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The social lives of paintings in Sixteenth-Century Venice

Kessel, E.J.M. van

Citation

Kessel, E. J. M. van. (2011, December 1). The social lives of paintings in Sixteenth-Century Venice. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/18182

Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown)

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden

Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/18182

Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable).

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S t e l l i n g e n

P r o p o s i t i o n s

behorende bij het proefschrift / with the PhD thesis

The Social Lives of Paintings in Sixteenth-Century Venice

door / by

Elsje van Kessel

1. Schilderijen in zestiende-eeuws Venetië hadden sociale levens in de zin dat ze, in de theatrale samenleving die Venetië was, net als mensen rollen speelden die in hoge mate werden bepaald door de vaststaande scenario’s van de kerkelijke liturgie, het Petrarchisme en de hoofse liefde, en de riten van de staat.

In the theatrical society that was sixteenth-century Venice, paintings had social lives. Like human beings, they played roles determined by the fixed scenarios of church liturgy, Petrarchism and courtly love, and the rites of the Venetian state.

2. De grote levensechtheid van Venetiaanse zestiende-eeuwse schilderijen is zowel een schilderkunstige als een literaire topos, die tegelijkertijd uiting gaf aan en een voedingsbodem was voor de sociale levens die deze schilderijen leidden.

The striking lifelikeness of Venetian sixteenth-century paintings should be seen as both a painterly and a literary topos, that at the same time was an expression of and a breeding ground for the social lives that these paintings were living.

3. In zestiende-eeuwse bronnen over schilderijen rijst Titiaan op als de archetypische demiurg, de goddelijke schepper die zijn schepsels leven inblaast. In het geheel van deze bronnen speelt de kunstenaar echter een relatief ondergeschikte rol.

In sixteenth-century sources about painting, Titian comes to the fore as the archetypal demiurge, the divine creator who breathes life into his creations. However, in the totality of these sources the artists plays a relatively minor role.

4. Wonderbaarlijke Christusafbeeldingen, iconoclasme, graffiti en portretten van aanbeden vrouwen in de privésfeer zijn in zestiende-eeuws Venetië allemaal verschijningsvormen van hetzelfde: namelijk het geloof dat afbeeldingen de wereld kunnen veranderen.

In sixteenth-century Venice, miraculous images of Christ, iconoclasm, graffiti and portraits of beloved women in the private sphere are all manifestations of the same thing: the belief that images can change the world.

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5. In vroegmodern Europa waren de beeldende kunsten niet autonoom, maar juist volledig verankerd in de maatschappij. Om deze kunsten te kunnen begrijpen is het dus noodzakelijk ze in hun maatschappelijke context te bestuderen.

In early modern Europe, the visual arts were not autonomous, but rather fully anchored in society. To be able to understand these arts it is therefore vital to study them in their social context.

6. Het bestaan van autonome kunst is een mythe.

The existence of autonomous art is a myth.

7. ‘Contemporary Western common sense, building on various historical traditions in philosophy, law, and natural science, has a strong tendency to oppose “words” and “things”. [...] Yet, in many historical societies, things have not been so divorced from the capacity of persons to act and the power of words to

communicate.’ – Arjun Appadurai, The Social Life of Things (1986).

De hedendaagse Westerse mens heeft misschien wel minder de neiging om “woorden” en “daden” van

“dingen” te scheiden dan hij van zichzelf denkt.

Contemporary Western man may actually have less of a tendency to dissociate “words” and “actions” from

“things” than he would think.

8. Geschiedenis beoefenen is het zo goed mogelijk proberen te begrijpen wat mensen in het verleden heeft bewogen.

Practising history is trying as well as possible to understand what stirred people from the past.

9. Dat Nederland eind 2010 een aandeel van 86,6 % mannelijke hoogleraren kende (peildatum 31 december 2010, bron: VSNU) laat zien dat het voor vrouwen nog altijd veel te moeilijk is om het hoogste wetenschappelijke ambt te bereiken.

The fact that at the end of 2010 86.6% of all full professors in The Netherlands were male (reference date 31 December 2010, source: VSNU) shows that it is still much too difficult for women to make it to the highest academic position.

10. De recente reeks van schandalen in hoger onderwijs en wetenschap (onterecht toegekende diploma’s; vervalste onderzoeksresultaten) bewijzen het failliet van de bedrijfskundige benadering van de universiteit.

The recent series of scandals in Dutch higher education and academic world (undeservedly awarded diplomas; falsification of scientific results) demonstrates the bankruptcy of a businesslike approach to the university.

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