1.Drilling Results Discussion of NSPP and PhotoRecord

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1. Drilling Results Discussion of NSPP and Photo Record

Boreholes PEP1S/D

Drill site PEP1, which targeted a negative magnetic anomaly, was not drilled, because of unfavourable drilling results obtained at PEP2S/D on the same negative magnetic anomaly, which proved to be a low- yielding aquifer zone. Drill site PEP20 was drilled and renumbered as PEP1 and is discussed below.

PEP1S was drilled in the centre of the magnetic dyke anomaly to a depth of 40 m. A calcrete layer of 3 m was intersected at surface with green micaceous pyroxenite to the end of the borehole. No measurable water strikes were intersected, with some seepage at 24 m and 37 m correlating with the weathering depth of the pyroxenite.

Figure 1: Monitoring Boreholes PEP1S

PEP1D was drilled to a depth of 180 m, targeting the dolerite contact zone. Micaceous green pyroxenite was drilled with a weathering depth of 25 m. The top part of the aquifer was sealed of with a solid 165mm steel casing to a depth of 48 m. A 4m bentonite and cement seal was installed from 44 m to 48 m. The dyke was not intersected but from 153 m to 155 m a granitic- gneiss formation was intersected. This contact zone between pyroxenite and granitic-gneiss

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was fresh with no water strikes. No deep water strikes were intersected and the borehole drilled dry with only seepage entering the borehole.

Figure 2: Monitoring Boreholes PEP1D

Boreholes PEP2S/D

PEPS2 was drilled to a depth of 42 m, targeting a negative magnetic anomaly, which indicated the presence of a dolerite dyke. The borehole was drilled at 215 mm diameter. A perforated 165 mm steel casing could only be installed to a depth of 33 m. After the construction of this borehole the drilling of cased sections was changed to a 254 mm diameter to ensure effective casing installation. A calcrete layer of 3 m was intersected at surface, with weathered green micaceous pyroxenite to 23 m and fresh pyroxenite to 42 m. At 10m a layer of pinkish granitic- gneiss was intersected. No water strikes were intersected in this borehole, and only seepage had occurred. Pyroxenite and granitic-gneiss contact zone were also dry.

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PEP2D was moved closer to the dyke centre and drilled to a depth of 180 m. A calcrete layer was intersected up to 6 m with green weathered, micaceous pyroxenite to 27 m. The top part of the aquifer was cased and sealed off to a depth of 72 m. Fresh micaceous pyroxenite was drilled to the end of the borehole, with a seepage occurrence at 146 m.

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Boreholes PEP3S/D

At this drill site, both PEP3D1 (11 m) and PEP3D2 (16 m) were drilled and targeted the dolerite contact zone. Both drilling attempts intersected the dolerite from the surface and the drill site had to be moved twice in a north-west direction to be able to intersect the dyke at the required depth. These exploration boreholes were backfilled.

PEP3S intersected brown/white medium to coarse grained, weathered granitic-gneiss to 6 m and grey pink fine grained granitic-gneiss to 7 m. Slightly weathered brown white granitic-gneiss were intersected to 10 m, with fresh grey white, medium to coarse grained granitic-gneiss to 16m. Pink grey medium to coarse grained fractured to fresh granitic-gneiss was intersected to 17 m, and fresh grey white granitic-gneiss to 26 m. The dolerite contact zone was intersected at 26 m (solid and dry) and borehole was drilled to a depth of 36 m. No water strikes were encountered and borehole was left uncased for seven days to see if any seepage accumulated in borehole before construction. No seepage accumulated and the borehole was backfilled.

At PEP3D weathered grey brown granitic-gneiss were intersected to 6 m, followed by white brown fractured granitic-gneiss to 9 m. Pink grey fractured, medium to coarse grained granitic- gneiss was intersected to 16m. Fresh greyish pink, medium to coarse grained granitic-gneiss

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was intersected to 42 m. The top part of the aquifer were cased and sealed off to 42 m from surface. Fresh medium to coarse grain granitic-gneiss was drilled to 129 m intersecting the dolerite dyke from 129 m to 132 m. Fresh granitic-gneiss was intersected for 3 m with dark grey fine grained dolerite intersected again at 135 m to 138 m. Fresh granitic-gneiss was drilled to 142 m (end of borehole). Borehole was dry.

Figure 5: Monitoring Borehole PEP3D

Boreholes PEP4S/D

Drill site PEP4 targeted a dolerite contact zone on a positive magnetic anomaly. The dyke was targeted to be intersected on the south eastern side.

PEP4S intersected pink reddish, medium to coarse grained, fractured and weathered granitic- gneiss to 10 m. Pink grey slightly fractured granitic-gneiss were intersected to 13 m, and slightly fractured to fresh grey white, granitic gneiss to 23 m. Fine grained fresh black dolerite and fresh grey white granitic-gneiss was intersected to 26 m and fresh grey white granitic-gneiss to 28 m.

Fresh pink white granitic-gneiss was intersected to 29 m with fresh pink grey granitic-gneiss to 33 m. From 33 m to 41 m fresh grey white granitic-gneiss were intersected. No water strikes were encountered and borehole was left uncased for seven days to see if any seepage accumulated in borehole before construction. No seepage accumulated and the borehole was backfilled.

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At the first deep borehole attempt PEP4D1 the dolerite dyke was intersected from surface and the borehole was stopped at 16 m and backfilled. The drill site was move 8 m in a south east direction.

PEP4D intersected weathered, light brown, medium to coarse grained granitic-gneiss to 7 m with pink brown fractured granitic-gneiss to 10 m. Pink grey fractured granitic-gneiss was intersected to 12 m, intersecting brown grey weathered and fractured dolerite to 13 m. Pink grey medium to coarse grained fractured granitic-gneiss were intersected to 14 m with grey white slightly fractured granitic-gneiss to 21 m. Fresh grey white granitic-gneiss was intersected to 34 m and pink white granitic-gneiss to 41 m. Fresh grey white medium to coarse grained granitic- gneiss was intersected to 50 m intersecting also some dolorite to 53 m. Fresh grey white granitic-gneiss was intersected to 61 m changing colour to pink white to 64 m. Fresh granitic- gneiss was intersected to 89 m with dark grey fine grained dolerite drill chips to 91 m. Pinkish grey white, fresh granitic-gneiss was intersected to 122 m and fresh fine grained dolerite to133 m. Fresh grey white granitic-gneiss was intersected to 141 m. Top part of aquifer were cased and sealed off to 56 m from surface.

The contact zones between dolerite and granitic-gneiss were fresh and no water strikes were encountered. The dolerite dyke targeted at this location dip is near vertical.

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Boreholes PEP5S/D

PEP5S a targeted a dolerite contact zone. This borehole intersected 2 m of light brown overburden and grey white weathered granitic-gneiss to 5 m. Fractured and weathered granitic- gneiss was intersected to 9 m with highly fractured granitic-gneiss to 11 m. Fractured to slightly fractured grey white medium to coarse grain granitic-gneiss was intersected to16 m with fresh granitic-gneiss to 24 m. Water strikes were encountered at 7 m (0.1 l/s), 11 m (4.5 l/s) and 16 m (3.8 l/s).The final blow yield measured was 8.3 l/s.

PEP5D was drilled 8 m to the north-west of PEP5S. This borehole intersected 2 m of overburden and weathered granitic-gneiss to 7 m. Very fractured and weathered grey white granitic-gneiss was intersected to 11 m, with slightly fractured to fresh granitic-gneiss formation to 16m. Fresh grey white, medium to coarse grained granitic-gneiss was intersected to 46 m.

Fresh dark green micaceous pyroxenite was intersected to 52 m, with fresh grey white granitic- gneiss to 62 m. Dark grey, fine grained, fresh dolorite dyke was intersected at 62 m up to 141 m.

Both the top and bottom contact zones of dolorite dyke intersections were dry. Fresh granitic- gneiss was drilled to 149 m, intersecting a layer of white quartzite to 151 m. Fresh grey white granitic-gneiss was drilled to 160 m. Water strikes were encountered at 8 m (0.1 l/s), 9 m (4 l/s) and 16 m (11 l/s). These water strikes were cased and sealed off to 36 m below surface.

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Boreholes PEP6S/D

PEP 6S intersected weathered and fractured dolerite to 8 m, and fresh dolerite to 24 m. A water strike of 0.1 l/s was intersected at 8 m.

PEP6D1 targeted a dolerite dyke contact zone on a positive magnetic anomaly, indicating the presence of a dolerite dyke. The borehole intersected grey pinkish granitic-gneiss to 22 m.

Borehole was backfilled and drill site was moved closer towards dyke contact zone.

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PEP6D intersected weathered and fractured dolerite to 6 m, with fractured to fresh grey white granitic-gneiss to 20 m. Slightly fractured to fresh dark grey dolerite was intersected to 56 m, intersecting medium to coarse grain granitic-gneiss to 58 m. A water strike of 0.02 l/s was intersected at this contact zone. Fresh dolerite was intersected to 104 m, with fresh grey pink medium to coarse grain granitic-gneiss to 128 m. The dolerite dyke was intersected from 128 m to 129 m. A water strike of 0.67 l/s was encountered in the fractured zone of the granitic-gneiss.

Fresh grey white granitic-gneiss was intersected to 156 m. The top part of the aquifer was cased and sealed of to 39 m below surface. The final blow yield measured was 0.7 l/s.

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Boreholes PEP7S/D

Drill site PEP7 targeted a deep weathering zone in the granitic-gneiss, downstream of the new processing plant.

PEP7S intersected light brown medium to coarse grained highly weathered granitic-gneiss to 7 m. Brown grey weathered granitic-gneiss was intersected to12 m. Grey white fresh to slightly fractured granitic-gneiss was drilled to 34 m. No water strikes were encountered. Borehole PEP7S remained dry after construction, with the static water level of bordering borehole PEP7D at 18 m.

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PEP7D intersected highly weathered brown grey granitic-gneiss to 16 m, with grey brown fractured granitic-gneiss to18 m. Fresh grey white granitic-gneiss was intersected to 64 m with the intersection of grey pink medium to coarse grain granitic-gneiss to 68 m. Fresh granitic- gneiss was drilled to 119 m with the intersection of white quartzite to 120 m. Fresh grey white granitic-gneiss was intersected to 121 m. The top part of aquifer was cased and sealed off to 40 m. No water strikes were encountered.

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Boreholes PEP8S/D

Drill site PEP8 was originally sited along traverse 1, but were moved into the PEP pit area because of 30m road fill which would have complicated drilling conditions and would have been highly expensive (Odex drilling technique). A magnetic traverse T9 was conducted in the PEP pit area in order to define the dolerite dykes which were targeted initially. Drill site PEP8 targeted the high yielding aquifer zone intersected at PEP5S/D on a negative magnetic anomaly.

PEP8S intersected highly weathered brown grey granitic-gneiss to 5 m and fractured to weathered brown grey granitic-gneiss to 13 m. Fractured grey white granitic-gneiss was intersected to 17 m and fresh granitic-gneiss to 31 m. A water strike of 0.5l/s was intersected at 17 m.

PEP8M was drilled at the same distance from the magnetic anomaly as at PEP5S/D. This borehole intersected 1 m of calcrete, followed by grey brown weathered and fractured granitic- gneiss to 10 m. Slightly fractured grey white granitic-gneiss was intersected to 14 m with fresh to

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slightly fractured granitic-gneiss to 26 m. Fractured coarse grained grey white granitic-gneiss was intersected from 26 m to 27 m with a water strike of 0.1l/s. Fresh granitic-gneiss was intersected to 41 m. Borehole was constructed with 18 m of solid 165 mm diameter steel casing from surface, as a medium depth observation borehole to obtain better hydrogeological control and parameters of the aquifer.

Figure 14: Monitoring Borehole PEP8M

PEP8D1 targeted a dolerite contact zone, which were defined by a negative magnetic anomaly.

This dolerite dyke targeted, yield up to 25 l/s at PEP5S/D next to the Selati River. The position of the dyke was confirmed by this borehole, with 11 m of fracturing and weathering from surface in the dolorite. The borehole intersected seepage at 12 m and was backfilled.

PEP8D was moved 10 m to intersect the dolerite dyke at depth. Weathered granitic-gneiss was intersected up to 22 m, and grey white fractured to fresh granitic-gneiss up to 48 m. Borehole was cased and sealed off with solid steel casing and a bentonite-cement seal to 48 m. From 48 m to 60 m PEP8D intersected fresh to slightly fractured dark grey dolerite. From 60 m to 78 m dark grey fresh to slightly fractured dolerite was intersected, and from 78 m to 180m fresh grey white granitic-gneiss was intersected. No water strikes were encountered in this borehole.

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Boreholes PEP9S/D

Borehole PEP9S was drilled targeting a dolerite dyke 60 m to the south-east of the dolerite dyke targeted at PEP9D. Reason being to maximize the hydrogeological information obtainable from geological structures in the investigation area, as this dolerite dyke showed up as a fingerling of the dolerite dyke targeted at PEP9D. The positioning of PEP9S/D was justified by the position of an existing monitor borehole KGM-B34 which is situated some 30 m in between PEP9S and PEP9D respectively, and could be monitored during the test pumping programme. A 2 m calcrete layer was intersected at surface, with green grey weathered pyroxenite to 10 m. Fresh to slightly weathered pyroxenite was intersected to 44 m. No water strikes were intersected with only seepage inflowing into the borehole.

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Borehole PEP9D1 which targeted a dolerite dyke contact zone intersected dolerite from surface and were stopped at 27m and back filled. Drill site was move 8m to intersect the dolerite dyke contact zone deeper.

PEP9D intersected a calcrete layer up to 3m, with green grey weathered pyroxenite up to 10 m, and fractured pyroxenite to 24 m. From 24 m to 26m dark grey fresh to fractured dolorite was intersected. Fresh pyroxenite was drilled to 51 m and borehole was cased and sealed off. Dark green fresh pyroxenite was drilled up to 122 m, intersecting fresh dolerite from 122 m to 123 m.

Borehole drilled dry in dark green pyroxenite to 180 m. From drilling results this dolerite dyke is near vertical.

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Boreholes PEP10S/D

PEP10S intersected light brow overburden to 3 m, with highly weathered granitic-gneiss to 4 m and white quartzite to 6 m. Weathered grey brown granitic-gneiss was intersected to 9 m with fractured dolorite to 10 m. slightly weathered to fresh dolerite was intersected to 26 m. A water strike occurs at 11 m within the dolerite contact zone and had a final blow yield of 0.3 l/s.

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PEP10M was constructed to intersect the dolerite dyke at a deeper depth, a higher blow yield (1l/s) as in the shallow borehole were encountered at 11 m in the fractured granitic-gneiss. The dolerite dyke was intersected from 34 m to 40 m. PEP10M was constructed as a medium depth monitor/testing borehole to obtain better hydrogeological control and parameters of the aquifer.

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Figure 19: Monitoring Borehole PEP10M

PEP10D intersected highly weathered brown grey granitic-gneiss to 6m and fractured to slightly fractured granitic-gneiss to 18 m. Fresh to slightly fractured grey white granitic gneiss was intersected to 46 m with fine grained dark grey fresh dolerite from 46 m to 91 m. A shallow water strike of 3.2 l/s was intersected at 18 m. The shallow water strike was cased and sealed of to 51 m. The granitic-gneiss and dolerite top and bottom contact zones intersected were fresh. The borehole intersected grey white granitic-gneiss up to 151 m. During construction the borehole drilled dry after installation of bentonite-cement seal with groundwater flowing into the borehole when drilling was stop, possible leakage of bentonite seal?

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Boreholes PEP11S/D

Drill site PEP11S which targeted a dolerite dyke contact zone intersected the dyke at 32 m.

Calcrete was intersected from surface for 4 m with highly weathered dark green pyroxenite to 14 m. Slightly weathered pyroxenite was intersected to 32 m and fine grained dark grey dolerite to 42 m. The fractured contact zone yield a water strike of 2.0 l/s at 32 m.

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PEP11D which targeted a dolerite dyke contact at depth intersected the targeted dolerite dyke at 163m and was drilled to a final depth of 176 m. The top part of the aquifer which intersected a shallow water strike of 0.2 l/s at 39 m was cased and sealed of to a depth of 50 m. Dark green weathered pyroxenite was intersected from surface to a depth of 27 m with fresh pyroxenite and phlogopite layers to 163 m. The dolerite dyke was intersected from 163 m to 176 m. The pyroxenite and dolerite contact intersected zone intersected were dry.

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Boreholes PEP12S/D

PEP12S intersected calcrete to 6 m and highly weathered dark green micaceous pyroxenite to 30 m. Fractured to fresh pyroxenite was intersected to 38 m. The dolerite dyke was intersected from 38 m to 48 m, with fracturing at the contact zone. The borehole had a final blow yield of 1.05 l/s from the water strike at the contact zone.

PEP12D targeted a dolerite dyke at depth. This borehole intersected calcrete to 6 m and dark green highly weathered pyroxenite up to 16 m. Light green micaceous weathered pyroxenite was intersected to 18 m, and fractured green grey micaceous pyroxenite to 26 m. Fresh to slightly fractured dark green micaceous pyroxenite was intersected to 41 m with fresh pyroxenite to 137 m. The dolerite dyke was intersected at 137 m to 151 m, with upper and lower contact zones being fresh and dry. Shallow water strikes were encountered at 21 m (0.1 l/s) and 41 m (0.8 l/s), and were cased and sealed off to 56 m. No water strikes were encountered up to 60 m, at which depth another water strike was reported of 0.8 l/s. However leakage from top part of

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aquifer is suspected, resulting from mine blasting, as the blow yields measured before and after the top part of aquifer was sealed off are the same.

Boreholes PEP13S/D

Drill site PEP18 was renumbered to PEP13 as drill site PEP13 were inaccessible, due to the position of the Loole creek.

PEP13S intersected 2 m of red brown fine grained overburden. Highly weathered green micaceous pyroxenite was intersected to 15 m. Fresh to slightly fractured grey green pyroxenite was intersected to 54 m. A water strike of 0.4 l/s was intersected at 16 m, with a final blow yield of 0.5 l/s.

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PEP13D1 was drilled to a depth of 66 m, to be cased and sealed off, but were stopped because of huge cavity and cracks at surface, which held a safety risk to the drilling team and equipment.

The borehole was backfilled with a dozer and the drilling site were moved. PEP13D1 had a water strike of +/- 1.1 l/s at 16 m, which correlate with the weathering depth in the pyroxenite.

PEP13D was drilled to a depth of 170 m, targeting a deep weathering zone, defined with the EM method. PEP13D were cased of with solid steel casing to 66 m. A bentonite and cement seal of 6 m was installed from 60 m to 66 m. This borehole yield 0.3 l/s from a water strike at 16 m which were sealed off. The borehole intersected no deep water strikes, and drilled dry in a fresh grey micaceous pyroxenite/foskorite formation.

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Boreholes PEP14S/D

At PEP14D a deep weathering zone was targeted in the original Loole creek channel, before diversion of the creek.

PEP14S intersected 3 m of fine brown clayey overburden. Highly weathered to weathered green/grey micaceous pyroxenite was intersected to 15 m, with slightly weathered and fractured pyroxenite to 26 m. Fresh to slightly weathered green/grey micaceous pyroxenite was drilled to 54 m. A water strike of 1l/s was intersected at 11m within the weathered pyroxednite.

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PEP14D1 was drilled to a depth of 64 m, to be cased off, but were stopped because of huge cavity at surface and posing a safety risk to the drilling team and equipment. The borehole intersected green grey micaceous pyroxenite with a water strike of 0.8 l/s at 16 m, and was backfilled with dozer. Another borehole also drilled to 64 m at 215 mm diameter was abandoned and backfilled because casing broke and could not be recovered. This was at fault of the operator with no cost to the client.

PEP14D was drilled to 180 m, in a deep weathering zone in the original creek channel. A 30 m weathered zone of green /grey pyroxenite exists, with soft micaceous pyroxenite to 180 m. The borehole was drilled at 254 mm diameter to a depth of 66 m. A water strike of 0.9 l/s was intersected at 21 m, and were cased and sealed off. A water strike of 0.5l/s was encountered at 69m after sealing of the top aquifer. The micaceous pyroxenite drilled at this site however was very soft and the possibility exists that the bentonite seal could be leaking because of mine blasting activities.

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Boreholes PEP15S/D

PEP15S intersected a calcrete layer up to 4 m, with green grey highly weathered to weathered pyroxenite to 26 m. Weathered to fractured dark green pyroxenite was intersected to 41 m, with fresh micaceous pyroxenite to 56 m. Water srikes were encountered at 27 m (0.1 l/s) and at 36 m (1.4 l/s). The final measured blow yield was 1.4 l/s.

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PEP15D was drilled to a depth of 180 m in green grey pyroxenite targeting deep weathering. A water strike of 1.5 l/s was intersected at 41 m, and were cased and sealed off to 66 m. The depth of the weathering zone is 27 m, with fracturing and weathering to 41 m. No further water strikes were encountered after casing and sealing of top aquifer.

Boreholes PEP16S/D

Drill site PEP16 could not be drilled as result of mining activities by PMC. Drill site PEP19 was renumbered to PEP16.

PEP16S intersected calcrete to 6 m, with highly weathered to weathered green pyroxenite up to 21 m. A water strike of 1.6 l/s was intersected at 17 m. Fresh to slightly fractured pyroxenite was drilled to 56 m.

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PEP16D was drilled up to 180 m, targeting a deep weathered zone in the pyroxenite. A 4 m calcrete layer was intersected at surface, and highly weathered, green micaceous pyroxenite to 23 m. A water strike of 0.1l/s was intersected at 17 m. The borehole was cased and sealed off to 64 m. Green micaceous pyroxenite was drilled up to 180 m, no water strikes were intersected.

Boreholes PEP17S/D

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Drill site PEP17 is an additional drilling site which was added and drilled 90 m to the south east of PEP5, where a high yielding aquifer zone was intersected. The reason for adding an additional site was to obtain better control of hydrogeological parameters surrounding the high yielding area, and to investigate the eastern side of the dolerite dyke.

PEP17S was drilled to a depth of 26 m, in grey white granitic-gneiss. Weathering depth of granitic-gneiss are 4 m, with minor fracturing up to 16m. A water strike of 0.25 l/s was intersected at 14 m.

PEP17D was drilled to a depth of 150 m, in grey white granitic-gneiss. Weathering depth is shallow to 5 m, with some quartzite pebbles at 4 m. Borehole were cased and sealed off from surface to 32 m. The only occurrence of groundwater was some seepage at 14 m and 51 m. No dolerite was intersected in either the boreholes.

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