IN GALASIËRS 3:15
Die volgende tabel wys ter opsomming die oorwig van argumente in die guns van die verbond tussen menspartye as die sosiohistoriese konteks van diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh: diaqh/kh
Vereistes van die diaqh/kh diaqh/kh diaqh/kh diaqh/kh in Galasiërs 3:15: Griekse
Testament Romeinse Testament Joodse Testament Verbond tussen menspartye 1. Moet ʼn illustrasie uit
die gewone lewe wees X X X X
2. Moet onherroeplik wees nadat dit van krag
geword het X
3. Moet afgesluit wees sodat niks bygevoeg
mag word nie X
4. Moet die argument
van Paulus ondersteun X
5. Die vertaling moet kongrueer met die vertaling in Galasiërs en elders in Paulus se briewe X 6. Moet ʼn regsgeldige handeling wees. X X X X
7. Moet in lyn wees met die Ou-Testamentiese
gebruike X
8. Moet die gedagte van
klhronomi/a klhronomi/a klhronomi/a
klhronomi/a kan verklaar
X X X X
9. Moet dadelik van krag
word X
10.4 GEVOLGTREKKING
Die verbond tussen menspartye maak goeie sin in Galasiërs 3:15-18. Op elke gebied wys die kriteria dat dié gebruik die beste konstruksie is van die sosio- historiese konteks van diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh. Paulus verwys hier na ʼn spesifieke gebruik wat
bekend was en nie na ʼn algemeen geldende beginsel nie. Die aanvaarding van die mens-verbond as die sosiohistoriese konteks veroorsaak dat sy argument duidelik is en dat die geadresseerdes besef en verstaan het dat dit onredelik is om te wil beweer dat God sy verbond verander het deur die wet by die belofte te voeg.
Die geadresseerdes kan vasstaan daarin dat wat in Christus deur die geloof verkry is, nie ongeldig gemaak word indien hulle nie besny is en nie die ander vereistes van die wet nakom nie. Slegs Christus is nie net voldoende nie, maar slegs Hy is noodsaaklik.
Dié werklikheid is vir Christene vandag tot groot aanmoediging om slegs in Christus vas te staan en nie te begin steun op die onderhouding van die wet as wyse om ʼn herstelde verhouding met God te bewerk nie. Die verbond wat God met die gelowige sluit, is van krag en daaraan kan niks bygevoeg of verander word nie.
ABSTRACT
The socio-historical context of diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh diaqh/kh
in Galatians 3:15-18
[Key terms: New Testament, covenant, last will, inheritance, law, socio- historical context, diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh]
The overall aim of the research is to construct the socio-historical context of
diaqh/kh diaqh/kh diaqh/kh
diaqh/kh in Galatians 3:15-18 and to understand Paul’s argument to the Galatians
better. The construction of the socio-historical context of diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh in Galatians diaqh/kh
3:15-18, and of Paul and the first addressees is necessary for a valid construction of the socio-historical context of diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh. The determination of the context
contributes to a valid interpretation of Paul’s argument in Galatians 3:15-18. The current trend in the research of Galatians 3:15-18, and on the diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh is
addressed. The judicial trends in the first century’s Greek, Roman, and Jewish judicial systems are discussed. All the customs in these cultures are changeable and do not fit the requirements of the criteria that Paul has set up in Galatians 3:15. The customs for entering into the covenant in the Old Testament are researched because "covenant" is a possible translation of diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh.
The research subsequently discusses the customs on inheritance laws in the New Testament and the use of diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh in the New Testament. The rhetorical diaqh/kh
argument of Paul in Galatians is discussed to determine which sociohistorical context would fit diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh the best.
The research concludes with a construction of the sociohistirical context of
diaqh/kh diaqh/kh diaqh/kh
diaqh/kh in Galatians 3:15-18. The conclusion is that the covenant between
human parties is the best possible context for diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh in Galatians 3:15-18. It
OPSOMMING
Die sosiohistoriese konteks van diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh diaqh/kh
in Galasiërs 3:15-18
[Sleutelterme: Nuwe Testament, verbond, testament, erfreg, wet, sosiohistoriese konteks, diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh] diaqh/kh
Die oorkoepelende doelstelling van hierdie studie is om die sosiohistoriese konteks van diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh in Galasiërs 3:15-18 te konstrueer, om sodoende Paulus se
argument aan die Galasiërs beter te verstaan. Die konstruksie van die sosiohistoriese konteks van diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh in Galasiërs 3:15-18, asook van Paulus en
die eerste lesers is noodsaaklik vir ’n geldige interpretasie van diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh. Die
verrekening van hierdie konteks dra by tot ’n geldige interpretasie.
Die stand van navorsing ivm Galasiërs 3:15-18, asook die stand oor die begrip
diaqh/kh diaqh/kh diaqh/kh
diaqh/kh, kom kortliks aan die orde. Daarna word die heersende juridiese erfreg in
terme van die eerste eeuse Griekse, Romeinse, en Joodse regstelsels bepaal. Die gebruike voldoen nie een aan die onveranderbaarheidsvereiste nie. Die gebruike vir die sluiting van ʼn verbond in die Ou Testament word bepaal, omdat een vertalingsmoontlikheid van diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh “verbond” is. diaqh/kh
Vervolgens is die gebruike rondom erfreg in die Nuwe Testament bepaal, asook die betekenis en gebruik van diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh in die Nuwe Testament. Die retoriese diaqh/kh
funksie van diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh binne die argument van die Galasiërbrief word bepaal om
aan te dui wat die mees-waarskynlike sosiohistoriese konteks vir diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh is.
Die navorsing sluit af met die konstruksie van die sosiohistoriese konteks van
ddddiaqh/khiaqh/khiaqh/khiaqh/kh in Galasiërs 3:15-18. Die gevolgtrekking is dat die verbond tussen
menspartye die beste voldoen aan die kriteria wat Paulus aan diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh stel en dat
Bibliografie
Aland, B, Aland, K, Black, M, Martini, CM, Metzger, BM & Wikgren, A. 1993, c1979. The Greek New Testament, 4th ed. Stuttgart: United Bible Societies.
Alexander, Desmond T. 1983. Genesis 22 and the covenant of circumcision. Journal for
the study of the Old Testament 25:17-22.
Arndt, William F & Gingrich, F Wilbur. 1957. A Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Arichea, Daniel C & Nida, Eugene Albert. 1993. A handbook on Paul's letter to the Galatians. New York: United Bible Societies. (UBS Handbook Series; Helps for Translators), Logos Research Systems, Inc. S. 69.
Aristotle, Jowett, Benjamin, 1908. Aristotle's politics. translated by Davis, HWC ed, 1874-1928. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Bammel, E. 1959-60. Gottes Diatheke (Gal 3:15-17) und das jüdische Rechtsdenken.
New Testament Studies (6):313-19.
Barclay, John MG. 1987. Mirror-Reading a polemical letter: Galatians as a test case.
Journal for the Study of the New Testament 31:73-93.
Beasley-Murray, GR. 1974. The book of Revelation. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
Behm, J. 1964-c1976. diaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/khdiaqh/kh, (in Kittel, Gerhard (Hrsg); Bromiley, Geoffrey William
(Hrsg); Friedrich, Gerhard (Hrsg): Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. electronic ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans), Logos Research Systems, Inc. Behm, J. 1995. kuro/wkuro/wkuro/w. (in Kittel, Gerhard; Friedrich, Gerhard; Bromiley, Geoffrey kuro/w
William (Eds): Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans), Logos Research Systems, Inc S. 494.
Behm, J. 1964-c1976. kuro/wkuro/wkuro/wkuro/w. (in Kittel, Gerhard (Hrsg); Bromiley, Geoffrey William
(Hrsg); Friedrich, Gerhard (Hrsg): Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. electronic ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans), Logos Research Systems, Inc S. 3:1100.
Betz, Hans Dieter. 1979. Galatians: a commentary on Paul’s letter to the churches in Galatia. Philadelphia: Fortress Press.
Bligh, John. 1970. Galatians: a discussion of st Paul’s epistle. London: St Paul Publications.
Bloomfield, L. 1935. Language. London: George Allen & Unwin. Bornkamm, Gunther. 1975. Paul. Norfolk: Lowe & Brydone.
Botha, JE. 1996. Exploring gesture and nonverbal communication in the Bible and the Ancient World: some initial observations. Neotestamentica 30:(1):13-15.
Bruce, FF. 1982. The epistle to the Galatians: a commentary on the Greek text. Grand Rapids: Paternoster.
Buchanan, GW. 2003. The covenant in legal context. (in Porter, Stanley E & Roo de JCR The concept of the covenant in the second temple period. Leiden: Brill p 27- 54).
Burton, Ernest De Witt. 1921. The epistle to the Galatians; a critical and exegetical commentary. Edinburgh: T&T Clark.
Burrows, Millar. 1940. The ancient oriental background of Hebrew Levirate Marriage.
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 77:2-15.
Bul’hler, Georg. 1984. The laws of Manu: translated with extracts from seven commentaries. Delhi: M. Banarsidass. (Reprint. Originally published: Oxford University Press, 1886. Translated by G Bul’hler).
Bybel. 1992. Die Nuwe Afrikaanse Vertaling met herformulerings. Kaapstad: Bybelgenootskap van Suid-Afrika.
Bybel, Multivertaling, 2004. (Human, Dirk & Van Rooy, Herrie reds. Ou Testament. Van Rensburg, Fika J & Van der Watt, Jan reds. Nuwe Testament.) Vereeniging: Christelike Uitgewersmaatskappy.
Campbell, KM. 1972. Rahab's covenant: a short note on Joshua 2:9-21. Vetus
Testamentum 22(2):243-244.
Campbell, TH. 1955. Paul’s missionary journeys’ as reflected in his letters. Journal of
Biblical Literature 74:80-87.
Carson, DA. 1994. New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition. 4th ed. Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press, Logos Research Systems, Inc.
Carson, DA & Moo, Douglas J. 2005. 2 ed. An introduction to the New Testament. Leicester: Apollos.
Cicero. MT 1951. De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum. With an English translation by H. Rackham. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Cicero. MT. 1876 (1907 printing) Ciceronis in Q. Caecilium civinatio et in C. Verrum actio prima. With introduction and notes by WE Heitland and Herbert Cowie. Cambridge, Cambs: C.U.P.
Coetzee, JC, De Klerk, BJ & Floor, L. 1980. Die hermeneuse van die Skrif met die oog op hedendaagse kerklik-etiese vraagstukke. In die Skriflig 14(54):12-26.
Cole, R Alan. 1983. Reprinted. The epistle of Paul to the Galatians. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
Cosgrove, CH. 1988. “Arguing like a mere human being: Galatians 3:15-18 in rhetorical perspective.” New Testament Studies 34:536-549.
Cranfield, CEB. 1975. A critical and exegetical commentary on the epistle to the Romans. Volume I. Edinburg: T&T Clark.
Cranfield, CEB. 1979. A critical and exegetical commentary on the epistle to the Romans. Volume II. Edinburg: T&T Clark.
Cross, Frank Moore. 1998. From Epic to Canon: history and literature in Ancient Israel. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
De Klerk, Ben J & Janse van Rensburg, Fika. 2005. Preekgeboorte: ’n handleiding vir gereformeerde eksegese en prediking, toegepas op 1 Petrus 2:11-12, 18-25. Potchefstroom: Potchefstroomse Teologiese Publikasies.
Deissmann, GA. 1901. Bible studies: contributions chiefly from papyri and inscriptions to the history of the language, the literature, and the religion of Hellenistic Judaism and the primitive Christianity. Edinburgh: T&T Clark.
Deissmann, Adolf. 1911. Light from the ancient east: the New Testament illustrated by recently discovered texts of the Graeco-Roman world. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
Demosthenes VII. 1954. Funeral speech. Met Engelse vertaling deur Norman W Dewitt en Norman J DeWitt. London: Heinemann.
Demosthenes V. 1954. Private orations XLI-XLIX. Met Engelse vertaling deur Murray, AT. London: Heinemann.
Den Heyer, CJ. 2000. Paul: a man of two worlds. London: SCM Press.
De Villiers, AB. 1957. Die Romeinse erfreg. Stellenbosch: Universiteitsuitgewers en Boekhandelaars.
Hammurabi. 1955. The Babylonian laws. Edited with translation and commentary by GR Driver and John C Miles. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dunn, JDG. 1988. Romans 1-8. Colombia: Nelson Reference & electronic.
Dunn, JDG. 1990. Jesus, Paul, and the Law: studies in Mark and Galatians. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox.
Dunn, JDG. 1993a. The epistle to the Galatians. Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers. Dunn, JDG. 1993b. The theology of Paul’s letter to the Galatians. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Dunn, JDG. 1998. The theology of Paul the apostle. Edinburgh: T&T Clark.
Dunn, JDG. 2003. Did Paul have a covenant theology? Reflections on Romans 9:4 and 11:27. (in Porter, Stanley E & Roo de JCR The concept of the covenant in the second temple period. Leiden: Brill p 287-310).
Du Rand, JA. 1998. Groups in Jewish national life in the New Testament period (In Du Toit, AB ed. Guide to the New Testament. Volume II: The New Testament milieu. Halfway House: Orion), Logos Research Systems, Inc.
Du Toit, AB. 1984, Oriënterende opmerkings oor die Pauliniese briefliteratuur. (In Du Toit, AB red. Handleiding by die Nuwe Testament. Volume V: Die Pauliniese Briewe: inleiding en teologie. Pretoria: NG Kerkboekhandel p1-37)
Eger, Otto. 1917. Rechtswörter und Rechtsbilder in den paulinischen Briefen. Zeitschrift
für die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 18:84-108.
Eichler, J. "Inheritance." 1976. (In Brown, Colin ed. New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology. Volume 2. Exeter: The Paternoster Press p 295-303). Eichrodt, Walther. 1966. Covenant and law. Thoughts on recent discussion.
Interpretation 20 (3): 302-321.
Eichrodt, Walther. 1978. Theology of the Old Testament. Vol 1. London: SCM Press. Epstein, Louis M. 1934–1935. The Institution of concubinage among the Jews.
Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research 6:153-188.
Esler, Philip F. 1995. Making and breaking an agreement Mediterranean style: a new reading of Galatians 2:1-14. Biblical Interpretation 3 (3): 285-314.
Falk, ZW. 1959. Gestures [the right hand] expressing affirmation. Journal of Semitic
Studies 4:268-269.
Falk, ZW. 1974. Hellenistic private law. (in Safrai, S & Stern, M eds. The Jewish people in the first century. Assen: Van Gorcum and Co.) p 534-560.
Falk, ZW. 2001. Hebrew law in biblical times: an introduction. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press.
Feigin, Samuel. 1931. Some cases of adoption in Israel. Journal of Biblical Literature 50(3):186-200.
Fensham, F Charles. 1964. The treaty between Israel and the Gibeonites. The Biblical
Archaeologist 27 (3):96-100.
Fensham, F Charles. 1971. Father and son as terminology for treaty and covenant. (in Goedicke, Hans ed Near Eastern studies in honor of William Foxwell Albright. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press p 121-136).
Friedrich, JH. 1990-c1993. klhronomi/aklhronomi/aklhronomi/aklhronomi/a. (in Balz, Horst Robert ; Schneider, Gerhard eds.
Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament. Grand Rapids, Mich: Eerdmans) Logos Research Systems, Inc. S. 2:298-299.
Gagarin, Michael. 2008. Writing Greek law. New York: Cambridge University Press. Gaius 1946. The institutes of Gaius. Part 1: Text with critical notes and translation by
Francis De Zulueta. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Gardiner, Frederic. 1885. On διαθήκη in Heb. ix. 16, 17. Journal of the Society of
Biblical Literature and Exegesis. 5(1/2):8-19.
Gardner, Jane F. 1989. The adoption of Roman freedmen. Phoenix 43(3):236-257. George, Timothy. 1994. Galatians. USA: Broadman & Holman Publishers.
Goligher, WA. 1907. Isaeus and Attic Law. Hermathena 14:184-187.
Goppelt, Leonhard. 1982. Theology of the New Testament: the variety and unity of the apostolic witness to Christ. Vol 1. Grand Rapids: William B Eerdmans.
Groenewald, EP. ???. Die eerste brief aan die Korinthiers. Kaapstad: NG Kerk- Uitgewers.
Grönum, N & Janse van Rensburg, F. 2004. Die Gereformeerde Skrifbeskouing en die verrekening van die sosiohistoriese konteks in die eksegetiese proses. In die
Skriflig 38(4):579-592.
Grosheide, FW.1980. Commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
Guhrt, J. 1976. Covenant. (In Brown, Colin ed. New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology. Volume 1. Exeter: The Paternoster Press pp 365-372). Guthrie, Donald. 1969. Galatians. London: Nelson. (The Century Bible).
Halmel, A. 1895. Über römisches Recht im Galaterbrief: eine Untersuching zur Geschichte des Paulinismus. Essen: (sn).
Hahn, Scott Walker. 1995. Kinship by covenant: a biblical theological study of covenant types and text in the Old and New Testaments. A Dissertation. Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Hahn, Scott Walker. 2005a. Covenant in the Old and New Testaments: Some current research (1994-2004) Currents in Biblical Research 3(2):263-292.
Hahn, Scott Walker. 2005b. Covenant, Oath, and the Aqedah: Diaqh/khDiaqh/khDiaqh/khDiaqh/kh in Galatians
3:15-18. The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 67:79-100.
Harris, Murray J. 2005. The Second Epistle to the Corinthians: a commentary on the Greek text. Grand Rapids, MI: Milton Keynes. Logos Research Systems, Inc. S. 269.
Harrison, ARW. 1968. The law of Athens: The family and property. Oxford: Claredon. Hays, Richard B. 2001. The faith of Jesus Christ: the narrative substructure of Galatians
3:1-4:11, rev.ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
Hemer, C. 1990. The book of Acts in the setting of Hellenistic history. Winona Lake: Eisebrauns.
Hendriksen, William. 1979. Reprinted. Galatians. Edinburgh: The Banner of Truth Trust. Herrmann, J. 1964-c1976. klh=roj.klh=roj.klh=roj.(in Kittel, Gerhard (Hrsg); Bromiley, Geoffrey William klh=roj.
(Hrsg); Friedrich, Gerhard (Hrsg): Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. electronic ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans), Logos Research Systems, Inc S. 3:758-765).
Hester, JD. 1968. Paul's concept of inheritance: a contribution to the understanding of Heilsgeshichte. London and Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd.
Hiers, Richard H. 1993–1994. Transfer of property by inheritance and bequest in Biblical law and tradition. Journal of Law and Religion 10(1):121-155.
Huffmon, Herbert B. 1966. The treaty background of Hebrew Yāda. Bulletin of the
American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 181 (Feb): 31-37.
Hughes, John J. 1979. Hebrews IX 15ff and Galatians III 15ff: a study in covenant practice and procedure. Novum Testamentum 21(1): 27-96.
Hugenberger, Gordon Paul. 1994. Marriage as covenant: a study of Biblical Law and ethics governing marriage, developed from the perspective of Malachi. Vetus
Testamentum, Supplements 52. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Hunt, AS & Edgar, CC. 1932. Selected papyri: non-literary papyri private affairs. Volume 1. London: William Heineman LTD.
Jewett, R. 1971. The agitators and the Galatian congregation. New Testament Studies 17:198-212.
Johnson, Elliott. 2010. Does Hebrews have a covenant theology? The Master 's
Seminary Journal 21(1):31-54.
Jones, J Walter. 1956. The law and legal theory of the Greeks. Oxford: Clarendon. Jonker, WD. 1976. Die Brief aan die Romeine. Kaapstad: NG Kerk-Uitgewers.
Jordaan, GJC. 1991. Skrifbeskouing: deurslaggewende faktor by skrifverklaring. Inougurele rede. Potchefstroom: PU vir CHO, Departement Sentrale Publikasies. Josephus, Flavius. 1996. The works of Josephus: complete and unabridged/ Whiston,
William. Peabody: Hendrickson, Logos Research Systems, Inc.
Kalluveettil, Paul. 1982. Declaration and covenant: a comprehensive review of covenant formulae from the Old Testament and the Ancient Near East. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute.
Keener, Craig S. 1993. The IVP Bible background commentary: New Testament. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, Logos Research Systems, Inc.
Kitchen, Kenneth A. 1989. The fall and rise of covenant, law and treaty. Tyndale
Bulletin 40:118-135.
Lategan, BC. 1984. Galasiërs. (in Du Toit, AB red. Handleiding by die Nuwe Testament. Volume V: Die Pauliniese briewe: inleiding en teologie. Pretoria: NG Kerkboekhandel p 95-113).
Lee, Daniel. 2004. A Reassessment of the Meaning of the Abrahamic covenant for Evangelical Theology. Quodlibet Journal 6(3):1-16.
Leon, HJ. 1960. The Jews of Ancient Rome. Philadelphia, Pa: Jewish Publication Society of America.
Liddell, H. 1996. A lexicon: abridged from Liddell and Scott's Greek-English lexicon. Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
Lightfoot, Joseph Barber. 1874. St. Paul's epistle to the Galatians: a revised text with
introduction, notes, and dissertations. 4th ed. London: Macmillan and co, Logos
Research Systems, Inc.
Longenecker, Richard N. 1990. Galatians. Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
Louw, JP & Nida, EA. eds. 1988a. Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament based on semantic domains. Volume 1. New York: United Bible Societies.
Louw, JP & Nida, EA. eds. 1988b. Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament based on semantic domains. Volume 2. New York: United Bible Societies.
Luther, Martin. 1978. Commentary on Galatians. Translated by Erasmus Middleton. Grand Rapids: Kregel Classics.
Lyall, Francis. 1969. Roman law in the writings of Paul: adoption. Journal of Biblical
Literature 88(4):458-466.
MacDowell, Douglas M. 1978. The law in classical Athens. London: Thames and Hudson.
Maffi, Alberto. 2005. Family and property law. (in Gagarin, Michael & Cohen, David The Cambridge companion to ancient Greek law. New York: Cambridge University Press pp 254-266).
Malherbe, Abraham J. 1983. Social aspects of early Christianity. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Fortress.
Malherbe, WMR. 195?. Die Romeinse erfreg. Stellenbosch: Universiteitsuitgewers en Boekhandelaars.
Malina, Bruce. 1979. The individual and the community: personality in the social world of early Christianity. Biblical Theology 9:126-138.
Matera, F. 1993. Galatians. Sacra Pagina. Collegeville: Liturgical.
Marshall, I. Howard. 1978. The Gospel of Luke : a commentary on the Greek Text. Exeter: Paternoster Press, (The New International Greek Testament Commen- tary), Logos Research Systems, Inc S. 804.
Martyn,J Louis. 1997. Galatians: a new translation with introduction and commentary. New York: Doubleday.
Martitz, vW. 1964-c1976. ui9oqesi/anui9oqesi/anui9oqesi/an. (in Kittel, Gerhard (Hrsg); Bromiley, Geoffrey ui9oqesi/an
Testament. electronic ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, Logos Research