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Cover Page The following handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/81578

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The following handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation:

http://hdl.handle.net/1887/81578

Author: Swierts, T.

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DIVERSITY IN THE GLOBALLY INTERTWINED

GIANT BARREL SPONGE SPECIES COMPLEX

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This Ph.D. research was made possible with financial support of: The Dutch Research Council (NWO)

Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)

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DIVERSITY IN THE GLOBALLY INTERTWINED

GIANT BARREL SPONGE SPECIES COMPLEX

Proefschrift

Ter verkrijging van

de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker,

volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op dinsdag 17 december 2019

klokke 10:00 uur

door

Thomas Swierts geboren te Amsterdam

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Dr. D.F.R. Cleary (University of Aveiro)

PROMOTIECOMMISSIE

Prof. Dr. A. Tukker (Universiteit Leiden) - Voorzitter Prof. Dr. Ir. M. G. Vijver (Universiteit Leiden) - Secretaris

Prof. Dr. J. C. Biesmeijer (Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Universiteit Leiden) Dr. D. E. Rozen (Universiteit Leiden)

Prof. Dr. J. Pawlik (UNC Wilmington)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 General introduction 7

Section one: Genetics

Chapter 2 Globally intertwined evolutionary history of giant barrel sponges 21 Chapter 3 Two differently colored giant barrel sponge species in 41

Tanzania merge when they grow against each other Section two: Prokaryotes

Chapter 4 Prokaryotic communities of Indo-Pacific giant barrel sponges are 47 more strongly influenced by geography than host phylogeny

Chapter 5 Impacts of host identity and geography on the prokaryotic 69 community of giant barrel sponges at multiple spatial scales

Section three: Reef Interactions

Chapter 6 The sponge microbiome within the greater coral reef 117 microbial metacommunity

Chapter 7 The giant barrel sponge facilitates the recovery of 147 coral fragments after a tropical storm in Taiwan

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