek siiu, dan het julW gi'sieel.

Xe,

Pa, on<; het ni wil steel

ni, maar uns hct su lus gehad.

I-ll t jull" a! dorp toe gegaan ?

J

a,

,lll..,

hd al foor 'u nur terug gekom.

Hoe lu:~ dt perdc gt'li ek

r

XL:, cban >m orclentlik, l'a, llla:1 r di h(ltpenl \\ il 111 111CJU! 111.

Jy

het seJ.;:,.r weer ft•t h1;111

ge.,Jaan.

0: og 111 oil lll, ek het 'n al te

goei Je-; gdeer.

Het hy jun geskup, Tum?

lly bet ba11j1: gt•haljaar dt

auckr cl.1g, en amperljiio.,

fer rny doodgt•skop.

J{, rs du111h, poor boy.

llor."·s ha,•c: (vr.r h:lf.s, '" u/~,, nn:·~. a 11d shup.

A

,,,,,,·s

(ool 1~ 111 /w,, ft~rf.,, aud

,i

hvrsc'~ i11 one.

Cvz,s and oxc"It lzm·c hor11~ t'll

their heads.

TlwN the\' hm•c to ,h:/elld

I hcmsch•c;,.

llaz•c \'Oil tuluu \'Ult di111rcr,

hovs· !' ·

Xo, · nut yet, father, we an·

J..!.OIIIJ.:.

llm•c you !z,zd /i<>lltlltjf ~illu

ll11s 111urmll~!

Xuthur~ lml u <Ouplt ot

f'c'll< lz<'~ 111 t!tr on hard.

0/z, 1 sec, thor \'Oil lulZ'e ban

:./calin[:.. ·

X,, /tzllrcr, we didn't mean lo steal, but "-'" rdt "'' mut!r

iu, fuzed ior 11r: 111.

llm•c: \'Oil hu 11 lu 1/r, 1'illa[:,< ?

}·,.,, ,;-'<'

<'11111<' batk <Ill hour

a.~o.

flu"' duf the horses full? Hallzcr decent!\', jatlrcr, hut

llwt <~[1 horst' dt•tsn't full

n•c/1.

I <lilt sur<' you b,·at 1/ af!aiu.

Xcur, I had In 11111th oj an L'Xf'ti'UIIC<'

IJ1d II hi, 11 \'ull, 1<•111 ~

1/ 111111h 11 ;}real ado 1/u ,,/fru

d,n, 1111.! ruarl\' kr, kt·,/ Ill<'

UL'JDE TO CAPE HL' l'CI!.

₃₃

< ~isti:r lucl utb 'n regle lr.tai dag.

D.ts al!nell:we ~•J in di wi·tkt hiir.

A.., dil ni m .. hki rt:'ent, i~ tht

Wt'et ud mu 1i.

on~ het :1<111 .tl d:·i weke get! ll:•L:t:l gL:h,ul.

IIet jy al herig •>nt!t,·nt 10'1

skapt: geh ... d ?

Ja. ek bet <bat om 'u hri:t

geh.tcl, maar ni fenl nnn~

1]].

Hd h .. 11le t:n" •gte g•;hall

d.t:ll dt h.ant :

Ek .,, •U "0 meL"t, net 'n

t:una:tt dru .gte.

Di felc: het a mper lli kc•"

gi:lud k· Lli fl: ni.

En eli rifnr, :nue w praat ·1i,

di lwl Lli heel ;.t:ll nog ni

water gL:ha<l ui.

Dau ~ .. tl lll11 am pi·r 11 i ot·s hl:

Ill.

D .. ,t ~.tl ltul • '' ,k ttl, t·k h

banJi: j .. unm:;:· ier dt Lli"trik.

Denk jy ,hy s• •n -ofeul ~iektP~

he a:, liy ni 51) .tg~eh )~tg wa"?

H \' "' >L: :,l:l;:Fr geld gdtatl hd

· ashy ItL't wilup~ep:t'l het.

:\lyn ma hd gi:,ler knppyn

gi·hacl, <lis \\at ~y l!i het

kau kt 1111 ni.

S:rak" c.al ~\ nwrre m:.tar

Wtt'r 'u i{waaltji

he

l>i.; mo'entlih., -Y is ma.tr sn

sw.tkkerig ·

YoterJav 1<'<' had nallv a Ill<'<'

da\. · ·

Ti1,1t'~ ,tfw,l\'~ so here· 111 W1lllcr.

It hv t haiiCt 1

t

due;, 11of ralll, tire a<etllhtr i~ ,.,., \' lli,·c.

1Ft lz,l,'l'll'l had rai11 IWW tur thra <•'tt k1.

llaz•c vou flc,zrd ab,1ut vour _,/zcep iltnll ,'

}·,·~. l did haz•e 11 !din, hut not Jl11t(h 1/i'WS.

Ifll;•c thr_v had /he druup)tt

lht~l a·av!

I sh.mld- suv S<>, t1 teartul

drou.~ht lou. ·

l'lzcz•tldtlzu;, sunrclv h11d

!•'•'"

for tlze tn/1/e

"l11d flz,· ri;•,.,., ,f,,,,•t illlh ,,( 11,

il l11zs uu/ had llll\ ;>•ill<'!

tlt t!ll. .

Thm ilZL'\ ;u ll lzt~z't

,,·,m,

lv

till\' !z,rn.•csl dt all.

Xu, thtv ;,•uiJ'I, If, tl 10 ~r>n \

)or tlzt' distm I.

IJ,J V"ll thiuk lze ;wuld be· so

tJ//ell ill zf he· Wt'l't: nut S•'

utrdtss .'

lie ~t·,mld undouhtcdlv ha.·c had 11/Uilt\' zf he· ht~d hem

cartjul. .

Jiy Jl/oth,r lzad a headache

\'t:llt'rduv, that i1 ,u/zv ohc could H;Jt tom c. · l'et hats she z;•ill lzaz't'

oomc-t/zin~ c/s,· lht' matter wtlh

her /,J.morrm>'.

34

Gt'!TlF TO CAPE lll'TCIL

Dcnk hy ons sal eli pr>s sn

laafgchatl hi", as eli spruit

ni water gchacl had

ni.

\\'aarom wil julll: tog

almi.;-lewe pampicre he ?

Di man hei al

lc

hauie

praat jiis gehad, clis w:1t

nns ni fer hom lvk ni.

Denk tog clat ons lH::t suo 'n

groot plaas sou hl- as Q(,m \Yillem.

[)o,·s lzc thi11k we should lzm•t had thr fo'/ oO lair·, i( /he

J"/7'< r had lzad 110 wafer.

H7z\' tf,, \'Olf ah1•trys ,uallf

p'afc'i'S .'

Tlzalllltlll Lalb loo z11uch, 1/zal\·

;,•lzy H'< d,,n'l!ike him.

]11~/ tlmz!, I hut ;t·nlwuld /w; e

- il~ lart,;c a lrzn11 a~ llll< lc

GI'II>E TO l'.\PE fli"TCIL

₃₅

CHAPTER YII.

~prcekodeniug-, met eli

'. \' erkwourcl " wees." Frikki is myn broer. Leni is Jan -..'n sustcr.

::\Iyn fader was eer-; bnt:r gewces.

::\Iaar non is hv ag&ut. \\'atter clag is· dil fanclaap; ?

Di'i ch agtiinde fan

Jaune-warimaattd.

Dis warempel \fa zyn

fer-jaarsdag.

D,tu sal daar seker han1e gaste wees.

\Vaar meen JY ->al hulle

wees?

Ek mccn op eli plaas fan eli on mense.

Yergange jaar was <laar 'n heel cluisternis gcwees.

Di kan·e hl:t rnnclgestaan ;,o

as op 'n faml{tsi. Di pretliktnt wa'i onk claar

gewecs.

Di heele buurl het gclmm

om fer :\fa geluk te

wl:ns.

Is cbar weer 'n sw,trighy<l,

on Broer ?

Ja, ck i" Hun y'entlik r&g ill

di peke!.

Hoc kom clan so ?

\Vel, bat ek nou H!r JOU

fertel.

Speaking Exerci'>es t\11 the

Verb'' to he."

Fred is Ill\' brother.

Ilcl.:n is John's sister. Jiy _tllt!zci· <t•as a _tirrmerjirs/. Hut 11ow he is all a~enl.

TT'hal IS the date lo-dav!

Tins the ei~htccntlz ol_'(allltlll~\'. lT7zy, that JS Jfo/her's

birth-dm•.

Theil,

lam

sure, there .t•i'll b,· many .~" c1 is.

TVhcrt·, do vou mean, will the\'

be! ·

I mean 011 the old f't·oj>le's

larm.

La~( V<'tlr there were a who/.: i:rowd o( tlrelll.

The wrts stood ahout there like on a stile.

The millister wm there, too. All the ll<'Ii.fhbourhood iWilt'

to uish Jlol her l/lllll\'

happy rctums. ·

Is lhert' a d(ljicully a;.:ain, old chap!

Yes, I'm ill a rei!! mrller this time,

llow is that

?

36

Gt'IIJF. TU CAPE lil'TCIJ. Di haljuw was fan mnrri;

hiit.

H v hct lliV 'n an.,kr) liug

· gehrl:ng

Daar wa" gistt't n f<>llnis

tt?"u 111\ nitge\\ y;, in di kant< H>l:.

H y bet gekom om myn got·d

an ~e ;,la~lll.

And<'r week wil ltv iet mv

u it fi·r kn< l) '· · Di man \\as hanje erg•·rlik

gi'\\ ee~ . ..,t: l:k li:r j"n.

By hct ampi:r ftir 111y H.'

lee<:ig.

Dit wa'> ghcl fi·r uiit <>111 t<! pet beer met h> >111 ie praat.

H y wa" net -,o koppig a:, 'n

e:~el.

Yncllik ht·t hv tug m<·et

hoor.

-1\Iyn nu lnmrman wa-, hiir

1~;. my gewec-,.

En <li het fer hum v'E>ntlik ilnk'> dt waarhycf gi•-,C:.

~laar eli man hei ,n fJr hom

ge,kaJm, clat hv ni

gi:wed bet waat ,;m te

kvk 111.

Sal myn !rind claar wces, .,f

Jy.

a:-. (·k k< m ?

Ek het so Hir lwm h;t :,ta.m.

Dit was di af:-.pra;t h., "''

f.:'r-tel hy fer my.

\\'aarom was hv cl<lll ni

gt:,ter a'etHl- claar g~'­

wees ni?

By ltd gL:-l: hy \\'a'-' al claar

gi:!wee;; alLli aucler lLtg.

The ~ht'l·itf mr' here this

1//0I'ilt ll,t!·

lie ha; lmm;.:lzl 111r a 7.,•nt.

1'e,·tenluy, illl(!}.111<'1tl ua., Iuken

11111 ll,t!mu;l lilt' in the Court.

E!c , tllll<' to atta,·h my

t,,,_

fer/y.

Sc.tf ,,,eck lu ;;.•auf, to sell me

Ill'/.

The fcl/.m• .ca~ 7'< n o.J.toz;n·c, I fell \'Ozt

llc i!lnzo~i 111\llli< d me. It "'•IS quzt,· ll'it"lt's; llywf!, it•

/,dh Ia lum.

.tl lml, lz<•z,•e,'cT, lze had to hear.

.liv uld ll<'ll!)zhour 'li.'ll'i here

. I.t'zflz lilt.

Aut! Ju J..:ll<'t him a ,{llliJ;ht

/11 Jhzn.~ to.

llullhc jc·llt><,• .~of >0 ,z,lzmncd

llzat !J, did JZ••I k11ow ;;•hi, li way lo luvk.

lj.'i/J IIIV (iltJid bt ilzt'rt', VOII

"'' n:, wht 11 I come! ·

Th,it's hou.• 1 ztndenlood hili/. Tlzat ,,,us tl11 m-ranJ.It111CI11 >o

he f,•Jd 111c.

Tl7z\ ;ra<;H'I he then lmt

· zzz.~lzt, ihuz !

He saul, he lzc~d httll f!z,t·c the