De informatierevolutie:
de renaissance van een
utopie?
Technologisch determinisme
Technology marches in seven-league boots from one
ruthless, revolutionary conquest to another, tearing down old factories and industries, flinging up new processes with
terrifying rapidity.
― Charles A. Beard, 1927
•
Harde determinisme: technologie evolueert op een
autonome manier en bepaalt de vorm van de maatschappij
•
Zachte determinisme: technologie interageert met socio-politieke krachten om de maatschappij te laten evolueren
All-cause mortality, ages 45–54 for US White non-Hispanics (USW), US Hispanics (USH), and six comparison countries: France (FRA), Germany (GER), the United Kingdom (UK), Canada
(CAN), Australia (AUS), and Sweden (SWE).
Anne Case, and Angus Deaton PNAS 2015;112:15078-15083
Mortality by cause, white non-Hispanics ages 45–54.
Anne Case, and Angus Deaton PNAS 2015;112:15078-15083
Technologische versnelling:
het einde van het begin?
Artificiële intelligentie
•
Weak AI: Gespecialiseerde taken
•
Artificial General Intelligence: Kan gevarieerde taken
autonoom leren
Frey & Osborne
The Future of Employment 2013
The Luddite fallacy
•
Met technologie worden bestaande goederen goedkoper
•
Noden kunnen vervuld worden die daarvoor niet vervuld geraakten
•
Nieuw jobs ontstaan
•
Op termijn, neutraal voor werkgelegenheid en verhoging van welvaart
The Luddite fallacy?
Protection of Stocking Frames, etc. Act 1788
Luddites 1811-1816
Cognitive machines
Grote hoeveelheden gegevens Ongestructureerde gegevens Natuurlijke taal
WhatsApp 2014 = 55 employees = 400,000,000 users = $19,000,000,000
Zelfrijdende wagens en vrachtwagens
•
Zelfrijdende wagens
o Geen nood meer om persoonlijk eigenaar te zijn van een wagen
o Functionaliteit gecombineerd met dienst op aanvraag (à la Uber)
o Risico op mono/oligopolie
o Eerste bedrijf met marktcapitalisatie >$1.000.000.000 ?
•
Zelfrijdende vrachtwagens
De informatierevolutie:
Een historisch precedent
The more secretive or unjust an organization is, the more
leaks induce fear and paranoia in its leadership and planning coterie. This must result in minimization of efficient internal communications mechanisms (an increase in cognitive
‘secrecy tax’) and consequent system-wide cognitive decline resulting in decreased ability to hold onto power as the
environment demands adaptation.
Code is law
Lawrence Lessig, Harvard Magazine, 2000 Architecture Law N orms Ma rke ts
Job
Identity
Work
Revenue
Basisinkomen?
Le travail éloigne de nous trois grands maux : l'ennui, le vice et le besoin
Wat is geld?
1.
Ruilmiddel (medium of exchange)
2.
Rekeneenheid (unit of account)
Coordinatie
Milton Friedman, 1980
Is technologie moreel neutraal?
I think that technologies are morally neutral until we apply
them. It's only when we use them for good or for evil that they become good or evil.
Ideally, science should be applied by humanists. In this case it would be good. In actual fact it is more likely to be applied by economists, and so to turn out, if not wholly bad, at any rate a very mixed blessing. It rests with us and our
descendants to decide whether we shall use the
unprecedented power which science gives us for good or for bad purposes. It is in our hands to choose wisely or unwisely. Alas, that wisdom should be so much harder to come by than knowledge!
Science in itself is morally neutral; it comes good or evil as it is applied.
― Aldous Huxley, 1933
Is technologie moreel neutraal?
For mechanical arts are of ambiguous use, serving as well for hurt as for remedy, and they have in a manner power both to loose and bind themselves.
Geld is vertrouwen
The circulation of confidence is better than the circulation of money.
Geld is vertrouwen
Money is a store of trust: it arbitrates between individual needs and desires by coordinating the division of labor and the allocation of resources in a delayed and
Naar een posthumanisme?
Man by the Fall, fell at the same time from his state of
innocence and from his dominion over creation. Both of these losses can in this life be in some part repaired; the former by religion and faith, the latter by arts and science.
