University of Groningen
Novel proton and metal-ion conducting polymers and block copolymers
Viviani, Marco
DOI:
10.33612/diss.156496098
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Publication date: 2021
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Viviani, M. (2021). Novel proton and metal-ion conducting polymers and block copolymers. University of Groningen. https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.156496098
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Novel proton and metal-ion
conducting polymers and
block copolymers
Novel proton and metal-ion conducting polymers and block copolymers
Marco Viviani PhD Thesis
University of Groningen
February 2021
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Ph.D. thesis series 2021-05 ISSN: 1570-1530
The work described in this thesis was performed in the research group Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. This work was financially supported by the Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials.
Dutch summary by: Annemarie M.C. Maan
Cover by: Proefscriftmachen || www.proefschriftmachen.nl Printed by: Proefscriftmachen || www.proefschriftmachen.nl Copyright © 2021 Marco Viviani
Novel proton and metal-ion
conducting polymers and
block copolymers
PhD thesis
to obtain the degree of PhD at the
University of Groningen
on the authority of the
Rector Magnificus Prof. C. Wijmenga
and in accordance with
the decision by the College of Deans.
This thesis will be defended in public on
Tuesday 16 February 2021 at 11.00 hours
by
Marco Viviani
born on 5 July 1987
in San Miniato, Italy
Supervisor
Prof. K. Loos
Co-supervisor
Dr. G. Portale
Assessment Committee
Prof. M.M.G. Kamperman
Prof. F. Picchioni
Dr. Habil. C. Iojoiu
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction ... 1
1.1. Proton-conducting polymers and solid polymer electrolytes ... 7
1.2. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) ... 8
1.2.1. Proton conduction mechanism in hydrated acid membranes ... 11
1.2.2. Low-temperature proton exchange membrane (LT-PEM) ... 13
1.2.3. Intermediate temperature proton exchange membrane (IT-PEM)... 21
1.2.3.1. Sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfide sulfones) (sPSS) and sulfonated polyphenylene sulfone (sPSO2) promising ionomer candidates ... 23
1.2.3.2. Sulfonated aromatic block copolymers (sABCP)... 29
1.2.4. High-temperature proton exchange membrane (HT-PEM) ... 37
1.2.5. Proton conduction mechanism in PBI-PA polymer electrolytes systems ... 38
1.3. Solid polymer electrolytes for lithium and magnesium batteries ... 49
1.3.1. Ion conduction mechanism in SPE ... 50
1.3.2. General requirements for SPE ... 53
1.3.3. Lithium solid polymer electrolytes ... 57
1.3.4. Magnesium solid polymer electrolytes... 63
1.3.5. Alternative chemistries ... 65
1.4. Aim of the present work ... 67
1.5. References ... 69
Chapter 2 Structural transitions during film formation of proton conducting polymers... 85
2.1. Introduction ... 86
2.2. Experimental section ... 87
2.3. Results and discussion... 92
II
2.5. References ... 116
Chapter 3 Proton conducting ABA triblock copolymers with sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) midblock obtained via copper-free thiol-click chemistry ... 119
3.1. Introduction ... 120
3.2. Experimental Section ... 121
3.3. Results and Discussion ... 128
3.4. Conclusions ... 141
3.5. References ... 143
Chapter 4 Highly stable membranes of poly(phenylene sulfide benzimidazole) cross-linked with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes for high-temperature proton transport ... 147
4.1. Introduction ... 148
4.2. Experimental section ... 150
4.3. Results and discussion... 154
4.4. Conclusions ... 166
4.5. References ... 168
Chapter 5 Lithium and magnesium polymeric electrolytes using poly(glycidyl ether)-based polymers with short grafted chains ... 173
5.1. Introduction ... 174
5.2. Experimental section ... 176
5.3. Result and discussion ... 179
5.4. Conclusions ... 189
5.5. References ... 191
Summary ... 195
Samenvatting ... 199
