Subjective thermal sensation and human body exergy
consumption rate : analysis and correlation
Citation for published version (APA):
Simone, A., Dovjak, M., Kolarik, J., Asada, H., Iwamatsu, T., Schellen, L., Shukuya, M., & Olesen, B. W. (2011). Subjective thermal sensation and human body exergy consumption rate : analysis and correlation. In
Proceedings of the 2nd International Exergy, Life Cycle Assessment, and Sustainability Workshop & Symposium( ELCAS-2), 19-21 June 2011, Nicyros Greece
Document status and date: Published: 01/01/2011
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quality is solar radiation, and as such its about time and space occupied to establish quality that should provide the real evaluations of exergy. This implies also that its not only about energy but also about food and mass derived from solar radiation which determines the exergetic performance of any function/action in the system. And it turns out that mass and materials are far more decisive for maintaining quality, or avoid system quality decrease, as is energy in its current forms.
IV.4. Exergy Analysis of Extractive Vacuum Metallurgy- Sustainability prospects
E. BALOMENOS*, D. PANIAS, I. PASPALIARIS
National Technical University of Athens, Laboratory of Metallurgy 9, Heroon Polytechneiou str., 157 73, Zographou Campus, Greece, Email: thymis@metal.ntua.gr
Based on the fundamental Le Chatellier principle, gas producing reactions can be pushed at lower temperatures if an appropriate vacuum is applied. A basic thermodynamic analysis is used to predict the effect of pressure decrease on the temperature and exergy cost of a reaction with gaseous products. The energy analysis of 11 different metal producing carbothermic reductions revealed that the pumping work substitutes relatively the same amount of heat in all 11 reactions, despite the fact that the volume of gases evolved in each case differs significantly. The exergy analysis for conducting these reactions with non-renewable resources showed that due to the high exergy cost of fossil fuel generated electricity the application of vacuum would increase the overall exergy cost of these reductions. If the heat needed for the reactions could be produced through renewable resources, such as concentrated solar radiation, then the use of vacuum would have a positive effect in the cases of high temperature reductions of Al2O3, MgO and CaO, where a significant decrease in reaction temperature is observed as more exergy is spent in pumping work.
IV.5. Subjective Thermal Sensation and Human Body Exergy Consumption Rate:
Analysis and Correlation.
A. SIMONEa, M. DOVJAKb, J. KOLARIKa, H. ASADAc, T. IWAMATSUd, L. SCHELLENe, M.
SHUKUYAf, B. W. OLESENa
a International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical
University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé Building 402, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark, Email: asi@byg.dtu.dk; jakol@byg.dtu.dk; bwo@byg.dtu.dk
b Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Chair for Buildings and
Constructional Complexes, Jamova cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Email: mdovjak@fgg.uni-lj.si
c Architech Consulting Co., 1-22-4 Taito, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-0016, Japan, Email:
h_asada@archi-tec.jp
d Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Japan, Email: iwamatsu@tmu.ac.jp
e Eindhoven University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, Den Dolech 2,
5612 AZ Eindhoven, Netherlands, Email: L.Schellen@tue.nl
f Laboratory of Building environment, Tokyo City University, 3-3-1 Ushikubo-Nishi, Tsuzuki-ku,
Yokohama 224-8551, Japan, Email: shukuya@tcu.ac.jp
The exergy approach to design and operation of climate conditioning systems is relatively well established, while its exploitation in connection to human perception of the indoor environment is relatively rare. As the building should provide healthy and comfortable environment for its occupants, it is reasonable to consider both the exergy flows in building and those within the human body. There is a need to verify the human-body exergy model with the Thermal-Sensation (TS) response of subjects exposed to different combinations of indoor climate parameters (temperature, humidity, etc.).
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First results available on the relation between human-body exergy consumption rates and subjectively assessed thermal sensation showed that the minimum human body exergy consumption rate is associated with thermal sensation votes close to thermal neutrality, tending to slightly cool side of thermal sensation.
By applying the exergy concept to the built indoor environment, additional results are going to be explored. By using the data available so far of operative temperature (to), the human body exergy consumption rates increase as to increases above 24°C or decreases below 22°C at relative humidity (RH) lower than 50%. While, at 85% of RH, the human-body exergy consumption rates decrease when to is increasing above 24 °C.
IV.6. Exergy Analysis: The Effect of Relative Humidity, Air Temperature and
Effective Clothing Insulation on Thermal Comfort
M. DOVJAKa, A. SIMONEb, J. KOLARIKb, H. ASADAc, T. IWAMATSUd, L. SCHELLENe, M.
SHUKUYAf, B. W. OLESENb, A. KRAINERa
a Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Chair for Buildings and
Constructional Complexes, Jamova cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Email: mdovjak@fgg.uni-lj.si
b International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical
University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé Building 402, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark, Email: asi@byg.dtu.dk; jakol@byg.dtu.dk; bwo@byg.dtu.dk
cArchitech Consulting Co., 1-22-4 Taito, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-0016, Japan,
Email: h_asada@archi-tec.jp
dCentral Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Japan, Email: iwamatsu@tmu.ac.jp
e Eindhoven University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, Den Dolech 2,
5612 AZ Eindhoven, Netherlands, Email: L.Schellen@tue.nl
fLaboratory of Building environment, Tokyo City University, 3-3-1 Ushikubo-Nishi, Tsuzuki-ku,
Yokohama 224-8551, Japan, Email: shukuya@tcu.ac.jp
Exergy analysis enables us to make connections among processes inside the human body and processes in a building. So far, only the effect of different combinations of air temperatures and mean radiant temperatures have been studied, with constant relative humidity in experimental conditions. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of different levels of relative humidity (RH), air temperature (Ta) and effective clothing insulation on thermal comfort conditions from the exergetic point of view. The analyses take into consideration the available data from the study by Toftum et al. (1998). The effect of different levels of RH, Ta and effective clothing insulation on human body exergy balance chain, changes in human body exergy consumption rate (hbExCr) and predicted mean vote (PMV) index were analyzed. The results show that thermal comfort conditions do not always result in lower hbExCr as it was proven in previous studies.Variations in effective clothing insulation, Ta and RH affect individual parts of human body exergy balance chain with an important effect on hbExCr. At hot and dry conditions the hbExCr is the largest while at hot and humid conditions it is the minimal. Hot and dry and cold and dry conditions have similar hbExCr. The difference appears if the whole human body exergy balance chain is taken into consideration. To maintain comfortable conditions it is important that exergy consumption and stored exergy are at optimal values with a rational combination of exergy input and output.
