Case study Amsterdam Bijlmermeer

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Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences

van der Veek, F.; Lambalk, F.

Publication date 2006

Document Version Final published version Published in

Exploring the public city

Link to publication

Citation for published version (APA):

van der Veek, F., & Lambalk, F. (2006). Case study Amsterdam Bijlmermeer. In K. Buurmans, M. Koehler, F. van der Veek, & W. Wicher (Eds.), Exploring the public city: reanimating the post-war city: international intensive programme (pp. 74-79). Politechnika Krakowska, Faculty of Architecture.

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Download date:27 Nov 2021

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AMSTERDAM • BERLIN • DELFT • FRANKFURT AM MAIN • CRACOW

INTERNATIONAL INTENSIVE PROGRAMME

EXPLORING THE

PUBLIC CITY

CRACOW • 08-19.5.2006 • Politechnika Krakowska • Faculty of Architecture

R E A N I M A T I N G

T H E P O S T - W A R C I T Y

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AMSTERDAM • BERLIN • DELFT • FRANKFURT AM MAIN • CRACOW

INTERNATIONAL INTENSIVE PROGRAMME

EXPLORING THE

PUBLIC CITY

CRACOW • 08-19.5.2006 • Politechnika Krakowska • Faculty of Architecture

R E A N I M A T I N G

T H E P O S T - W A R C I T Y

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EXPLORING THE PUBLIC CITY 2006 4

PART 0. WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS; COLOPHON & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ideological context and the question of public space

ORGANISATION & TEACHING STAFF Niels Barrett M.Sc. Architect Købnhavns Tekniske Skole

Peter G. de Bois M.Sc. Architect and Urban Designer Technische Universiteit Delft

Karen Buurmans M.Sc. Urban Designer and B.Sc. Architect Technische Universiteit Delft

Gisela Glass M.Sc. Architect Technische Fachhochschule Berlin Marc Koehler M.Sc. Architect Technische Universiteit Delft Hogeschool van Amsterdam Holger Kühnel M.Sc. Architect Technische Fachhochschule Berlin Flip Lambalk M.Sc. Architect Hogeschool van Amsterdam

Michael Peterek Ph.D. Architect and urban designer Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main, Fachgebiet Städtebau

CONCEPT Marc Koehler

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Karen Buurmans

EDITORS Karen Buurmans | Marc Koehler Frank van der Veek | Wojciech Wicher DESIGN Karen Buurmans | Marc Koehler COVER DESIGN Karen Buurmans | Wojciech Wicher PRINTING Sieca Repro, Delft (temporary edition)

Hogeschool van Amsterdam (A4 edition) DjaF, Krakow (A5 edition)

METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT

Karen Buurmans M.Sc. Urban Designer and B.Sc. Architect Soecial thanks to all the staff, lecturers, Nowa Huta branch of Cracow’s Historical Museum, Cracow University of

Technology Faculty of Architecture and all the participants.

Financial sponsoring by Universiteitsfonds Delft

Wolfgang Rang M.Sc. Architect Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main Wojciech Wicher Ph.D. Architect Politechnika Krakowska

GUEST LECTURERS in alphabetical order:

Stanislaw Juchnowicz Prof. D.Sc. Ph.D. Architect

Politechnika Krakowska (Cracow University of Technology) International Centre of Urban Education

Andrzej Lorek Ph.D. Architect

Politechnika Krakowska (Cracow University of Technology) Faculty of Architecture, Institute of Urban Design

Magdalena Marx-Kozakiewicz Ph.D. Architect

Politechnika Krakowska (Cracow University of Technology) Faculty of Architecture, Institute of City and Regional Planning Maciej Motak Ph.D. Architect

Politechnika Krakowska (Cracow University of Technology) Faculty of Architecture, Institute of History of Architecture and Monument Preservation

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REANIMATING THE POST-WAR CITY 5 part 0. workshop proceedings

0.1 colofon

0.2 acknowledgements 0.3 table of contents

part 1. exploring the public city | Marc Koehler & Karen Buurmans

1.1 general introduction to the intensive programme (rationale, learning objectives) 1.2 methodology, logistics & legenda

1.3 programme 2006

part 2. workshop theme 2006; reanimating the post-war city | Wojciech Wicher 2.1 introduction to theme 2006

2.2 workshop brief 2.3 theoretical frame

part 3. theme related articles and lectures | various authors

3.1 Centres Beyond the centre. New public spaces at the urban fringe (Michael Peterek) 3.2 Genesis of Urban Frame (Peter de Bois & Karen Buurmans)

3.3 Living in the space of post-socialism Part 1 (Anastasia Moiseeva) part 4. preparatory student work | participants

4.1 case-study Nordweststadt (Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences) 4.2 case-study Amsterdam Bijlmermeer (Amsterdam School of Technology) 4.3 case-study Amsterdam West (Deft University of Technology)

4.4 case-study Kemerovo (Delft University of Technology) 4.5 case-study Cracow (Cracow University of Technology) part 5. exploring Nowa Huta, mapping public space | participants 5.1 Commercial Public Space

5.2 Green Public Space 5.3 Informal Public Space 5.4 Infrastructure & Public Space 5.5 Offi cial Public Space

44 45

66 149

1616 1621

2222 2850

6464 7480 8688

106106 114124 136148

TABLE OF CONTENTS

part 6. interventions in Nowa Huta, (re)designing the public domain | participants 6.1 Commercial public space

6.2 Green public space 6.3 Informal public space

6.4 Infrastructure and public space 6.5 offi cial public space

part 7. evaluating interventions | participants 7.1 Commercial Public Space (Timothy van Agt)

7.2 Green Public Space | Pearl necklace & jewels (Laurine Houtman) 7.3 Informal Public Space | Informalising Nowa Huta (Amber Maessen)

7.5 Offi cial Public Space | Living in the space of post-socialism Part 2 (Anastasia Moiseeva) part 8. integration and Masterplan | Karen Buurmans

part 9. workshop impressions part 10. literature & references

160160 170182 194208

220220 226234 240 266 274 280

A NOTE TO THE READER / ERRATUM (d.d. 18-06-2008)

Due to an unfortunate combination of circumstances, the original InDesign source file of this document was lost before the last round of editing and proofreading was completed. Time restraints made it impossible to recreate the file from scratch which left only a halfway back-up pdf to work with. Whereas pdf is not the most complying file format to implement changes, regrettably and despite the high standards of said editors, not all minor errors may have been pruned and corrected.

The editors therefore kindly ask the reader to judge this document on the merits of its content, rather than its form.

The editors apologise to the authors and participants for any inadvertent inaccuracies in the presentation of their material.

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REANIMATING THE POST-WAR CITY 75 PART 4. PREPARATORY STUDENT WORK

Impression drawings of original design philosophy ↑

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Strip proposal O.M.A. 1998 ↑ First low-rise buildings (upper left) → Artwork on end facade Bijlmer Museum (upper right) →→

Overview situation 2005 (lower left) → Renovated fl ats seen from Bijlmer Museum (lower right) →→

PART 4. PREPARATORY STUDENT WORK; case-study Amsterdam BIJLMERMEER

F. van der Veek, F. Lambalk (Amsterdam school of technology)

Problems on all sides

The high-rise development in the Bijlmermeer was ready for occupation in 1975. Initially, there were waiting lists for these homes, but many Amsterdam residents later decided to move to single-family dwellings in one of the overspill municipalities such as Lelystad or Purmerend. this meant that in spite of the enormous housing shortage at that time, there were still vacant fl ats in the Bijlmer. Later it was also discovered that managing the fl ats required much more time and money than had been provided for in the original plans, examples of this being the frequent breakdowns of the lifts, and the waste disposal system that did not function properly. The housing units were completed far ahead of public facilities such as shops and the metro. the car parks, the interior walkways and the green public area were generally felt to be unsafe, particularly at night. And there was a high rate of crime in the shape of theft, robbery and violence.

The district thumbled into a downward spiral which became worse and worse, and by 1985, only one in four homes was occupied.

General design for the renovation

Although many small-scale measures to improve the quality of lige had been implemented between 1975 and 1990, structural renovation in the Bijlmermeer did not actually commence until 1992. The aim of this renovation process is to provide specifi c support to residents in a vulnerable social position, whilst offering people in a stronger social position the opportunity for better housing within the Bijlmer itself. The various functions- residential, business, recreation and shopping will then become more intermingled. Achieving this means demolishing the high- rise fl at buildings and replacing them with other types of housing.

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DEMOLITION OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING

The Rochdale housing organisation has commissioned the demolistion of about 6500 of the 12,500 fl ats. The fi rst of these, Geinwijk was demolished in 1995, and Gerenstein followed in 1996. By 2004, half the demolition programme was completed, and the last building to be pulled down will be Develstein (scheduled for 2009). Most of the fl ats in the H neighbourhood will remain standing, about half of the fl ats in the G and K neighbourhoods will be pulled down, and most of the fl ats in the D, E and F neighbourhoods will be demolished as well.

One of the factors in the decisions concerning demolition of fl at buildings was the outcome of a large-scale survey conducted in 2001 among the occupants of 4,600 homes. More than 3,500 residents participated in this survey.

FLAT RENOVATION

The Rochdale housing organisation is renovating the 6,000 fl ats that are not on the demolition list, and the original urban design will be largely maintained in part of the G and K neighbourhoods.

The fl at buildings in this “Bijlmer Museum” -Grunnehoeve, Groeneveen, Gooioord, Kikkenstein, Kruitberg and Kleiburg- are being renovated and the public area will remain green and traffi c free.Hoogoord, the fi rstfl at building to be renovated, underwent this process in 1998. During the renovation of the fl at buildings, the interior walkways to the car parks will be removed and new functions (mostly social) allotted to the storage spaces on the groundfl oor. in this way, the feeling of insecurity in these public places will be reduced. The fi ttings and facilities in the homes themselves are being renewed, and a new system for the collection of household refuse is being installed.

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Heightened entrance in the Hofgeest fl ats ↓ New facade of the fForijn fl ats next to the old situation ↓

PART 4. PREPARATORY STUDENT WORK; case-study Amsterdam BIJLMERMEER

F. van der Veek, F. Lambalk (Amsterdam school of technology)

RESTRUCTURING OF PUBLIC SPACE

80% of the space in the original Bijlmermeer was used as a public area. This percentage will remain constant in the Bijlmer Museum area, the “Rechte H-buurt” neighbourhood and Hakfort/Huigen- bos. In this area parking is limited to the perimeters of public area. Public areas in paces where the old fl at buildings have been pulled down will be entirely restructured: they will be reduced to 40% and the cars can then be parked in front of the homes. The Bijlmerpark (aproximately 40 hectares) is also being restructured to allow more intensive use. One part of it is being made into an urban park with sports facilities, whilst the other part will be a natural park. about 780 homes are being constructed along the boundries of the park

Renewal action plan 2010 → New stairs along the plith of gravestein fl ats →→

New residences on the groundfl oor in Hoogoord fl ats ↓

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Impression of the new facade of kleiburg fl ats (Greg Lynn) ↑

New stairs along the plinth of gravestein fl ats ↑ BeBos along the Bijlmerdreef (architects Claus & Kaan) ↓

Impression after renewal 2010 ↑