• No results found

Workshop Omgevingskwaliteit | RIVM

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Workshop Omgevingskwaliteit | RIVM"

Copied!
18
0
0

Bezig met laden.... (Bekijk nu de volledige tekst)

Hele tekst

(1)

5,90UDSSRUW :RUNVKRS2PJHYLQJVNZDOLWHLW 9HUVODJZRUNVKRSQRYHPEHU 5YDQ3ROO,YDQ.DPS  'LWRQGHU]RHNZHUGYHUULFKWLQRSGUDFKWHQWHQODVWHYDQGH5,90'LUHFWLHLQKHWNDGHUYDQ SURMHFWµ/HHIEDDUKHLG2PJHYLQJVNZDOLWHLWHQ9RONVJH]RQGKHLGVHIIHFWHQ /29H  PLMOSDDOµ:RUNVKRS/HHIEDDUKHLG¶ 5,903RVWEXV%$%LOWKRYHQWHOHIRRQID[

(2)

3DJLQDYDQ 5,90UDSSRUW

9RRUZRRUG

'HSXEOLHNHEHODQJVWHOOLQJYRRUGHNZDOLWHLWYDQGHOHHIRPJHYLQJLVRSGLWPRPHQWJURRWHQ RRNLQKHWRYHUKHLGVEHOHLGNULMJWGHNZDOLWHLWYDQGHOHHIRPJHYLQJHHQVWHHGVFHQWUDOHUSODDWV 'HWHUPHQOHHIEDDUKHLGOHHIRPJHYLQJVNZDOLWHLWHQOHHINZDOLWHLWZRUGHQDIZLVVHOHQG JHEUXLNWPDDUYDQHHQDOJHPHHQJHDFFHSWHHUGEHJULSSHQNDGHULVQRJJHHQVSUDNH 2PJHYLQJVNZDOLWHLWNDQEHVFKRXZGZRUGHQDOVRQGHUGHHOYDQNZDOLWHLWYDQOHYHQ'H JHGDFKWHYRUPLQJURQGKHWEHJULSµNZDOLWHLW¶ZRUGWGHODDWVWHMDUHQJHNHQPHUNWGRRUHHQ LQWHJUDWLHYDQYHUVFKLOOHQGHEHOHLGVYHOGHQHQ±GRHOHQ1DDVWJH]RQGKHLGVDVSHFWHQLVHU ERYHQGLHQPHHUDDQGDFKWYRRULQGLFDWRUHQHQGHWHUPLQDQWHQYDQZHO]LMQ]RDOVVRFLDDO HFRQRPLVFKHJH]RQGKHLGVYHUVFKLOOHQKLQGHUVODDSYHUVWRULQJVRFLDOHFRKHVLHVRFLDOH YHLOLJKHLG ,QGLWUDSSRUWWUHIWXKHWYHUVODJDDQYDQHHQNRUWHZRUNVKRSRYHUKHWEHJULSµNZDOLWHLW¶ 7LMGHQVGHZRUNVKRSZHUGKHWEHJULSµNZDOLWHLW¶GRRUHHQYLHUWDOLQOHLGHUVYDQXLWHYHQ]RYHHO SHUVSHFWLHYHQ JH]RQGKHLGV]RUJVRFLDDOSV\FKRORJLVFKVRFLDDOFXOWXUHHOHQPLOLHXNXQGH WRHJHOLFKW'HELMHHQNRPVWZHUGDIJHURQGPHWHHQGLVFXVVLHQDDUDDQOHLGLQJYDQYUDJHQHQ RSPHUNLQJHQRYHUGHYLHUSUHVHQWDWLHV9HUYROJDIVSUDNHQVWDDQLQKRRIGVWXNEHVFKUHYHQ 'HZRUNVKRSZHUGJHRUJDQLVHHUGGRRUGHDIGHOLQJ0LOLHXHSLGHPLRORJLH 0,( YDQKHW /DERUDWRULXPYRRU%ORRWVWHOOLQJVRQGHU]RHNHQ0LOLHXHSLGHPLRORJLH5,907HFKQLVFKHHQ DGPLQLVWUDWLHYHRQGHUVWHXQLQJZHUGYHUOHHQGGRRUPHYU76FKRRUOHPPHU 0,( 

(3)

5,90UDSSRUW 3DJLQDYDQ

,QKRXG

$EVWUDFW  6DPHQYDWWLQJ   ,QWURGXFWLH   9LHUSHUVSHFWLHYHQ   *H]RQGKHLG V]RUJ SHUVSHFWLHI   6RFLDDOSV\FKRORJLVFKSHUVSHFWLHI   6RFLDDOFXOWXUHHOSHUVSHFWLHI  0LOLHXSHUVSHFWLHI   'LVFXVVLH   7KHRULHHPSLULH   6XEMHFWLHIREMHFWLHI   'RHODQDO\VH  7KHRULHHQPHWKRGH   $FWLHSXQWHQ  'HHOQHPHUVOLMVW  9HU]HQGOLMVW  5HIHUHQWLHV 

(4)

3DJLQDYDQ 5,90UDSSRUW

$EVWUDFW

'XULQJDVKRUWZRUNVKRSWKHFRQFHSWRIµTXDOLW\¶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

(5)

5,90UDSSRUW 3DJLQDYDQ

6DPHQYDWWLQJ

,QGLWUDSSRUWZRUGWYHUVODJJHGDDQYDQHHQNRUWHZRUNVKRSRYHUKHWEHJULSµNZDOLWHLW¶'H ZRUNVKRSZHUGJHKRXGHQLQKHWNDGHUYDQKHW5,90SURMHFW³/HHIEDDUKHLG 2PJHYLQJVNZDOLWHLWHQ9RONVJH]RQGKHLGVHIIHFWHQ´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

(6)

3DJLQDYDQ 5,90UDSSRUW

 ,QWURGXFWLH

'HNZDOLWHLWYDQGHOHHIRPJHYLQJNDQZRUGHQRSJHYDWDOVHHQZH]HQOLMNHRQGHUGHHOYDQKHW EUHGHUHFRQFHSWµNZDOLWHLWYDQOHYHQ¶GDWHHQJURWHDDQWUHNNLQJVNUDFKWKHHIWYRRUKHWSXEOLHN EHOHLGVPDNHUVHQZHWHQVFKDSSHUV'DDUQDDVWKHHIWKHWEHJULSµNZDOLWHLW¶HHQVWHUNHLQYORHG RSVRFLDOHHQSROLWLHNHWUHQGVHQKHWEHOHLGHQLVWRHJHSDVWRSHHQEUHHGWHUUHLQYDQRQGHU]RHN VRFLRORJLVFKHFRQRPLVFKJH]RQGKHLGVHQPLOLHXRQGHU]RHN +RHZHOGHWHUPµNZDOLWHLWYDQ OHYHQ¶LQHHUVWHLQVWDQWLHZHUGJHEUXLNWLQUHODWLHWRWGHPLOLHXNRVWHQYDQRQEHSHUNWH HFRQRPLVFKHJURHLLVGHWRHSDVVLQJLQPLOLHXVWXGLHVEHSHUNW 0XVVFKHQJD6]DODL  (PSLULVFKHJHJHYHQVPHWEHWUHNNLQJWRWGHUHODWLHWXVVHQRPJHYLQJVNZDOLWHLWHQ NZDOLWHLWYDQOHYHQ]LMQQRJ]HHUEHSHUNWHQLQFRQVLVWHQW'LWLVJHGHHOWHOLMNKHWJHYROJYDQ KHWIHLWGDWKHWRQGHU]RHN]LFKDIVSHHOWELQQHQYHUVFKLOOHQGHRQGHU]RHNVGLVFLSOLQHVHQGH JURWHYHUVFKHLGHQKHLGLQGHJHEUXLNWHLQGLFDWRUHQZDDUGRRUGHXLWNRPVWHQYDDN RQYHUJHOLMNEDDU]LMQ 6WXGLHVQDDUJH]RQGKHLGVJHUHODWHHUGHµNZDOLWHLWYDQOHYHQ¶GRPLQHUHQKHWYHOGHQULFKWHQ ]LFKRSGHLQYORHGYDQ]LHNWH VRPDWLVFKSV\FKLVFK RSKHWIXQFWLRQHUHQYDQPHQVHQRS I\VLHNSV\FKLVFKHQVRFLDDOQLYHDXHQGHSHUFHSWLHKLHUYDQGRRULQGLYLGXHQ3ROLWLFRORJHQHQ VRFLRORJHQYHUJHOLMNHQJURHSHQ JHPHHQVFKDSSHQQDWLHVHWFHWHUD RSVRFLDOHHFRQRPLVFKH HQJH]RQGKHLGVLQGLFDWRUHQ ,QGHOLWHUDWXXUPHWEHWUHNNLQJWRWNZDOLWHLWYDQOHYHQWUHIWPHQHHQJURRWDDQWDOPRGHOOHQ DDQ'H]HYDULsUHQQDDURS]HWHQLQKRXGDIKDQNHOLMNYDQGHDFKWHUJURQGYDQGHEHGHQNHU VRFLRORJLVFKSV\FKRORJLVFKHFRQRPLVFKJH]RQGKHLGPLOLHX +HWLVGXLGHOLMNGDWHHQ PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDLUHDDQSDNQRRG]DNHOLMNLVRPWHNRPHQWRWHHQJHwQWHJUHHUGPRGHO2IGLWRRN KDDOEDDUZHQVHOLMNHQZHWHQVFKDSSHOLMNGHPRHLWHZDDUGLVVWDDWWHUGLVFXVVLHHQLVWKHPD YDQGHZRUNVKRS 'RHOVWHOOLQJYDQGHZRUNVKRS œ .HQQLVPDNHQPHWPRGHOOHQFRQFHSWHQHQRSHUDWLRQDOLVHULQJHQYDQNZDOLWHLWYDQ OHYHQNZDOLWHLWYDQGHOHHIRPJHYLQJYDQXLWYHUVFKLOOHQGHLQYDOVKRHNHQ,QGH]H ZRUNVKRSNRPHQGHGRPHLQHQJH]RQGKHLGJHGUDJVRFLDDOFXOWXUHOHDVSHFWHQHQ PLOLHXDDQERG KHWHFRQRPLVFKHMXULGLVFKHHQSROLWLHNHGRPHLQEOLMYHQEXLWHQ EHVFKRXZLQJ 0LGGHOVHHQYLHUWDOLQOHLGLQJHQ]DOKHWNZDOLWHLWVEHJULSYDQXLWGH ERYHQJHQRHPGHGRPHLQHQZRUGHQJHVFKHWVW

(7)

5,90UDSSRUW 3DJLQDYDQ

 9LHUSHUVSHFWLHYHQ

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wQWURGXFHHUG)UDQV.QRO6RFLDDOHQ&XOWXUHHO3ODQEXUHDXKLHOGHHQLQOHLGLQJ YDQXLWKHWVRFLDDOFXOWXUHHOSHUVSHFWLHI+HWPLOLHXGRPHLQWHQVORWWHZHUGGRRU*XXVGH +ROODQGHU5,90LQJHOHLG

 *H]RQGKHLG V]RUJ SHUVSHFWLHI

+DUWHORKEHJLQWPHWHHQKLVWRULVFKILORVRILVFKHWRHOLFKWLQJRSKHWEHJULSNZDOLWHLW *ULHNV SRLRV 7HQWLMGHYDQ+RPHUXVVWRQGKHWEHJULSNZDOLWHLWYRRUµ+RH"¶%LM3ODWRYHUZLMVWKHW QDDUµ+HW+RH¶PHWDQGHUHZRRUGHQQDDUµKRHGDQLJKHLG¶2QGHU$ULVWRWHOHVZRUGWNZDOLWHLW RSJHYDWDOVHHQHLJHQVFKDSYDQREMHFWHQRIYHUVFKLMQVHOHQ SULPDLUHNZDOLWHLWNHQEDDU PHHWEDDUELMYRRUEHHOGOHQJWHEUHHGWH RIJH]LHQDOVUHODWLHWXVVHQREMHFWHQRIYHUVFKLMQVHOHQ VHFXQGDLUHNZDOLWHLWJURWHUOLFKWHUNOHLQHU 7HJHQZRRUGLJZRUGWKHWEHJULSJHNHQVFKHWVW DOVPRHLOLMNWHGHILQLsUHQUHODWLHIDEVWUDFWVXEMHFWJHERQGHQFRQWH[WDIKDQNHOLMNHQJHULFKW RSEHSDDOGHDVSHFWHQYDQREMHFWHQRIYHUVFKLMQVHOHQ ,QKHWEHJULSµNZDOLWHLWYDQOHYHQ¶ZRUGWNZDOLWHLWRSJHYDWDOVHLJHQVFKDSUHGXFHHUEDDUWRW FRPPXQLFDWLH]HOIUHG]DDPKHLGHWFDIJHOHLGYDQGHGHILQLWLHYDQJH]RQGKHLGHQPHHWEDDU PLGGHOVYUDJHQOLMVWHQ ,QµNZDOLWHLWYDQ]RUJ¶ 4XDOLW\RI&DUH4R& VWDDWKHWEHJULSNZDOLWHLWYRRUGHUHODWLHWXVVHQ HQHU]LMGVKHWQRUPDWLHYHNDGHU ]R]RXKHWPRHWHQ]LMQ HQDQGHU]LMGVGHUHDOLWHLW ]RLVKHW  +HWQRUPDWLHYHNDGHUZRUGWLQJHYXOGGRRUELMYRRUEHHOGULFKWOLMQHQHQVWDQGDDUGHQYDQ ]RUJYHUOHQHUVGHHLVHQGLHHHQPDDWVFKDSSLMDDQHHQ]RUJV\VWHHPVWHOWHQGHYHUZDFKWLQJHQ YDQ]RUJQHPHUV'HUHDOLWHLWLVGHIHLWHOLMNYHUOHHQGH]RUJGHHUYDULQJHQYDQGH]RUJYHUOHQHUV HQ]RUJQHPHUVHQKHWHIIHFWYDQ4R&RSKHWPDDWVFKDSSHOLMNZHO]LMQ,QGH]HEHWHNHQLV UHODWLRQHHO LVµNZDOLWHLW¶VWHUNDIKDQNHOLMNYDQGHEHVFKRXZHU DUWVSDWLsQWSROLWLFXV ZHWHQVFKDSSHU ELMYRRUEHHOGHHQGRNWHUNDQYRRUHHQEHSDDOGHDDQGRHQLQJHHQQDDU]LMQ LGHHDGHTXDWHWKHUDSLHYRRUVFKULMYHQ'HDUWVLVWHYUHGHQPDDUJHOGWGLWDXWRPDWLVFKRRNYRRU GHSDWLsQWRIYRRUGHEHOHLGVPDNHU"'HNZDOLWHLWZRUGWEHSDDOGGRRUYHUZDFKWLQJHQHQ HUYDULQJHQ (UZRUGWHHQWZHHWDOW\SHQPRGHOOHQYRRU4R&RQGHUVFKHLGHQ FDXVDDOGHWHUPLQLVWLVFKH  EHKHHUVLQJVHQVWXULQJVPRGHOOHQZDDUELMHHQRQGHUYHUGHOLQJNDQZRUGHQJHPDDNWLQ D G\QDPLVFKHPRGHOOHQHQE VWUDWHJLVFKHPRGHOOHQ'HPRGHOOHQYDULsUHQYDQFRQFUHHW UHODWLHJHULFKWWRWDEVWUDFWSURFHVJHULFKW,QKHWHHUVWHW\SHPRGHO ELMYRRUEHHOGKHW µVHUYLFHFDUHTXDOLW\PRGHOµ'RQHEHGLDQ¶ ZRUGHQGHWHUPLQDQWHQYDQKHWRRUGHHORYHUGH NZDOLWHLWEHQRHPG,QIRUPDWLHSHUVRRQOLMNHEHKRHIWHQHQYRRUJDDQGH]RUJHUYDULQJHQEHSDOHQ GHµYHUZDFKWH]RUJ¶+HWRRUGHHORYHUGHµNZDOLWHLWYDQ]RUJ¶LVXLWHLQGHOLMNDIKDQNHOLMNYDQ GHGLVFUHSDQWLHWXVVHQµYHUZDFKWH]RUJ¶HQGHµEHOHYLQJYDQGHIHLWHOLMNH]RUJ¶+HWWZHHGH W\SHPRGHOLVVWDWLVFKHUYDQDDUGHQULFKW]LFKPHHURSGHYRRUZDDUGHQYDQKHW]RUJSURFHV SURFHGXUHVKDQGHOLQJHQYHUDQWZRRUGHOLMNKHGHQELMYµ,62¶HQKHW,1.

(8)

3DJLQDYDQ 5,90UDSSRUW ,QVWLWXXW1HGHUODQGVH.ZDOLWHLW +HWGHUGHW\SHPRGHOWHQVORWWHULFKW]LFKRSHHQKRJHU QLYHDXKHWRUJDQLVDWLHQLYHDXHQKHHIWEHWUHNNLQJRSGHDDQVWXULQJRUJDQLVDWLHHQDIVWHPPLQJ YDQGH JURHSHQYDQ DFWRUHQELQQHQGH]RUJZHUHOG ELMYµ6+.=PRGHO¶HQµ%DODQFHG6FRUH &DUG¶PRGHO  'HYHUVFKLOOHQGHPRGHOOHQJURHLHQQDDUHONDDULQKHW.ZDOLWHLW$UEHLG0LOLHX .$0 PRGHO PHWDOVEHODQJULMNHDVSHFWHQ ]HOI HYDOXDWLHUHIOHFWLH 3ODQ'R&KHFN$FWFLUNHO VWXULQJHQ EHKHHUVLQJGRHOJHULFKWYHUDQGHUHQHQRQWZLNNHOLQJLQUHODWLHWRWRPJHYLQJHQLQWHUQHPLOLHX

 6RFLDDOSV\FKRORJLVFKSHUVSHFWLHI

9OHNULFKW]LFKYDQXLWHHQVRFLDDOSV\FKRORJLVFKSHUVSHFWLHIRSGHNZDOLWHLWYDQGH OHHIRPJHYLQJ+HWPHWHQHQPRGHOOHUHQYDQRPJHYLQJVNZDOLWHLWGLHQWWHUEHVFKULMYLQJ YHUNODULQJYRRUVSHOOLQJHQEHKHHUVEDDUKHLGYDQKHWFRQFHSW9OHNVWHOWKLHUELMHFKWHUPHWHHQ GHYUDDJWHQEHKRHYHYDQZHON H GRHO HQ ZLMZLOOHQEHVFKULMYHQHQYHUNODUHQ"0HWDQGHUH ZRRUGHQZHONHGRHOHQGLHQWGLWZDW]LMQGHPRGHOOHQHQZDW]LMQPHWHUV" 'Hµ&RUSRUDWH5HVSRQVLELOLW\¶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¶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¶V HFRQRPLHHQPLOLHX RSGHRQWZLNNHOLQJYDQHHQDDQWDO4R/DVSHFWHQ,QHHQRQGHU]RHNQDDU DVSHFWHQYDQ4R/ 9OHN6NROQLNHQ*DWHUVOHEHQ ZRUGHQDOVEHODQJULMNVWH NHQPHUNHQJH]RQGKHLGIDPLOLHVRFLDOHUHFKWYDDUGLJKHLGHQSHUVRRQOLMNHYULMKHLGJHQRHPG 5HODWLHIRQEHODQJULMNHDVSHFWHQEOLMNHQVWDWXVHQHUNHQQLQJVSLULWXDOLWHLWUHOLJLHHQPDWHULsOH VFKRRQKHLGWH]LMQ9HUYROJHQVLVRQGHU]RFKWZDWGHYHUZDFKWHRQWZLNNHOLQJ]RX]LMQYDQ GH]HDVSHFWHQ ZRUGWEHWHUZRUGWVOHFKWHU JHJHYHQGULHRQWZLNNHOLQJVVFHQDULR¶VYRRU HFRQRPLHHQPLOLHX HQHQHQSRVLWLHYHRQWZLNNHOLQJYDQHFRQRPLHHQPLOLHX ZHUGKHODDVQLHWYRRUJHOHJG 'HUHVXOWDWHQODWHQ]LHQGDWGHPHHVWHDVSHFWHQEHWHUZRUGHQ HUJR4R/YHUEHWHUW ELMHHQVFHQDULRZDDULQGHHFRQRPLVFKHRQWZLNNHOLQJDIQHHPWHQKHW PLOLHXHURSYRRUXLWJDDW 7RWVORWZRUGWHHQYRRUEHHOGYDQHHQWUDQVDFWLRQHHOPRGHOYRRUGHUHODWLHPLOLHXJH]RQGKHLG EHVSURNHQ'LWEHWUHIWHHQPRGHORSJHVWHOGGRRU9DQ.DPS 9DQ.DPS JHEDVHHUGRS HHQLQWHJUDWLHYDQGHSV\FKRORJLVFKHVWUHVVWKHRULHYDQ/D]DUXVHQHHQVRPDWLVFKVWUHVVPRGHO

(9)

5,90UDSSRUW 3DJLQDYDQ YDQ8UVLQ$OKRHZHOWKHRUHWLVFKHOHJDQWLVGHRSHUDWLRQDOLVDWLHHQWRHWVLQJYDQHHQGHUJHOLMN PRGHOODVWLJYDQZHJHKHWPXOWLYDULDWHNDUDNWHUHUYDQPDDULVRQGHUPHHUJHGDDQLQ VWDQNKLQGHURQGHU]RHNGRRU&DYDOLQL 

 6RFLDDOFXOWXUHHOSHUVSHFWLHI

+HWVRFLDDOFXOWXUHHOSHUVSHFWLHIZRUGWLQJHOHLGGRRUHHQNRUWHVFKHWVYDQGHKLVWRULHRSGLW JHELHGELQQHQKHW6&3'H]HEHJLQWLQPHWHHQVWXGLHJHWLWHOG³6RFLDOHHQ&XOWXUHOH 6LWXDWLH1RRUGHQGHV/DQGV´'HEHODQJULMNVWHEHYLQGLQJHQ]LMQGDWHUJHHQYHUVFKLOOHQPHW DQGHUHODQGVGHOHQZRUGHQJHFRQVWDWHHUGPEWREMHFWLHYHIDFWRUHQ]RDOVZRQHQYULMHWLMGHQ JH]RQGKHLGVWRHVWDQG:HOZRUGHQHUYHUVFKLOOHQJHYRQGHQRSKHWJHELHGYDQDUEHLGHQ LQNRPHQHQKHWRRUGHHORYHUKHWZRQHQ9DQDIKDQWHHUWKHW6&3ZHO]LMQV OHHIEDDUKHLGVLQGLFDWRUHQ RRN LQppQPDDW'HSULYDWLHPDDW:HO]LMQVPDDW6&3PDDW'LWLV HHQDJJUHJDDWYDQLQGLFDWRUHQRSJHELHGYDQZRQHQYULMHWLMGDUEHLGJH]RQGKHLG FRQVXPSWLHIYHUPRJHQDUEHLGYULMHWLMGHQRQGHUZLMV'HPDDWLVLQWXw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µVRFLDOHDFKWHUVWDQG¶ ,QYLQGWHHQKHUKDOLQJYDQGHPHWLQJYDQVRFLDOHDFKWHUVWDQGSODDWVRSZLMNQLYHDX SRVWFRGHV 'HEHODQJULMNVWHFRQFOXVLHV]LMQGDWLQJURWHVWHGHQHHQWRHQDPHLQVRFLDOH DFKWHUVWDQGRSWUHHGWWHUZLMOGH]HLQGHUDQGJHELHGHQJHOLMNEOLMIW PHWJHYROJHQYRRU UXLPWHOLMNHWZHHGHOLQJ  0HWGHµ:RRQRPJHYLQJVLQGH[¶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wQYORHGGRRUGH JURHLHQGHPDDWVFKDSSHOLMNHDDQGDFKWGLHKHWEHJULSNULMJW ELMY$UWLNHOOLG%%6+ :RQLQJFRUSRUDWLHVPRHWHQ]LFKEH]LJKRXGHQPHWOHHIEDDUKHLG (HQDDQWDOIDFWRUHQ EHPRHLOLMNWKHWRSVWHOOHQHQKDQWHUHQYDQHHQXQLYHUVHHOOHHIEDDUKHLGVEHJULS VSHFLILHNLQWLMG SODDWVHQSHUVRRQ JURHSHQ " 'DDUQDDVWLVKHWVXEMHFWLHYHNDUDNWHUHHQZHOKDDVW RQRYHUNRPHOLMNSUREOHHP 7RWVORWHQNHOHLQKRXGHOLMNHHQPHWKRGRORJLVFKHRYHUZHJLQJHQ œ ELMPDDWRQWZLNNHOLQJGLHQWH[WHUQHYDOLGDWLHHHQUROWHVSHOHQ œ FRQFHQWUDWLHRSVFKRRQKHHOYHLOLJ FHQWUDOHEHJULSSHQRSGLWPRPHQW  œ EUHGHUHLQYXOOLQJ WLMGOR]HU YDQKHWEHJULS*DDWKHWGDQQRJRPppQGLPHQVLH"  GHZRQLQJGLFKWKHLGKHWODDJERXZZRQLQJHQPHWWXLQKHWZRQLQJHQNDSKHWYULMVWDDQGHZRQLQJHQ KRRJERXZIODWVHQKHWPLGGHOKRRJERXZ0LGGHOVHHQSULQFLSDOHFRPSRQHQWHQDQDO\VH HHQJHOLHIGH WHFKQLHNELMKHW6&3 ZRUGHQGH]HWRWHHQPDDWVDPHQJHYRHJG

(10)

3DJLQDYDQ 5,90UDSSRUW œ YDULDWLHLQPHWKRGRORJLVFKHDDQSDNHQDQDO\VHQDDVW3ULQFLSDOH&RPSRQHQW$DQO\VH ELMYRRUEHHO0XOWL/HYHO$QDO\VHRI0XOWLSOH5HJUHVVLH$QDO\VH œ KLsUDUFKLVFKHPHWKRGHUDSSRUWFLMIHUVHHQYRXGLJRILQJHZLNNHOGHUYDULDQWHQ PHW ZHJLQJ  œ WRHYRHJHQQLHXZHLQGLFDWRUHQSULM]HQ NRRS ZRQLQJHQ :2=ZDDUGH FRUUHFWLHYRRU W\SHZRQLQJHQRSSHUYODNWHZRQLQJHQYRRUVFKDDUVWH œ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sLJHQGHPHWKRGHNXQQHQ]LMQ0RGHORQWZLNNHOLQJRSGLWWHUUHLQODDW HYHQZHOODQJRS]LFKZDFKWHQ

 0LOLHXSHUVSHFWLHI

'H+ROODQGHUELHGWHHQGRRUNLMNMHQDDUKHWEHJULSNZDOLWHLWPLGGHOVGHPLOLHXEULO+LMGRHWGLW DDQGHKDQGYDQHHQGULHWDOJURWHEHOHLGVQRWD¶VGLHHLQGEHJLQGRRUGH YHUVFKLOOHQGH9520GLUHFWRUDWHQZRUGHQXLWJHEUDFKW 1RWD:RQHQH1RWD52HQ 103 'HJHPHHQVFKDSSHOLMNHQRHPHUGLHDDQDOOHGULHGHQRWD¶VLVWHRQGHUNHQQHQLVGH WUDQVLWLHYDQµNZDQWLWHLW¶QDDUµNZDOLWHLW¶DOVVWXUHQGSULQFLSH,QKHW103LVµ.ZDOLWHLWYDQ /HYHQ¶]HOIVGHFHQWUDOHDPELWLHYDQGHULMNVRYHUKHLG9RRUGHOHHIRPJHYLQJKRXGWGLWLQGDW GH]HJH]RQGHQYHLOLJPRHW]LMQHQGDWHUPRHWZRUGHQJHVWUHHIGQDDUµKRRJZDDUGLJKHLG¶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¶VJHEDVHHUGRSHHQUXLPHJH]RQGKHLGVGHILQLWLH RQJHYHHUWRWYDQKHWWRWDOHJH]RQGKHLGVYHUOLHV

(11)

5,90UDSSRUW 3DJLQDYDQ JH]RQGKHLG NZDOLWHLWYDQOHYHQ JH]RQGKHLGV WRHVWDQG OHHIRPJHYLQJV NZDOLWHLW OHHIEDDUKHLG GDJHOLMNVH OHHIRPJHYLQJ HUYDUHQJH]RQGKHLG I\VLHNHRPJHYLQJ

ZRQLQJ UXLPWHOLMNHNHQPHUNHQ PLOLHXNZDOLWHLW

VRFLDOHRPJHYLQJ

SHUVRRQV

NHQPHUNHQ OHHIVWLMO VRFLDOHNZDOLWHLW

UHFKWVHQEHVWDDQV]HNHUKHLG IDPLOLH UHODWLHVZHUN DFWLYLWHLWHQFRQVXPSWLHHG )LJXXU6FKHPDYDQEHODQJULMNVWHHOHPHQWHQYDQJH]RQGKHLGGDJHOLMNVHOHHIRPJHYLQJHQNZDOLWHLWYDQOHYHQ 'HUHOHYDQWHJH]RQGKHLGVHIIHFWHQDQQRQX]LMQ&$5$+ 9HUQVWLJHKLQGHUYHUVWRULQJYDQ DFWLYLWHLWHQJHYRHOHQVYDQRQYHLOLJKHLGYHUYUHHPGLQJHQHHQWRHQDPHYDQPHGLVFKH FRQVXPSWLH:DDUGHJUHQVWXVVHQJH]RQGHQ]LHNOLJWLVRQGXLGHOLMN (HQµKRRJZDDUGLJH¶OHHIRPJHYLQJZRUGWEHSDDOGGRRUDVSHFWHQDOVGHNZDOLWHLWYDQGH ZRQLQJKHWDDQ]LHQYDQGHEXXUWVRFLDOHELQGLQJYHLOLJKHLGHQPLOLHXNZDOLWHLW%LQQHQKHW 5,90LVHUFRQFHSWPDWLJXLWZHUNLQJJHJHYHQDDQKHWVWUHYHQYDQGHULMNVRYHUKHLGWHQ DDQ]LHQYDQGHOHHIRPJHYLQJ ]LH)LJXXU  .ZDOLWHLWYDQOHYHQZRUGWKLHULQJHGHILQLHHUGDOVGHPDWHULHOHHQLPPDWHULs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

(12)

3DJLQDYDQ 5,90UDSSRUW

 'LVFXVVLH

(HQDDQWDOGLVFXVVLHSXQWHQQDDUDDQOHLGLQJYDQGHSUHVHQWDWLHV]DOKLHUSXQWVJHZLMVZRUGHQ EHVSURNHQ'HEHODQJULMNVWHZDUHQGHNORRIWXVVHQWKHRULHHQSUDNWLMNGHGLVWLQFWLH VXEMHFWLHIREMHFWLHILQFOXVLHIGHYHUZDFKWWHHQZHUNHOLMNHNZDOLWHLWYDQGHRPJHYLQJHQKHW G\QDPLVFKHDVSHFWYDQRPJHYLQJVNZDOLWHLWGRHODQDO\VHHQWKHRUHWLVFKPHWKRG RORJ LVFKH DVSHFWHQ

 7KHRULHHPSLULH

(HQHHUVWHDOJHPHQHFRQVWDWHULQJLVGDWHUHHQJURWHNORRILVWXVVHQWKHRULHHQHPSLULH %LMYRRUEHHOGLQGHHHUVWHWZHHPHHUWKHRUHWLVFKHYHUKDOHQZRUGWNZDOLWHLWJH]LHQDOVHHQ UHODWLRQHHOEHJULSWHUZLMOGLWLQGHODDWVWHWZHHPHHUHPSLULVFKHYHUKDOHQRQWEUHHNW'LW ZRUGWDOVHHQJHPLVHUYDUHQ'DDUQDDVWZRUGWRSJHPHUNWGDWGHHUYDULQJOHHUWGDWWKHRULH WKHRUHWLFL HQSUDNWLMN HPSLULVWHQ PRHLOLMNELMHONDDUWHEUHQJHQ]LMQZHZHWHQKHWZHOPDDU XQLIRUPLWHLWFTFRQVHQVXVZRUGWQLHWEHUHLNW(HQKRRJSHUFHQWDJHYDQGHEHYRONLQJLV JHOXNNLJ$QGHUHPDWHQGLIIHUHQWLHUHQZHOOLFKWEHWHUYHVWLJLQJVJHGUDJKXL]HQSULM]HQ NHX]HYULMKHLGHQRQJHOLMNKHLGYHUVXVKLQGHUPDWHQ

 6XEMHFWLHIREMHFWLHI

7HQDDQ]LHQYDQGHGLVWLQFWLHVXEMHFWLHI±REMHFWLHIZRUGWHHQSOHLGRRLJHKRXGHQRPEHLGH JRHGXLWHONDDUWHKRXGHQ+HWEHJULSOHHIEDDUKHLGLVHHQVXEMHFWLHIEHJULSGDWZHPHW REMHFWLHYHPDWHQWUDFKWHQWHPHWHQ2PJHYLQJVNZDOLWHLWVWDDWYRRUGHPHHWEDUHHQWHOEDUH RPJHYLQJGLHMXLVWZHOPHWREMHFWLHYHPDWHQZHHUJHJHYHQNDQZRUGHQ+LHUDDQZRUGW WRHJHYRHJGGDWQLHWGHKRHGDQLJKHLGYDQGHRPJHYLQJKHWNZDOLWHLWVGHQNHQEHSDDOGPDDUGH SHUFHSWLHHUYDQ HUYDUHQOHHIRPJHYLQJVNZDOLWHLW 9HUZDFKWLQJHQGLHPHQVHQKHEEHQVSHOHQ KLHUELMHHQEHODQJULMNHURO'HGLVWLQFWLHZRUGWGDDURPYDQEHODQJJHDFKWRPGDWHHQREMHFWLHI RQJH]RQGOHHIVLWXDWLHWRFKDOVNZDOLWDWLHIJRHGHUYDUHQNDQZRUGHQHQRPJHNHHUG

 'RHODQDO\VH

'RHOJHULFKWKHLGYHUJWJHHQHHQGXLGLJEHJULSYDQRPJHYLQJVNZDOLWHLWPDDUHHQGRHODQDO\VH ZRUGWZHOQRGLJJHDFKW=RLVKHWRRNQLHWSHUVHQRGLJWRWLQGH[WHNRPHQZHOOLFKW]LMQ NZDOLWHLWVSURILHOHQYROGRHQGH'HGRHOHQ]LMQHU]LHELMYRRUEHHOGGH1RWD¶VZRQHQGHH 1RWD5XLPWHOLMNHRUGHQLQJHQKHW103 'RHODQDO\VHLVVQHOWHJHQHUHUHQHFKWHUGHRYHUKHLGEHNLMNWKHWNZDOLWHLWVEHJULSYDQXLW YHUVFKLOOHQGHSHUVSHFWLHYHQGDWZLO]HJJHQPHWYHUVFKLOOHQGHGRHOHQYRRURJHQGXVOLMVWMHV

 7KHRULHHQPHWKRGH

2SYDOOHQGLVKHWRQWEUHNHQYDQHHQHHQGXLGLJHEHJULSVHQRSHUDWLRQHOHGHILQLWLHYDQ RPJHYLQJV NZDOLWHLW.HQPHUNHQGYRRUKHWZHHUJHYHQYDQKHWEHJULSLVGDWGLWµDDQZLM]HQG¶ JHEHXUW'HYUDDJULMVWRIGHGHILQLsULQJYDQKHWEHJULSHUHLJHQOLMNWRHGRHWZDWMHZLOWLV YHUEHWHUHQGLIIHUHQWLHUHQEHJULMSHQ JRHG RQWZHUSHQ%HODQJULMNHULVGDWKHWEHJULSZHUNW +RXGWGLWLQGDWWKHRULHHUQLHW]RWRHGRHW-DZHOPDDUYHUVFKLOOHQGHWKHRULHsQRI EHQDGHULQJHQKHEEHQEHWUHNNLQJRSYHUVFKLOOHQGHDVSHFWHQYDQKHWNZDOLWHLWVEHJULS+HWLV HHQPXOWLGLPHQVLRQHHOEHJULS(HQWUDQVDFWLRQHHOGHQNPRGHOELHGWSHUVSHFWLHIYRRUQRWLHV ]RDOVµLQGHPHQVRIEXLWHQGHPHQVJHOHJHQ¶µREMHFWLHI¶YHUVXVµVXEMHFWLHI¶HQKHW

(13)

5,90UDSSRUW 3DJLQDYDQ G\QDPLVFKHDVSHFWYDQGHNZDOLWHLWYDQOHYHQ(UZRUGWHYHQHHQVJHSOHLWYRRUPHHU ORQJLWXGLQDDORQGHU]RHN9HHORQGHU]RHNQDDUµNZDOLWHLW¶LVWUDQVYHUVDDOYDQDDUGZDDUGRRU KHWSURFHVNDUDNWHUYDQµNZDOLWHLW¶QLHWWRWXLWLQJNDQNRPHQ(HQRSWUDQVDFWLRQHOHWKHRULH PRGHOJHVFKRHLGHRQGHU]RHNVRS]HW]RXKLHUELMHHQEHODQJULMNHURONXQQHQVSHOHQ 7RFKRRNGHRSURHSRPQLHWPHWKHWEDGZDWHUKHWNLQGZHJWHJRRLHQHQYRRUDOGH EHVFKLNEDUHGDWDWHJHEUXLNHQ'LWYHUJWHHQYHUGHUJDDQGHVDPHQZHUNLQJWXVVHQWKHRUHWLFLHQ HPSLULVWHQGDQWRWGXVYHURPHONDDUVGRHQHQGHQNHQGHHODFKWLJWHPDNHQHQWHEH]LHQZDW HONDDUVNHQQLVHQNXQGHNDQRSOHYHUHQ7RWVORWZRUGWJHZH]HQRSKHWEHODQJYDQGH YHUVFKLOOHQGHUXLPWHOLMNHVFKDDOQLYHDXV ZRRQRPJHYLQJJHPHHQWHUHJLRSURYLQFLHODQG HQ GHEHWHNHQLVKLHUYDQYRRUGHLQYXOOLQJYDQNZDOLWHLWVEHJULSSHQRQGHU]RHNVWHFKQLHNHQHQ]

(14)

3DJLQDYDQ 5,90UDSSRUW

 $FWLHSXQWHQ

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

(15)

5,90UDSSRUW 3DJLQDYDQ

'HHOQHPHUVOLMVW

'U3HWHU+DUWHORK (85 ,QVWLWXXW%HOHLGHQ0DQDJHPHQW 3RVWEXV '55277(5'$0 7HO(PDLO+DUWHORK#EPJHXUQO 'UV)UDQV.QRO 6&3 6RFLDDOHQ&XOWXUHHO3ODQEXUHDX&R|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

(16)

3DJLQDYDQ 5,90UDSSRUW 'U)UHG:RXGHQEHUJ **'5RWWHUGDP **'5RWWHUGDPHR 3RVWEXV /35277(5'$0 7HO (PDLOZRXGHQEHUJI#JJGURWWHUGDPQO 'U5LHVYDQGHU:RXGHQ 6&3 6RFLDDOHQ&XOWXUHHO3ODQEXUHDX 3RVWEXV %''(1+$$* &R|UGLQDWRU2SHQEDDU%HVWXXU*URWH6WHGHQ 7HO (PDLOUYDQGHUZRXGHQ#VFSQO 5,90GHHOQHPHUV 5,90 3RVWEXV %$%LOWKRYHQ $UQR%RXZPDQ /$( +DUPYDQGH+HLOLJHQEHUJ &,0 1DQF\+RH\PDQV 979 *XXVGH+ROODQGHU /%0019 ,UHQHYDQ.DPS /%0019 3LHWHU.UDPHUV 979 +DQQHNH.UXL]H /%0 (ULN/HEUHW /%0 )RQVYDQGHU/XFKW 979 5LFYDQ3ROO /%0 -DQ5RV /$( %ULJLW6WDDWVHQ /%0

(17)

5,90UDSSRUW 3DJLQDYDQ

9HU]HQGOLMVW

A. H. Pont, DG-RIVM

B. K. van Egmond, RIVM, portefeuillehouder Milieu C. H. Verspoor, VROM-DGM-LOV

D. M. Span, VROM-DGM

E. M. van de Berg, VROM-DGM F. H. Miedema, TNO-PG

G. J. van Dongen, TNO-PG

H. Depot Nederlandse Publikaties en Nederlandse Bibliografie I. G. de Mik, Sector 3-4

J. F. Langeweg, Sector 5 K. J. Hoekstra, hLAE L. R. Maas, hMNV

M. A. van der Giessen, hCIM N. J. Jabben, LLO

O. R. Verheij, VTV P. Deelnemers extern Q. Deelnemers intern R. Auteur(s)

S. SBD/Voorlichting & Public Relations T. Bureau Rapportenregistratie

U. Bibliotheek RIVM V. Bureau Rapportenbeheer W. Reserve exemplaren

(18)

3DJLQDYDQ 5,90UDSSRUW

5HIHUHQWLHV

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³6XVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWDQGTXDOLW\RIOLIH H[SHFWHGHIIHFWVRISURVSHFWLYHFKDQJHVLQHFRQRPLFDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQGLWLRQV =HLWVFKULIWIUH[SHULPHQWHOOH3V\FKRORJLH   ZLWK*HUPDQVXPPDU\ 

Referenties

GERELATEERDE DOCUMENTEN

Middellange termijn effecten zoals allergische reacties, ontstekingsreacties en het ontstaan van granuloma’s kunnen gerelateerd zijn aan een reactie van het lichaam op onzuiverheden

nanotechnologieën op het gebied van comfort en kwaliteit van leven voor mens en milieu positieve ontwikkelingen bieden. In de Kabinetsvisie Nanotechnologieën is reeds geconstateerd

The SSGs’ poor knowledge of sugarcane pests and their control also indicate that pests are not considered an important constraint, particularly when compared to

Section D comprised 33 items divided into nine constructs designed to measure the extent to which the perceived entertainment (five items), informativeness (seven

Social semiotics and phenomenological hermeneutics also question the market-driven nature of present media studies research and argue that in the process of being market- driven

Kosten vergelijking aanvoer bodemverbeterend materiaal en com pensatie met kunstmest per 2 jaar bij handhaven van het organische stof gehalte op 2,5%.. Behandeling aantal m 3

The average annual change in final energy demand up to 2030 ranges from an annual decline of 0.4% in the illustrative pathway of small-scale CO2 removal to an annual increase of

This policy brief aims to inform policymakers and stakeholders about: (1) the emerging international biodiversity governance landscape, in particular international cooperative