University of Groningen
Large-scale filaments and the intergalactic medium Kooistra, Robin Rinze
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Publication date: 2018
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Kooistra, R. R. (2018). Large-scale filaments and the intergalactic medium. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.
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Large-scale filaments and the
intergalactic medium
Proefschrift
ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
op gezag van de
rector magnificus Prof. dr. E. Sterken
en volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties.
De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op
maandag 10 december 2018 om 9:00 uur
door
Robin Rinze Kooistra
geboren op 07 september 1990
te Leeuwarden, Nederland
Promotores
Prof. S. Zaroubi
Prof. M. A. W. Verheijen
Copromotor
Dr. M. B. Silva
Beoordelingscommissie
Prof. Y. Hoffman
Prof. J. M. van der Hulst
Prof. N. Sugiyama
ISBN: 978-94-034-1253-5 (printed version)
ISBN: 978-94-034-1252-8 (electronic version)
Cover: Artist’s impression of a telescope observing the
large-scale structure by Karel Moens.
Contains an image of the
MeerKAT telescope (credit SARAO)
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Cosmic web . . . 1
1.1.1 Intergalactic medium . . . 4
1.1.2 Identifying large-scale structure . . . 6
1.2 Observing with hydrogen . . . 7
1.2.1 21 cm line . . . 8
1.2.2 Lyman alpha line . . . 8
1.3 Radio interferometry . . . 9
1.3.1 Apertif . . . 11
1.3.2 Square Kilometre Array . . . 12
1.4 Intensity mapping . . . 12
1.5 Contents of this thesis . . . 15
1.5.1 Outline . . . 16
2 Cosmic web filaments in Lyman Alpha emission 23 2.1 Introduction . . . 24
2.2 The thermal and ionization state of the IGM . . . 27
2.3 Modeling Lyman α emission . . . 30
2.3.1 Lyman α emission from the IGM . . . 31
2.3.2 Lyman alpha emission from Galaxies . . . 34
2.4 Lyman alpha intensity maps and power spectrum . . . 36
2.4.1 Lyman alpha intensity results . . . 36
2.5 Experiments for detecting UV Lyman Alpha emission . . . . 40
2.5.1 Experimental setup for Lyman Alpha emission Inten-sity Mapping . . . 41
vi CONTENTS
2.6.1 Line contamination . . . 45
2.6.2 Continuum contamination . . . 46
2.7 Conclusions . . . 52
3 Integrated HI 21 cm Emission From Filaments 57 3.1 Introduction . . . 58
3.2 Model: Ionization and thermal state in the IGM . . . 61
3.3 HI 21 cm Brightness temperature signal . . . 65
3.3.1 Spin temperature . . . 66
3.3.2 Test: slab model . . . 69
3.4 Cosmological simulations . . . 70
3.5 21cm emission from SDSS Filaments . . . 72
3.5.1 Filament catalogue . . . 72
3.5.2 Signal estimation . . . 74
3.5.3 Observability . . . 76
3.6 The Apertif and ASKAP HI surveys . . . 81
3.7 Contamination from galaxies . . . 84
3.8 Conclusions . . . 86
Appendix 3.A Recombination and collisional ionization rates . . 90
Appendix 3.B Cooling rates . . . 91
Appendix 3.C Lyman alpha . . . 93
4 IGM in filaments with SKA 99 4.1 Introduction . . . 100
4.2 The HI 21 cm signal from simulations . . . 103
4.2.1 The EAGLE simulation box . . . 103
4.2.2 Filament extraction . . . 105
4.2.3 Stacking filament signals . . . 109
4.2.4 Clumping of the IGM . . . 110
4.2.5 UV background uncertainty . . . 110
4.3 Observational strategy . . . 112
4.3.1 Filament catalogues from SDSS, 2MRS and 6dF . . . 113
4.3.2 Contamination by galaxies . . . 114
4.3.3 Noise estimation . . . 114
4.4 SKA signal-to-noise predictions . . . 116
4.5 Effects of interferometers . . . 120
4.5.1 Spatial filtering . . . 120
CONTENTS vii
5 Faint HI emission in filaments with Apertif 129
5.1 Introduction . . . 130
5.2 Simulation . . . 132
5.2.1 EAGLE . . . 132
5.2.2 Bisous filament finder . . . 133
5.2.3 Filament with DisPerSE . . . 133
5.2.4 Bisous vs DisPerSE . . . 134
5.3 Filaments in the Apertif Medium-Deep survey . . . 136
5.4 Tracing filaments with different galaxy surveys . . . 137
5.4.1 SDSS-based galaxy catalog from EAGLE . . . 139
5.4.2 Apertif-based galaxy catalogue from EAGLE . . . 139
5.5 Results and Discusion . . . 142
5.5.1 Properties of filament galaxies . . . 143
5.5.2 Average properties of filaments . . . 143
5.5.3 HI content of filaments . . . 145
5.6 Conclusion . . . 147
Appendix 5.A Spatial filtering of IGM Emission with Apertif . . 151
6 Summary and future prospects 155 6.1 Conclusions . . . 156 6.2 Future work . . . 158 Samenvatting 161 博 博博士士士論論論文文文概概概要要要 165 Acknowledgements 169
