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RIVM rapport 610100004 pag. 15 van 30

Op 22 juli 2002 zijn door R.M.W. Overwater van RIVM/LSO metingen uitgevoerd aan de poortdetector van de firma Van Dalen B.V. Nieuwerkerk a/d IJssel. Bij deze metingen waren P.P.A.M. Arends van VROM-Inspectie Regio Zuid-West (VI-ZW) en R.G.C. Janssen van de Röntgen Technische Dienst B.V. (RTD) aanwezig.

Signalering door de poortdetector van aanwezige radioactiviteit vindt plaats op basis van het criterium dat het gemeten stralingsniveau met meer dan 3,5 keer de wortel uit de achtergrond is verhoogd (Tekstbox 2).

Als eerste is bron B, 137Cs in wolfraam container, op het statief geplaatst en is de RIVM vrachtauto tienmaal door de poort gereden.

Signalering heeft plaatsgevonden bij alle metingen van bron B. Om de poortdetector optimaal te laten functioneren wordt door de fabrikant aanbevolen de snelheid van het voertuig te beperken tot maximaal 5 mph (8 km·h-1). Overschrijden van deze snelheid moet volgens de manual van het apparaat leiden tot een alarmering. Om welke reden dan ook heeft dit snelheidsalarm niet gefunctioneerd op 22 juli, wat tot gevolg heeft dat veel metingen in dit rapport als ‘niet-geldig’ zijn bestempeld, aangezien de geregistreerde snelheid meer dan 5 mph was (zie Figuur 9). Scoringspercentages moeten daarom worden gerelateerd aan het aantal geldige metingen.

Figuur 9: Metingen aan bron B. De horizontale as geeft het nummer van de meting aan. Links is het alarmeringsniveau weergegeven voor elk van de 4 detectoren, waarbij arcering aangeeft dat de maximale snelheid is overschreden (=ongeldige meting). Rechts zijn de achter-grondtelsnelheid (background), de detectiegrens (set) en de hoogste meetwaarde (high) weergegeven voor detector 1.

Vervolgens zijn de metingen aan de andere bronnen uitgevoerd: één erts-bron (238U + 232Th) (C), twee additionele 137Cs-bronnen (D en E) en drie 60Co-bronnen (F, G en H). Alarmering vond over het algemeen alleen plaats als de snelheid niet werd overschreden. Overschrijding had tot gevolg dat de correctie voor de verlaging in de achtergrond volledig mis ging en daardoor werkelijke verhogingen niet werden gezien. Voor enkele voorbeelden zie Figuur 10. De resultaten van alle metingen zijn weergegeven in Tabel 5.

2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

background set high

0 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 alarm level

detector 1 detector 2 detector 3 detector 4

detector 1

alarmniveau

RIVM rapport 610100004 pag. 16 van 30

Figuur 10: Metingen aan bron C. De horizontale as geeft het nummer van de meting aan. Links is het alarmeringsniveau weergegeven voor elk van de 4 detectoren, waarbij arcering aangeeft dat de maximale snelheid is overschreden. Rechts zijn de achtergrondtelsnelheid, de detectiegrens en de hoogste meetwaarde weergegeven voor detector 2. Te zien is dat bij te hoge snelheid (metingen 14 en 17) de ‘set’-waarde sterk verhoogd is en de ‘high’-waarde sterk verlaagd.

Tabel 5: Scoringspercentages alarmering van de poortdetector voor verschillende bronnen

bron stralingsniveau a) (nSv·h-1) aantal metingen aantal geldige metingen b) aantal alarmeringen c) percentage (%) c) B 44,4 ± 0,8 10 5 10 / 5 100 / 100 C 12,8 ± 0,9 10 8 8 / 8 80 / 100 D 6,3 ± 0,5 10 3 3 / 3 30 / 100 E 13,9 ± 1,9 10 10 10 / 10 100 / 100 F 8,9 ± 0,6 2 2 0 / 0 0 / 0 G 12,6 ± 0,5 10 8 7 / 7 70 / 88 H 23,6 ± 1,9 10 8 8 / 8 80 / 100

a) berekend op basis van resultaten in Tabel 2 en poortbreedteverhouding

b) indien de snelheid hoger is dan de door de fabrikant aangegeven max. snelheid is de meting ongeldig verklaard c) eerste waarde op basis van alle metingen, tweede waarde op basis van alle geldige metingen

Tevens zijn langere metingen uitgevoerd aan het achtergrondstralingsniveau ter plaatse van de poortdetector met behulp van de Reuter-Stokes RSS-111. Dit is gedaan met en zonder de aan-wezigheid van de vrachtauto in de poort. Na afloop van deze metingen is bron A (137Cs-bron, uit wolfraam container) op het statief geplaatst en is de aanname van de kwadratenwet zoals vermeld in paragraaf 2.1 getoetst. Resultaten van deze metingen zijn vermeld in Tabel 6. Er blijkt een iets grotere afwijking te bestaan tussen berekende en gemeten waarde voor bron A. Dit is deels te verklaren door de opstelling, die hier op een helling stond (zie ook Figuren 7 en 8) en de meetfout in de afstand tot de vrachtwagen (enkele procenten).

Tabel 6: Gemeten stralingsniveau’s van de achtergrond en van bron A

meting stralingsniveau (nSv·h-1)

Verwacht op basis van kwadratenwet (nSv·h-1)

BKG1 = achtergrond zonder auto 73,4 ± 0,4 BKG2 = achtergrond met auto 68,1 ± 0,4

bron A, excl. achtergrond met auto 1134,4 ± 1,6 1058,0 ± 1,7

2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 0 1 2 3 4 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 alarm level

detector 1 detector 2 detector 3 detector 4

detector 2

background set high

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