Silent and safe roadtraffic-project: An optimization of the tyre-road interaction on noise and wet grip
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(2) D.A. Bekke et al.: Silent and Safe.... EuroNoise 2015 31 May - 3 June, Maastricht. 1346.
(3) EuroNoise 2015 31 May - 3 June, Maastricht. D.A. Bekke et al.: Silent and Safe.... 1347.
(4) D.A. Bekke et al.: Silent and Safe.... EuroNoise 2015 31 May - 3 June, Maastricht. 1348.
(5) EuroNoise 2015 31 May - 3 June, Maastricht. D.A. Bekke et al.: Silent and Safe.... ❋✐❣✉r❡ ✶✵✳ ❍②❜❞r✐❞ ♠♦❞❡❧❧✐♥❣ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ♦❢ r♦❛❞ ❛❜s♦r♣✲ t✐♦♥✳ ❋✐❣✉r❡ ✾✳ Pr❡❞✐❝t❡❞ s♦✉♥❞ ✐♥t❡♥s✐t② ❢♦r ❛ tr❡❛❞❡❞ r♦❧❧✐♥❣ t②r❡ ♦♥ ❛ s♠♦♦t❤ ❞r✉♠✳. ✹✳✷✳ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❛❧ t②r❡ ✈✐❜r❛t✐♦♥s ✫ ❡①t❡r✐♦r ♥♦✐s❡ ❚♦ ♦♣t✐♠✐③❡ t❤❡ t②r❡ ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ r♦❛❞ ❝♦♥str✉❝✲ t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ♠♦r❡ ❞❡t❛✐❧ ❛ ♥✉♠❡r✐❝❛❧ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❜② ✇❤✐❝❤ t❤❡ str✉❝t✉r❛❧ t②r❡ ✈✐❜r❛t✐♦♥s ❛♥❞ t❤❡ s♦✉♥❞ r❛❞✐❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ r♦❧❧✐♥❣ t②r❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♣r❡❞✐❝t❡❞✱ ❬✼❪✳ ❚❤❡ ♣r❡❞✐❝t✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ str✉❝t✉r❛❧ t②r❡ ✈✐❜r❛t✐♦♥s ❛r❡ ❜❛s❡❞ ✉♣♦♥ ♦♥ ❛ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡ ✜♥✐t❡ ❡❧❡♠❡♥t ♠♦❞❡❧ ♦❢ t❤❡ t②r❡ ❛♥❞ r♦❛❞ t❡①t✉r❡✳ ❆ tr❛♥s✐❡♥t r♦❧❧✐♥❣ s✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤✐s t②r❡ ♦✈❡r t❤❡ r♦❛❞ t❡①t✉r❡ ♣r❡❞✐❝ts t❤❡ ✈✐❜r❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ t②r❡✳ ❚❤❡s❡ t✐♠❡❞ ❞♦♠❛✐♥ ✈✐❜r❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ t❤❡ t②r❡ ❛r❡ ♠❛♣♣❡❞ ♦♥t♦ ✜①❡❞ ❛❝♦✉st✐❝ ♠❡s❤ t♦ ♣r❡❞✐❝t t❤❡ s♦✉♥❞ r❛❞✐❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ❞♦♠❛✐♥ ✉s✐♥❣ ❡✐❣t❤❡r t❤❡ ✜♥✐t❡ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts ♦r ❜♦✉♥❞❛r② ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts ♠❡t❤♦❞s ❬✺❪✳ ❆♥ ❡①✲ ❛♠♣❧❡ ✐s s❤♦✇♥ ✐♥ ❋✐❣✉r❡ ✾✳ ❚❤❡ r❛❞✐❛t✐♦♥ ♥❡❛r t❤❡ ❧❡❛❞✐♥❣ ❡❞❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❛❝t ♣❛t❝❤ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✈✐❜r❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ♠♦❞❡s ❛r❡ ❝❧❡❛r❧② s❡❡♥✳. ✹✳✸✳ ❙♦✉♥❞ r❛❞✐❛t✐♦♥ ✫ r♦❛❞ ❛❜s♦r♣t✐♦♥ ❚♦ ♦♣t✐♠✐③❡ t❤❡ s♦✉♥❞ ❛❜s♦r♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣♦r♦✉s ❛s♣❤❛❧t ♣❛✈❡♠❡♥ts✱ ❛♥ ❤②❜r✐❞ ✐♠♣❡❞❛♥❝❡ ♠♦❞❡❧ ✐s ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣❡❞ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛♥ ♣r❡❞✐❝t t❤❡ s♦✉♥❞ ✜❡❧❞ ✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❛❜♦✈❡ ♥♦♥✲ ❧♦❝❛❧❧② r❡❛❝t✐♥❣ ♣♦r♦✉s ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧s✳ ❚❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧❧✐♥❣ ❛♣✲ ♣r♦❛❝❤ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❡s ❛♥ ❛♥❛❧②t✐❝❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❛ ✜♥✐t❡ ❡❧❡♠❡♥t ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✱ ❛s s❤♦✇♥ ✐♥ ❋✐❣✉r❡ ✶✵✱ ❛♥❞ ✐♥❝❧✉❞❡s t❤❡ ✈✐s❝♦t❤❡r♠❛❧ ❡✛❡❝ts ✇✐t❤✐♥ t❤❡ ♣♦r❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣♦r♦✉s ❛s✲ ♣❤❛❧t ♣❛✈❡♠❡♥t ❛s ✇❡❧❧ ❛s t❤❡ s❝❛tt❡r✐♥❣ ❛t t❤❡ st♦♥❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ♣❛✈❡♠❡♥t✳ ❲✐t❤ t❤✐s ❤②❜r✐❞ ♠♦❞❡❧❧✐♥❣ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t❤❡ s♦✉♥❞ ❛❜✲ s♦r♣t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ♦❜❧✐q✉❡ ✐♥❝✐❞❡♥❝❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♦♣t✐♠✐s❡❞✱ ❜❛s❡❞ ♦♥ t❤❡ st♦♥❡ s✐③❡ ❛♥❞ st♦♥❡ ♠❛tr✐① ✇✐t❤✐♥ t❤❡ ♣♦r♦✉s ❛s♣❤❛❧t ♣❛✈❡♠❡♥t✳ ❚❤❡ ♣r❡❞✐❝t❡❞ t♦t❛❧ ♣r❡ss✉r❡ ✐s ♦❜✲ t❛✐♥❡❞ ❜② ❛❞❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❛♥❛❧②t✐❝❛❧ s♦❧✉t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♥❝✐✲ ❞❡♥t ❛♥❞ r❡✢❡❝t❡❞ ♣r❡ss✉r❡ ✜❡❧❞ t♦ t❤❡ ♥✉♠❡r✐❝❛❧ s♦✲ ❧✉t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❝❛tt❡r❡❞ ♣r❡ss✉r❡ ✜❡❧❞✳ ❚❤❡ r❡s✉❧ts ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ t♦ ♣r❡❞✐❝t t❤❡ ❛❜s♦r♣t✐♦♥ ❝♦❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❢♦r ♦❜❧✐q✉❡ ✐♥❝✐❞❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❛♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡ ✐s. 1349. s❤♦✇♥ ✐♥ ❋✐❣✉r❡ ✶✶✳ ❚❤❡ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣❡❞ ♠♦❞❡❧ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ✈❛❧✲ ✐❞❛t❡❞ ❜② ♠❡❛s✉r❡♠❡♥ts ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛❜s♦r♣t✐♦♥ ❝♦❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❢♦r ♦❜❧✐q✉❡ ✐♥❝✐❞❡♥t s♦✉♥❞ ✇❛✈❡s ✉s✐♥❣ ❛ s♠❛❧❧ ✽♣✲ ♠✐❝r♦♣❤♦♥❡ ❛rr❛②✳ ❚❤❡ ✈❛❧✐❞❛t❡❞ ♠♦❞❡❧ ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ t♦ ♦♣t✐♠✐s❡ t❤❡ s♦✉♥❞ ❛❜s♦r♣t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣♦r♦✉s ❛s♣❤❛❧t ♣❛✈❡✲ ♠❡♥ts✳ ❚♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ str✉❝t✉r❛❧ ✈✐❜r❛t✐♦♥ ♠♦❞❡❧ t♦ ♣r❡❞✐❝t t❤❡ s♦✉♥❞ r❛❞✐❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❛ r♦❧❧✐♥❣ t②r❡✱ t❤❡ t②r❡ ❛♥❞ r♦❛❞ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ♦♣t✐♠✐s❡❞ ✐♥ ❛♥ ✐♥t❡❣r❛❧ ♠❛♥♥❡r t♦ r❡❞✉❝❡ tr❛✣❝ ♥♦✐s❡✳. ✺✳ ❖✉t❧♦♦❦ ❚❤❡ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❛♥❛❧②t✐❝❛❧ ❛♥❞ ❋❊▼ s✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♠♦❞✲ ❡❧s ❤❛✈❡ ♥❡❛r❧② ❛❧❧ ❜❡❡♥ ✈❛❧✐❞❛t❡❞✳ ❆t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡ t❤❡ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣♠❡♥t ♣❤❛s❡ ❤❛s ❜❡❡♥ st❛rt❡❞✳ ❚❤❡ ✜♥❛❧ t②r❡ ❛♥❞ r♦❛❞ ✈❛r✐❛♥ts ❤❛✈❡ ❜❡❡♥ ✜♥❛❧✐③❡❞ ❛♥❞ ♠❛♥✉✲ ❢❛❝t✉r❡❞ ✇❤✐❧❡ ❝✉rr❡♥t❧② t❤❡ t❡st✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ ❡✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ ✐s ❣♦✐♥❣ ♦♥✳ ❇② t❤❡ ❡♥❞ ♦❢ ✷✵✶✺ t❤❡ ✜♥❛❧ r❡s✉❧ts ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ r❡❛❞②✳. ✻✳ ❈♦♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥s ✫ ❘❡❝♦♠♠❡♥❞❛t✐♦♥s ❚❤❡ ♣r♦❥❡❝t s❤♦✇❡❞ t❤❛t t❤❡ t②r❡ ❛♥❞ r♦❛❞ ✐♥❞✉str② ❛r❡ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t❧② tr②✐♥❣ t♦ ♦♣t✐♠✐③❡ t❤❡ t②r❡✲r♦❛❞ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡ ✇✐t❤✐♥ t❤❡✐r ❧✐♠✐t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧❡❣✐s❧❛t✐♦♥✳ ■♥ ♦r❞❡r t♦ ❛❝❤✐❡✈❡ ✐♥♥♦✈❛t✐✈❡ st❡♣s ❛ ❝❧♦s❡ ❝♦♦♣❡r❛✲ t✐♦♥ ✐s r❡q✉✐r❡❞✳ ❚❤❡ r❡s✉❧ts ♦❢ t❤✐s ♣r♦❥❡❝t ❛❧r❡❛❞② s❤♦✇s t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜t ♦❢ ❝❧♦s❡ ❝♦♦♣❡rt✐♦♥s✳ ❆t t❤❡ s❛♠❡ t✐♠❡ ✐t ✐s ❛❧s♦ ♦♥❧② t❤❡ ✜rst st❡♣ ♦♥ t❤❡ ♣❛t❤ ♦❢ ❛♥ ❤♦❧✐st✐❝ r❡s❡❛r❝❤ ❛♥❞ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣♠❡♥t r♦✉t❡ t♦ ♦♣t✐♠✐③❡ t❤❡ t②r❡✲r♦❛❞ ✐♥t❡r❛❝✲ t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❛ ♠♦r❡ ❞✉r❛❜❧❡ s♦❝✐❡t②✳. ❆❝❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡♠❡♥t ❚❤❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ✇♦r❦ ✐s ♣❛rt ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣r♦❥❡❝t ✬❙t✐❧ ❱❡✐❧✐❣ ❲❡❣✈❡r❦❡❡r ✐♥ t❤❡ ❢r❛♠❡✇♦r❦ ♦❢ ●❖ ❛♥❞ ❢✉♥❞❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ✬❊✉r♦♣❡❡s ❋♦♥❞s ✈♦♦r ❘❡❣✐♦♥❛❧❡ ❖♥t✇✐❦❦❡❧✐♥❣✬ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❊✉r♦♣❡❛♥ ❯♥✐♦♥ t♦❣❡t❤❡r ✇✐t❤ ❘❡❣✐♦ ❚✇❡♥t❡ ❛♥❞ Pr♦✈✐♥❝❡ ❖✈❡r✐❥ss❡❧✳ ❆♣♦❧❧♦ ❚②r❡s ●❧♦❜❛❧ ❘✫❉ ❇✳❱✳ ✐s ❣r❛t❡❢✉❧❧② ❛❝❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ ♣❡r♠✐ss✐♦♥ t♦ ♣✉❜❧✐s❤✳.
(6) D.A. Bekke et al.: Silent and Safe.... EuroNoise 2015 31 May - 3 June, Maastricht. Absorption coefficient [−]. 1 theta = 0deg, phi = 0deg theta = 35deg, phi = 0deg theta = 35deg, phi = 60deg. 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0. 500. 1000 Frequency [Hz]. 1500. 2000. ❋✐❣✉r❡ ✶✶✳ Pr❡❞✐❝t❡❞ ❛❜s♦r♣t✐♦♥ ❝♦❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❢♦r ♦❜❧✐q✉❡ ✐♥✲ ❝✐❞❡♥❝❡✳. ❘❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s ❬✶❪ ❉✳❆✳❇❡❦❦❡✿ ❊♥❣✐♥❡❡r✐♥❣ t♦♦❧s ❢♦r ✐♥t❡r✐♦r t②r❡ tr❡❛❞ ♣❛tt❡r♥ ♥♦✐s❡✱ P❤❉ t❤❡s✐s✱ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❚✇❡♥t❡✱ ❊♥✲ s❝❤❡❞❡✱ ✷✵✶✹✳ ❬✷❪ ▼✳❇❡③❡♠❡r✲❑r✐❥♥❡♥✱ ❨✳❍✳ ❲✐❥♥❛♥t✱ ❆✳ ❞❡ ❇♦❡r✱ ❉✳❆✳ ❇❡❦❦❡✿ ❖♥ t❤❡ s♦✉♥❞ ❛❜s♦r♣t✐♦♥ ❝♦❡✣❝✐❡♥t ♦❢ ♣♦r♦✉s ❛s❤♣❛❧t ♣❛✈❡♠❡♥ts ❢♦r ♦❜❧✐q✉❡ ✐♥❝✐❞❡♥t s♦✉♥❞ ✇❛✈❡s✱ Pr♦❝✳ ■♥t❡r♥♦✐s❡ ✷✵✶✹✱ ❈❉✳ ❬✸❪ ▼✳ ▼♦❦t❤❛r✐✱ ❉✳❏✳ ❙❝❤✐♣♣❡r✱ ❊①✐st❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛ tr✐❜♦â⑨➇✲ ♠♦❞✐✜❡❞ s✉r❢❛❝❡ ❧❛②❡r ♦❢ ❇❘✴❙✲❙❇❘ ❡❧❛st♦♠❡rs r❡✐♥✲ ❢♦r❝❡❞ ✇✐t❤ s✐❧✐❝❛ ♦r ❝❛r❜♦♥ ❜❧❛❝❦✱ ❚r✐❜♦❧♦❣② ■♥t❡r♥❛✲ t✐♦♥❛❧✱ ✷✵✶✹✳ ❬✹❪ ❚✳ ❚♦❧♣❡❦✐♥❛✿ ❋r♦♠ ✈✐s❝♦❡❧❛st✐❝ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s t♦ t②r❡ ♣❡r✲ ❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡ ♣r❡❞✐❝t✐♦♥✱ ❙❚❙❊ ✜♥❛❧ ❝♦♥❢❡r❡♥❝❡✱ ❊♥s❝❤❡❞❡✱ ✷✵✶✹ ❬✺❪ ❇✳ ▼❛❦✇❛♥❛✱ ❇✳ ❞❡ ❇r✉✐❥♥✱ ❊✳ ❱❡r❤✉❧♣✿ ▼♦❞❡❧❧✐♥❣ t♦♦❧s ❢♦r t❤❡ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣♠❡♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ ❙✐❧❡♥t ❛♥❞ ❙❛❢❡ t②r❡s✱ Pr♦❝ ❊✉r♦♥♦✐s❡ ✷✵✶✺✳ ❬✻❪ ▼✳❇❡③❡♠❡r✲❑r✐❥♥❡♥✱ ❨✳❍✳✇✐❥♥❛♥t✱ ❆✳❞❡ ❇♦❡r✿ ❚❤r❡❡ ❞✐♠❡♥s✐♦♥❛❧ ♠♦❞❡❧❧✐♥❣ ♦❢ s♦✉♥❞ ❛❜s♦r♣t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ♣♦r♦✉s ❛s♣❤❛❧t ♣❛✈❡♠❡♥t ❢♦r ♦❜❧✐q✉❡ ✐♥❝✐❞❡♥t s♦✉♥❞ ✇❛✈❡s✱ Pr♦❝✱ ❊✉r♦♥♦✐s❡ ✷✵✶✺ ❬✼❪ ❏✳❍✳ ❙❝❤✉tt❡✿ ◆✉♠❡r✐❝❛❧ ❙✐♠✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❚②r❡✴❘♦❛❞ ◆♦✐s❡✳ P❤❉ t❤❡s✐s✱ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❚✇❡♥t❡ ✭✷✵✶✶✮✳. 1350.
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