5. Conclusie en discussie
5.3 Conclusie
De centrale focus van dit experiment was het effect van het maken van de oefening. Uit de resultaten bleek dat het effect hiervan bescheiden was maar wel voldeed aan de verwachtingen. Omdat de wereld voor een aantal belangrijke uitdagingen staat, en wij in toenemende mate afhankelijk zijn van wetenschappelijke en technologische vooruitgang om deze uitdagingen het hoofd te kunnen bieden, lijkt het raadzaam om verder onderzoek te blijven doen naar methoden om individuen te wapenen tegen de invloed van misinformatie. Zoals besproken wordt misinformatie middels een tweetraps-methode verspreid; eerst wordt twijfel gezaaid, veelal met behulp van drogredeneringen, daarna wordt een alternatieve verklaring aangeboden. Onderzoek wijst erop dat het geloof in complottheorieën en pseudowetenschap een affectieve oorsprong heeft en pas achteraf wordt gerationaliseerd. Daarom is het zaaien van twijfel het werkelijke wapen van verspreiders van misinformatie, niet persé de inhoud van de alternatieve verklaring. Hierdoor lijkt het niet productief om als tegenreactie simpelweg dogmatisch te blijven wijzen op wetenschappelijke consensus en officiële conclusies van relevante instanties. De besproken mislukking van de HPV-inentingscampagne laat zien dat deze werkwijze in het digitale tijdperk niet langer afdoende is, of zelfs het tegenovergestelde effect bereikt, nu individuen zich via het internet kunnen informeren via een vrijwel oneindig aantal ongecontroleerde, alternatieve bronnen. Het is niet realistisch om te verwachten dat de invloed van heuristisch en gemotiveerd redeneren op onze denkbeelden volledig kan worden geneutraliseerd omdat wij in beginsel sociale primaten zijn en daarna pas rationele beslissers. Wel wijzen de resultaten van dit experiment erop dat de invloed van drogredeneringen die inhaken op onze intuïties en motivatoren kan worden gematigd met bewuste kennis erover en enige oefening in het herkennen ervan. Omdat de oefening in dit experiment slechts kort en laagdrempelig was zou het erg interessant zijn om te zien wat het effect van een vergelijkbare, maar uitgebreidere en didactisch gedifferentieerde training kan zijn.
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