• No results found

5 Conclusie en discussie

5.2 Beperkingen en aanbevelingen voor vervolgonderzoek

Wel moeten bij de uitkomst van dit onderzoek wat opmerkingen worden geplaatst. Zo bestaat de onderzoeksgroep uit met name grote tot zeer grote Nederlandse ondernemingen. De bevindingen in dit onderzoek zijn hierdoor niet generaliseerbaar naar kleinere ondernemingen en ook niet zomaar naar ondernemingen uit andere landen. De effecten van de ondernemingskarakteristieken kunnen bij kleinere ondernemingen wellicht wel een

significante invloed hebben op de transparantie van MVO verslagen. Dit kan bijvoorbeeld komen doordat de Transparantiebenchmark al een redelijke tijd bestaat en hierdoor de MVO verslagen de laatste jaren, met name onder de deelnemers, al tot een over het algemeen goed niveau zijn gestegen. Hierdoor hebben de onderzochte ondernemingskarakteristieken wellicht minder effect dan op basis van de literatuur werd verwacht. Hier kan in de toekomst meer onderzoek naar worden gedaan.

Verder is de verdeling binnen de onderzoeksgroep naar industrie niet gelijk verdeeld en zijn sommige industrieën onder gerepresenteerd of zelfs afwezig. Dit kan een vertekend beeld opleveren wat betreft de invloed van industrie op MVO verslaggeving. Er moet daarom meer onderzoek komen naar de invloed van industrie op de transparantie van de MVO verslagen van Nederlandse ondernemingen. Zo kan er gekeken worden naar het indelen in industrie op basis van andere criteria ’s. Om deze redenen moet er meer onderzoek worden gedaan naar de effecten van industrie op de mate van transparantie in MVO verslaggeving. Als laatste wordt benadrukt dat dit onderzoek uitgevoerd is over maar één jaar, de kans bestaat dus dat dit een moment opname is en dat er in andere jaren of langere periodes andere resultaten worden gevonden.

6 Referenties

Adams, C.A., Hill, W., Roberts, C.B. (1998) Corporate Social Reporting Practices in Western Europe: Legitimating Corporate Behaviour?British Accounting Review 30: 1–21

Adams CA. (2002) Internal organizational factors influencing corporate social and ethical reporting: beyond current theorizing. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal 15(7): 223–250.

Alsaeed, K. (2006) The association between firm-specific characteristics and disclosure.

Managerial Auditing Journal 21(5): 476–496.

Asif, M., Searcy, C., dos Santos, P., Kensah, D. (2013) A Review of Dutch Corporate Sustainable Development Reports. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental

Management 20: 321–339

Belkaoui, A., Karpik, P.G. (1989) Determinants of the Corporate Decision to Disclose Social Information. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 2(1): 36–51.

Bezemer, P., Peij, S., de Kruijs, L., Maassen, G. (2014) How two-tier boards can be more effective. Corporate Governance 14(1): 15 – 31

Clarke, J., Gibson-Sweet, M. (1999) The use of corporate social disclosures in the management of reputation and legitimacy: a cross sectoral analysis of UK Top 100 Companies. Business Ethics: A European Review 8(1): 5–13.

Cohen, J. W. (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Cormier, D., Magnan, M. (1999) Corporate Environmental Disclosure Strategies: Determinants, Costs and Benefits. Journal Of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 14(4): 429-451.

Cormier, D., Magnan, M. (2003) Environmental reporting management: a continental European perspective. Journal Of Accounting & Public Policy 22(1): 43-62.

Cormier, D., Magnan, M., Van Velthoven, B. (2005) Environmental disclosure quality in large German companies: Economic incentives, public pressures or institutional conditions?

European Accounting Review 14(1): 3-39.

Cowen, S. S., Ferreri, L. B., Parker, L. D. (1987) The Impact of Corporate Characteristics on Social Responsibility Disclosure A Typology and Frequency-Based Analysis Accounting,

Organizations & Society 12(2): 111-122.

Dando, N., Swift, T. (2003) Transparency and assurance: Minding the credibility gap. Journal

of Business Ethics 44: 195–200.

Daub C-H. (2007) Assessing the quality of sustainability reporting: an alternative methodological approach. Journal of Cleaner Production 15: 75–85.

Dawkins, J., Lewis, S. (2003) CSR in Stakeholder Expectations: And Their Implication for Company Strategy. Journal Of Business Ethics 44(2/3): 185-193.

Dhaliwal, D.S., Radhakrishnan, S., Tsang, A., Yang. Y.G. (2012) Nonfinancial Disclosure and Analyst Forecast Accuracy: International Evidence on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. Accounting Review 87(3):723-759

Dubbink, W., Graafland, J., Liedekerke, L. (2008) CSR, Transparency and the Role of Intermediate Organisations. Journal Of Business Ethics 82(2): 391-406.

Eng, L.L., Mak. Y.T. (2003) Corporate governance and voluntary disclosure. Journal of

Accounting and Public Policy 22: 325–345.

Ernst & Young Accountants LLP, EY (2015) EU richtlijn verslaggeving over niet-financiële informatie: basis voor een goede business case

Fernandez-Feijoo, B., Romero, S., Ruiz, S. (2014). Effect of stakeholders' pressure on transparency of sustainability reports within the GRI framework. Journal Of Business Ethics 122(1): 53-63.

Fifka, M. S. (2013) Corporate Responsibility Reporting and its Determinants in Comparative Perspective - a Review of the Empirical Literature and a Meta-analysis. Business Strategy &

The Environment 22(1): 1-35

Global Reporting Initiative, GRI (2006) Sustainability Reporting Guidelines version 3 Global reporting Initiative, GRI (2013). Sustainability Reporting Guidelines version 4.0

Gonzalez-Benito J., Gonzalez-Benito O. (2006) A review of determinant factors of environmental proactivity. Business Strategy and the Environment 15: 87–102.

Gray, R., Kouhy, R., Layers, S. (1995) Corporate social and environmental reporting: A review of the literature and a longitudinal study of UK disclosure. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 8(2): 47-77

Hackston, D., Milne, M.J. (1996) Some determinants of social and environmental disclosures in New Zealand companies. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal 9 (1): 77–108 Haddock, J. (2005) Consumer influence on internet-based corporate communication of environmental activities: the UK food sector. British Food Journal 107: 792–805.

Haddock-Fraser, J., Fraser, I. (2007) Assessing corporate environmental reporting motivations: differences between ‘close-to-market’ and ‘business-to-business’ companies.

Corporate Social Responsibility & Environmental Management 15(3): 140-155.

Halme, M., Huse, M. (1997) The Influence of Corporate Governance, Industry and Country Factors on Environmental Reporting. Scandinavian Journal of Management 13(2): 137–157. Holder-Webb, L., Cohen, J., Nath, L., Wood, D. (2009) The Supply of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures Among U.S. Firms. Journal Of Business Ethics 84(4): 497-527.

Hsu, H., Wu, C.Y. (2014) Board composition, grey directors and corporate failure in the UK.

The British Accounting Review 46: 215-227

Inchausti, B.G. (1997) The influence of company characteristics and accounting regulation on information disclosed by Spanish firms. European Accounting Review 6(1): 45-68.

International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). 2013. The International Integrated Reporting Framework. International Integrated Reporting Council

Kaptein, M. (2003) De open onderneming: een bedrijfsethisch vraagstuk (Doctoraal proefschrift).

KPMG. (2008). International Survey of Corporate Responsibility Reporting 2008. Amsterdam.

Lindblom, C.K. (1994) The implications of organizational legitimacy for corporate social performance and disclosure. paper presented at the Critical Perspectives on Accounting

Conference, New York, NY.

Lu, Y., & Abeysekera, I. (2014) Stakeholders' power, corporate characteristics, and social and environmental disclosure: evidence from China. Journal Of Cleaner Production 64: 426-436. Meek, G. K., Roberts, C. B., & Gray, S. J. (1995) Factors Influencing Voluntary Annual Report Disclosures by U.S., U.K. and Continental European Multinational Corporations.

Journal Of International Business Studies 26(3): 555-572.

Michelon, G., Parbonetti, A. (2012) The effect of corporate governance on sustainability disclosure. Journal of Management and Governance 16: 477-509

Ministerie van Economische Zaken (2014a). Transparantiebenchmark 2014: De Kristal 2014. Den Haag: Ministerie van Economische zaken.

Ministerie van Economische Zaken (2014b). Deelnameprotocol Transparantiebenchmark

2014. Den Haag: Ministerie van Economische zaken.

Ministerie van Economische Zaken (2014c). Criteria Transparantiebenchmark

2014. Den Haag: Ministerie van Economische zaken.

Morhardt, J.E. (2010) Corporate social responsibility and sustainability reporting on the internet. Business Strategy And The Environment, 19(7): 436-452.

Moser, D.V., Martin, P.R. (2012) A Broader Perspective on Corporate Social Responsibility Research in Accounting. Accounting Review 87(3): 797-806

Pallant, J. (2005) SPSS survival manual: a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (version 12) (2nd ed.). Maidenhead: Open University Press

Quaak, L., Aalbers, T., Goedee, J. (2007) Transparency of Corporate Social Responsibility in Dutch Breweries. Journal Of Business Ethics 76(3): 293-308

Remkes, R., (2000) Het meten van de performance van een onderneming op de financieel-economische dimensie van maatschappelijk verantwoord ondernemen. Erasmus

University, Rotterdam

Reverte, C. (2009) Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Ratings by Spanish Listed Firms. Journal Of Business Ethics 88(2): 351-366.

Sociaal-Economische Raad (SER): 2000, De winst van waarden (Social Economic Council, The Hague).

Stanwick, P.A., Stanwick, S.D. (1998a). The Relationship Between Corporate Social Performance, and Organizational Size, Financial Performance, and Environmental Performance: An Empirical Examination. Journal Of Business Ethics, 17(2): 195-204.

Stanwick, S.D., Stanwick, P.A. (1998b) Corporate Social Responsiveness: An Empirical Examination Using the Environmental Disclosure Index. International Journal Of Commerce

& Management 8(3/4): 26

Tagesson, T., Blank, V., Broberg, P., & Collin, S. (2009). What explains the extent and content of social and environmental disclosures on corporate websites: a study of social and environmental reporting in Swedish listed corporations. Corporate Social Responsibility &

Environmental Management 16(6): 352-364

Vermorken, M.M. (2011) GICS or ICB, how different is similar? Journal Of Asset

Management 12(1): 30-44.

Vormedal, I., Ruud, A. (2009) Sustainability reporting in Norway - an assessment of performance in the context of legal demands and socio-political drivers. Business Strategy

and the Environment 18(4): 207–222.

Wehmeier, S., Raaz, O. (2012) Transparency matters: The concept of organizational transparency in the academic discourse. Public Relations Inquiry 1(3): 337-366.

Williams, C.C. (2005) Trust diffusion: The effect of interpersonal trust on structure, function, and organizational transparency. Business and Society 44(3): 357–368.

Young, S., Marais, M. (2012) A Multi-level Perspective of CSR Reporting: The Implications of National Institutions and Industry Risk Characteristics. Corporate Governance: An

International Review 20(5): 432-450.

Zattoni, A., Cuomo, F. (2010) How Independent, Competent and Incentivized Should Non-executive Directors Be? An Empirical Investigation of Good Governance Codes. British

Journal of Management 21: 63–79

Overig

IIRC: http://integratedreporting.org/the-iirc-2/

ICB: http://www.icbenchmark.com/

FTSE: http://www.ftse.com/products/home

7 Appendix.