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Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences

Cancer Excercise/ Rehabilitation Programs

health care settings Stuiver, Martijn M

Publication date 2018

Document Version Final published version

Link to publication

Citation for published version (APA):

Stuiver, M. M. (2018). Cancer Excercise/ Rehabilitation Programs: health care settings.

Abstract from ACSM International Multidisciplinary Roundtable on Exercise and Cancer, San Francisco.

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Download date:26 Nov 2021

(2)

Martijn M Stuiver PhD PT

m.stuiver@nki.nl

Cancer Excercise/ Rehabilitation Programs

health care settings

(3)

Outline

oCancer Rehabilitation in the Netherlands

o Short History

o Current situation

oCancer Rehabilitation International – Survey results

o Discussion points

(4)

Cancer rehabilitation in the Netherlands

Healthcare settings

(5)

A short history of cancer rehabilitation in the Netherlands

RECOVERY & BALANCE

1996

(6)

Recovery & Balance

o Group program

o Individually tailored o Gym-based exercise o Sports and play

o Psychoeducation / CBT

RECOVERY & BALANCE

1996

(7)

Recovery & Balance

o 2001: Quality system

• Training

• Licensing

• Web-based quality monitor

o Highly valued by patients

o Reimbursed by some insurers (additional insurance)

RECOVERY & BALANCE

1996

(8)

A short history of cancer rehabilitation in the Netherlands

2006

1st REQUEST FOR REIMBURSEMENT BASIC INSURANCE

RECOVERY & BALANCE

1996

(9)

2006

1st REQUEST FOR REIMBURSEMENT BASIC INSURANCE

DENIED

RECOVERY & BALANCE

1996

Samenvatting

Verzoek om pakketbeoordeling

In dit rapport gaat het CVZ in op het verzoek van de Stichting Herstel & Balans om te beoordelen of het oncologisch revalidatieprogramma Herstel & Balans als te verzekeren prestatie in de Zorgverzekeringswet (Zvw) kan worden opgenomen.

Wat is Herstel en Balans?

Herstel en Balans is een multidisciplinair programma met fysieke en psychosociale onderdelen voor personen van 18 jaar of ouder die een vorm van kanker hebben (gehad). Zij moeten de primaire behandelingen hebben afgerond, uitzicht hebben op langdurig herstel en last hebben van lichamelijke of psychische en sociale beperkingen.

Conclusie CVZ

Verzekerde zorg op bepaald onderdeel

De conclusie van het CVZ is dat het programma op een bepaald onderdeel al als een in de Zvw opgenomen te verzekeren prestatie is aan te merken. Het gaat hierbij om het fysio- of oefentherapeutische onderdeel dat vanaf de negende zitting verzekerde Zvw-zorg is voor personen die Herstel en Balans volgen met een indicatie voor fysio- of oefentherapie ter behandeling van de specifiek op de zogenaamde ‘chronische lijst fysiotherapie’ opgenomen aandoeningen ‘lymfoedeem’ en

‘status na opname in een ziekenhuis’.

Onvoldoende informatie beschikbaar voor pakketbeoordeling

Het CVZ komt tot de conclusie dat het integrale programma Herstel en Balans op dit moment niet in het pakket moet worden opgenomen. Er zullen eerst meer gegevens beschikbaar moeten komen om de effectiviteit te kunnen beoordelen en om tot een gevalideerde uitspraak te kunnen komen over de kosteneffectiviteit op de korte en lange termijn.

Zodra die er zijn, is het CVZ bereid een eventueel nieuw verzoek van de Stichting Herstel & Balans tot opname van het programma in het pakket in behandeling te nemen.

Nadere onderzoeks- gegevens

Het CVZ wil daarbij resultaten betrekken van onderzoek naar het mogelijk tekortschieten van de geneeskundige zorg en specifiek de oncologische behandeling in het bieden van begeleiding en nazorg van de patiënt.

Standaard- procedure

Het CVZ geeft in dit rapport uitleg over de standaardprocedure die hij bij een pakketbeoordeling volgt: Hij verduidelijkt het pakket eerst op basis van bestaande wet- en regelgeving en jurisprudentie en vervolgens kijkt hij of de zorgvorm of interventie volgens de vier principes noodzakelijkheid, effectiviteit, kosteneffectiviteit en uitvoerbaarheid deel moet uitmaken van het te verzekeren pakket?

Duidelijk pakket?

Voor de pakketverduidelijking heeft het CVZ de fysieke onderdelen getoetst aan de in artikel 2.4 van het Besluit zorgverzekeringen (Bzv) opgenomen geneeskundige zorg en de in artikel 2.6 van het Bzv opgenomen paramedische zorg.

Het CVZ concludeert dat de fysieke onderdelen van het programma geen geneeskundige zorg betreffen en dat dit, zoals hierboven aangegeven, voor wat betreft het fysio- of oefentherapeutische onderdeel van de fysieke component voor bepaalde personen wel het geval is.

General exercise not considered “healthcare”

PT already (partially) insured when needed

Insufficient evidence that multimodal approach is necessary and effective

Dutch Healthcare Institute Recommendation

(10)

Recovery and Balance

o Dissemination 1996-2010

• 68 locations in Netherlands and Belgium

• 2000-2500

participants/year

RECOVERY & BALANCE

1996

(11)

A short history of cancer rehabilitation in the Netherlands

2006

1st REQUEST FOR REIMBURSEMENT BASIC INSURANCE

2007 & 2008

2 PhD THESES ON THE PROGRAM

2009

2ND REQUEST FOR REIMBURSEMENT

RECOVERY & BALANCE

1996

DENIED

(12)

28101920 1

Oncologische revalidatie

Samenvatting

Oncologische revalidatie

Oncologische zorg

Geneeskundige zorg

Het College voor zorgverzekeringen (CVZ) neemt in dit rapport een st andpunt in over oncologische revalidatie en specifieke oncologische revalidatieprogramm a’s als Herst el en Balans.

Het CVZ beoordeelt of oncologische revalidatie en

programm a’s als Herst el en Balans zijn aan te m erken als t e verzekeren prest aties op grond van de Zvw.

Het CVZ st elt zich op het st andpunt dat zorg gericht op de functionele, fysieke, psychische en sociale problemen verbonden m et kanker, waaronder begrepen nazorg en revalidatie, onderdeel uitm aakt van de oncologische zorg. Het gaat hierbij om het geven van advies en waar nodig

begeleiding bij het omgaan m et de ziekt e (coping), herst el, conditieverbet ering en het werken aan het in st and houden van de conditie.

Oncologische revalidatie betreft oncologische zorg en daarm ee geneeskundige zorg zoals medisch-specialist en die plegen t e bieden en voldoet aan de stand van de wetenschap en praktijk (art . 2.1, lid 2 en 2.4, lid 1 Bzv). Oncologische revalidatie is daarm ee een t e verzekeren prest atie in t erm en van de Zvw.

Oncologische int erventies m oet en gericht zijn op alle fasen waarin een kankerpatiënt zich kan bevinden en per patiënt en per ziekt efase m oet bepaald worden welke int erventie het m eest aangewezen is. De intra- en int erindividuele variatie vraagt om zoveel m ogelijk op m aat gegeven oncologische zorg.

In individueel geïndiceerde gevallen kan bij kanker naast de oncologische zorg ook fysiot herapie, oefent herapie of psychologische zorg worden geboden. Deze zorg kan te verzekeren zorg zijn.

Programma’s niet evidence based

Om dat er onvoldoende evidence is over de werkzaamheid en effectiviteit van specifieke oncologische

revalidatieprogramm a’s als Herst el en Balans st elt het CVZ zich op het standpunt dat deze programma’s niet zijn aan t e m erken als t e verzekeren prestatie.

1 . Inleiding

Standpuntbepaling Pakketadvies 2 0 07

In het Pakket advies 2007 is het st andpunt van het CVZ opgenom en over het oncologische revalidatieprogramma Herst el en Balans.

Op verzoek van de Stichting Herst el & Balans heeft het CVZ t oen beoordeeld of het programma Herst el en Balans als t e verzekeren prest atie in het basispakket van de

Dutch Healthcare Institute Recommendation

Cancer rehabilitation should be part of cancer care, according to current state of science and

practice, and is as such eligible for reimbursement

The best intervention in every phase of the disease should be determined for every individual patient.

2009

2ND REQUEST FOR REIMBURSEMENT

DENIED

(13)

2009

2ND REQUEST FOR REIMBURSEMENT

DENIED

2011

GUIDELINE

ONCOLOGY REHABILITATION

A short history of cancer rehabilitation in the Netherlands

o Screening and referral o Triage:

• Single problem

☞ Primary care

• Multiple problems

☞ Oncology Rehabilitation

• Complex problems

☞ Rehabilitation Medicine (in-patient)

o Modular approach

• Exercise as a cornerstone

(14)

Single problem: Physical Activity

KNGF Standard Exercise Intervention Oncology

o After treatment completion For survivors with:

o Diminished activity level:

• Not able to comply with activity guidelines

• Not able to achieve desired activity level

o Fatigue and/ or declined physical fitness and not able to self

manage

(15)

2009

2ND REQUEST FOR REIMBURSEMENT

DENIED

2011

GUIDELINE

ONCOLOGY REHABILITATION

A short history of cancer rehabilitation in the Netherlands

A-CARE STUDIES

(16)

Onconet (2010-2015)

oRegional network of physical therapists, trained to deliver the exercise intervention in the PACES study

1

during chemotherapy

oSelected PTs with prior oncology training or experience oTwo-day training

oWebsite for easy referral by trial coordinators

o Average costs per patient $925,-

1 van Waart H, Stuiver MM, van Harten WH, et al. BMC Cancer 2010;10:673.

(17)

2009

2ND REQUEST FOR REIMBURSEMENT

DENIED

2011

GUIDELINE

ONCOLOGY REHABILITATION

A short history of cancer rehabilitation in the Netherlands

2015-2017

UPDATE OF THE GUIDELINE

National Healthcare Institute issues statement on rehabilitation medicine,

stating that cancer

rehabilitation is not a “unique entity”

A-CARE STUDIES

(18)

Current interpretation of cancer rehabilitation in the Dutch guideline

o For patients (at risk for) problems in functioning in multiple areas: physically, cognitive, emotional of social and/or role functioning

1. problems are interrelated AND

2. an interdisciplinary treatment plan is needed

o Criteria for #2 are unclear

o In practice a physiatrist must be involved for reimbursement

o This interpretation qualifies only +/- 5% of the cancer population for fully

reimbursed rehabilitation

(19)

Triage

www.oncoline.nl

(20)

Onconet 2018

o475 PT locations throughout the Netherlands

oDelivering exercise interventions during and/or after treatment

(21)

Registering with Onconet

o Basic oncology

o Working mechanisms of medical treatment o Side effects of medical treatment

o Fatigue and Distress

o Exercise physiology in oncology

Modular education, 67 hours in total, over 4 courses Completed 1st year of MSc Oncological Physiotherapy OR

o Exercise testing and exercise prescription o Group management

o Behavior change interventions o Use of PROs

o Dealing with comorbidity

o Clinical reasoning

(22)

Staying registered with Onconet

Minimum of 2 mandatory refresher courses in three years

• Refreshing basic principles

• Update on latest relevant research evidence

• Additional topic, e.g. Nutrition, use of E- health etc.

• Large groups, interactives via Kahoot

(23)

Reimbursement

• Cancer Rehabilitation : fully reimbursed through basic insurance

• But only for the most serious cases

• Physiotherapy led exercise interventions:

• Reimbursed partially through additional insurance

• Reimbursed through basic insurance from 21st treatment

(24)

Cancer exercise/rehabilitation programs international

Healthcare settings

(25)

Method

• E-survey, distributed via open link through…

• ACSM

• IPT/ HOPE

• Livestrong

• Known opinion leaders and researchers

• “Snowball sampling”

• Healthcare settings:

• Delivered (also) in healthcare institute

• Delivered by healthcare provider (e.g. PT or nurse)

• Financed via healthcare system (provider, insurance, government)

CAVEAT

(26)

Response regions (n=181 responses)

(27)

Based on guideline

(28)

Based on ACSM roundtable 2010 (n = 99)

(29)

Treatment phase

88

154 157

97

45

(30)

Intervention components (n=182)

median n= 4 (1-12)

(31)

Multidisciplinary?

• 72 programs > 1 supervisor

• 22 programs > 2

• 35 programs included occupational therapy

• 29 programs self report multidisciplinary team

(32)

Behavioral techniques (n=130)

median 5 (1-8)

o Social gatherings o Education

o Information on community resources

(33)

Program evaluation (n=132)

(34)

Outcomes used (n=49)

(35)

Barriers (n=43)

(36)

Tolerability

“Difficult when patient is still undergoing chemo or radiation related to access, availability and endurance;

each patient's program has been individualized”

“Sometimes patients are very ill and struggle to come to sessions”

(37)

Awareness and uptake

“Encouraging participation with patients who think they aren't well

enough to participate.” “Getting others, outside of Inpatient Rehab to realize the benefit of a Cancer

Rehab Program, for either inpatient or outpatient”

“The uptake by self-employed people is less, because of the admission. Also, people sometimes do not participate

because they don't want to feel a patient anymore.”

(38)

Other barriers

” [achieving] long-term adoption (post-program maintenance) is a challenge. Some groups continue to exercise together in private fitness centres, but the lack of

professional supervision and structured programs appear

to constitute barriers.”

(39)

Financial barriers

“It is fee-for-service (unfortunately). This is our biggest barrier and challenge. However, nothing else exists of this quality for all cancer survivors that is fully funded, so there is

a huge need for programs like ours.”

“Most health funds require patients to attend

for 90mins worth of therapy”

(40)

Example of successful implementation:

Cancer rehabilitation in Germany

oMultidisciplinary cancer rehabilitation is a standard option for all patients after treatment

oAwareness of referring professions

oReimbursement is secured because it is rooted in legislation

oCooperative model with post-rehab referral to

rehabilitation sportsclasses, with cheap extended

membership

(41)

Example of successful implementation:

Cancer rehabilitation in Germany

o +/- 165.000 per year ( ! " of eligible population) o Average costs $ 3385,- per patient

oCons:

• Rehabilitation is in-patient only

• Lower uptake among self-employed survivors, or those who don’t want to be a patient anymore

• No freedom of choice for location

• Not all sports supervisors for the sportsclasses have

sufficient knowledge of cancer(treatment)

(42)

Costs (range international)

• $5 - $140 per session for the participant

• $5000 - $ 320,000 yearly costs to administer the program

• Personnel

• Equipment

• Facility

• Training of staff

• Certification

(43)

Finances – the biggest pittfall?

o Even succesfull programs have tripped over finances being denied or revoked, or fees being asked from patients

o In countries where rehabilitation is a right by law, cancer rehabilitation is succesfully implemented, but:

• Not all patients or survivors meet the criteria for rehabilitation reimbursement

• Not all patients need or want the extensive (often in patient) programs that are offered

• Less complex and cheaper programs seem to have more financial barriers, as they are not

recognized as healthcare

(44)

How to move forward?

o Decrease the financial barriers

CPerform studies on cost-effectiveness of various rehabilitation approaches, from a societal perspective, to support reimbursement

o Reach consensus on what should be considered

a) Cancer Rehabilitation

b) Exercise interventions as supportive care in cancer – including but not limited to therapeutic exercises

c) Exercise as self care / lifestyle program for cancer survivors

o Reach consensus about competencies needed to deliver a), b) and c)

CEstablishing quality criteria and manageable quality systems

CRecognizing that improved capacity does not equal improved performance

CRecognizing that functional impairments may need to be addressed in addition to physical fitness

(45)

“Cancer rehabilitation and cancer exercise are 2 different things.

Therapeutic Exercise is a tool that rehab therapists use to treat many of the

musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, integumentary and functional problems associated with cancer and cancer treatment.

Patients should first be examined and evaluated (and treated if necessary) by a

physical therapist prior to starting a community based exercise program.”

(46)

How to move forward? (2)

o Develop and implement collaborative models to easily provide high quality

matched care AND easy transition into community services that support a healthy lifestyle

o Continue efforts to improve awareness

C researchers should also be actively involved in policy making and implementation

(47)

Thank you

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