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A BIM approach to improve the success of an
AEC project
Ing. Stijn Venema
University of Groningen
Faculty of Economics and Business
Master Thesis – Technology Management
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Abstract
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Index
1 Introduction ...4
1.1 The company Royal Haskoning ...4
1.2 Software BIM ...5
1.3 Problem description ...7
2 Theory ...8
2.1 Benefits of BIM...8
2.2 BIM benefit on communication ... 11
2.3 BIM benefit on collaboration ... 11
2.4 BIM benefit on coordination ... 12
3 Research design ... 14
4 Methodology ... 16
4.1 Case selection ... 16
4.2 Data collection ... 17
5 Results ... 19
5.1 Results of the interviews on the interaction types ... 19
5.2 Results of the interviews on the success factors ... 22
6 Conclusion, Discussion and Research limitations ... 24
6.1 Conclusion ... 24
6.2 Discussion ... 25
6.3 Research limitations ... 25
Bibliography ... 27
Appendix 1: Royal Haskoning ... 29
Appendix 2: First Interview ... 30
Appendix 3: Questions Casco E-installaties ... 32
Appendix 4: Questions Afbouw W-installaties ... 35
Appendix 5: Questions Casco W-installaties ... 38
Appendix 6: Second Interview ... 40
Appendix 7: Results Casco E-installaties ... 42
Appendix 8: Results Afbouw W-installaties ... 43
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1 Introduction
In this thesis the benefits of using a software package which integrates multiple aspects of the process at a specific engineering and consulting firm namely Royal Haskoning (RH) is investigated. The writer finds this an interesting topic to investigate, because customers of engineering and consulting firms begin to demand that they use this software package, which benefits does this entail for RH other than conforming to the wish of the customer. To
investigate these benefits the thesis will investigate the impact that software package has on a number of interaction types (communication, collaboration and coordination) within RH and with other parties that are involved in their processes. The impact of this software package will then be compared to the success factors (quality, speed and cost) of a project.
To investigate this the following two sections will provide background information on the company Royal Haskoning (RH) and on the software package. In the final section of this chapter the general problem will be described and a reading guide will be given.
1.1 The company Royal Haskoning
Royal Haskoning (RH) is a large consulting firm with over 3,900 employees which are located in offices all over the world. The primary markets of RH are the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (see Figure 5: Primary markets RH). The vision of RH is to constantly increase their added value to the clients and to belong to the top performers in their markets. To ensure that RH belongs to the top in their markets they need to constantly innovate their processes and products. Innovation is also one of the key focuses of RH1.
RH provides consulting information in a number of areas. These areas are grouped together in a number of divisions (see Figure 4: Divisions of RH). This thesis focuses on the division building services and structures. The clients of this division hire them to design the technical installations in a building and to manage the construction process. When looking at the stages of constructing a building, which is represented in figure 1, RH operates in the first three stages1.
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5 Figure 1: Stages of construction (Coates, Arayici, Koskela, & LJ Usher, 2010)
In these stages many actors are active such as: external architects, internal architects, financial controllers, electrical engineers (participating on behalf of RH), mechanical engineers
(participating on behalf of RH), interior designers, constructors (participating on behalf of RH) and many more. RH needs to interact with all these parties to ensure that the project is successful. Currently this is done by having regular physical meetings during the entire project and communicating by using documents and drawings. These drawings are made using CAD (Computer Aided Design) software and are constructed by an employee of RH and are usually in 2D. In this thesis this process of creating the drawings will be called the traditional process.
1.2 Software BIM
The software that will be discussed in this thesis is called Building Information Model (BIM). BIM is a new approach of ―Virtual Building Construction‖ based on parametric CAD
technology (Woo, 2007). CAD primarily uses vector data to make 2D or 3D representations of a building or structure (Grilo & Jardim-Goncalves, 2010). BIM is a building design and documentation methodology that significantly improves building design practice and makes the construction process easier and faster for everyone involved (Woo, 2007). BIM fully supports the production of construction documents so that another designing application need not be used (Salman Azhar, 2008). Currently multiple design tools are needed to produce the construction documents. The objects that are entered in a BIM are smart, which means that they maintain associativity, connectivity and relationships with other objects (Salman Azhar, 2008). Currently all objects in a drawing are single entities, which means that if a wall is moved and on that wall a fixture is mounted that fixture will not move with the wall. In a BIM the fixture will move with the wall. The objects that are used in a BIM are added to a library. These objects may be entered from third party libraries or the user can create completely new objects. This information may be graphical and non-graphical building information which is stored in a relational database (BIM). The relational databases store, access, and retrieve all of the information about building components (Woo, 2007). This means that 3D CAD models that are not expressed as objects that exhibit form, function and behavior cannot be considered to comply with BIM (Rafael, Bhargav, Lauri, & Robert, 2009). The added information in a
6 BIM according to Salman Azhar (2008) creates smart objects, which maintain associativity, connectivity, and relationships with other objects. The main purpose of these objects is to allow for the simulation of much more than the visual aspects of a building project (Kymmel, 2008). The BIM supports distributed work processes with multiple team members working on the same project. The team members may work in the same room or in another country. In the current process they need to send a drawing with the alterations to all parties that are
involved, this consumes a lot of time for sending the document, approving or disapproving the changes and the subsequent rework. The BIM model is a centralized database (Bell, 2004). A BIM makes it possible for more persons to work on the same project. This will make it easier for a company to accept large projects where a multi-disciplinary capability is desired. Currently BIM‘s are used for architecture, structural engineering, civil engineering and Mechanical Electrical and Plumbing engineering (MEP)2. A BIM supports the preliminary conceptual design of the building to the demolishing and re-cycle of the building (Evans & Counsell, 2009).
A manufacturer of this software is Autodesk2. Within their product line they call it Autodesk REVIT. REVIT can be used by all the parties that are involved in the process of designing a building. This thesis focuses on the design of the technical installation of a building,
specifically the electrical and the mechanical installations. For the designing of the technical installations of a building Autodesk developed a shell for REVIT called MEP2. RH is currently considering using Autodesk REVIT MEP to run their BIM. With the MEP shell technical calculations can be made very fast, so that the engineers can quickly see if a
proposed idea will work and if it will yield a financial or a technical benefit. In the traditional process this can take months to get all the information needed to see if there are financial or technical benefits. The software environment where the team members are working in is a 3D visualization of the building. In the traditional process also 3D drawings are used, but they are primarily constructed in a 2D environment. More benefits will be described in chapter 2. When the technology changes, so do the practices and functions of the people using the technology. This change primarily lies in the fact of improved communication (Grilo & Jardim-Goncalves, 2010). Currently most AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) companies like RH communicate by means of 2D representation of 3D objects. With BIM the companies are able to communicate by means of sending a 3D model. This 3D model consists
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7 of a representation of the structure or building and contains all information about the different objects in the model.
1.3 Problem description
As mentioned before RH wants to belong to the top in their markets. To make this happen they need to have a good fit with their client‘s wishes/demands and want to be innovative to use or create new technologies. A new technology that is now appearing in the market is the Building Information Model (BIM). This model let‘s all parties that are involved in the creation, and finally the demolishing of a building to use the same drawing. Many companies in the Netherlands, but also many companies in other parts of the world are using or are planning on using BIM. During the discussions with marketing people from RH they stated that their clients are demanding that if RH wants to have their project they need to use the BIM approach. So for RH it already seams a logical step to use the BIM approach based on the fact that their clients demand it and that it is a new and innovative technology. This demand is made to all actors that are involved in the building process. However RH does not know what the actual benefits of using a BIM approach are. They need this information to make a good bid to get a project, because there is a lot of competition and one of the selection criteria is the price of the bid. So in this thesis the effects of a BIM approach on the success of a project will be investigated. Success of an AEC project is measured on four indicators namely: cost, time, quality, and safety (Adrian, 1995). The first three indicators will be elaborated on in the following chapter. The fourth, safety, is outside the scope, because RH focuses on planning and not on the actual construction of the building. During planning a number of safety features need to be addressed, but these numbers are minimal compared with the number of safety risk during construction. The indicators stated by Adrian should be improved by implementing a BIM approach (Rafael, Bhargav, Lauri, & Robert, 2009). They state that implementing a BIM approach should lead to better quality buildings at lower cost and reduced project duration.
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2 Theory
As stated in the problem description, RH wants to know what the benefits for RH will be when they implement a BIM approach. Therefore this chapter starts with exploring the benefits of a BIM approach as known in the literature. In the second section the impact BIM has on communication is discussed. The third section discusses the impact BIM has on collaboration and in the final section the impact of a BIM approach on coordination is explored.
2.1 Benefits of BIM
A BIM approach primarily improves communication between the different actors in the process of creating a new building or structure. In this section the underlying aspects of that improved communication are explained. The following benefits according to Manning and Messner (2008) are realized with a BIM approach:
1. Rapid visualization;
2. Increasing information available to support decisions upstream in the project development process;
3. Rapid and accurate updating of changes common through the conceptual development;
4. Reduction of man-hours required to establish reliable space programs; 5. Increased communication across the total project development team;
6. Increased confidence in completeness of scope developed in programming to be carried forward.
Numbers 4 and 6 will not be investigated, because RH is not a company which makes space programs (dedicating space to a particular function) for a building. Number 5 will be
investigated in the next section. The remaining benefits (1, 2 and 3) will be further explained and the reason why a BIM generates these benefits is given.
2.1.1 Rapid visualization
9 A BIM approach makes it possible to make instant 3D visualization of spaces and alternatives that could quickly be evaluated by technical and non-technical staff. In this way the BIM approach can reduce the time needed in the traditional process to evaluate alternatives (Manning & Messner, 2008) (Salman Azhar, 2008). In the traditional process a 3D visualization can take days to complete and this cycle needs to be repeated every time a change occurs. In Figure2: visualization example (Manning & Messner, 2008) an example of BIM visualization is given. On the left the 3D model of the room is given and on the right the actual constructed room is displayed. There is little difference between the two images.
Figure2: visualization example (Manning & Messner, 2008)
2.1.2 Increasing information available to support decisions upstream in the project development process
In the traditional process information that is needed in one stage and is not needed in the following stage is usually discarded. This is done because the total information package of each stage is just too large. With a BIM approach information used to make certain choices can be stored in the model. In every stage of the project process information can be added to the model.
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2.1.3 Rapid and accurate updating of changes common through the conceptual development
In the traditional process updating the drawing when new inputs are available takes much time. All the parties that are involved in the development of the drawings need to approve the changes and take appropriate action to facilitate the change. Within the BIM approach it is much easier to update the model to the inputs.
With the traditional approach the amount of time required to update and verify cross-references for every concept update issued would have been days. With the BIM approach these updates were practically instantaneous and the BIM modeler spent less than 30 minutes just verifying that changes did not adversely affect drawing sheet layouts, before reissuing the updated concept drawings for review (Manning & Messner, 2008). After these update´s the BIM model can then start detecting clashes. This can already be done in the concept stage. In the traditional process this is usually done in the production stage. This according to Condit (2006) reduces costs by acknowledging design conflicts early enough to eliminate rework. A BIM solution allow architects to devote more time to design rather than drafting resulting in more precise and accurate construction documentation (Woo, 2007). After these updates the model can then be analyzed to see if the new model conforms to the following standards:
Code reviews: fire departments (Salman Azhar, 2008) and other officials may use these models to review the building Forensic analysis: detect and graphically illustrate potential failures, leaks, evacuation plans, etc. (Becerik-Gerber, 2010)
Cost estimating: BIM software has built-in cost estimating features. Material
quantities are automatically extracted and changed when any changes are made in the model (Salman Azhar, 2008). These costs are extracted by linking the quantitative information in its model to a cost database that produces a cost estimate. Thus, the cost estimate is directly related to the content of the 3D model and will reflect changes made to the project in the model (Grilo & Jardim-Goncalves, 2010). During the initial phase, the cost can be assessed on a conceptual level, and at a more detailed model level, the cost estimate can also become more detailed (Grilo & Jardim-Goncalves, 2010).
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2.2 BIM benefit on communication
As early as in 1990s, 3D BIM tools immediately showed great potential in their ability to communicate views of designers through visualization in the development of the project details. 3D models facilitate the study of alternative approaches to design solutions through the improved ability to visualize the design proposals in the early project and make the assessment of the spaces and aesthetic finishes of the building and structure. Owners and design team members can more easily and accurately embrace the details and adjustments that should be made until the design meets the desired goals (Grilo & Jardim-Goncalves, 2010). Leading-edge AEC companies have been at the forefront of this type of interaction type, such as builders' merchants and material and equipment suppliers, which make available 3D CAD components to be embedded into 3D CAD applications. The BIM approach is using the possibility of integrating 3D object components of suppliers, but greater benefit arises with the potential in their ability to communicate design intent by providing 3D views of the model, which through improved visualization also help the designer in the development of the project details. The 3D models facilitate the study of alternative approaches to design
solutions where ―what if‖ scenarios can easily be modeled and compared. The intent of the designers is more easily and accurately communicated to the other project team members. The value level that AEC companies obtain through this type of interaction is essentially a higher efficiency of the project (Grilo & Jardim-Goncalves, 2010). An AEC team consist of many actors, both internal and external to the organization these actors need to collaborate and coordinate, because they are going to be involved in the planning, programming, review, funding and contracting of the project (Manning & Messner, 2008), so communication plays an important role in AEC project and thus for RH . When comparing these statements and the success factors of a project as defined in section 1.3 (cost, time, and quality) one can conclude that communication between actors is a very important point to take into account. The
important variables that communication supports are collaboration and coordination between the different actors of the AEC process. So in the next two sections the collaboration factor and the coordination factor will be further explored.
2.3 BIM benefit on collaboration
12 project. As stated before BIM software allows multiple actors to work simultaneously on one project. According to Grilo and Jardim-Concalves (2010) if BIM is immersed in true
collaborative environments, then value innovation levels can be expected. Early collaboration has large benefits for the planning and construction of a building project, and the development of a 3D BIM is one of the best means of ensuring early and in-depth collaboration of the various and heterogeneous project team members on most relevant planning, design, and construction issues. The necessity to coordinate and cooperate to employ simulation
techniques in the construction industry is without doubt an important benefit, and it is certain that greater benefits emerge as participants in the project collaborate. The teamwork that is produced by the use of the BIM is centered on a 3D view of the model, and may quickly generate a feeling of mutual understanding, conversation, and communication that is further encouraged, and mutual understanding and respect becomes possible (Grilo & Jardim-Goncalves, 2010). When comparing this to the success factors of a project as defined in section 1.3 (cost, time, and quality) one can conclude that collaboration between the actors is a very important point to take into account.
2.4 BIM benefit on coordination
13 solutions to the conflicts during the coordination process (Grilo & Jardim-Goncalves, 2010). Mintzberg (1983) states that coordination of this project team needs to be done by mutual adjustment among the team members. The BIM approach can facilitate collaboration techniques and a commitment protocol among the team members. The use of a virtual 3D BIM makes it possible to visualize constructability and construction sequences and thus becomes the source for an overall visual construction schedule (Grilo & Jardim-Goncalves, 2010). The value level obtained through this type of interaction is essentially efficiency. When comparing the above to the success factors of a project as defined in section 1.3 (cost, time, and quality) one can conclude that coordination between the actors is a very important point to take into account.
As stated in this chapter the BIM software has a lot of features that can improve the traditional process of making a drawing. These benefits are mostly technical, but there are also benefits in the interaction among the actors within the process. As described in literature
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3 Research design
The conceptual model of this thesis is given in the figure below and is explained below the figure. Using the BIM approach Interaction Types Succes of a project
Figure 3: Conceptual model
The conceptual model starts with the introduction of the BIM approach. As mentioned in the theory part this approach will lead to improved interaction (communication, collaboration and coordination) among actors within the process. The interaction among the actors will improve the overall success factors of the company. The factors that lead to a successful project are defines as better quality, lower cost and higher speed of the projects.
Based upon this model and theory the following research question has been formulated.
How will a BIM approach influence the success factors of a project?
The answer to this question will describe the influences of a BIM approach on the following three points when comparing it to the traditional process:
The speed of the project
The cost of the project
The quality of the project
To give an answer to the research question four sub questions have been derived. The first sub question will investigate the effect of a BIM approach on the Interaction type communication:
What is the effect of the BIM approach on communication?
The second sub question will investigate the effect of a BIM approach on the Interaction type collaboration:
What is the effect of the BIM approach on collaboration?
The third sub question will investigate the effect of a BIM approach on the Interaction type coordination:
What is the effect of the BIM approach on coordination? + h +
15 The final sub question will investigate the effect of the interaction types on the success of a project:
What is the effect of the interaction types on the success of a project? Preconditions:
For this research only projects which have completed the first two stages and are handed over to the contractor (half of stage 3 see Figure 1) will be investigated. Because here the problems in the documents provided by RH becomes visible. These problems become visible because the contractor does not know how to interpret the design principles and will ask RH to clarify the principle.
The cases that will be compared need to have a different outline.
The cases are actual projects of the company RH.
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4 Methodology
Research that is conducted in this thesis has a explorative nature in the sense that it tries to identify if a BIM approach has an effect on the interactions types within RH and with other parties and if these effects on the interaction types lead to an effect on the success factors of a project for RH. The research is done to understand if, how and why the relations given in the previous chapter are also applicable to RH. Yin (1993) states that to answer the how and the why question and the researcher has no control over events, and when the focus is on a contemporary phenomenon a case study is the preferred strategy. The main research question of this thesis focuses on ―How will a BIM approach influence the success factors of a
project?‖, so the first criterion of Yin is met. There is no control over the events because there are no resources available to actual implement a BIM approach, so the second criteria of Yin is met. Yin finally states that it needs to be a contemporary phenomenon, as stated before The AEC industry is currently investigating the use of a BIM approach. Therefore a case study approach is chosen.
4.1 Case selection
First the number of cases that will be investigated need to be determent. According to Yin (1989) the number of cases that need to be investigated depends on the reason for an investigation. There are two reasons for an investigation according to Yin (1989) either to predict similar results or contrary results but with predictable reasons. In this case the first is applicable, because in this thesis the theory will be tested to see if it can predict the result (improved success of a project) of implementing a BIM approach. Yin (1989) states that then an investigation of two to three cases should then be sufficient to test these claims. In this thesis three cases will be investigated. Each case addresses a specific area of the technical installation of a building and the influence of introducing BIM has on these areas might be different. The cases that will be selected should not be constructed by the same employee of RH. These criteria need to be met because in this way the impact of BIM can be investigated on different technical installation and not every employee of RH might have the same
appreciation of BIM. This is also stated by Yin (1993). In one of his case studies he describes that not everybody has the same information and that each project has different
17 visible in the form of questions from the contractor. The following three cases given in de table below were selected on the basis of the above mentioned criteria:
Table 1: Cases
In the table above the third column gives the total number of square meters that the case is designed in this case. Column four gives the stage that the case is currently in as stated before this needs to at least be in stage three and over de half of the stage.
All the cases are about the Erasmus medical Centre in Rotterdam. This was the biggest project RH Groningen worked on in recent years. For each case a brief description will now be given:
Case 1 contained the design of the central electrical installations. These installations consist of distributing electrical power to the distribution panels of the departments (Erasmus consists of 168 departments), designing the central data infrastructure, designing the electrical installation in the central areas (Hallways, entrances logistic centers), etc.
Case 2 contained the design of the mechanical installation for each department. This consists of designing the distribution net for medical and technical gasses, ventilation, plumbing, cooling etc.
Case 3 contained the design of the central mechanical installations. These installations consist of distributing ventilation air, gasses, water to the departments, designing the mechanical installation in the central areas, etc.
The three cases that were selected are in line with the criteria. Now that the cases have been selected the type of data collection will be described.
4.2 Data collection
The data collection will be done by holding interviews with an open-ended nature (Yin 1989). This will be done because for this interview the opinion of the interviewee is important as is stated by Yin (1989). The data collection will be done by looking back at the questions that arose by the contractor about the design principles of the cases mentioned in table 1. The No. Case name
Surface
(m2) Stage Type of installation Constructor
18 contractor is the next stage of building process (See figure 1). The questions the contractor has for RH during this stage need to be mentioned in the `nota van inlichtingen` according to the ` Aanbestedingsreglement Werken 2005 `.
The `nota van inlichtingen` contains a lot of questions on average about 55 per case. To reduce the number of questions, but not to reduce the uncertainty (90%) of the claims made in this thesis, every third question will be asked. The questions in the ―nota van inlichtingen‖ do not have a specific order, so another sampling method should provide the same results. For each question the following questions will be asked to obtain the necessary data:
Could you give some background information about the question and can you explain why the question was asked by the contractor?
How would this question be influenced with the BIM approach?
How would this approach influence the Communication?
How would this approach influence the Collaboration?
How would this approach influence the Coordination?
How would this influence the quality of a project?
How would this influence the cost of a project?
How would this influence the speed of a project?
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5 Results
In the first section of this chapter the results of the interviews regarding the interaction types will be given, this will also provide an answer to the first three research questions. In the second section of this chapter the results of the interviews regarding the success factors will be given, this will also provide an answer last research question.
5.1 Results of the interviews on the interaction types
This section will describe the results of the first and second interview concerning the
influence a BIM approach has on the interaction types. In the table 2 below a summary of the results of the interviews are given, in appendix 7, 8 and 9 the raw data is stated. In this table the second column states the number of questions that were asked out of the ―nota van inlichtingen‖. In the next 3 columns the number of questions that have a positive relation on the interaction types as result of the BIM approach are given. The number in the final column gives the number of questions that could not be solved by using a BIM approach.
Table 2: Interview results
As becomes apparent from the table above not all questions from the ―nota van inlichtingen‖ could be solved by using a BIM approach (see final column). All the questions that could be solved by using a BIM approach always have an influence on the interaction type
communication. It also became apparent that if a question could be solved by using BIM approach sometimes another interaction type was also positively influenced. Some questions had a positive effect on all interaction types.
During the analysis of the answers given to the questions in the first interview three generic solutions were discovered. These generic solutions are given below and the interaction type that they positively influence is mentioned.
1. Based on the interviews the improved communication is the primary benefit of using a BIM approach. During the interviews this became apparent because some questions found their bases in the fact that information was send to the construction company in
20 two different documents and the information was not always consistent. During the process of creating these document different employees of RH in different offices worked on the documents. With a BIM approach the information is stored in one BIM and inconsistencies in the data can thereby never occur. When RH had used a BIM approach when working with different employees in different offices they could also better coordinate the efforts, because than they would login to the BIM model and all the relevant data would be visible and the work that needs to be done would also become apparent. This last benefit has a positive influence on the interaction type coordination. Also by working with a single BIM the interaction type collaboration would be positively influenced, because now every employee of RH could work on the same project and have the same information.
“Because you now communicate with the contractor through the BIM model these mistakes can’t happen” (quote from E. Spijker translated from Dutch to English)
2. The second solution provided by a BIM approach based on the interviews is that RH can than communicate more detailed information about the design to the contractor. Because when RH starts to use a BIM approach they need to make more detailed design drawings. This would have a positive effect on the interaction type
communication.
“BIM will need more information before it can be drawn, so the level of detail will be higher”(quote from H.Buter translated from Dutch to English)
3. The final solution that is provided by a BIM approach based on the interviews is that with a BIM approach calculations can be made on the content of the BIM model. These calculations can than ensure that the design guidelines are met. This would have a positive effect on the interaction type communication and coordination.
21 These generic solutions were tested in the second interview. During this second interview the interviewees found that these solutions summarized their input from the first interview. The table below gives the number of question that could be solved by one of the above mentioned solutions and the percentage of the questions that could be solved by one of the solutions is stated.
Based on the table above 43% of the questions from the ―nota van inlichtingen‖ could be solved by communicating more detailed information about the design to the constructor. Using a single model to contain all the information would solve 26% of the questions. 19% of the questions could not be solved by using a BIM approach. 12% of the questions would be solved by the calculation abilities of a BIM.
During the interview it became clear that currently RH does not make very detailed drawings.
“RH makes drawings and sketches that need to be upgraded by the contractor to construction drawings” (quote from E. Spijker translated from Dutch to English)
To make use of all the solution‘s given above RH needs to put more detailed information in the BIM. This will mean for RH that they now need to do the final engineering. In the traditional process this is done by the contractor. RH needs to reposition themselves in the market to obtain the full benefits of the BIM approach, because RH will than do the work that was previously done by the contractor. RH will therefore need to expand their current effort to take up the drawing and design work needed in stage three of figure 1.
To conclude this section an answer to the first three research questions which relate to the influence a BIM approach has on the interaction types will be given. All the interaction types are positively influenced when a BIM approach is introduced at RH. The primary interaction type that is being influenced is communication which is the basis for improving the other two Case name Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3 No solution Total
Erasmus Casco E-installatie 4 6 2 5 17 Erasmus Afbouw W-installatie 3 8 1 2 14 Erasmus Casco W-installatie 4 4 2 1 11 Total 11 18 5 8 42 Percentage 26% 43% 12% 19% 100%
22 interaction types. To obtain the benefits from a BIM approach RH needs to reposition
themselves in the market. In the next section the effects of the interaction types on the success factors of a project will be investigated.
5.2 Results of the interviews on the success factors
This section will answer the research questions concerning the effects of the interaction types on the success factors of a project. For each success factor (cost, speed, quality) a link will be made with one of the solutions given in the previous section based on the first interviews. The results of this interview are given in table 4.
Based on these results given in table 4 there is a positive influence on Speed and Quality, but that cost had neither a positive nor a negative effect. It did not become clear which success factor Speed or Quality would have the largest impact on the success of a project. So during the second interview the interviewees were asked which success factor would be more positively influenced with a BIM approach. The results of this second interview are given in table 5.
Based on these results the success factor Quality is the more positively influenced with a BIM approach. During the interviews they stated that due to a BIM approach the designers have a better idea of the layout of the building and can therefore make a better quality design to fit the building this is also stated by Salman and Azhar (2008).
“Currently they need to visualize a 3D buildings made up out of 2D drawings. The designer needs time to get the design right and mistakes happen in translating these drawings” (quote from M. Krul translated from Dutch to English)
Success factor Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3
Cost 0 0 0
Speed + + +
Quality + + +
Table 4: Results success factors (first interview)
Success factor Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3
Cost 0 0 0
Speed + + +
Quality ++ ++ ++
23 The success factors and their relation with the solutions will be further explained per success factor in the subsections below.
5.2.1 Success factor Cost
The success factor cost according to the interviewees is not influenced by the introduction of a BIM approach. The only influence that they saw was an indirect one. They stated that if the speed of a project increases (without using overtime) fewer employees were necessary to complete the project which will result in lower cost of the project.
5.2.2 Success factor Speed
The success factor speed is increased with every solution. The interviewees stated that when you communicate more information to the contractor there is less discussion about how the design is intended. Also the information within a BIM is available to everyone so they can have directly access to the latest data and not have to look and ask for it. Also coordinating the effort of RH when they are working from different offices is much easier, because they use the same model and can talk to each other about what needs to be done.
5.2.3 Success factor Quality
The success factor quality is increased with every solution. The interviewees stated that when you communicate more information by using BIM to the design team prior to handing it over to the contractor design inconsistencies can be avoided and the work can be better
coordinated. Also by running the calculation on the actual model that will be handed over to the constructor will eliminate possible design flaws.
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6 Conclusion, Discussion and Research limitations
In the first section of this chapter an answer will be given to the main research question. In the second section a number of discussion topics will be stated. In the final section of this thesis the research limitations will be described.
6.1 Conclusion
The answer to the main research question will be given in three steps. First the effects of the BIM approach on the interaction types will be given. In the second step the effects of the interaction types on the success factors of a project will be given. In the final step the answer to the main research question will be stated.
The effects of introducing a BIM approach at RH will positively influence all the interaction types. The primary interaction type that is being influenced is communication which is the basis for improving the other two interaction types (Communication and Coordination). To obtain these benefits from a BIM approach RH needs to reposition themselves in the market. This repositioning will entail that they will do work that was previously done by the
contractor.
In the second step the effects of the improved interaction types on the success factors of a project were investigated. The interviewees stated that using a BIM approach the largest positive effect will be on the success factor quality followed by the success factor speed. They did not see a direct positive or negative relation on the success factor Cost. They did state that there probably is an indirect link between success factor speed and the cost of a project. They thought when the speed of a project is increased less employees are needed to do the project. Concluding and answering the main research question when RH starts to use the BIM
approach the interaction types (Communication, Collaboration and Coordination) will be positively influenced and as a result the success factor Quality and Speed of a project will be also be positively influenced. In the figure below the final model is given.
Figure 4: Final model
25
6.2 Discussion
Would the number of partners involved in the design of a building be of influence on the success of a project? The assumption by this question is that with a high number of partners (high level of collaboration) the benefits of a BIM approach would be larger, because than there is a lot more information available and that needs to be coordinated which can be done by using a BIM approach.
Should RH need more engineering capabilities to make better drawings and to take a part of the tasks of the contractor? Currently RH only makes design sketches that need to be
upgraded by the contractor. The knowledge that the contractor has to make these drawing now needs to be in the hands of RH.
Are there relations between the success factors? In this thesis only the direct relation between the interaction types and the success factors were investigated, but there are probably relations between the success factors. As stated in this thesis there is an indirect relation found between the success factor speed and the cost of a project.
Would the suggested relation between the success factor speed and cost yield additional benefits? As stated in thesis the interviewees identified a relation between the success factor speed and the cost of a project at RH. This relation was not further investigated, but could also lead to additional benefits when RH would implement a BIM approach.
6.3 Research limitations
Different questions from the ―nota van inlichtingen‖ might result in a different outcome, but the questions that were asked to three different interviewees had a high level of uniformity in the answers.
The number of interviewees was a bit small, larger investigation might result in a different outcome.
27
Bibliography
Adrian, J. (1995). Construction Productivity: Measurement and Improvement. Champaign, Illinois: Stipes Publishing.
Becerik-Gerber, B. R. (2010). The perceived value of building information. ITcon Vol. 15, 185-201.
Bell, C. (2004). The Building Information Model. Marymount University, 1-19.
Coates, S., Arayici, Y., Koskela, & LJ Usher, C. (2010). The Changing Perception in the Artefacts used in the Design Practice through BIM Adoption. International Council for Building (pp. 1-12). Salford Quays - United Kingdom: University of Salford.
Evans, N., & Counsell, J. (2009, 07 15-17). Web-Mediated Student Peer Group Assessment of Building Information Modeling Performance. Visualization, 2009. VIZ '09. Second International Conference in , pp. 85-89.
Grilo, A., & Jardim-Goncalves, R. (2010). Value proposition on interoperability of BIM and collaborative working environments. Automation in Construction, 522-530.
Khanzode, Fischer, M., & Reed, D. (2008). Benefits and lessons learned of implementing building virtual design and construction (VDC) technologies for coordination of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems on a large healthcare project. ITcon 13, 324-342. Kymmel, W. (2008). Building Information Modeling — Planning and Managing
Construction. United States of America: McGraw-Hill.
Linderoth, H. C. (2010). Understanding adoption and use of BIM as the creation of actor networks. Automation in Construction, 66-72.
Manning, R., & Messner, J. I. (2008). Case Studies in BIM implementation for programming of healthcare facilities. ITcon Vol. 13, 446-457.
National Building Information Modeling Standard. (2007). Transforming the Building Supply Chain Through Open and Interoperable Information Exchanges, version 1.0 — Part 1 — Overview, Principles and Methodologies. NBIS.
Rafael, S., Bhargav, A. D., Lauri, K., & Robert, O. (2009). Analysis framework for the
28 Salman Azhar, M. H. (2008). Building Information Modeling (BIM):Benefits, Risks and Challenges. Associated Schools of Construction. Auburn, Alabama.
Woo, J. H. (2007). Associated Schools of Construction International Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference. BIM (Building Information Modeling) and Pedagogical Challenges (pp. 467-476). Macomb, IL: Western Illinois University.
29
Appendix 1: Royal Haskoning
Figure 4: Divisions of RH
30
Appendix 2: First Interview
Om datgene wat in de interviews gezegd wordt correct te kunnen uitwerken zou ik het interview graag willen opnemen en bewaren tot mijn scriptie is afgerond. Kunt u hiermee akkoord gaan?
Op dit moment ben ik bezig met het afronden van mijn opleiding technologie management. Als onderwerp voor deze scriptie heb ik gekozen voor BIM. Dit vind ik erg interessant. Omdat de markt er nu om vraagt wordt het model binnen RH gebruikt maar de vraag is of er ook andere voordelen voor RH te behalen zijn door dit model te gebruiken. Op deze vraag wil ik middels mijn scriptie antwoord gaan geven. Met BIM wordt in mijn scriptie bedoeld het gebruik van een model waarin diverse partijen tegelijkertijd kunnen werken en op de data in het BIM model kunnen diverse berekeningen worden uitgevoerd. Voorbeelden hiervan zijn het maken van snelle 3D visualisaties van specifieke delen of van het gehele gebouw, het beschikbaar maken van informatie om hier beslissingen in te kunnen nemen, snelle en accurate veranderingen maken aan het model en meer kunnen communiceren met het gehele projectteam.
Uit dit interview moet naar voren komen of er voordelen zijn voor RH wanneer specifiek gekeken wordt naar onderlinge interactietypen. De interactietypen die worden onderzocht zijn Communicatie, Samenwerking en Coördinatie. Met communicatie wordt bedoeld het kunnen communiceren van problemen en ideeën door gebruik te maken van BIM met interne en externe partijen. Met samenwerking wordt bedoeld het tegelijkertijd kunnen werken aan een BIM model met interne en externe partijen. Met coördinatie wordt bedoeld het kunnen
coördineren van activiteiten met interne en externe partijen binnen een project door gebruik te maken van het BIM model.
Om te bepalen of er voordelen zijn te behalen voor RH wordt er gekeken of dit een positieve invloed heeft op de succesfactoren van een project. De succesfactoren zijn gedefinieerd als kwaliteit, snelheid en kosten van een project. Het gaat er dus om of de kwaliteit en/of snelheid van een project omhoog gaan en/of dat de kosten voor RH dalen.
31 verduidelijkingen en/of aanvullingen en/of wijzigingen worden vermeld ten opzichte van de door RH geleverde stukken aan de uitvoerende partij. De uitvoerende partij kan hiermee vragen stellen aan RH over de geleverde stukken en RH kan dan reageren op deze vragen of zelf aspecten toevoegen. Bij ieder item uit deze nota van inlichtingen zal worden gevraagd of dit invloed heeft op één of meerdere interactietypen en of dit een positieve invloed heeft op de succesfactoren.
De onderstaande vragen zullen worden gesteld voor iedere vraag uit de nota van inlichtingen:
Zou je me wat achtergrondinformatie kunnen geven over deze vraag uit de nota van inlichtingen? Hoe is deze vraag tot stand gekomen?
Hoe zal deze vraag worden beïnvloed als het project was uitgevoerd met de BIM aanpak?
Hoe zal deze aanpak de communicatie beïnvloeden?
Hoe zal deze aanpak de samenwerking beïnvloeden?
Hoe zal deze aanpak de coördinatie beïnvloeden?
Hoe zal dit dan de kwaliteit van een project beïnvloeden?
Hoe zal dit dan de kosten van een project beïnvloeden?
32
Appendix 3: Questions Casco E-installaties
Q1.1 Artikel 70.11.10-i, blz. 5: In de kanalisatie dient voldoende reserve ruimte
aangehouden te worden. Op de tekeningen zijn de diverse afmetingen aangegeven. Zijn de aangegeven ladders zoals op tekening aangegeven van voldoende afmetingen om aan de gevraagde reserve ruimte te voldoen? Indien van niet uit welke afmetingen dient de diverse kanalisatie te voldoen?
Antwoord: Genoemde afmetingen kunnen aangehouden worden voor de prijsvorming. Tijdens uitvoer dienen de exacte afmetingen bepaald te worden.
Q1.2 Artikel 70.11.10-p, blz. 9: Worden met deze verdeelkasten de kasten in de kernen (bv. K01-LK1+1 op de eerste verdieping in kern 01) op de licht-krachttekeningen bedoelt?
Antwoord: Zie bestek
Q1.3 Artikel 70.10.11-w, blz. 12: De tekst omschrijft te rekenen op 60 stuks extra 90 graden bochten, echter staat er niet omschreven voor welke Amperage de hulpstukken dienen te zijn. Gaarne een exacte opgave voor het totale aantal hulpstukken per Amperage
aangeven?
Antwoord: Uitgaan van 10 stuks van 800A, 30 stuks van 100A en 20 stuks van 1200A. Q1.4 Artikel 70.11.20-c, blz. 13: De tekst omschrijft het leveren en monteren van een Ping-
Pong verdeler t.b.v. sprinkler installatie door de aannemer. Echter op tekening BS-HVKK02- 01 wordt deze verdeelkast door derden geleverd. Dient de bestekstekening aangehouden te worden?
Antwoord: Bestek aanhouden.
Q1.5 Artikel 70.13.20-b, blz. 25: De tekst geeft aan dat tijdens de bouwfase de
verlichtingsarmaturen zonder aanvullende instellingen kunnen worden gebruikt. Het gebruik tijdens de bouwfase heeft consequenties voor levensduur, garantie enz. van de armaturen. Gaat de garantie van de armaturen tijdens het gebruik al in?
Antwoord: Nee.
Q1.6 Artikel 70.41.50-a, blz. 28: De wandgoot dient in een nader door de directie te bepalen RAL-kleur geleverd te worden. Mogen wij er voor de prijsvorming vanuit gaan dat dit een standaard fabrieks RAL-Kleur 9010 of 1013 is?
Antwoord: Dit is een standaard RAL-kleur.
Q1.7 Artikel 70.42.10-a, blz. 44: Het schakelmateriaal dient in een nader door de directie te bepalen RAL-kleur geleverd te worden. Mogen wij er voor de prijsvorming vanuit gaan dat dit een standaard fabrieks RAL-Kleur 9010 of 1013 is? Idem voor 70.74.10-a, 70.74.10-b.
33 Q1.8 Artikel 70.72.99-d blz. 46: Het opgegeven type LRC 5933 is niet geschikt voor HFP
voorschakelapparaten. Welk type dient er geleverd te worden? Antwoord: LRC 5913.
Q1.9 Artikel 75.10.21 blz. 51 e.v.: Zijn de brandmelders t.b.v. de gebieden die onder casco vallen, meegenomen in de hoeveelhedenstaat Afbouw E (Deelbestek 19) of dienen die extra geprojecteerd te worden, en bij de casco installatie meegenomen te worden. Als deze nog geprojecteerd dienen te worden is uitstel nodig omdat onze leveranciers hier anders niet genoeg tijd voor hebben
Antwoord: Nee, deze dienen geprojecteerd te worden. Het uitstel is reeds gehonoreerd, hiervoor is ook al gecorrespondeerd.
Q1.10 Artikel 75.10.21-b, blz. 59: Worden de kosten voor de werkzaamheden van systemintegrator GTI opgenomen door de opdrachtgever verzorgd?
Antwoord: Nee, valt onder dit bestek.
Q1.11 Artikel 75.10.21-d, blz. 62: De bestekstekst geeft aan dat in ruimten met verhoogd achtergrondlawaai flitslichten geplaatst dienen te worden, echter op tekening is niet te achterhalen waar deze ruimten zijn. Hoeveel stuks flitslichten dienen er opgenomen te worden?
Antwoord: Te rekenen op 10 stuks
Q1.12 Artikel 75.10.21-f blz. 64: Volgens het bestek dienen alleen de MER-BD ruimten voorzien te worden van blusgasinstallaties, echter worden de SER-ruimten volgens de tekeningen van 012 brandcompartimentering en sprinkler (zie bouwkundige stukken) ook voorzien van een blusgasinstallatie. Wat dient men hiervoor aan te houden?
Antwoord: Alleen de MER-BD krijgen blusgassystemen. De SER niet.
Q1.13 Artikel 75.10.22-a, blz. 66: De besteks tekst is niet duidelijk m.b.t. het wel of niet leveren van de camera‘s. Is het juist dat er alleen ledige buisleidingen naar de camera‘s aangebracht dienen te worden?
Antwoord: De voorzieningen aanbrengen zoals omschreven in het deelbestek. De camera‘s zelf worden geleverd uit een budgetreservering.
Q1.14 Artikel 75.10.31-a, blz. 68: Het is onduidelijk wat de leveringsomvang van de
deurontgrendel installaties is. Is het juist dat alleen in de kernen een transformator van 250 W aangebracht dient te worden?
34 Q1.15 Artikel 75.10.41-a, blz. 70: Indien hoeveelhedenstaat zoals bijgevoegd bij deelbestek
19 (ook) van toepassing is op deelbestek 6, bij welke deelprijs / deelbestek dient de prijsvorming van de hoeveelhedenstaat te worden gevoegd
Antwoord: Hoeveelhedenstaat zoals bijgevoegd bij deelbestek 19 is niet van toepassing op deelbestek Casco.
Q1.16 Artikel 75.10.41-c, blz. 70: MER-CD‘s onderling, Er zijn geen plattegrondtekeningen ontvangen met aangegeven locatie van MER-CD‘s en kabelvoorzieningen tussen de MER-CD‘s onderling. Kunnen alsnog tekeningen worden verstrekt met locaties MER CD‘s en de kabelvoorzieningen tussen de MER-CD‘‘s of kunt u de kabellengten opgeven welke moeten worden aangehouden in de prijsvorming voor de verbindingen
tussen MER-CD‘s.
Antwoord: Niet van toepassing
Q1.17 Artikel 75.10.41-d, blz. 71: Onder artikel 64.50a411 zijn de CP‘s vermeld als zijnde 1xdata/telefoon terwijl in de omschrijving van dit artikel staat vermeld ―consolidation Point met 6xF-UTP jack Cat-6A‖ en in het bestek wordt gesproken over een dubbele consolidation point. Moeten de in de hoeveelhedenstaat genoemde aantallen CP‘s (1909 stuks) wordt uitgevoerd met één (1V), twee (2V) of zes (6V) RJ45 jacks Cat.6A?
35
Appendix 4: Questions Afbouw W-installaties
Q2.1 Artikel 51.32.10-b, blz. 5: Hier wordt aangegeven dat er halfschalen moeten worden toegepast tot en met een diameter van 90 mm. In de hoeveelhedenstaat is deze beperking niet aangegeven. Wat moet worden aangehouden?
Antwoord: Bestektekst aanhouden, halfschalen t/m een diameter van 90mm in verrekenprijs opnemen.
Q2.2 Artikel 52.13.10-a, blz. 10+12: Hier wordt het bacteriologisch controleren van het water omschreven. Op de hoeveelhedenstaat komt dit niet terug. Wat moet worden opgenomen?
Antwoord: Evenals het in bedrijfsstellen van de diverse installaties is ook het
bacteriologisch onderzoek niet specifiek opgenomen in de hoeveelhedenstaat. Het is dan ook niet een verrekenbaar item. Dergelijke onderzoeken moeten verwerkt zijn in de verrekenprijzen. E.e.a. conform bijlage 19 ―Financieel afsprakendocument‖. Voor het maken van een inschatting kan gebruik gemaakt worden van bijlage 04
―Overallplanning bouwuitvoering Tranche 1‖, bijlage 05 ―Fasering casco 021‖, bijlage 06 ―Fasering afbouw‖ en bijlage 14 ―Vlekkenplan‖.
Q2.3 Artikel 52.61.31-a, blz. 19: Het bestek geeft Danfoss thermostatisch
circulatieventielen aan. De hoeveelheidstaat spreekt van Kemper. Wat moet worden opgenomen?
Antwoord: Danfoss aanhouden.
Q2.4 Artikel 53.32.09-b, blz. 28: De hier omschreven vloerput heeft een type nummer 415 de hoeveelhedenstaat geeft een nummer 412 aan. Wat moet worden aangehouden?
Antwoord: Hoeveelhedenstaat, nr. 412 rond RVS 100mm, dient aangehouden te worden.
Q2.5 Artikel 53.33.22-a, blz. 34: De hoeveelhedenstaat is niet duidelijk of er een prijs per meter of een prijs per wastrog moet worden opgenomen. Wat moet worden aangehouden?
Antwoord: Klopt, de hoeveelhedenstaat is hierin niet duidelijk. De aannemer dient hier een wastrog op te nemen geschikt voor 4 wasplaatsen. Uitgaan van 3.000 mm.
Q2.6 Artikel 55.11.19-a, blz. 49: Volgens ISO7396-1 dienen alle afnamepunten t.b.v. medische toepassing achter een afsluiterkast (zone bewakingskast ) geplaatst te zijn. Echter het aantal aftakkingen uit de schacht is vele malen hoger dan het aantal afsluiterkasten. Hoe wordt hiermee voldaan aan de norm?
36 Q2.7 Artikel 55.11.19-a, blz. 50: Dient het vertikaal leidingsysteem voor de afsluiterkast
opgenomen te worden in recept W681197c01 Typical MD? Antwoord: Nee
Q2.8 Artikel 60.41.11-a blz. 070/071: Aangezien er geen radiatoren in de hoeveelheidstaat genoemd staan, kunnen wij er dan vanuit gaan dat tijdens de calculatiefase er geen gerekend dienen te worden?
Antwoord: Correct
Q2.9 Artikel 62.71.52-a, blz. 105: De aansluitslangen zoals onder dit besteks artikel genoemd komen niet voor in de hoeveelhedenstaat. Bij het hoofdstuk
verwarmingsinstallatie is dit wel het geval. Hoeveel en waar moeten deze aansluitslangen worden opgenomen?
Antwoord: Klopt. Het aantal aansluitslangen genoemd bij artikel w607162a015 (zelfde slang als omschreven in hoofdstuk 62) is voldoende voor het aansluiten van alle
klimaatplafonds. De aansluitslang wordt dus toegepast om vanaf de ‗header voorzien van 6 aansluitingen (artikel w623310a001)‘ de klimaatplafonds te voorzien van warm of koud water.
Q2.10 Artikel 68.11.97-e, blz. 140: Typical MF, hebben deze betrekking op de medische gassen en zo ja dienen wij dit op te nemen?
Antwoord: Nee
Q2.11 Sprinkler: In het afbouwbestek staat vermeld dat de afsluiters aan het eind van iedere verdeel leiding op iedere verdieping voorzien moeten worden van een model 1000 afsluiter van Tyco. Gebruikelijk is dat wij hiervoor een normale kogelkraan en plug gebruiken en per sectie 1 model 1000 afsluiter toepassen om meldingen te kunnen testen tijdens onderhoud en inspecties. Wat dienen wij aan te houden voor de prijsvorming?
Antwoord: De hoeveelhedenstaat
Q2.12 Artikel 55 algemeen hoeveelhedenstaat: Hoeven er geen decentrale gassen t.b.v. laboratoriums gerekend te worden, deze staan niet in de hoeveelhedenstaat genoemd?
Antwoord: Alleen hoeveelhedenstaat afprijzen.
Q2.13 Artikel W615111, hoeveelhedenstaat: Dienen wij hier ook regelkleppen en luchtzijdig inregelen hierin mee te nemen?
37 Q2.14 Artikel W625129 hoeveelhedenstaat : Hoeveel aftakkingen per klimaatplafond dienen
wij mee te nemen voor GKW/CV inclusief de afsluiters dit is vrij moeilijk in te schatten, en is niet in het recept vernoemd.
Antwoord: Zie voor het aantal klimaatplafondvelden typical KA. (totaal 1544 stuks). Deze typical omvat de regeling inclusief afsluiters, bekabeling, opnemers etc.
behorende bij de klimaatplafonds. Aanvullende informatie:
Artikel 68.11.95-a geeft een functionele omschrijving weer van de klimaatplafonds. Schematisch is dit weer gegeven op een PI-schema; typical KA. Op dit moment zijn er twee varianten in de hoeveelhedenstaat opgenomen, te weten: Typical KA/1-1 en KA/2-3. Het eerste getal, respectievelijk 1 en 2 geven de positie weer van de
temperatuuropnemer. Het tweede getal, 1 en 3, geeft de bedieningsvariant weer. De bedieningsvarianten zijn omschreven in 68.11.99-a. Om te komen tot prijsvorming dient de aannemer o.a. gebruik te maken van hoofdstuk 68.31 (meetorganen en opnemers) en 68.33 (corrigerende organen). In deze laatste paragraaf is o.a. het type afsluiter omschreven die bedoeld zijn voor de klimaatplafonds, namelijk de
38
Appendix 5: Questions Casco W-installaties
Q3.1 Artikel 50.50.40-a, blz. 5: De genoemde spuwers komen niet op tekening voor. Wat moet hiervoor worden opgenomen?
Antwoord: Zie bouwkundige tekeningen en aanvulling in nota 3.
Q3.2 Artikel 51.31.30-a 01, blz. 10: De afvoerleiding vanaf de vetafscheider tot buiten de fundering, wordt deze vervaardigd van PE80 of van gietijzer?
Antwoord: PE80
Q3.3 Artikel 51.50.10-d, blz. 16: Klopt de opvoerhoogte welke de hier omschreven pomp moet leveren ( 150 kPa)
Antwoord: Ja, dit klopt
Q3.4 Artikel 52.40, blz. 30 e.v.: De opvoerdrukken welke worden gegeven bij de drukverhogingsinstallaties zijn erg hoog van 800 tot 1400 (kPa) Kloppen deze?
Antwoord: Ja, deze kloppen
Q3.5 55.11.19-a, blz. 72: Er wordt over 1 zuurstofsysteem gesproken echter wordt er ook gesproken over zuurstof voor apotheek en labs. Deze dienen twee gescheiden systemen te zijn. Is hierin voorzien?
Antwoord: Ten behoeve van zuurstof gebruik in labs en apotheek wordt voorzien door middel van flessen. Dus geen leidingsysteem.
Q3.6 Artikel 60.60.99-a, blz. 111: Leverancier wil graag m3/h condensaat weten. Graag opgave.
Antwoord: Maximaal 3 m3/h
Q3.7 Artikel 68.11.99-a, blz. 252: Wat wordt bedoeld met aftakking naar de schacht van zowel A-ring en B-ring en waarom staan deze niet op PI-GI-11 schema voor stikstof zowel als voor zuurstof PI-GI-09
Antwoord: Bestek aanhouden.
Q3.8 Artikel 61.43.10-g, blz. 154: Hoe is de luchttoevoer geregeld in de backbone, dit in relatie met de RWA-installatie.
39 Q3.9 Tekeningnummer WS.13.01-02: Nabij as G tussen 29 en 32 is bouwkundig een
plenum aangegeven waar geen HWA voorziening is getekend. Klopt dit?
Antwoord: Nee, dit betreft plenum sectie nr.14. Deze dient eveneens van HWA te worden voorzien. Te rekenen op twee afvoeren met een geïsoleerde horizontale leiding tot in de schacht van kern 1.
Q3.10 Tekeningnummer WS.O.LG-3: Tussen stramien 33 en 36 zijn twee pompputten zonderen twee pompputten met en pomp getekend. Deze worden niet in het bestek omschreven, wat moet hier worden geleverd?
Antwoord: Deze pompen zijn in het sprinklerbestek genoemd.
Q3.11 Tekeningnummer WS.07.03-04: Op as 19 is een breaktank aangegeven welke niet in het bestek is omschreven. Wat moet hier worden opgenomen?
40
Appendix 6: Second Interview
After an analysis of the interviews the following three generic solutions were found fort each of the solution I will ask you if you agree with the solution:
1. During the interviews this became apparent because most question found their bases in the fact that information was send to the construction company in two different
document and the information was not always consistent. During the process of creating these document different employees of RH in different offices worked on the documents. With a BIM approach the information is stored in one BIM model and inconsistencies in the data can thereby never occur. When RH had used a BIM approach when working with different employees in different offices they could also better coordinate the efforts, because then they would login to the BIM model and all the relevant data would be visible and the work that needs to be done would also become apparent. This last benefit has a positive influence on the interaction type coordination. Also by working with a with a single BIM model the interaction type Collaboration would be positively influenced, because now every employee of RH could work on the same project and have the same information.
Do you agree that this solution summarizes a part of the interview?
2. With a BIM approach RH can than communicate more detailed information about the design to the contractor. Because when RH start to use a BIM approach they need to make more detailed design drawings. This would have a positive effect on the interaction type communication.
Do you agree that this solution summarizes a part of the interview?
3. With a BIM approach calculations can be made on the content of the BIM model. These calculation can than ensure that the design quid lines are met. This would have a positive effect on the interaction type communication and coordination.
41 The table below shows the influence of the three solutions on the success factors. The success factors are not discriminative to one another.
Which success factor (Speed, Quality) would be more positively influenced that the other? Success factor Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3
Cost 0 0 0
Speed + + +
42
Appendix 7: Results Casco E-installaties
Positive influence on Direct link with solution No solution Communication Coordination Collaboration 1 2 3
43
Appendix 8: Results Afbouw W-installaties
Positive influence on Direct link with solution No solution Communication Coordination Collaboration 1 2 3
44
Appendix 9: Results Casco W-installaties
Positive influence on Direct link with solution No solution Communication Coordination Collaboration 1 2 3
