• No results found

Organics on Mars : Laboratory studies of organic material under simulated martian conditions Kate, Inge Loes ten

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Organics on Mars : Laboratory studies of organic material under simulated martian conditions Kate, Inge Loes ten"

Copied!
19
0
0

Bezig met laden.... (Bekijk nu de volledige tekst)

Hele tekst

(1)

Kate, Inge Loes ten

Citation

Kate, I. L. ten. (2006, January 26). Organics on Mars : Laboratory studies of organic material under simulated martian

conditions. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4298

Version:

Corrected Publisher’s Version

License:

Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University

of Leiden

Downloaded from:

https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4298

(2)



*HQHUDOLQWURGXFWLRQ

(3)
(4)
(5)

 7KHFXUUHQWVWDWHRINQRZOHGJHDERXW0DUVKDVEHHQREWDLQHG LQVHYHUDOZD\V2EVHUYDWLRQVRIWKHDWPRVSKHUHDQGVXUIDFH KDYHEHHQPDGHE\JURXQGDQGVSDFHEDVHGWHOHVFRSHV0H  WHRULWHVWKDWDUHEHOLHYHGWREHRIPDUWLDQRULJLQDUHDQDO\VHG IRUWKHLUFKHPLFDODQGJHRFKHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQ7KHVHPHWH RULWHVDUHFDOOHG61&PHWHRULWHVQDPHGDIWHUWKHFROOHFWLRQ VLWHRIWKHÀUVWWKUHHPHWHRULWHVEHOLHYHGWREHIURP0DUV 6KHUJRWW\1DNKODDQG&KDVVLJQ\ 0RUHRYHU0DUVKDV EHHQYLVLWHGE\PDQ\VSDFHFUDIW RUELWHUVDQGODQGHUV ZLWK YDU\LQJGHJUHHVRIVXFFHVV VHH7DEOHS 7KHVHFORVH LQYHVWLJDWLRQVKDYHVKRZQWKDWRXUQHLJKERXULQJSODQHWKDV KDGDQLQWHUHVWLQJKLVWRU\DQGWKDWLWOLNHO\KDUERXUVZDWHULQ LWVVXEVXUIDFH



0

$56

·

,17(5,25 0DUVKDVDUHODWLYHO\ORZGHQVLW\ NJP  FRPSDUHGWR WKHRWKHUWHUUHVWULDOSODQHWV (DUWK NJP 9HQXV  NJP DQG0HUFXU\ NJP  VXJJHVWLQJDUHODWLYHO\ ODUJHIUDFWLRQRIOLJKWHUHOHPHQWVVXFKDVVXOSKXU &RUH /LNHWKH(DUWK·VWKHPDUWLDQFRUHLVDVVXPHGWRFRQVLVW PDLQO\RILURQDQGVPDOODPRXQWVRIQLFNHO9DULRXVFRPSRVL WLRQDOPRGHOVVXJJHVWDFRUHZLWKDUDGLXVEHWZHHQDQG NPDQGIUDFWLRQDOPDVVRIWR+RZHYHUIURP ZKDWLVFXUUHQWO\NQRZQRIWKHJHRSK\VLFDODQGJHRFKHPLFDO FRPSRVLWLRQRI0DUVYDULRXVFRPSRVLWLRQVFRXOGEHSRVVLEOH UDQJLQJIURPDQHDUO\SXUHLURQFRUHFRPSULVLQJRIWKH SODQHW·VPDVVRUDLURQQLFNHOFRUHRIaRI0DUV·UDGLXV WRDFRUHFRQWDLQLQJZHLJKWVXOSKXUFRQVWLWXWLQJRI WKHSODQHW·VWRWDOPDVVDQGRILWVUDGLXV 6FKXEHUW HWDO /RQJKLHWDODQGUHIHUHQFHVLQERWK  7DEOH&KDUDFWHULVWLFSDUDPHWHUVRI0DUVDQGWKH(DUWK†

&KDUDFWHULVWLFV 0DUV (DUWK

(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)

 6RLO 7KHVXUIDFHRI0DUVLVFRYHUHGE\DÀQHVRLO VHH)LJ WKDW FRQWDLQVVLOLFRQLURQDOXPLQLXPPDJQHVLXPFDOFLXPWLWD  QLXPDQGLVUHODWLYHO\ULFKLQVXOSKXUDQGFKORULQHFRPSDUHG WRWHUUHVWULDOVRLOV0DUV·UHGFRORXULVFDXVHGE\R[LGDWLRQ RILURQLQWKHVRLODQGLQURFNVZKHQH[SRVHGWRR[LGDQWV IRUPHGDPRQJRWKHUVE\SKRWRFKHPLVWU\LQWKHDWPRVSKHUH 7KHVHDQGRWKHUR[LGDQWVDUHSUHVHQWLQWKHVRLODVZHOODQG PD\EHRQHRIWKHFDXVHVRIWKHODFNRIRUJDQLFPDWHULDO HJ <HQ HWDO  +LJKFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRIPLQHUDOVVXFKDV FKORULQHDQGVXOSKXUVDOWPLQHUDOVPDJQHWLFDOO\DFWLYHPL QHUDOVDQGMDURVLWH VHHVHFWLRQ KDYHEHHQGHWHFWHG2QWKH RWKHUKDQGWKHVRLOVHHPVWRODFNFDUERQDWHVDQGFOD\PLQH UDOV )RUUHYLHZVVHH6TX\UHVHWDODE%DQLQDQG UHIHUHQFHVWKHUHLQ<HQHWDO 



0

$56

·

$70263+(5( 7KHPDMRUFRPSRQHQW  RIWKHPDUWLDQDWPRVSKHUH LVFDUERQGLR[LGH &2.XLSHU 2WKHUPDMRUJDVHVLQ 0DUV·DWPRVSKHUHDUHQLWURJHQDUJRQR[\JHQDQGFDUERQ PRQR[LGH 2ZHQ :DWHULVDPLQRUFRQVWLWXHQWYDU\  LQJEHWZHHQDQGSDUWVSHUPLOOLRQ SSP(QFUHQD] HWDO D 6HYHUDORWKHUWUDFHJDVHVKDYHEHHQGHWHFWHG LQWKHPDUWLDQDWPRVSKHUHLQFOXGLQJK\GURJHQSHUR[LGH SDUWVSHUELOOLRQ SSE &ODQF\ HWDO (QFUHQD]

HWDOE DQGPHWKDQH &+ SSE.UDVQRSROVN\ HWDO

(10)

 WHPSHUDWXUHZKHUHOLTXLGZDWHUFDQH[LVW,IWKHWHPSHUDWXUH LVKLJKHQRXJKIRUZDWHULFHWRPHOWWKHDWPRVSKHULFSUHV  VXUHLVVRORZWKDWZDWHULFHGLUHFWO\HYDSRUDWHV,WLVWKRXJKW WKDW0DUVKDGDPXFKGHQVHUDWPRVSKHUHLQWKHSDVW'XHWR LWVVPDOOPDVVDQGZHDNJUDYLW\0DUVZDVQRWDEOHWRUHWDLQ LWVDWPRVSKHUH6SXWWHULQJE\VRODUZLQGPD\KDYHDGGLWLRQ DOO\HURGHGWKHDWPRVSKHUHVLQFH0DUVKDVORVWLWVJOREDO PDJQHWLFÀHOGDQGFRUUHVSRQGLQJSURWHFWLYHPDJQHWRVSKHUH 0DUV·VPDOOVL]HDQGODFNRISODWHWHFWRQLFVDQGDFWLYHYROFD  QRHVSUHYHQWWKH&2WKDWLVORFNHGDVFDUERQDWHVIURPEHLQJ UHF\FOHGEDFNLQWRWKHDWPRVSKHUH7KHFXUUHQW&2 F\FOHLV SUHGRPLQDQWO\FDXVHGE\WKHVHDVRQDOFRQGHQVDWLRQDQGVXE OLPDWLRQLQWKHSRODUUHJLRQV 2ZHQ 



:

$7(5



21

0

$56 3RODULFHFDSV 0DUVKDVLFHFDSVDWWKHQRUWKDQGVRXWKSROHERWKJURZLQJ DQGUHFHGLQJZLWKWKHVHDVRQV7KHQRUWKSROHKDVDUHVLGXDO VXPPHUFDSFRQVLVWLQJRIQHDUO\ZDWHULFHFRYHUHG E\DVHDVRQDOFDSRI&2LFH )HOGPDQHWDO%\UQHDQG ,QJHUVROO DQGLVVXUURXQGHGE\VDQGGXQHV7KHVRXWK SROHFRQVLVWVRIOD\HUHGGHSRVLWVWKRXJKWWREHFRPSRVHGRI GXVWDQGDPL[WXUHRI&2 LFHDQGZDWHULFH %LEULQJ HWDO 

7LWXV HWDO  /LNHWKHQRUWKSROHWKHVRXWKSROH LVFRYHUHGZLWKDVHDVRQDO&2FDS7KHUHVLGXDOFDSRQWKH VRXWKSROHVKRZVDZLGHUYDULHW\RIJHRORJLFIHDWXUHVWKDQWKH FDSRQWKHQRUWKSROHLQGLFDWLQJDQDV\PPHWU\LQWKHSRODU FOLPDWHVRI0DUV 7KRPDVHWDO  (TXDWRULDOUHJLRQV ,QWKH+LJK(QHUJ\1HXWURQ'HWHFWRUWKH1HXWURQ 6SHFWURPHWHUDQGWKH*DPPD5D\6SHFWURPHWHURQERDUG 0DUV2G\VVH\LGHQWLÀHGK\GURJHQULFKUHJLRQVLQERWKSROHV DVZHOODVLQUHJLRQVFORVHUWRWKHHTXDWRU0RGHOOLQJVXJJHVWV WKDWWHQVRIFHQWLPHWUHVWKLFNZDWHULFHULFKOD\HUVVLPLODU WRSHUPDIURVWOD\HUVRQ(DUWKH[LVWLQWKHVHUHJLRQVEXULHG EHQHDWKK\GURJHQSRRUVRLO 0LWURIDQRYHWDO)HOGPDQ

HWDO %R\QWRQ HWDO  7KHH[LVWHQFHRIVXFKSHU 

(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)



7DEOH&KURQRORJ\RI0DUV([SORUDWLRQÂ

0LVVLRQQDPH /DXQFKGDWD *RDO

0DUVQLN 0DUV$  2FWREHU $WWHPSWHGPDUVÁ\E\ ODXQFKIDLOXUH 0DUVQLN 0DUV%  2FWREHU $WWHPSWHGPDUVÁ\E\ ODXQFKIDLOXUH

6SXWQLN 2FWREHU $WWHPSWHGPDUVÁ\E\

0DUV 1RYHPEHU 0DUVÁ\E\ FRQWDFWORVW

6SXWQLN 1RYHPEHU $WWHPSWHGPDUVODQGHU

0DULQHU 1RYHPEHU $WWHPSWHGPDUVÁ\E\

0DULQHU 1RYHPEHU 0DUVÁ\E\

=RQG 1RYHPEHU 0DUVÁ\E\ FRQWDFWORVW

=RQG -XO\ /XQDUÁ\E\PDUVWHVWYHKLFOH

0DULQHU )HEUXDU\ 0DUVÁ\E\

0DULQHU 0DUFK 0DUVÁ\E\

0DUV$ 0DUFK $WWHPSWHGPDUVRUELWHU ODXQFKIDLOXUH 0DUV% $SULO $WWHPSWHGPDUVRUELWHU ODXQFKIDLOXUH

0DULQHU 0D\ $WWHPSWHGPDUVRUELWHU ODXQFKIDLOXUH

&RVPRV 0D\ $WWHPSWHGPDUVRUELWHUODQGHU

0DUV 0D\ 0DUVRUELWHUDWWHPSWHGODQGHU

0DUV 0D\ 0DUVRUELWHUODQGHU

0DULQHU 0D\ 0DUVRUELWHU SDUWQHUPLVVLRQZLWK0DULQHU

(18)



0LVVLRQQDPH /DXQFKGDWD *RDO

0DUV -XO\ 0DUVRUELWHU

0DUV $XJXVW 0DUVODQGHU FRQWDFWORVW

0DUV $XJXVW 0DUVÁ\E\ DWWHPSWHGPDUVODQGHU

9LNLQJ $XJXVW 0DUVRUELWHUDQGODQGHU

9LNLQJ 6HSWHPEHU 0DUVRUELWHUDQGODQGHU

3KRERV -XO\ $WWHPSWHGPDUVRUELWHUDQG3KRERVODQGHU

3KRERV -XO\ 0DUVRUELWHUDQGDWWHPSWHG3KRERVODQGHU

0DUV2EVHUYHU 6HSWHPEHU $WWHPSWHGPDUVRUELWHU FRQWDFWORVW 0DUV*OREDO6XUYH\RU 1RYHPEHU 0DUVRUELWHU

0DUV 1RYHPEHU $WWHPSWHGPDUVRUELWHUODQGHUV

0DUV3DWKÀQGHU 'HFHPEHU 0DUVODQGHUDQGURYHU

1R]RPL 3ODQHW% -XO\ 0DUVRUELWHU

0DUV&OLPDWH2UELWHU 'HFHPEHU $WWHPSWHGPDUVRUELWHU 0DUV3RODU/DQGHU -DQXDU\ $WWHPSWHGPDUVODQGHU 'HHS6SDFH '6  -DQXDU\ $WWHPSWHGPDUVSHQHWUDWRUV

0DUV2G\VVH\ $SULO 0DUVRUELWHU

0DUV([SUHVV%HDJOH -XQH 0DUVRUELWHUDQGDWWHPSWHGODQGHU

6SLULW 0(5$ -XQH 0DUVURYHU

2SSRUWXQLW\ 0(5% -XO\ 0DUVURYHU

(19)

Referenties

GERELATEERDE DOCUMENTEN

'HSRVLWHG OD\HU..  WKLVGLVWDQFHDQGRYHUWKHUDQJHRIQPWRQPWKH ODPSJHQHUDWHV“ð  SKRWRQVV  FP  DQGGHOLYHUVDQ LQWHQVLW\RI“ +:FP

WRDOD\HUWKLFNQHVVRIa+  2PROHFXOHV aQP 7DEOH VKRZVDEVRUSWLRQFRHIÀFLHQWVRIZDWHU 7KRPSVRQ HWDO  

) UH T X HQ F\  ) UH T X HQ F\  ..  GDQFHVRIWKH0DUVPDWHULDODUHEURDGO\VLPLODUWRWKDW

&amp;KDSWHU  6DOWWROHUDQWRUJDQLVPVEHORQJLQJWRWKHGRPDLQRI$UFKDHD HYROYHGHDUO\LQ(DUWK·VKLVWRU\ 2UHQ

'H]RHNWRFKWQDDUOHYHQRS0DUVZRUGWRSYHUVFKLOOHQGH PDQLHUHQXLWJHYRHUGGRRUPLGGHOYDQRQGHU]RHNPHWVDWHO  OLHWHQHQODQGHUVPDDURRNPHWEHKXOSYDQVLPXODWLHVHQH[

&amp;XUULFXOXPYLWDH 2SYULMGDJPLGGDJDSULOWLMGHQVKHWNRQLQNOLMNGHÀOpWHUHUHYDQGH VWH 

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden. Downloaded

Organics on Mars : Laboratory studies of organic material under simulated martian conditions.. Kate, Inge