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Life cycle and ecology of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta, Linnaeus, 1758): development and application of the Dynamic Energy Budget model
Marn, N.
2016
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Marn, N. (2016). Life cycle and ecology of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta, Linnaeus, 1758): development and application of the Dynamic Energy Budget model.
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1 General introduction 1 2 Size scaling in western North Atlantic loggerhead turtles 7
2.1 Introduction . . . 8
2.2 Methods . . . 10
2.2.1 Data . . . 10
2.2.2 Models and statistical analysis . . . 12
2.3 Results . . . 15
2.3.1 Analysis of regional subsets ’north’ and ’south’ . . . 15
2.3.2 Analysis of life stage subsets ’I’ , ’II’ , and ’III’ . . . 19
2.3.3 Performance of saturating models ’M2’ . . . 24
2.4 Discussion . . . 26
2.4.1 Regional subsets . . . 27
2.4.2 Life stage subsets . . . 28
2.4.3 Saturating models . . . 29
2.4.4 Implications . . . 30
3 Dynamic Energy Budget model of the North Atlantic loggerhead turtles 33 3.1 Introduction . . . 34
3.2 Methods . . . 36
3.2.1 The DEB model . . . 36
3.2.2 Data used . . . 42
3.3 Results . . . 47
3.3.1 The model parameters . . . 48
3.3.2 Zero-variate data . . . 50
3.3.3 Uni-variate data . . . 51
3.4 Discussion . . . 54
3.4.1 The model parameters . . . 54
3.4.2 Zero-variate data . . . 56
3.4.3 Uni-variate data . . . 62
3.5 Conclusion . . . 66
ii Contents
4 Comparison of Mediterranean and North Atlantic populations using DEB
mod-els 69
4.1 Introduction . . . 70
4.2 Methods . . . 73
4.2.1 The static approach - Analyzing the “snapshots” of size and physiolo-gical condition of individuals from the two populations . . . 73
4.2.2 The dynamic approach - Development and applications of the Dy-namic Energy Budget (DEB) model . . . 75
4.3 Results . . . 83
4.3.1 Analyzing the “snapshots” of the size and physiology of individu-als from the Mediterranean and North Atlantic populations . . . 83
4.3.2 DEB model . . . 90
4.3.3 Simulating biphasic growth with a change in food availability . . . 97
4.3.4 Posthatchling growth . . . 98
4.4 Discussion . . . 100
4.4.1 Influence of the environment on the loggerhead turtles . . . 101
4.4.2 Influence of physiology on the loggerhead turtles . . . 105
4.4.3 Interactions of physiology and the environment . . . 113
4.5 Conclusion . . . 116
5 Effects of environmental change and plastic ingestion on the energy budget of loggerheads 119 5.1 Introduction . . . 120
5.2 Methods . . . 122
5.2.1 Effect of the environmental characteristics (temperature and food availability) on growth, maturation, and reproduction . . . 122
5.2.2 Anthropogenic marine debris . . . 126
5.3 Results . . . 129
5.3.1 Environmental characteristics (temperature and food availability) . 129 5.3.2 Ingestion of non-digestible anthropogenic marine debris . . . 136
5.4 Discussion . . . 138
5.4.1 Is the energy budget realistic? . . . 138
5.4.2 Effects of the environment (food density and temperature) on growth, maturation, and reproduction of loggerhead turtles . . . 141
5.4.3 Anthropogenic pressure: plastic and other non-digestible marine debris . . . 144
6 General Conclusion 149
References 153
A Appendix A - Description of data obtained from Sidonie Cateau 183
