L i th f ti

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L i th f ti

Leveraging the power of aggregation to achieve an enhanced research

i t

environment

IFLA Presidential Meeting 2010 g

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“Wiki di i th G t b i ti

“Wikipedia is the Gutenberg printing press of the 21

^st

century” - Anon

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Wisdom of Crowds

(Collective Intelligence) (Collective Intelligence)

h i d f C d

• The Wisdom of Crowds by James Surowiecki

• Infotopia

- How many minds produce knowledge y p g

by Cass Sunstein

“Under the right circumstances groups e em k bl intelligent nd often are remarkably intelligent, and often smarter than the best person in them”

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The Madness of Crowds The Madness of Crowds

E t di P l D l i d th M d

• Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds by Charles MacKay

• Nietzsche: “Madness is the exception in i di id l b t th l i ”

individuals but the rule in groups”.

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The Web is multi-directional The Web is multi directional

• Greater focus on content users create and choices & preferences they make

• User contribution increasingly important

Contrib ted e plicitl b indi id als

• Contributed explicitly by individuals

• Implicitly - usage data captured by the system (‘clickstreams’)

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Implicit user contribution Implicit user contribution

• Circulation data

• Actions

It i d

• Item viewed

• Item downloaded

• Item sent

• Item bookmarked

• Item printed

• Item stored

• Clickstreams, recording a search process

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Great interest in usage-based measures Great interest in usage-based measures

• COUNTER – www.projectcounter.org

SUSHI www niso org/workrooms/sushi

• SUSHI - www.niso.org/workrooms/sushi

• JISC MOSAIC – www.sero.co.uk/jisc-mosaic.html

• Metrics for scholarly evaluation:

– UKSG Usage Factors project - uksg.org/usagefactors

– Project MESUR - www.mesur.org

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B ll J V d S l H H b A B tt t L Ch t R t l (2009)

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Bollen J, Van de Sompel H, Hagberg A, Bettencourt L, Chute R, et al. (2009) Clickstream Data Yields High-Resolution Maps of Science.

PLoS ONE 4(3): e4803. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004803

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Potential uses of implicit contribution Potential uses of implicit contribution

• Collection development

• Evaluation

• Trend analysis

Relevance ranking

• Relevance ranking

• Recommendations

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Recommenders are everywhere Recommenders are everywhere

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iTunes

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So why not here?

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Library Book Recommendations

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http://library.hud.ac.uk/data/usagedata/

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Scholarly Recommender Service Scholarly Recommender Service

Need to:

– Focus on scholarly materials – particularly articles (core unit of use)

– Be based on structural analysis of usage and not just based on popularity

not just based on popularity

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bX from Ex Libris bX from Ex Libris

• A service which taps into the power of the

k d h l l i

networked scholarly community to generate recommendations based on article usage Based on data mining and structural analysis of

• Based on data mining and structural analysis of aggregated usage data, across libraries and scholarly information environments

scholarly information environments

– Massive repository of user data - growing

• Derives from research done at Los Alamos

National Laboratory by Johan Bollen and Herbert Van de Sompel

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bX Research bX Research

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More about bX More about bX

• Built on the OpenURL Framework: p

– Harvesting usage log files from link resolvers (SFX)

• Using OpenURL context-object format

• Using OAI-PMH protocol for harvesting

• Building a (very large) aggregate of usage data

• Mining the aggregate to derive scholarly recommender services

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Recommendations in Primo

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What do users say?

“JSTOR meets Amazon!?”

ELUNA twitterer - ELUNA twitterer

“On May 5, Ex Libris rolled out the shiny new fabulousness that is bX (turns) the Services Menu into a point of that is bX. … (turns) the Services Menu into a point-of- need discovery tool. I think this is awesome. ”

- Jamene Brooks-Kieffer, Kansas State Univ.

“I found exactly what I wanted. I've already found even more relevant articles in 10 minutes than I've found in the last 10 months using more traditional methods of research ”

10 months using more traditional methods of research.

- Ph.D. student, Arizona State University

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“The Web, they say, is leaving the era of search and entering one of discovery What's the

and entering one of discovery. What s the

difference? Search is what you do when you're looking for something. Discovery is when g g y

something wonderful that you didn't know existed, or didn't know how to ask for, finds

“ you.“

Jeffrey M. O’Brien, "The race to create a 'smart' Google“

http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive /2006/11/27/8394347/

/2006/11/27/8394347/

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Simple Fast Easy Simple, Fast, Easy

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Scholarly search today Scholarly search today

Users expect:

– A compelling and intuitive interface

– Single search across multiple types of metadata – Single search across multiple types of metadata

(representing all of the library’s collections) Excellent response time

– Excellent response time

– Excellent relevance ranking

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Metasearch

(aka Federated Search) (aka Federated Search)

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Today’s environment Today s environment

• Technology has improved dramatically Technology has improved dramatically

• Information providers are keen to enhance and promote the discoverability of their

collections

• Time to build mega-aggregates of content—

wisely and carefully wisely and carefully

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Wisely and carefully?

• Remember who the user is

• Build scholarly offering around institutional nucleus

nucleus

• Help the user focus

• Complement searching with additional tools such as recommendations and links to

such as recommendations and links to related materials

• Provide relevant services

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Federated Search

(aka ‘Web Scale’ Discovery) (aka Web-Scale Discovery)

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P i C l Primo Central

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From the Field

From the Field….

• ‘Returning the Researcher to the Library’ ( ^Recent

Library Journal webinar title )

• ‘Get better value out of our resources that don’t start with the letter “A”’ ( Ron Berry, Grand Valley State

)

University )

• ‘Casts a wider net: more results from greater breadth with facets narrowing to the most breadth, with facets narrowing to the most

appropriate resources’ ( Ron Berry, Grand Valley State University )

University )

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Thank You!

Jenny Walker

jenny.b.walker@gmail.com

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