Hypertension after kidney transplantation

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Dobrowolski, L.C.

Publication date

2016

Document Version

Final published version

Link to publication

Citation for published version (APA):

Dobrowolski, L. C. (2016). Hypertension after kidney transplantation.

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Hypertension after Kidney Transplantation

Linn Dobrowolski

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Linn Charlotte Dobrowolski

HYPERTENSION AFTER

KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

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Hypertension after Kidney Transplantation

PhD thesis, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands ISBN: 978–94–6169–975-6

Online: http://dare.uva.nl

Cover design: Magnolia Branch with Four Flowers, anonymous, 1910-1925 (X-ray, gelatin silver print) Rijksmuseum Amsterdam

Lay-out: Myrthe Yeh, Linn Dobrowolski Paranymphs: Sofie Jansen, Sophie Jutte

Printed by: Optima Grafische Communicatie B.V. Rotterdam

The studies presented in this thesis have been prepared and conducted at the Department of Internal Medicine, division of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands and partly at the Department of Internal Medicine, division of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands.

The Dutch Kidney Foundation (Innovation Grant IP-11.40) financially supported the research published in this thesis, which is gratefully acknowledged.

Financial support by the Dutch Heart Foundation for the publication of this thesis is gratefully acknowledged.

Financial support for the printing of this thesis was gratefully received from the Academic Medical Center Amsterdam.

Further financial support for the printing of this thesis was kindly provided by Astellas Pharma B.V, Chiesi Pharmaceuticals B.V., Chipsoft B.V. and Shire Pharmaceuticals Plc.

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HYPERTENSION AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor

aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus

prof. dr. ir. K.I.J. Maex

ten overstaan van een door het College voor Promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Aula der Universiteit

op woensdag 7 december 2016, te 11.00 uur

door

Linn Charlotte Dobrowolski geboren te Rotterdam

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PROMOTIECOMMISSIE

Promotores: Prof. dr. R.J.M. ten Berge Universiteit van Amsterdam Prof. dr. F.J. Bemelman Universiteit van Amsterdam Co-promotor: Dr. C.T.P. Krediet Universiteit van Amsterdam Overige leden: Prof. dr. T. van Gelder Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam

Prof. dr. J. Booij Universiteit van Amsterdam Prof. dr. G. Navis Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Prof. dr. J.J. Homan van der Heide Universiteit van Amsterdam Prof. dr. E.S.G. Stroes Universiteit van Amsterdam Dr. P.J. Blankestijn Universiteit Utrecht

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Work diligently, ardently, patiently and persistently. You are bound to be successful, bound to be successful.

S.N. Goenka

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

123_I-mIBG 123_{I-meta-Iodobenzylguanidine}

ABPM ambulatory blood pressure measurement ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker

BP blood pressure CKD chronic kidney disease CNI calcineurin inhibitor

CTS Collaborative Transplant Study CVD cardiovascular disease

eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate ESRD end stage renal disease

HTN hypertension IQR interquartile range

KDIGO kidney disease improving global outcomes KTR kidney transplant recipient

MDRD modification of diet in renal disease MSNA muscle sympathetic nerve activity NE norepinephrine

NOTR Netherlands Organ Transplantation Registry ODT once day prolonged release tacrolimus p.i. post-injection

PRA plasma renin activity

RAAS renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

RDN catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation RHT resistant hypertension

RICH-Q Renal Insufficiency Therapy in Children: Quality Assessment and Improvement ROI region of interest

SNA sympathetic nerve activity

SPECT single photon emission computed tomography TDT twice day tacrolimus

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 General introduction and outline of the thesis 9 Chapter 2 Treatment efficacy of hypertension in kidney transplant

recipients in The Netherlands

29

Chapter 3 Epidemiology and management of hypertension in paediatric and young adult kidney transplant recipients in The Netherlands

41

Chapter 4 Effects of dietary sodium restriction in kidney transplant recipients treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade: a randomized clinical trial

59

Chapter 5 Blood pressure dipping in kidney transplant recipients on regular and prolonged release tacrolimus

77

Chapter 6 Kidney transplant ¹²³I-mIBG scintigraphy and functional sympathetic reinnervation

89

Chapter 7 Renal sympathetic nerve activity after catheter-based renal denervation.

103

Chapter 8 Renal denervation for drug-resistant hypertension after kidney transplantation

119

Chapter 9 General discussion and perspectives 128

Summary of the thesis 131

Samenvatting (Dutch summary) 134

Appendices Supplementary documents 140

Portfolio 142

Bibliography 144

Curriculum Vitae 145