• No results found

Refinement of antisense oligonucleotide mediated exon skipping as therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy Heemskerk, J.A.

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Refinement of antisense oligonucleotide mediated exon skipping as therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy Heemskerk, J.A."

Copied!
11
0
0

Bezig met laden.... (Bekijk nu de volledige tekst)

Hele tekst

(1)

Refinement of antisense oligonucleotide mediated exon skipping as therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Heemskerk, J.A.

Citation

Heemskerk, J. A. (2011, October 26). Refinement of antisense

oligonucleotide mediated exon skipping as therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/17986

Version: Corrected Publisher’s Version

License: Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden

Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/17986

Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if

applicable).

(2)

Chapter 4 Pre-clinical PK and PD studies on 2’O- methyl-phosphorothioate RNA antisense oligonucleotides in the mdx mouse model

Heemskerk H

1

, de Winter CL

1

, van Kuik-Romeijn P

2

, Heuvelmans N

2

, Sabatelli P

3,4

, Rimessi P

3

, Braghetta P

5

, van Ommen GJB

1

, de Kimpe S

2

, Ferlini A

3

, van Deutekom JCT

2

and Aartsma-Rus A

1

1

Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands

2

Prosensa Therapeutics, the Netherlands

3

Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, Italy

4

IGM-CNR, Unit of Bologna c/o IOR, Italy

5

Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnology, University of

Padova, Italy

Molecular Therapy (2010) 18(6), 1210-7

(3)
(4)

.0*(*-%+!%01*&+'

%&%$! 333",.+'&2+%01)'0%/4".0(!!420#!%,!12#!*"!%&%$5%&%+!/31.!&$%$!!!!

t$M]Z$9bZg^XVc$LdX^Zin$d[$@ZcZ$%$<Zaa$M]ZgVen

9ci^hZchZ$da^\dcjXaZdi^YZh$&9HGh'$VgZ$WZ^c\$YZkZadeZY$

Vh$KG9$i]ZgVeZji^X$bdaZXjaZh$[dg$=jX]ZccZ$bjhXjaVg$

Ynhigde]n*$?dg$da^\dcjXaZdi^YZh$l^i]$i]Z$.%)A)bZi]na) e]dhe]dgdi]^dViZ$ &.HFZIL'$KG9$X]Zb^hign($ egdd[$d[$

XdcXZei$ ]Vh$WZZc$dWiV^cZY$ ^c$ eVi^Zci)heZX^#X$ bjhXaZ$

XZaa$XjaijgZh($i]Z$bdjhZ$VcY$Yd\$Y^hZVhZ$bdYZah($VcY$

gZXZcian$Wn$adXVa$VYb^c^higVi^dc$^c$=jX]ZccZ$eVi^Zcih*$

Md$ [jgi]Zg$ ZmeadgZ$ i]Z$ e]VgbVXd`^cZi^X$ &ID'+e]VgbV) XdYncVb^X$ &I='$ egdeZgi^Zh$ d[$ i]^h$ X]Zb^XVa$ XaVhh$ d[$

da^\dcjXaZdi^YZh($ lZ$ eZg[dgbZY$ V$ hZg^Zh$ d[$ egZXa^c^XVa$

hijY^Zh$^c$b^XZ*$M]Z$gZhjaih$YZbdchigViZ$i]Vi$i]Z$$aZkZah$

d[$ da^\dcjXaZdi^YZh$ ^c$ Ynhigde]^c)YZ#X^Zci$ bjhXaZ$

#WZgh$VgZ$bjX]$]^\]Zg$i]Vc$^c$]ZVai]n$#WZgh($aZVY^c\$

id$]^\]Zg$ Zmdc)h`^ee^c\$ aZkZah*$ Ha^\dcjXaZdi^YZ$ aZkZah$

VcY$ ]Va[)a^[Z$ Y^[[ZgZY$ [dg$ heZX^#X$ bjhXaZ$ \gdjeh($ l^i]$

]ZVgi$ bjhXaZ$ h]dl^c\$ i]Z$ adlZhi$ aZkZah$ Wji$ adc\Zhi$

]Va[)a^[Z$ &p02$ YVnh'*$ BcigVkZcdjh$ &^*k*'($ hjWXjiVcZdjh$

&h*X*'($VcY$^cigVeZg^idcZVa$&^*e*'$YZa^kZgn$bZi]dYh$lZgZ$

Y^gZXian$ XdbeVgZY*$ ?dg$ ZVX]$ bZi]dY($ Zmdc)h`^ee^c\$

VcY$ cdkZa$ Ynhigde]^c$ ZmegZhh^dc$ lZgZ$ dWhZgkZY$ ^c$

Vaa$ bjhXaZh($ ^cXajY^c\$ VggZXidg$ e^a^$ hbddi]$ bjhXaZ$ ^c$

h`^c$W^deh^Zh*$9[iZg$^*k*$VYb^c^higVi^dc($i]Z$da^\dcjXaZ) di^YZ$ eZV`$ aZkZah$ ^c$ eaVhbV($ a^kZg($ VcY$ `^YcZn$ lZgZ$

]^\]Zg$ i]Vc$ V[iZg$ h*X*$ dg$ ^*e*$ ^c_ZXi^dch*$ AdlZkZg($ Vh$

i]Z$W^dVkV^aVW^a^in$lVh$h^b^aVg($VcY$i]Z$aZkZah$d[$da^\d) cjXaZdi^YZ($ Zmdc)h`^ee^c\($ VcY$ Ynhigde]^c$ hiZVY^an$

VXXjbjaViZY$ dkZgi^bZ$ V[iZg$ h*X*$ VYb^c^higVi^dc($ lZ$

hZaZXiZY$ i]^h$ eVi^Zci)XdckZc^Zci$ YZa^kZgn$ bZi]dY$ [dg$

[jijgZ$Xa^c^XVa$hijYn$egdidXdah*

CLJLP[LK!(/!DLVYLSILW!(&&/1!HJJLVYLK!)&!?HWJO!(&'&1!VZIRPXOLK!

UTRPTL!(&!3VWPR!(&'&$!KUP0'&$'&).%SY$(&'&$-(

15;86,<+;165

'^( l^o^k^( Zg]( ikh`k^llbo^( ]^m^kbhkZmbhg( h_( fnl\e^( &[^kl( bg(

Cn\a^gg^(fnl\neZk(]rlmkhiar(*CLC+(bl(\Znl^]([r(ma^(]^&\b^g\r(

h_(]rlmkhiabg-(Z(ikhm^bg(maZm(bl(^ll^gmbZe(_hk(ma^(bgm^`kbmr(h_(fnl\e^(

&[^k(f^f[kZg^l/2(Hg(CLC(iZmb^gml-(fnmZmbhgl(bg(ma^(#$#(`^g^-(

fhlmer(]^e^mbhgl(h_(hg^(hk(fhk^(^qhgl(*t83)+-3(]blknim(ma^(hi^g(

k^Z]bg`( _kZf^( h_( ma^( mkZgl\kbim( Zg]( ik^fZmnk^er( Z[hkm( ma^( lrg.

ma^lbl(h_(ma^(]rlmkhiabg(ikhm^bg/4(OZmb^gml(pbma(A^\d^k(fnl\neZk(

]rlmkhiar(lahp(bgm^kf^]bZm^.mh.fbe]^k(ia^ghmri^l(pbma(fhlmer(

ehg`^k.mh.ghkfZe( eb_^( ^qi^\mZg\b^l( pa^g( \hfiZk^]( pbma( CLC(

iZmb^gml/(G^k^-(ma^(fnmZmbhgl(bg(ma^(#$#(`^g^(fZbgmZbg(ma^(hi^g(

k^Z]bg`(_kZf^(Zg](k^lnem(bg(Zg(bgm^kgZeer(mkng\Zm^]([nm(l^fb_ng\.

mbhgZe(]rlmkhiabg/4-5

@gmbl^gl^( heb`hgn\e^hmb]^l( *@NMl+( Zk^( bgghoZmbo^( lrgma^mb\(

]kn`l(\nkk^gmer([^bg`(]^o^ehi^](_hk(ma^(mk^Zmf^gm(h_(CLC/6(AZl^](

hg( li^\b&\( \a^fb\Ze( fh]b&\Zmbhgl( ma^bk( f^\aZgblf( h_( Z\mbhg(

a^k^(bl(ghm(PMZl^(G.f^]bZm^](\e^ZoZ`^(h_(mZk`^m(PM@-([nm(bglm^Z](

bg]n\mbhg(h_(li^\b&\(^qhg.ldbiibg`([r(]blmnk[bg`(^qhg(bg\enlbhg(

lb`gZel(]nkbg`(ik^.fPM@(lieb\bg`/(LnmZmbhg.li^\b&\Zeer(mZk`^m^](

ldbiibg`(h_(2(hk(fhk^(^qhgl(bg(CLC(iZmb^gml(Zeehpl(k^lmhkZmbhg(h_(

ma^(fnmZm^](hi^g(k^Z]bg`(_kZf^-(bgmkh]n\mbhg(h_(gho^e(]rlmkhiabg(

lrgma^lbl-(Zg](\hgo^klbhg(h_(Z(l^o^k^(CLC(bgmh(Z(*fn\a+(fbe]^k(

A^\d^k(fnl\neZk(]rlmkhiar(ia^ghmri^/6

Rph( ]b%^k^gm( @NM( \a^fblmkb^l( Zk^( \nkk^gmer( [^bg`( lmn].

b^]( ^qm^glbo^er( mhpZk]( \ebgb\Ze( Ziieb\Zmbhg<( 3%.%.f^mare.

iahliahkhmabhZm^( *3NL^OQ+( PM@( Zg]( iahliahkh]bZfb]Zm^(

fhkiahebgh( heb`hf^k( *OLN+/7( Ahma( aZo^( [^^g( lahpg( mh( [^(

^%^\mbo^( bg( bg]n\bg`( ^qhg.ldbiibg`( Zg]( ]rlmkhiabg( k^lmhkZmbhg(

bg(\nemnk^](fnl\e^(\^eel(_khf(Z(l^kb^l(h_(CLC(iZmb^gml(pbma(]b_.

_^k^gm(fnmZmbhgl-(bg(ma^(+(.(Zg](mkZgl`^gb\(anfZg(CLC(fhnl^(

fh]^el-(Zg](bg(ma^(CLC(]h`(fh]^e/8x26(O^imb]^(\hgcn`Zm^](OLNl(

p^k^( fhk^( ^$\b^gm( maZg( ma^bk( ng\hgcn`Zm^]( \hngm^kiZkm-( ^li^.

\bZeer(bg(a^Zkm/27-28

@emahn`a(OLN(mZk`^mbg`(fhnl^(^qhg(34(Zii^Zkl(mh([^(fhk^(

^%^\mbo^( maZg( 3NL^OQ-( mabl( ]b%^k^g\^( pZl( ghm( h[l^ko^]( _hk(

anfZg(mZk`^m(^qhgl/7(@NMl(h_([hma(\a^fblmkb^l(mZk`^mbg`(^qhg(62(

p^k^( ^jnZeer( ^$\b^gm( bg( anfZg( ikhh_.h_.\hg\^im( lmn]b^l/29( '^( &klm( mkbZe( bgoheo^]( OPN162( *3NL^OQ+/2;( Ehnk( Cnm\a( CLC(

iZmb^gml(k^\^bo^](Zg(bgmkZfnl\neZk(*b/f/+(bgc^\mbhg(h_(Z(lbg`e^(]hl^(

*1/9(f`+/('^(\hfihng](pZl(lZ_^-(p^ee.mhe^kZm^]-(Zg](^%^\mbo^(bg(

li^\b&\Zeer(bg]n\bg`(^qhg(62(ldbiibg`(Zg](]rlmkhiabg(k^lmhkZmbhg(

!&(($)'&%#$%"$-!3TTLSPLQL!3HWYXSH#CZX"!5LTYLW!MUW!;ZSHT!HTK!5RPTPJHR!9LTLYPJX"!BUXY^UTL!D*#B"!>LPKLT!FTP[LWXPY]!?LKPJHR!5LTYLW"!BA!4U\!/,&&"!

()&&!C5!>LPKLT"!EOL!@LYOLWRHTKX$!7#SHPR0!H$S$WZX2RZSJ$TR

4E=;A@B@;8A!40!8B<!4/!6GH<@=F!CB!!

&%"#"1=G?IA"D?CFD?CECG?@C8G=!52.!.BG@F=BF=!

3A@>CBH;A=CG@<=F!@B!G?=!%$&!1CHF=!1C<=A

AVch$AZZbh`Zg`-($<]g^hiV$YZ$P^ciZg-($IZigV$kVc$Dj^`.($G^`^$AZjkZabVch.($IVig^o^V$LVWViZaa^/(0($$

IVdaV$K^bZhh^/($IVdaV$;gV\]ZiiV1($@Zgi)CVc$;$kVc$HbbZc-($L_Z[$YZ$D^beZ.($9aZhhVcYgV$?Zga^c^/($$

9ccZb^Z`Z$9VgihbV)Kjh-$VcY$CjY^i]$<M$kVc$=ZjiZ`db-(.

'5LTYLW!MUW!;ZSHT!HTK!5RPTPJHR!9LTLYPJX"!>LPKLT!FTP[LWXPY]!?LKPJHR!5LTYLW"!>LPKLT"!EOL!@LYOLWRHTKX1!(BWUXLTXH!EOLWHVLZYPJX!4$G$"!>LPKLT"!!

EOL!@LYOLWRHTKX1!)6LVHWYSLTY!UM!7\VLWPSLTYHR!HTK!6PHNTUXYPJ!?LKPJPTL"!DLJYPUT!UM!?LKPJHR!9LTLYPJX"!FTP[LWXPY]!UM!8LWWHWH"!8LWWHWH"!<YHR]1!*<9?#5@C"!

FTPY!UM!4URUNTH!J%U!<AC"!4URUNTH"!<YHR]1!+6LVHWYSLTY!UM!;PXYURUN]"!?PJWUIPURUN]"!HTK!?LKPJHR!4PUYLJOTURUN]"!FTP[LWXPY]!UM!BHKU[H"!BHKU[H"!<YHR]

!#

"&$%

91

(5)

#('&%+'$*"!&*$),""420#!%,!12#!*!/31.!&$%$! %&%%

t$M]Z$9bZg^XVc$LdX^Zin$d[$@ZcZ$%$<Zaa$M]ZgVen

ID+I=$9HG$LijY^Zh$^c$SK\$F^XZ

*ni(mh(46)+(bg(ma^(fZchkbmr(h_(fnl\e^(&[^kl(*ni(mh(;8)+(bg(ma^(

mk^Zm^](Zk^Z/(P^\^gmer-(b/f/(bgc^\mbhg(h_(1/;(f`(@TH.5769(*OLN+(

bg( &o^( CLC( iZmb^gml( Zelh( ]^fhglmkZm^]( mh( [^( p^ee.mhe^kZm^]-(

bg]n\bg`(]rlmkhiabg(e^o^el(h_(ni(mh(43)(bg(8;)(h_(ma^(&[^kl(bg(ma^(

mk^Zm^](Zk^Z/31

@emahn`a( [hma( lmn]b^l( \hg&kf( ikhh_( h_( \hg\^im-( ma^r( hger(

k^lnem^]( bg( eh\Ze( ]rlmkhiabg( lrgma^lbl/( Rh( Zeehp( [h]r.pb]^( ikh.

]n\mbhg-( lrlm^fb\( @NM( ]^ebo^kr( bl( k^jnbk^]/( HgmkZo^ghnl( *b/o/+(

]^ebo^kr( h_( Z( fhnl^( ^qhg( 34xli^\b&\( 3NL^OQ( @NM( *34@NM+(

bg(+(.(fb\^(ik^obhnler(lahp^](pahe^.[h]r(]rlmkhiabg-(Ze[^bm(Zm(

oZkbZ[e^(e^o^el<(fbgbfZe(bg(a^Zkm-(ab`a(bg(`Zlmkh\g^fbnl(fnl\e^/32( Hgm^k^lmbg`er-(^Zker(lb`gl(_hk(^%^\mbo^(Z\\nfneZmbhg(p^k^(h[l^ko^]=(

Z#^k(mak^^(bgc^\mbhgl(h_(ma^(34@NM(ma^(e^o^el(h_(]rlmkhiabg(maZm(

Z\\nfneZm^]( p^k^( \hfiZkZ[e^( pbma( e^o^el( h[l^ko^]( Z#^k( hg^(

bgc^\mbhg/

Ehk(_nmnk^(\ebgb\Ze(lmn]b^l(hg(lrlm^fb\(]^ebo^kr(h_(@NMl-(fhk^(

^qm^glbo^( iaZkfZ\hdbg^mb\( *OJ+( Zg]( iaZkfZ\h]rgZfb\( *OC+(

lmn]b^l(Zk^(k^jnbk^](mh(]^m^kfbg^(ma^(himbfZe(]hl^-(k^`bf^g-(khnm^(

h_( Z]fbgblmkZmbhg-( Zg]( Z\\hk]bg`er( [bh]blmkb[nmbhg-( \e^ZkZg\^-(

fnl\e^( li^\b&\( nimZd^-( Zg]( @NM( aZe_.eb_^/( G^k^-( p^( ]^l\kb[^( Z(

l^kb^l(h_(OJ0OC(^qi^kbf^gml(bg(+(.(fb\^(Zl(iZkm(h_(ma^(ik^\ebgb.

\Ze(]^o^ehif^gm(h_(3NL^OQ(@NMl(_hk(CLC/

8-9<3;9

-JE?J@BA"HBQBHN"KC"&64B79"85*"*65N""

FJ"ARNOMKLEF@"IPN@HB

OJ(]ZmZ(hg(@NMl(Zk^(_ng]Zf^gmZe(_hk(ma^(himbfbsZmbhg(h_(]hl^(

Zg](k^`bf^g(_hk(lrlm^fb\(mk^Zmf^gm(h_(CLC(iZmb^gml-(^li^\bZeer(

[^\Znl^(mabl(mk^Zmf^gm(pbee([^(\akhgb\/(G^k^-(p^(Ziieb^](Z(jnZgmb.

mZmbo^(Zg](l^jn^g\^.li^\b&\(ar[kb]bsZmbhg(eb`Zmbhg(ZllZr(mh(lmn]r(

ma^([bh]blmkb[nmbhg(h_(3NL^OQ(PM@(@NMl(nihg(lrlm^fb\(]^ebo.

^kr/7( Ebklm-( p^(\hg&kf^](Z( ik^obhnler( h[l^ko^]( ia^ghf^ghg(h_(

^gaZg\^]( ^qhg.ldbiibg`( ^$\b^g\b^l( bg( ]rlmkhiab\( fnl\e^( pa^g(

\hfiZk^](mh(a^Zemar(fnl\e^/22(Ahma(pbe].mri^(Zg](+(.(fb\^(*,(?(

4-(lbfbeZk(Z`^+(k^\^bo^](Z(lbg`e^(b/o/(61(f`0d`(]hl^(h_(Z(fhnl^.li^.

\b&\(3NL^OQ(PM@(@NM-(bg]n\bg`(^qhg(34(ldbiibg`(XL34C*,13x 29+Y/32-33(@m(59(ahnkl(ihlmbgc^\mbhg-(ma^(`Zlmkh\g^fbnl(Zg](mkb\^il(

fnl\e^l( lahp^]( _hnk( Zg]( ^b`am( mbf^l( ab`a^k( 34@NM( e^o^el( *ni(

mh( 21($`0`+-( k^li^\mbo^er-( bg( +(.( fb\^( maZg( bg( pbe].mri^( fb\^(

*'0/75.!"*+/('^(34@NM(e^o^el(bg(a^Zkm(p^k^(fZkd^]er(ehp^k([nm(

lmbee(3/6(mbf^l(ab`a^k(bg(+(.(maZg(bg(pbe].mri^(fb\^/('bl(]b%^k.

^gmbZe(nimZd^(pZl(ghm(h[l^ko^](bg(db]g^r(Zg](ebo^k-(pab\a(lahp^](

ab`a(*ni(mh(211($`0`+([nm(^jnZe(e^o^el(h_(34@NM(bg([hma(fhnl^(

`khnil/('^l^(k^lneml(\hg&kf(maZm(ma^k^(bl(Zg(^gaZg\^](Z[lhki.

mbhg( h_(34@NM( _khf(ma^([ehh]( \bk\neZmbhg-(ikh[Z[er( ]n^(mh(ma^(

frh`^gb\( ]^`^g^kZmbhg( Zg]( k^`^g^kZmbhg( ikh\^ll^l( bg( ma^( +(.(

fb\^-(Zllh\bZm^](pbma(Z(ab`a^k(i^kf^Z[bebmr(h_(ma^(frh&[^k(f^f.

[kZg^l(Zg]0hk(oZl\neZk(lrlm^f/

Hg(Z(k^eZm^](^qi^kbf^gm-(ma^(e^o^el(h_(^qhg(34(ldbiibg`(bg(pbe].

mri^(o^klnl(+(.(fb\^(*,(?(4-(lbfbeZk(Z`^+(p^k^(fhgbmhk^](ho^k(Z(

i^kbh](h_(3(p^^dl(Z#^k(mph(31.$`(b/f/(bgc^\mbhgl(*35.ahnk(bgm^koZe+(

h_(ma^(34@NM(*'0/75.!"++/(Hg(pbe].mri^(fb\^-(ma^(e^o^el(p^k^(o^kr(

ehp-(ni(mh(3)(Zm(5(]Zrl(Z#^k(mk^Zmf^gm/(Fbo^g(ma^(ehp^k(34@NM(

e^o^el( bg( a^Zemar( fnl\e^-( mabl( pZl( Zgmb\biZm^]/( Hg(\hgmkZlm-(bg( ma^(

+(.( fb\^( ^qhg( 34( ldbiibg`( e^o^el( p^k^( 5x31( mbf^l( ab`a^k( maZg(

bg(pbe].mri^(fb\^-(Zg](bg\k^Zl^](ho^k(mbf^(ni(mh(31)(Zm(21(]Zrl(

ihlmbgc^\mbhg/('bl(OC(iZmm^kg(ln``^lml(maZm(3NL^OQ(PM@(@NMl(

Zk^(lmZ[e^(pbmabg(fnl\e^(&[^kl-(Zg](maZm(ma^(e^o^el(h_((bg._kZf^(mkZg.

l\kbim(Z#^k(^qhg(34(ldbiibg`(\Zg(ma^k^_hk^(Z\\nfneZm^(ho^k(mbf^/

0?HC#HFCB"KC"&64B79"85*"*65N"FJ"<4E"OFNNPB Rh( lmn]r( ma^( lmZ[bebmr( *aZe_.eb_^+( h_( 3NL^OQ( PM@( @NMl( bg( +(.(

fnl\e^(mblln^-(Z(l^kb^l(h_(+(.(fb\^(p^k^(`bo^g(mak^^(b/o/(bgc^\mbhgl(

h_(211(f`0d`(34@NM(bg(2(p^^d(*^o^kr(hma^k(]Zr+/(@m(3-(5-(8-(Zg](

25( ]Zrl( Z#^k(ma^( eZlm(bgc^\mbhg-(mph( fb\^( p^k^(dbee^](_hk(ZgZerlbl/(

@NM(e^o^el(p^k^(Zll^ll^](bg(ma^(`Zlmkh\g^fbnl-(mkb\^il-(Zg](jnZ].

kb\^il(fnl\e^l-(a^Zkm-(db]g^r-(Zg](ebo^k(*'0/75.!#*+/('^(nimZd^(h_(

ma^(\hfihng]([r(ma^(db]g^r(Zg](ebo^k(pZl(ab`a^k(*ni(mh(21(mbf^l+(

maZg( bg( ld^e^mZe( fnl\e^/( Ghp^o^k-( ma^( k^eZmbo^( \e^ZkZg\^( pZl( Zelh(

fZkd^]er( _Zlm^k/( '^( e^o^el(h_( @NM( bg(ma^(]b%^k^gm( ld^e^mZe(fnl.

\e^(`khnil(p^k^(lbfbeZk(*47x56($`0`+(Zm(]Zr(3(Zg](i^klblm^](_hk(Zm(

e^Zlm(25(]Zrl(Zm(e^o^el(h_(t51)(*`Zlmkh\g^fbnl(Zg](jnZ]kb\^il+(Zg](

89)(*mkb\^il+/('^(ehp^lm(e^o^el(h_(@NM(p^k^(h[l^ko^](bg(ma^(a^Zkm(

*22($`0`+-([nm(91)(h_(mabl(pZl(lmbee(]^m^\m^](Z#^k(25(]Zrl/(AZl^](hg(

ma^l^( ]ZmZ-( ma^( aZe_.eb_^( h_( ma^( 3NL^OQ( 34@NM( pZl( ]^m^kfbg^](

_hk(]b%^k^gm(mblln^l(*'0/75.!#++(Zg](pZl(_hng](mh([^(lbfbeZk(bg(ma^(

`Zlmkh\g^fbnl( Zg]( jnZ]kb\^il( fnl\e^l( *t21( ]Zrl+-( [nm( fZkd^]er(

ab`a^k(bg(ma^(mkb\^il(fnl\e^(*t44(]Zrl+/('bl(fZr(aZo^([^^g(]n^(

mh( Z( ehp^k( ^qm^gm( h_( ]^`^g^kZmbhg( Zg]( k^`^g^kZmbhg( bg( ma^( ab`a^k(

^qmk^fbmb^l-(Zg]0hk(mh(Z(]b%^k^gmbZe(mri^(H0HH(&[^k(\hgm^gm/('^(lZf^(

ia^ghf^ghg(fZr(^qieZbg(ma^(fZkd^]er(ehg`^k(aZe_.eb_^(h_(ma^(@NM(

bg(\Zk]bZ\(fnl\e^(mblln^(*t57(]Zrl+/('bl(h[l^koZmbhg(bl(^g\hnkZ`bg`(

[^\Znl^(bm(bfieb^l(maZm(ma^(k^eZmbo^er(ehp(3NL^OQ(PM@(@NM(e^o^el(

bg(a^Zkm(fZr([^(\hfi^glZm^](ho^kmbf^([r(Z(ikhehg`^](i^klblm^g\^(

Zg](manl(Z\\nfneZmbhg(h_(@NM(bg(k^i^Zm^].]hlbg`(lmn]b^l/

,++

,+

,

+ 0 ,+

,0 -+

-0

"

!

<JZ[YW KVMU\Z

+ - /

9J`Z!X)T)Q

2 ,+ ,/

HYQKMXZ ,!&!0+!UO*SO!Q)]

IH ('+

-!&!-+!$O!Q)U IH

('+

=MJY[

7])!7CB!TM]MTZ!$$O*O% $)!6!.%

#!;_WV!-.!ZSQXXQVO $)!6!.%

?QLVM` @Q]MY

.FDPMB"%" -JE?J@BA"HBQBHN"KC"&64B79"85*"*65N"FJ"ARNOMKLEF@"IPN#

@HB$"&8'$ <dbeVg^hdc$ d[$ 9HG$ aZkZah$ ^c$ h`ZaZiVa$ bjhXaZh$ &\Vhigd$XcZb^jh$

VcY$ig^XZeh$bjhXaZ'($]ZVgi($`^YcZn($VcY$a^kZg$[gdb$l^aY)ineZ$&PM'$kZghjh$

<4E$ b^XZ$ &=$ 8$ /'($ V[iZg$ V$ h^c\aZ$ ^cigVkZcdjh$ &^*k*'$ ^c_ZXi^dc$ d[$ 1,$b\+

`\$bdjhZ$Zmdc$./rheZX^#X$.%)A)bZi]na)e]dhe]dgdi]^dViZ$Vci^hZchZ$da^)

\dcjXaZdi^YZ$ &./9HG'*$ &9'$ <dbeVg^hdc$ d[$ Zmdc$ ./$ h`^ee^c\$ aZkZah$ ^c$

\VhigdXcZb^jh$bjhXaZh$[gdb$hZg^Zh$d[$PM$kZghjh$SK\$b^XZ$&T$8$/'($Vi$Y^[) [ZgZci$i^bZ$ed^cih$&je$id$-0$YVnh'$V[iZg$.$^cigVbjhXjaVg$&^*b*'$^c_ZXi^dch$

d[$.,$v\$./9HG$&l^i]$.0)]djg$^ciZgkVa'*

Chapter 4

92

(6)

%&%&! 333",.+'&2+%01)'0%/4".0(""420#!%,!12#!*!/31.!&$%$!!!!

t$M]Z$9bZg^XVc$LdX^Zin$d[$@ZcZ$%$<Zaa$M]ZgVen ID+I=$9HG$LijY^Zh$^c$SK\$F^XZ

;EB"BCCB@O"KC"AFCCBMBJO"MKPOBN"KC"?AIFJFNOM?OFKJ"

KJ"&64B79"85*"*65"LE?MI?@KGFJBOF@N

'^(khnm^(h_(Z]fbgblmkZmbhg(Z%^\ml(ma^(OJ(\aZkZ\m^kblmb\l(h_(ma^kZ.

i^nmb\( fhe^\ne^l/( U^( ma^k^_hk^( ^oZenZm^]( ma^( OJ0OC( ikh&e^l( h_(

ma^( 34@NM( Z#^k( b/o/-( bgmkZi^kbmhg^Ze( *b/i/+-( ln[\nmZg^hnl( *l/\/+-(

Zg](b/f/(bgc^\mbhgl(bg(+(.(fb\^(*Zee(Zm(Z`^(t4(p^^dl+(_khf(]b%^k^gm(

bg]^i^g]^gm(^qi^kbf^gml/(Ebklm-(ma^(^%^\m(h_(ma^(]b%^k^gm(khnm^l(h_(

Z]fbgblmkZmbhg(hg(@NM(ieZlfZ(e^o^el(Zg](\e^ZkZg\^(pZl(Zll^ll^](

*'0/75.!$*+/(@#^k(Z(lbg`e^(b/o/(bgc^\mbhg(h_(61(f`0d`(*t2(f`0Zgb.

fZe+(34@NM-(ma^(e^o^el(bg(ieZlfZ(6(fbgnm^l(ihlmbgc^\mbhg(p^k^(

ab`a(*89($`0fe+-(pbma(Zefhlm(\hfie^m^(\e^ZkZg\^(Z#^k(;1(fbgnm^l/(

'bl(iZmm^kg(pZl(lbfbeZk(bg(pbe].mri^(fb\^/(H/i/(Zg](l/\/(bgc^\mbhgl(

h_(aZe_(mabl(]hl^(*36(f`0d`+(bg(+(.(fb\^(k^lnem^](bg(mph_he](ehp^k(

ieZlfZ(e^o^el(*54(Zg](47($`0fe-(k^li^\mbo^er+-(Zg](Z(lehp^k(\e^Zk.

Zg\^(maZg(b/o/(bgc^\mbhg/(P^fZkdZ[er-(p^(h[l^ko^](k^eZmbo^er(ab`a(

Zg](lnlmZbg^](@NM(ieZlfZ(e^o^el(*61x71($`0fe+(Z#^k(Z(lbg`e^(b/f/(

bgc^\mbhg(h_(23/6(f`0d`(*1/36(f`0ZgbfZe+(h_(34@NM/('^l^(k^lneml(

ln``^lm( maZm( ma^k^( bl( Z( ]^eZr^]( Zg]( \hgmbgnbg`( k^e^Zl^( h_( @NM(

_khf([h]ber(mblln^(mh(ma^([ehh](\bk\neZmbhg-(pab\a(bl(^li^\bZeer(lb`.

gb&\Zgm(bg(+(.(fnl\e^(mblln^(*lmbee(Zm(4;($`0(fe(Z#^k(;1(fbgnm^l+/

Rh( _nkma^k( lmn]r( ma^(^qm^gm( h_( ma^( pahe^.[h]r( ma^kZi^nmb\(

^%^\ml(Z#^k(@NM(mk^Zmf^gm(Zg](mh(^gaZg\^(Zgr(ihm^gmbZe(OJ0 OC(]b%^k^g\^l([^mp^^g(ma^(]^ebo^kr(f^mah]l(lmn]b^]-(p^(ma^g(

\hfiZk^](ma^(]b%^k^gm(khnm^l(h_(Z]fbgblmkZmbhg(Zm(Z(ab`a(]hl^(h_(

361(f`0d`(34@NM/(Q^ml(h_(mak^^(+(.(fb\^(k^\^bo^](361(f`0(d`(

h_(34@NM(&o^(mbf^l(bg(2(p^^d([r(^bma^k(b/o/-(b/i/-(hk(l/\/(bgc^\.

mbhgl/('^r(p^k^(dbee^](Zm(4(]Zrl(Z#^k(ma^(eZlm(bgc^\mbhg/('^(k^eZ.

mbo^(e^o^el(h_(@NM(bg(]b%^k^gm(fnl\e^(`khnil-([^bg`(hg(Zo^kZ`^(

6x21(mbf^l(ehp^k(maZg(bg(db]g^r(Zg](ebo^k-(]b](oZkr(leb`amer(pbma(

ma^( ]b%^k^gm( khnm^l( h_( Z]fbgblmkZmbhg<( t2/4( mbf^l( ab`a^k( e^o.

^el( Z#^k(b/o/( o^klnl( b/i/( hk( l/\/(Z]fbgblmkZmbhg( *'0/75.! $++/('^(

^%^\m(h_(]^ebo^kr(f^mah](hg(ma^(db]g^r(Zg](ma^(ebo^k(e^o^el(pZl(

fn\a(lmkhg`^k/(H/o/(bgc^\mbhgl(k^lnem^](bg(ma^(ab`a^lm(Z\nm^(e^o^el(

h_( @NM( bg( db]g^r( *836($`0`+( Zg]( ebo^k( *761($`0`+( pa^g( \hf.

iZk^](pbma(ma^(b/i/(*456(Zg](346($`0`-(k^li^\mbo^er+(Zg](l/\/(*466(

Zg]( 386($`0`-( k^li^\mbo^er+( bgc^\mbhgl/( '^k^_hk^-( Zm( mabl( ]hl^(

-++

!

"

,0+

,++

0+

+

+ ,+

-+

.+

/+

0+

, -

< H E

=JTN(TQNM!$LJ`Z%

= ? @

. / 0 1 2 3

HQUM!$LJ`Z!JN[MY![PQYL!QVRMK[QWV%

7CB![QZZ\M!TM]MTZ!$$O*O%

4

<

E

? H

=

@

,+ ,, ,- ,. ,/

.FDPMB"&" 0?HC#HFCB"KC"&64B79"85*"*65N"FJ"<4E"OFNNPB$"&?'$9ci^hZchZ$

da^\dcjXaZdi^YZ$ &9HG'$ i^hhjZ$ aZkZah$ ^c$ \VhigdXcZb^jh$ &@'($ ig^XZeh$ &M'($

fjVYg^XZeh$ &J'($ ]ZVgi$ &A'($ `^YcZn$ &D'($ VcY$ a^kZg$ &E'$ d[$ <4E$ b^XZ$ V[iZg$

i]gZZ$^cigVkZcdjh$^c_ZXi^dch$d[$-,,$b\+`\$bdjhZ$Zmdc$./rheZX^#X$.%)A) bZi]na)e]dhe]dgdi]^dViZ$9HG$&./9HG'($bdc^idgZY$[gdb$.$id$-0$YVnh$

edhi^c_ZXi^dc*$&9'$M]Z$]Va[)a^[Z$d[$i]Z$./9HG$^c$Y^[[ZgZci$bjhXaZ$\gdjeh$

VcY$dg\Vch*

+

< E H

Q)]) Z)K) Q)X)

= 9

0 ,+

,0 -+

-0 .+

.0 /+

/0

#

#!;_WV!-.!ZSQXXQVO

+ Q)]) Z)K) Q)X)

-++

/++

1++

3++

A!& ?

"

7CB![QZZ\M!TM]MTZ!$$O*O%

@

E

$

H

", "- ".

= E H = E H = " =8

,*-0 +

+ -+ /+

HQUM!$UQV\[MZ%

!

DTJZUJ!TM]MT!$$O*UT%

1+ 3+

-+

/+

1+

3+

,++

+)0!UO!Z)K) +)0!UO!Q)X) +)-0!UO!Q)U) ,!UO!Q)])

^[!,!UO!Q)])

.FDPMB"'" ;EB"BCCB@O"KC"AFCCBMBJO"MKPOBN"?AIFJFNOM?OFKJ"KJ"&64B79"85*"*65"LE?MI?@KGFJBOF@N$"&8'$9ci^hZchZ$da^\dcjXaZdi^YZ$&9HG'$eaVhbV$aZk) Zah$^c$<4E$b^XZ$V[iZg$h^c\aZ$^cigVbjhXjaVg$T^*b*($,*.1$b\$&-.*1$b\+`\'U($^cigVkZcdjh$T^*k*($-$b\$&1,$b\+`\'U($^cigVeZg^idcZVa$T^*e*($,*1$b\$&.1$b\+$`\'U($

dg$hjWXjiVcZdjh$Th*X*($,*1$b\$&.1$b\+`\'U$^c_ZXi^dch$d[$bdjhZ$Zmdc$./r$heZX^#X$.%)A)bZi]na)e]dhe]dgdi]^dViZ$9HG$&./9HG'($bdc^idgZY$[gdb$1$id$

5,$b^cjiZh$V[iZg$^c_ZXi^dc($VcY$XdbeVgZY$l^i]$i]dhZ$V[iZg$V$h^c\aZ$^*k*$^c_ZXi^dc$d[$-$b\$&1,$b\+`\'$^c$l^aY)ineZ$&PM'$b^XZ*$&9'$9HG$i^hhjZ$aZkZah$^c$

eddaZY$h`ZaZiVa$bjhXaZ$hVbeaZh$d[$igZViZY$SK\$b^XZ$XdbeVgZY$l^i]$i]dhZ$^c$$`^YcZn$&D'$VcY$a^kZg$&E'$V[iZg$#kZ$^*k*($h*X*($dg$^*e*$^c_ZXi^dch$d[$.1,$b\+$`\$^c$

-$lZZ`*$&;'$M]Z$XdggZhedcY^c\$Zmdc$./$h`^ee^c\$aZkZah$^c$\VhigdXcZb^jh$&@'($fjVYg^XZeh$&J'($ig^XZeh$&M'($]ZVgi$&A'($VcY$Y^Ve]gV\b$&='$V[iZg$^*k*($h*X*($

dg$^*e*$^c_ZXi^dch*$&<'$PZhiZgc$Wadi$VcVanh^h$d[$idiVa$egdiZ^c$ZmigVXih$^hdaViZY$[gdb$J($M($VcY$A$bjhXaZ$d[$i]gZZ$SK\$b^XZ($Vaa$igZViZY$l^i]$#kZ$.1,$b\+$`\$

^*k*$^c_ZXi^dch$d[$./9HG($XdbeVgZY$l^i]$V$]ZVai]n$bjhXaZ$hVbeaZ$T]ZVai]n$Xdcigda$&A<'7$Y^ajiZY$-+.1$id$Vkd^Y$dkZgZmedhjgZU*

PK and PD studies on 2OMePS AONs in mdx

93

(7)

#('&%+'$*"!&*$),""420#!%,!12#!*!/31.!&$%$! %&%'

t$M]Z$9bZg^XVc$LdX^Zin$d[$@ZcZ$%$<Zaa$M]ZgVen

ID+I=$9HG$LijY^Zh$^c$SK\$F^XZ

Zg]( k^`bf^g-( b/o/( bgc^\mbhgl( fZr( [^( e^ll( mhe^kZ[e^/( H/i/( Zg]( l/\/(

bgc^\mbhgl(\e^Zker(lahp^](Z(e^ll(Z\nm^(OJ(iZmm^kg(bg(db]g^r(Zg](

ebo^k/

'^(mrib\Ze(OJ(ikh&e^(Zl(i^k(khnm^(h_(Z]fbgblmkZmbhg(]bk^\mer(

\hkk^eZm^]( pbma( ma^( OC( ^%^\ml( bg( fnl\e^/('^(e^o^el( h_( ^qhg( 34(

ldbiibg`(bg(Z(l^kb^l(h_(ld^e^mZe(fnl\e^(`khnil-(ma^(a^Zkm-(Zg](]bZ.

iakZ`f-( blheZm^]( _khf( ma^( lZf^( l^m( h_( mk^Zm^]( +(.( fb\^( ]^f.

hglmkZm^]( maZm( ma^( b/o/( khnm^( h_( Z]fbgblmkZmbhg( ]b]( Zeehp( ma^(

ab`a^lm(e^o^el(h_(^qhg.ldbiibg`(*ni(mh(54)(h_(mhmZe(mkZgl\kbiml(bg(

ma^( jnZ]kb\^il( Zg]( 5)( bg( a^Zkm=('0/75.! $,+/( Ubma( ma^( b/i/( Zg](

l/\/( khnm^l( ma^( i^k\^gmZ`^l( h_( ^qhg( 34( ldbiibg`( p^k^( mrib\Zeer(

ehp^k<( 51x91)( *l/\/+( Zg]( 41x81)( *b/i/+( h_( mahl^( h[mZbg^]( Z#^k(

b/o/(Z]fbgblmkZmbhg-(]^i^g]bg`(hg(ma^(li^\b&\(fnl\e^(`khni(ZgZ.

ers^]/(Hg]^i^g]^gm(h_(ma^(Z]fbgblmkZmbhg(khnm^-(ma^(^qhg(34(ldbi.

ibg`(e^o^el(oZkb^]([^mp^^g(ma^(li^\b&\(fnl\e^(`khnil(ZgZers^]-(

pbma(ma^(ab`a^lm(e^o^el(bg(ma^(jnZ]kb\^il(Zg](`Zlmkh\g^fbnl(fnl.

\e^l/('bl(\hkk^eZm^l(pbma(ma^(ab`a^k(@NM(e^o^el(bg(ma^l^(fnl\e^l(

pa^g(\hfiZk^]-(_hk(bglmZg\^-(mh(ma^(mkb\^il(fnl\e^(*'0/75.!#*+/(

.,

-1

-,

1

,

.1 1,

;X[N"%VP+TP&

0"_NNT[

4"_NNT[

$"<`XW"./"[TRYYRWP"RW"I8

-,,

-,

1

,

.1 1,

;X[N"%VP+TP&

0"_NNT[

4"_NNT[

$";a[\ZXYQRW"RW"I8"%XO"WXZVKU&

-,, .,

-1

-,

1

,

.1 1,

;X[N"%VP+TP&

0"_NNT[

4"_NNT[

8DC"UN^NU["RW"I8"%]P+P&

-,,

"

, -,, .,, /,, 0,, 1,,

% 2,,

, - . / 0

IZNK\VNW\"%_NNT[&

G]WWRWP"\RVN"%[NLXWM[&

1 2 3 4

&"^KU]N"6"-"d"-,!0 HKURWN"%)"7"2&

./8DC"%)"7"2&

$ 0(,,,

/(1,, /(,,, .(1,, .(,,, -(1,, -(,,, 1,, ,

, - . / 0

IZNK\VNW\"%_NNT[&

9@"UN^NU"%]+U&

1 2 3 4

&"^KU]N"6"-"d"-,!1 HKURWN"%)"7"2&

./8DC"%)"7"2&

,*,-

, 1 -,

IRVN"%QX]Z[&

EUK[VK"UN^NU

-1 .,

;X[N"_NNT"-

;X[N"_NNT"/

;X[N"_NNT"3

.1 ,*-,

-*,, -,*,, -,,*,,

./8DC"1,"VP+TP

,*,-

, 1

!

-, IRVN"%QX]Z[&

EUK[VK"UN^NU

-1 .,

;X[N"_NNT"-

;X[N"_NNT"/

;X[N"_NNT"3

.1 ,*-,

-*,, -,*,, -,,*,,

./8DC".1"VP+TP

,*,-

, 1 -,

IRVN"%QX]Z[&

./8DC"-,,"VP+TP

EUK[VK"UN^NU

-1 .,

;X[N"_NNT"-

;X[N"_NNT"/

;X[N"_NNT"3

.1 ,*-,

-*,, -,*,, -,,*,,

# I8

4"_NNT[ 0"_NNT[ 4"_NNT[ 0"_NNT[ >9 4"_NNT[ 0"_NNT[ 4"_NNT[ 0"_NNT[

-+1, -+1

>9 >9

-+1 -+1,

>9

?9 >NKZ\

I

.FDPMB"(" 6LOFIFS?OFKJ"KC"72"?JA"7,"LMK!HBN"KC"&64B79"85*"*65N"FJ"<4E"IF@B"?COBM"N$@$"?AIFJFNOM?OFKJ$$&8'$9ci^hZchZ$da^\dcjXaZdi^YZ$&9HG'$

eaVhbV$aZkZah$^c$SK\$b^XZ$V[iZg$.1($1,($dg$-,,$b\+`\$hjWXjiVcZdjh$&h*X*'$^c_ZXi^dch$&.+$lZZ`'$[dg$je$id$4$lZZ`h($bdc^idgZY$[gdb$,*1$id$..$]djgh$

V[iZg$Ydh^c\$Vi$lZZ`$-($/($VcY$3*$&9'$9HG$i^hhjZ$aZkZah($Zmdc$./$h`^ee^c\$aZkZah($VcY$Ynhigde]^c$aZkZah$^c$i^W^Va^h$VciZg^dg$&M9'$bjhXaZh$[gdb$SK\$b^XZ$

igZViZY$l^i]$.1($1,($dg$-,,$b\+`\$h*X*$^c_ZXi^dch$&.+lZZ`'$[dg$0$dg$4$lZZ`h*$&;'$PZhiZgc$Wadi$VcVanh^h$d[$idiVa$egdiZ^c$ZmigVXih$^hdaViZY$[gdb$i^W^Va^h$

VciZg^dg$&M9'($ig^XZeh$&M'($^ciZgXdhiVa$&B<'($VcY$]ZVgi$&A'$bjhXaZ$d[$SK\$b^XZ$V[iZg$-,,$b\+`\$h*X*$^c_ZXi^dch$&.+lZZ`'$[dg$0$dg$4$lZZ`h*$P^aY)ineZ$

bjhXaZ$&A<'$lVh$jhZY$Vh$V$edh^i^kZ$Xdcigda$VcY$Y^ajiZY$1$VcY$1,$i^bZh$&-+1$VcY$-+1,($gZheZXi^kZan'*$M]Z$i]gZZ$eVcZah$dc$i]Z$aZ[i$VgZ$[gdb$dcZ$Wadi($

i]Z$i]gZZ$eVcZah$dc$i]Z$g^\]i$[gdb$Vcdi]Zg$&heVXZh$^cY^XViZ$i]Z$gZbdkVa$d[$^ggZaZkVci$hVbeaZh'*$&<'$9kZgV\Z$eaVhbV$XgZVi^cZ$`^cVhZ$&<D'$aZkZah$^c$

igZViZY$T-,,$b\+`\$bdjhZ$Zmdc$./rheZX^#X$.%)A)bZi]na)e]dhe]dgdi]^dViZ$9HG$&./9HG'($h*X*U$VcY$jcigZViZY$&hVa^cZ($h*X*'$SK\$b^XZ$dkZg$i^bZ$je$

id$4$lZZ`h*$M]Z$Y^[[ZgZcXZ$WZilZZc$igZViZY$VcY$jcigZViZY$^h$h^\c^#XVci$&B$kVajZ$8$2*/2$w$-,"2'*$&='$<dggZhedcY^c\$KdiVgdY$gjcc^c\$i^bZ$&hZXdcYh'$

d[$igZViZY$kZghjh$jcigZViZY$b^XZ$dkZg$i^bZ$je$id$4$lZZ`h*$M]Z$Y^[[ZgZcXZ$^h$h^\c^#XVci$&B$kVajZ$8$-*33$w$-,"1'*

Chapter 4

94

(8)

%&%(! 333",.+'&2+%01)'0%/4".0(""420#!%,!12#!*!/31.!&$%$!!!!

t$M]Z$9bZg^XVc$LdX^Zin$d[$@ZcZ$%$<Zaa$M]ZgVen ID+I=$9HG$LijY^Zh$^c$SK\$F^XZ

Cb%^k^g\^l( bg( fnl\e^( `khnixli^\b&\( k^lihgl^( mh( 34@NM( p^k^(

Zelh(h[l^ko^](hg(ikhm^bg(e^o^el/(U^lm^kg([ehm(ZgZerlbl(h_(mhmZe(ikh.

m^bg(^qmkZ\ml(_khf(ma^(jnZ]kb\^il-(mkb\^il-(Zg](a^Zkm(fnl\e^l(h_(

ma^(fb\^(maZm(p^k^(mk^Zm^]([r(b/o/(bgc^\mbhg(]^fhglmkZm^](`^g^k.

Zeer(ab`a^k( ]rlmkhiabg(e^o^el(bg( ma^(jnZ]kb\^il(maZg( ma^(mkb\^il(

fnl\e^l(*'0/75.!$-+/(P^eZmbo^er(ab`a(e^o^el(h_(]rlmkhiabg(^qik^l.

lbhg(p^k^(h[l^ko^](bg(ma^(a^Zkm(lZfie^l/('bl(fZr(Zm(e^Zlm(iZkmer(

[^( ^qieZbg^]( [r( ma^( ehg`^k( aZe_.eb_^( h_( ma^( 34@NM( bg( ma^( a^Zkm(

*'0/75.!#++/

6LOFIFS?OFKJ"KC"72"?JA"7,"LMK!HBN"KC"&64B79"85*"

*65N"FJ"<4E"IF@B"?COBM"N$@$"?AIFJFNOM?OFKJ

Fbo^g(ma^(ehp^k(Z\nm^(34@NM(ieZlfZ(e^o^el(Zg](ehp^k(ebo^k(Zg](

db]g^r( ehZ]( Z#^k(l/\/( Z]fbgblmkZmbhg-(p^( _nkma^k(_h\nl^]( hg(l/\/(

]hlbg`(Zg](k^`bf^g/(Fkhnil(h_(+(.(fb\^(k^\^bo^](l/\/(]hl^l(h_(36-(

61-(hk(211(f`0d`(h_(34@NM(mpb\^(p^^der-(ho^k(Z(i^kbh](h_(5(hk(9(

p^^dl/(QZebg^.mk^Zm^](fb\^(p^k^(nl^](Zl(Z(\hgmkhe(`khni/(Mh([^aZo.

bhkZe(]b%^k^g\^l(p^k^(h[l^ko^]([^mp^^g(@NM.mk^Zm^](Zg](lZebg^.

mk^Zm^]( fb\^( makhn`ahnm( ma^( mk^Zmf^gm( i^kbh]/( Eheehpbg`( ma^l^(

mk^Zmf^gml-( ]b%^k^gm( l^knf( iZkZf^m^kl( *`enmZfb\.(hqZeh\^mb\(

mkZglZfbgZl^-(nk^Zl-(a^fh`eh[bg-(\k^Zmbg^-(ZedZebg^(iahliaZmZl^-(

Zg]( `enmZfb\.irknob\( mkZglZfbgZl^+( p^k^( Zll^ll^]( Zg]( ]b]( ghm(

bg]b\Zm^( mhqb\( ^%^\ml( hg( ebo^k( Zg]( db]g^r( *]ZmZ( ghm( lahpg+/( Hg(

Z]]bmbhg-( ma^( p^b`am( h_( ebo^k-( db]g^r-( Zg]( lie^^g( ]b]( ghm( ]b%^k(

[^mp^^g(mk^Zm^](Zg](ghgmk^Zm^](ZgbfZel/

@NM( iaZkfZ\hdbg^mb\l( Zg]( ho^kZee( fnl\e^( bgm^`kbmr( Zg](

_ng\mbhg(p^k^(Zll^ll^](]nkbg`(Zg](Z#^k(mk^Zmf^gm/(Ebklm-(_hk(^Z\a(

]hl^-(34@NM(ieZlfZ(e^o^el(p^k^(Zll^ll^](ho^k(mbf^(*'0/75.!%*+/(

Hg\k^Zlbg`(]hl^l(k^lnem^](bg(bg\k^Zlbg`(ieZlfZ(i^Zd(e^o^el-([nm(i^k(

]hl^-(ma^l^(i^Zd(e^o^el(]b](ghm(bg\k^Zl^(ho^k(mbf^=(lbfbeZk(e^o^el(

p^k^(h[mZbg^](bg(^bma^k(p^^dl(2-(4-(Zg](8/('^(34@NM(pZl(kZib]er(

\e^Zk^](_khf(ma^([ehh](\bk\neZmbhg-(pab\a(fZr(k^"^\m(Z(_Zlm(Zg](

lb`gb&\Zgm(Z[lhkimbhg([r(ma^(]rlmkhiab\(fnl\e^(mblln^/(Hg(\hgmkZlm(

mh(ma^(ieZlfZ(i^Zd(e^o^el-(ma^(ieZlfZ(mkhn`a(e^o^el(lahp^](Z(lm^Z]r(

Z\\nfneZmbhg(ho^k(mbf^(Zg](Zm(bg\k^Zl^](e^o^el(*b/^/-(mhmZe(ieZlfZ(

^qihlnk^+(pbma(bg\k^Zl^](]hl^/('^l^(e^o^el(fhlm(ebd^er(\hkk^eZm^](

mh(ma^(fnl\e^(mblln^(^qihlnk^(Zg](mh(ma^(OC(k^lihgl^(ma^k^bg/(Hg(

_Z\m-(ma^(e^o^el(h_(34@NM(bg(ma^(mb[bZebl(Zgm^kbhk(fnl\e^(]^fhg.

lmkZm^](Z\\nfneZmbhg(h_(ma^(\hfihng](ho^k(mbf^-(Zg](bg\k^Zl^](

i^k(ln[l^jn^gm(ab`a^k(]hl^(`khni(*'0/75.!%+-(e^#(iZg^e+/('^l^(

]hl^.]^i^g]^gm(OJ(ikh&e^l(]bk^\mer(\hkk^eZm^](pbma(ma^(e^o^el(h_(

^qhg(34(ldbiibg`(Zg](]rlmkhiabg(^qik^llbhg(bg(ma^(lZf^(mb[bZebl(

Zgm^kbhk(fnl\e^(*'0/75.!%+-(fb]]e^(Zg](kb`am(iZg^el+/(Rblln^((e^o^el(

h_(t5($`0`(p^k^(ln$\b^gm(mh(bg]n\^(ehp(e^o^el(h_(^qhg.ldbiibg`/(

Ar(\hgmkZlm-(_hk(ma^(ab`a^lm(]hl^(*211(f`0d`+-(ma^(^qhg(34(ldbi.

ibg`(e^o^e(pZl(ni(mh(22)(Z#^k(9(p^^dl-(pbma(Zllh\bZm^](]rlmkhiabg(

e^o^el(ni(mh(7)(h_(maZm(bg(ghkfZe(fnl\e^(mblln^(*'0/75.!%,+/

OeZlfZ( \k^Zmbg^( dbgZl^( *BJ+( e^o^el( p^k^( Zelh( ]^m^kfbg^](

p^^der( ]nkbg`( mk^Zmf^gm( *'0/75.! %-+/( BJ( bl( Z( fnl\e^( ^gsrf^(

maZm(e^Zdl(bgmh(ma^([ehh]lmk^Zf(pa^g(fnl\e^(&[^kl(Zk^(]ZfZ`^](

Zg](bl(ma^k^_hk^(\hglb]^k^](Zg(^Zker([bhfZkd^k(_hk(fnl\e^(bgm^`.

kbmr/(Hg(ngmk^Zm^](+(.(fb\^-(ma^(BJ(e^o^el(oZkr([nm(Zk^(mrib\Zeer(

^e^oZm^](mh(2-611x4-111(S0e/(Ehk(ma^(+(.(fb\^(bg(ma^(211(f`0d`(

`khni-(ma^(BJ(e^o^el(p^k^(_hng](mh([^(lb`gb&\Zgmer(ehp^k(ho^k.

mbf^( *&( oZen^( >2( |( 21!6+( maZg( mahl^( bg( ma^( lZebg^.mk^Zm^]( fb\^-(

pa^k^Zl(ma^r(p^k^(\hfiZkZ[e^([^_hk^(mk^Zmf^gm/('^(l^^fbg`er(

bg\k^Zl^]( fnl\e^( &[^k( bgm^`kbmr( bg( ma^( fb\^( bg( mabl( ab`a.]hl^(

`khni(ikh[Z[er(\hgmkb[nm^](mh(ma^(bfikho^](fnl\e^(i^k_hkfZg\^(

Zl(h[l^ko^]([r(PhmZkh](ZgZerlbl(ho^k(mbf^(*'0/75.!%.+/(Ahma(ma^(

lZebg^(Zg](ma^(211(f`0d`(34@NM.mk^Zm^](fb\^(lahp^](bg\k^Zl^](

knggbg`(mbf^l(]nkbg`(ma^(&klm(3(p^^dl(*e^Zkgbg`(\nko^+-([nm(ma^g(

knggbg`( mbf^l( ]^\k^Zl^]( Z#^k( 3( p^^dl/( Ghp^o^k-( ma^( ]^\ebg^(

_hk( ma^( 34@NM.mk^Zm^]( fb\^( pZl( fn\a( fhk^( `kZ]nZe( maZg( _hk(

lZebg^.mk^Zm^](fb\^/(Hg(Z]]bmbhg-(ma^(ieZm^Zn(e^o^e(h_(mk^Zm^](fb\^(

pZl( ab`a^k( *411( l^\hg]l( o^klnl( t281( l^\hg]l+/( 'bl( ]b%^k^g\^(

[^mp^^g( ma^( ngmk^Zm^]( Zg]( mk^Zm^]( `khnil( pZl( lb`gb&\Zgm( ho^k(

mbf^(*&(oZen^(>2(|(21!5+/

IH

!

"

IH ('+"ZJTQVM

('+"!ZJTQVM ('+"#%$*

BG

('+"#%$*

7@

('+"#%$*

9H

('+"#%$*

.FDPMB")" ,RNOMKLEFJ"MBNOKM?OFKJ"FJ"NGFJ"?MMB@OKM"LFHF$"&8'$=nhigde]^c$

VcY$YZhb^c$^bbjcd!jdgZhXZcXZ$hiV^c^c\$d[$VggZXidg$e^a^$hbddi]$bjh) XaZ$^c$h`^c$W^deh^Zh$[gdb$cZX`$hXgj[[$&GL'($VciZg^dg$aZ\$&9E'$VcY$YdghVa$

iV^a$gZ\^dch$&=M'$[gdb$igZViZY$&h*X*($-,,$b\+`\'$VcY$jcigZViZY$&hVa^cZ'$

SK\$b^XZ$kZghjh$l^aY)ineZ$b^XZ*"=Zhb^c$&\gZZc'$XdadXVa^oZh$l^i]$Ynh) igde]^c$ &gZY'$ VcY$ ^h$ ZmegZhhZY$ ^c$ Vaa$ Vc^bVah*$ Gd$ Ynhigde]^c$ aVWZa^c\$

lVh$YZiZXiZY$^c$jcigZViZY$Vc^bVah($l]^aZ$Ynhigde]^c$^h$ZmegZhhZY$^c$Vaa$

igZViZY$VcY$l^aY)ineZ$Vc^bVah*$;Vg$8$0,,$vb*$&9'$=nhigde]^c$^bbjcd)

!jdgZhXZcXZ$hiV^c^c\$d[$eVcc^Xjajh$XVgcdhjh$^c$h`^c$W^dehn$[gdb$i]Z$=M$

^c$l^aY)ineZ$&aZ[i$eVcZa'($jcigZViZY$&b^YYaZ$eVcZa'($VcY$igZViZY$&g^\]i$

eVcZa'$b^XZ*$=nhigde]^c$aVWZa^c\$^h$^ciZchZ$VcY$Xdci^cjdjh$Vi$i]Z$hVgXd) aZbbV$d[$bjhXaZ$#WZgh$d[$eVcc^Xjajh$XVgcdhjh$d[$l^aY)ineZ$h`^c$W^dehn$

VcY$VWhZci$^c$SK\$b^XZ*$Bc$SK\$b^XZ$igZViZY$l^i]$9HGh($Ynhigde]^c$

aVWZa^c\$^h$YZiZXiZY$Vi$i]Z$hVgXdaZbbV$d[$bjhXaZ$#WZgh$l^i]$Vc$Vabdhi$

Xdci^cjdjh$eViiZgc*$9aa$hVbeaZh$lZgZ$e]did\gVe]ZY$Vi$i]Z$hVbZ$Zmed) h^i^dc$i^bZ$VcY$i]Z$^bV\Zh$lZgZ$cdi$Y^[[ZgZcian$bVc^ejaViZY*$GjXaZ^$VgZ$

hiV^cZY$l^i]$=9IB*$;Vg$8$.,,$vb*

PK and PD studies on 2OMePS AONs in mdx

95

(9)

#('&%+'$*"!&*$),""420#!%,!12#!*!/31.!&$%$! %&%)

t$M]Z$9bZg^XVc$LdX^Zin$d[$@ZcZ$%$<Zaa$M]ZgVen

ID+I=$9HG$LijY^Zh$^c$SK\$F^XZ

,RNOMKLEFJ"MBNOKM?OFKJ"FJ"NGFJ"?MMB@OKM"LFHHF

Ehk(lbq(fb\^(mk^Zm^](pbma(211(f`0d`(34@NM(l/\/-(]rlmkhiabg(k^l.

mhkZmbhg( pZl( fhgbmhk^]( bg( lfhhma( fnl\e^( h_( ma^( ldbg( *Zkk^\mhk(

ibeb( fnl\e^+/( Hm( pZl( ik^obhnler( ]^fhglmkZm^]( maZm( ldbg( [bhilb^l(

fZr([^(nl^](_hk(ma^(]bZ`ghlbl(h_(CLC(hk(A^\d^k(fnl\neZk(]rl.

mkhiar(hg(ma^([Zlbl(h_(bffnghlmZbgbg`(h_(]rlmkhiabg(bg(Zkk^\mhk(

ibeb(fnl\e^l/34-35(Hg(Z]]bmbhg-(p^(k^\^gmer(]^fhglmkZm^](]rlmkhiabg(

k^lmhkZmbhg( Z#^k( mk^Zmf^gm( h_( 3NL^OQ( @NMl( \hfie^q^]( pbma(

gZghiZkmb\e^l( bg( ma^( +(.( fhnl^( fh]^e/36( Hg]^^]-( bg( ma^( mak^^(

fb\^(k^\^bobg`(9(p^^dl(h_(34@NM(mk^Zmf^gm-(\e^Zk(]rlmkhiabg(lb`.

gZel(p^k^(h[l^ko^](bg(ma^(Zkk^\mhk(ibeb(fnl\e^l(Zee(ho^k(ma^(ldbg(

*Zgm^kbhk( e^`-( ]hklZe( mZbe( k^`bhg-( g^\d( l\n%( k^`bhg=('0/75.! &*+/(

Crlmkhiabg( k^lmhkZmbhg( pZl( Zelh( \e^Zker( oblb[e^( bg( ma^( iZggb\n.

enl(\Zkghlnl-(Z(ld^e^mZe(fnl\e^(eZr^k(h_(ma^(ldbg(*'0/75.!&++/('^(

bffnghlmZbgbg`(iZmm^kgl(h[mZbg^](p^k^(lbfbeZk(mh(mahl^(h[l^ko^](

bg( a^Zemar( pbe].mri^( fb\^-( pa^k^Zl( gh( ]rlmkhiabg( lb`gZel( p^k^(

h[l^ko^](bg(ma^(lZebg^.mk^Zm^](fb\^/

,19+<99165

Rph( ]b%^k^gm( @NM( \a^fblmkb^l( Zk^( fhlm( Z]oZg\^]( bg( ik^\ebgb.

\Ze(Zg](\ebgb\Ze(]^o^ehif^gm(_hk(CLC<(3NL^OQ(PM@(Zg](OLN/(

@emahn`a(ma^bk(fh]^l(h_(Z\mbhg(Zk^(b]^gmb\Ze-(3NL^OQ(Zg](OLN(

\hfihng]l( aZo^( lb`gb&\Zgmer( ]b%^k^gm( \a^fb\Ze( lmkn\mnk^l( Zg](

Zllh\bZm^]( \aZkZ\m^kblmb\l( Zg]-( ^o^g( pa^g( mZk`^mbg`( Zg( b]^gmb\Ze(

l^jn^g\^-( k^jnbk^( bg]^i^g]^gm(mhqb\bmr(Zg]( OJ( o^klnl( OC(lmn].

b^l/(A^_hk^(\ebgb\Ze(lmn]b^l(Ziierbg`(lrlm^fb\(]^ebo^kr(h_(3NL^OQ(

\hfihng]l-( p^( i^k_hkf^]( Z( eZk`^( l^kb^l( h_( ik^\ebgb\Ze( OJ0OC(

lmn]b^l(bg(ma^(+(.(fhnl^(fh]^e(pbma(Z(fhnl^(^qhg(34xli^\b&\(

\hfihng](h_( ma^( lZf^( \a^fblmkr/( '^(^%^\ml( h_( ]hl^-( k^`bf^g-(

mk^Zmf^gm(i^kbh]-(Zg](khnm^(h_(Z]fbgblmkZmbhg(hg([bh]blmkb[nmbhg-(

li^\b&\( fnl\e^( mblln^( ZoZbeZ[bebmr-( Zg]( fhe^\neZk( k^lihgl^( p^k^(

Zll^ll^]/

Ehk( ma^( [bh]blmkb[nmbhg( lmn]b^l( Z( jnZgmbmZmbo^( Zg]( @NM(

l^jn^g\^.li^\b&\( ar[kb]bsZmbhg( eb`Zmbhg( ZllZr( pZl( Ziieb^]/( Hm(

Zeehp^]( jnZgmb&\Zmbhg( h_( @NM( e^o^el( bg( ieZlfZ( [nm( Zelh( bg( ]b_.

_^k^gm(mblln^l(Zg](hk`Zgl-(Ze[^bm(pbmahnm(]bl\kbfbgZmbhg([^mp^^g(

bgm^kgZebs^](Zg](lmbee.\bk\neZmbg`(fhe^\ne^l/7(Ng^(h_(hnk(&klm(h[l^k.

oZmbhgl(pZl(maZm-(bg(+(.(fhnl^(fnl\e^-(ab`a^k(e^o^el(h_(34@NM(

p^k^( ik^l^gm( maZg( bg( a^Zemar( fhnl^( fnl\e^/( @l( mabl( pZl( \hkk^.

eZm^](pbma( lbfbeZker(ab`a^k(e^o^el(h_( ^qhg.ldbiibg`-(ma^l^( k^lneml(

\hg&kf( ma^( bg\k^Zl^]( f^f[kZg^( i^kf^Z[bebmr( h_( ]rlmkhiabg.

]^&\b^gm(Zg](k^`^g^kZmbg`(fnl\e^(&[^kl/37('^k^_hk^-(bg(\hgmkZlm(

mh(fZgr(hma^k(]bl^Zl^(Ziieb\Zmbhgl-(3NL^OQ(@NMl(_hk(CLC(]h(

ghm(g^^](mZk`^mbg`(hk(nimZd^.^gaZg\bg`(fhb^mb^l(hk(_hkfneZmbhgl(

mh(k^Z\a(ln$\b^gm(ma^kZi^nmb\(e^o^el/('bl(Zelh(bg]b\Zm^l(maZm(lmn].

b^l( hg( 3NL^OQ( @NMl( bg( a^Zemar( ZgbfZel( hk( anfZg( ohengm^^kl(

Zk^(h_(ebfbm^](nl^([^\Znl^(ma^(@NM(Z[lhkimbhg([r(a^Zemar(fnl\e^(

&[^kl( bl( ehp( Zg]( ma^( [bh]blmkb[nmbhg( Zg]( k^eZm^]( ihllb[e^( mhqb\.

bmr(ikh&e^l(Zk^(jnbm^(]b%^k^gm(_khf(maZm(bg(CLC(iZmb^gml/(Hm(aZl(

[^^g(ihlmneZm^](maZm(@NMl(]b%nl^(bgmh(ma^(fnl\e^(&[^kl(makhn`a(

ma^(lZf^(vahe^lw(_khf(pab\a(BJ(e^Zdl(hnm/37(@l(^e^oZm^](BJ(e^o.

^el(Zk^(ik^l^gm(bg(A^\d^k(iZmb^gml(Zl(p^ee-(bm(bl(Zgmb\biZm^](maZm(ma^(

^gaZg\^](Z[lhkimbhg(h_(@NMl(pbee(\hgmbgn^(^o^g(nihg(k^lmhkZ.

mbhg(h_(ma^(A^\d^k.ebd^(]rlmkhiabg/('bl(phne](Zelh(^qieZbg(par(

^qhg.ldbiibg`( e^o^el( bg( a^Zkm( p^k^( ehp^k/( @emahn`a( ]rlmkhiabg.

g^`Zmbo^(a^Zkm(fnl\e^(bl(Z%^\m^]-(bm(]h^l(ghm(aZo^(ma^(vahe^lw(maZm(

a^ei(bfikho^](@NM(Z[lhkimbhg(bg(ld^e^mZe(fnl\e^(&[^kl/

Nma^k(bfihkmZgm(OJ(h[l^koZmbhgl(p^k^(maZm(ghm(hger(ma^(e^o^el(

h_(@NMl([nm(Zelh(ma^(aZe_.eb_^(h_(34@NM(oZkb^]([^mp^^g(li^\b&\(

+(.(fnl\e^(`khnil/(Ahma(iZkZf^m^kl(]^m^kfbg^(ma^(&gZe(fhe^\n.

eZk(k^lihgl^(_hk(]b%^k^gm(fnl\e^(`khnil/(Hg(ma^(a^Zkm(_hk(bglmZg\^-(

ma^(bgbmbZe(e^o^el(p^k^(4x6(mbf^l(ehp^k(maZg(bg(ld^e^mZe(fnl\e^-([nm(

[Zl^](hg(ma^(4x6(mbf^l(ehg`^k(aZe_.eb_^(ma^(]rlmkhiabg(e^o^el(fZr(

^o^gmnZeer( [^( lbfbeZk( mh( mahl^( bg( ld^e^mZe( fnl\e^/( @( (]b%^k^gmbZe(

fnl\e^( `khni( k^lihgl^-( ebd^er( \Znl^]( [r( li^\b&\( fnl\e^( `khni(

_ng\mbhg-( fnl\e^( lmkn\mnk^-( Zg]0hk( &[^k( mri^( \hgm^gm-( lahne](

[^( mZd^g( bgmh(Z\\hngm(pa^g(]^lb`gbg`( lrlm^fb\(\ebgb\Ze(mkbZel(bg(

pab\a( li^\b&\( fnl\e^( `khnil( Zk^( lmn]b^]( _hk( \ebgb\Ze( hnm\hf^(

f^Zlnk^l(Zg](fhe^\neZk(^%^\m(e^o^el/(Hm(k^fZbgl(mh([^(]^m^kfbg^](

pa^ma^k( ln\a( ]b%^k^g\^l( fZr( [^\hf^( fhk^( ikhfbg^gm( hk( e^o^e(

hnm(bg(CLC(iZmb^gml(Z#^k(ehg`.m^kf(mk^Zmf^gm/

Ehk(CLC(iZmb^gml(k^jnbkbg`(\akhgb\(Z]fbgblmkZmbhg(h_(@NMl-(

Zg(l/\/(khnm^(h_(Z]fbgblmkZmbhg(bl(\e^Zker(ik^_^kk^]/(Nnk(lmn]b^l(bg(

+(.(fb\^(lahp(maZm(ma^(@NM([bhZoZbeZ[bebmr(_hk(fnl\e^(mblln^(bl(

jnbm^(lbfbeZk(Z#^k(b/o/(hk(l/\/(]^ebo^kr/(Ua^k^Zl(ma^(e^o^el(h_(^qhg.

ldbiibg`( p^k^( mrib\Zeer( ab`a^k( bg( fhlm( fnl\e^( `khnil( Z#^k( b/o/(

Z]fbgblmkZmbhg-(mabl(pZl(Zelh(Z\\hfiZgb^]([r(^jnZeer(ab`a^k(i^Zd(

e^o^el(h_(@NM(bg(ieZlfZ-(db]g^r-(Zg](ebo^k/('^k^_hk^-(ma^(l/\/(khnm^(

pZl( ik^_^kk^]( mh( ebfbm( ma^( kbld( h_( hk`Zg( mhqb\bmr/( Hg( Z( _heehp.ni(

lmn]r-(p^(manl(_nkma^k(lmn]b^](]hl^(Zg](mk^Zmf^gm(]nkZmbhg(pbma(

l/\/(bgc^\mbhgl/(Fkhnil(h_(+(.(fb\^(k^\^bo^](bg\k^Zlbg`(]hl^l(*36-(

61-(Zg](211(f`0d`-(mpb\^(p^^der+(Zg](^bma^k(_hk(5(hk(9(p^^dl/(U^(

\e^Zker(h[l^ko^](bg\k^Zlbg`(e^o^el(h_(@NM(bg(fnl\e^(pbma(bg\k^Zl.

bg`( ]hl^l( Zg](Zelh( Z\\nfneZmbhg(h_( @NM( ho^k( mbf^-( pab\a( pZl(

]bk^\mer( \hkk^eZm^]( pbma( ^qhg.ldbiibg`-( ]rlmkhiabg( e^o^el-( Zg](

bfikho^]( fnl\e^( &[^k( bgm^`kbmr( Zg]( _ng\mbhg/( @#^k( 9( p^^dl( h_(

mk^Zmf^gm-( ^o^g( Zm( ma^( ab`a^lm( ]hl^-( lm^Z]r.lmZm^(e^o^el( p^k^( ghm(

r^m(k^Z\a^]/(Enkma^k(lmn]b^l(bg(+(.(fb\^(Zk^(g^\^llZkr(mh(]^m^k.

fbg^(pa^g(lm^Z]r.lmZm^(e^o^el(Zk^(k^Z\a^]( nlbg`(]b%^k^gm(]hl^l-(

Zg](paZm(e^o^el(h_(]rlmkhiabg(*\hfiZk^](mh(a^Zemar(\hgmkhe+(Zk^(

ma^g(Z\ab^o^](bg(ma^(]b%^k^gm(fnl\e^(`khnil/(AZl^](hg(ma^(h[l^k.

oZmbhg( maZm( [hma( \hfihng]( Zg]( ]rlmkhiabg( e^o^el( Z\\nfneZm^(

ho^k(mbf^-(fnembie^(ehp(]hl^l(fZr([^(ik^_^kk^](ho^k(_^p^k(ab`a(

]hl^l(mh(fbgbfbs^(ma^(kbld(h_(mhqb\(^%^\ml/(@(lbfbeZk(arihma^lbl(

pZl(k^\^gmer(]^l\kb[^](_hk(OLN(bg(+(.(fb\^/38

EbgZeer-(p^(lahp(a^k^(maZm(ldbg([bhilb^l(\Zg([^(nl^](mh(]^m^\m(

]rlmkhiabg(k^lmhkZmbhg(bg(Zkk^\mhk(ibeb(lfhhma(fnl\e^(Z#^k(@NM(

mk^Zmf^gm/('bl(bl(Zg(bfihkmZgm(&g]bg`(maZm(fZr(aZo^(ab`a(oZen^(

bg( _nmnk^( \ebgb\Ze( lmn]b^l/( Hm( bl( Z( fZkd^]er( e^ll( bgoZlbo^( f^mah](

maZg(fnl\e^([bhilr(lZfiebg`(*k^e^oZgm(_hk(]bl\nllbhgl(pbma(f^]b.

\Ze(^mab\l(\hffbmm^^l+(Zg](fZr(^o^g(Zeehp(fnembie^([bhilb^l(ho^k(

mbf^(hk(Zm(]b%^k^gm(eh\Zmbhgl(mh(fhgbmhk(mk^Zmf^gm(^%^\ml/

Hg(\hg\enlbhg-(k^lneml(_khf(ma^l^(OJ0OC(lmn]b^l(hg(3NL^OQ(

bg(ma^(+(.(fhnl^(fh]^e(aZo^(Zeehp^](ma^(`^g^kZmbhg(h_(oZkbhnl(

OJ( lbfneZmbhg( fh]^el( Zg]( _Z\bebmZm^]( kZmbhgZe( ]^lb`g( h_( mhqb\bmr(

lmn]b^l(Zl(p^ee(Zl(Z(iaZl^(H0HHZ(lmn]r(hg(OPN162/(U^(lahp(maZm(

3NL^OQ(@NMl(Zk^(mZd^g(ni(Zm(ab`a(e^o^el([r(]rlmkhiab\(fnl\e^-(

maZm(3NL^OQ(@NMl(Zk^(lmZ[e^(Zg](aZo^(Z(_ZohkZ[e^(OJ(ikh&e^(Zg](

maZm(ma^r(\Zg(^Zlber([^(]^ebo^k^]([r(l/\/(bgc^\mbhgl/

4*;-81*39"*5,"4-;06,9

&4<9=9AB@1B9>=" >6" %,*5-/" &,+A" 9=" <4E" <935"!$(.( *B68Ae021Q\Qg.

f]q0I+( Zg]( pbe].mri^( *B68Ae07+( fb\^( p^k^( h[mZbg^]( _khf( BaZke^l( Pbo^k(

KZ[hkZmhkb^l(*LZZlmkb\am-(ma^(M^ma^keZg]l+/(@ee(^qi^kbf^gml(p^k^(Znmahkbs^](

Chapter 4

96

(10)

%&%*! 333",.+'&2+%01)'0%/4".0(""420#!%,!12#!*!/31.!&$%$!!!!

t$M]Z$9bZg^XVc$LdX^Zin$d[$@ZcZ$%$<Zaa$M]ZgVen ID+I=$9HG$LijY^Zh$^c$SK\$F^XZ

[r(ma^(ZgbfZe(^qi^kbf^gmZe(\hffbllbhg(h_(ma^(K^b]^g(Sgbo^klbmr(L^]b\Ze(

B^gm^k( *ikhc^\m( gh/( 111;6-( 14138-( 17172-( Zg]( 18262+/( '^( @NM( Ziieb^](

bg( ma^l^( ^qi^kbf^gml( pZl( Z( fhnl^.li^\b&\( 3NL^OQ( PM@( *Z( _nee.e^g`ma(

iahliahkhmabhZm^([Z\d[hg^(Zg](3%.%.f^mare(fh]b&^](kb[hl^(fhe^\ne^l+(

bg]n\bg`(^qhg(34(ldbiibg`(XL34C*,13x29+Y/32('^(@NM(pZl(Z]fbgblm^k^](

bg(lZebg^(Zm(]hl^l(h_(23/6-(36-(61-(211-(hk(361(f`0d`([r(^bma^k(b/f/-(b/o/-(b/i/-(hk(

l/\/(bgc^\mbhgl(*l^^((7441.2.36*58!)*+1.!("+/(Ehk(ma^(b/f/(bgc^\mbhgl-(fb\^(

p^k^(Zg^lma^mbs^]([r(b/i/(bgc^\mbhg(h_(Z(2<2(*ohe0ohe+(Grighkf0Chkfb\nf(

lhenmbhg( *IZgll^g( OaZkfZ\^nmb\Z-( F^^e-( A^e`bnf0Ph\a^( CbZ`ghlmb\l-(

@ef^k^-(ma^(M^ma^keZg]l+/(Hg(Zee(^qi^kbf^gml-(`khnil(h_(Zm(e^Zlm(mak^^(fb\^(

p^k^(nl^]-( mrib\Zeer( Zkhng](4x5( p^^dl( h_( Z`^/( Ehk( ieZlfZ( OJ(ZgZerlbl-(Z(

l^kb^l(h_([ehh](lZfie^l(p^k^(\hee^\m^](]bk^\mer(Z#^k(]hlbg`-(_khf(1/6(mh(;1(

fbgnm^l/( Lb\^( p^k^( dbee^]( Zm( ]b%^k^gm( mbf^( ihbgml( Z#^k( ma^( eZlm( bgc^\mbhg(

*3x25(]Zrl+/(Cb%^k^gm(ld^e^mZe(fnl\e^(`khnil-(a^Zkm-(db]g^r-(Zg](ebo^k(p^k^(

blheZm^](Zg](_khs^g(bg(ebjnb](gbmkh`^g.\hhe^](3.f^mare[nmZg^/

&,+" 8F2@949G1B9>=" ;971B9>=" 1AA1F$( '^( ZllZr( _hk( f^Zlnkbg`( ma^( \hg\^g.

mkZmbhg(h_(3NL^OQ(heb`hkb[hgn\e^hmb]^(34@NM(bg(ieZlfZ(Zg](mblln^(lZf.

ie^l(bl([Zl^](hg(Z(ar[kb]bsZmbhg(eb`Zmbhg(ZllZr(Zl(in[ebla^]([r(Vn()-!'*"39(@(

m^fieZm^(ikh[^(*6%.`ZZmZ`Z\`Z``mZZ`\\`Z``mmm``\\.[bhmbg.4%-(3;.f^k(CM@(

iahliaZm^( heb`hgn\e^hmb]^+( Zg]( Z( eb`Zmbhg( ikh[^( *6%.O.\`m\mZmm\.CHF.4%-(

;.f^k(CM@(iahliaZm^(heb`hgn\e^hmb]^+(p^k^(nl^]/('^(lZfie^(pZl(bg\n.

[Zm^]( pbma( ma^( m^fieZm^( ikh[^( *61(gfhe0e+( Zm( 48({B( _hk( 2( ahnk-( Zg]( ma^(

ar[kb]bs^](lZfie^l(p^k^(mkZgl_^kk^](mh(lmk^imZob]bg.\hZm^](;7.p^ee(ieZm^l/(

Qn[l^jn^gmer-(ma^(]b`hqb`^gbg.eZ[^e^](eb`Zmbhg(ikh[^(*3(gfhe0e+(pZl(Z]]^]/(

C^m^\mbhg(pZl(i^k_hkf^](pbma(Zgmb.CHF.ONC(*2<5-111=(Ph\a^(CbZ`ghlmb\l+-(

4-4%-6-6%.m^mkZf^mare[^gsb]bg^( ln[lmkZm^( *Qb`fZ( @e]kb\a-( Wpbcg]k^\am-( ma^(

M^ma^keZg]l+-(Zg](lmhi(lhenmbhg(*Qb`fZ(@e]kb\a+/(@[lhkimbhg(Zm(561(gf(pZl(

f^Zlnk^](bg(Z(AbhR^d(Qrg^k`r(GR(ieZm^(k^Z]^k(*A^ng(]^(Phg]^-(@[\hn]^-(

ma^( M^ma^keZg]l+/( '^( ieZlfZ( lZfie^l( p^k^( &klm( ]benm^]( m^g_he]( pbma(

iahliaZm^.[n%^k^](lZebg^(*OAQ+(*Hgobmkh`^g-(Ak^]Z-(ma^(M^ma^keZg]l+(Zg](

ln[l^jn^gm( ]benmbhgl(p^k^(]hg^(bg(2)(\hgmkhe( fhnl^(ieZlfZ( *HgghoZmbo^(

P^l^Zk\a-(MHAHN-(@flm^k]Zf-(ma^(M^ma^keZg]l+(bg(OAQ/('^(Z[lhkimbhg(pZl(

k^Z](Z`Zbglm(Z(\Zeb[kZmbhg(\nko^(h_(34@NM(ik^iZk^](bg(21)(\hgmkhe(fhnl^(

ieZlfZ(bg(OAQ/('^(mblln^(lZfie^l(p^k^(ahfh`^gbs^](mh(Z(\hg\^gmkZmbhg(h_(

71(f`0fe(bg(ikhmJ([n%^k(*211(ffhe0e(RkblxGBe-(iG(9/6-(311(ffhe0e(MZBe-(

6(ffhe0e(DCR@-(1/3)(lh]bnf((]h]^\re(lne_Zm^+(\hgmZbgbg`(3(f`0fe(h_(ikh.

m^bgZl^(J(*Hgobmkh`^g+-(_heehp^]([r(bg\n[Zmbhg(_hk(3(ahnkl(*ebo^k+(hk(5(ahnkl(

*db]g^r-( a^Zkm-( Zg]( ld^e^mZe( fnl\e^+( khmZmbg`( Zm( 66({B( bg( Z( ar[kb]bsZmbhg(

ho^g/(M^qm-(ma^(lZfie^l(p^k^(\^gmkb_n`^](_hk(26(fbgnm^l(Zm(fZqbfnf(li^^](

Zg](ma^(lni^kgZmZgm(pZl(nl^](bg(ma^(ZllZr/(Ehk(ebo^k(Zg](db]g^r(lZfie^l-(Zee(

]benmbhgl(*Zm(e^Zlm(311._he]+(p^k^(]hg^(bg(OAQ(Zg](ma^(Z[lhkimbhg(pZl(k^Z](

Z`Zbglm(Z(\Zeb[kZmbhg(\nko^(bg(\hgmkhe(ebo^k(hk(db]g^r(]benm^](bg(OAQ/(G^Zkm(

Zg](fnl\e^(lZfie^l(p^k^(&klm(]benm^](71._he](bg(OAQ-(ln[l^jn^gm(]benmbhgl(

Zg](ma^(\Zeb[kZmbhg(\nko^l(p^k^(]hg^(bg(71._he](\hgmkhe(a^Zkm(hk(fnl\e^(bg(

OAQ/

.5D5@A5"B@1=A3@9?B9>=#-'."1=1;FA9A"(Lnl\e^(lZfie^l(p^k^(ahfh`^gbs^](bg(

ma^(PM@.A^^( lhenmbhg(*BZfikh(Q\b^gmb&\-(T^^g^g]ZZe-( ma^( M^ma^keZg]l+(

nlbg`( Z( LZ`MZKrl^k( *Ph\a^( CbZ`ghlmb\l+( Zg]( LZ`MZKrl^k( `k^^g( [^Z]l(

*Ph\a^( CbZ`ghlmb\l+/( RhmZe( PM@( pZl( blheZm^]( Zg]( inkb&^]( Z\\hk]bg`( mh(

ma^(fZgn_Z\mnk^kul(bglmkn\mbhgl/(Ehk(\hfie^f^gmZkr(CM@(lrgma^lbl(pbma(

RkZgl\kbimhk( P^o^kl^( RkZgl\kbimZl^( iherf^kZl^( *Ph\a^( CbZ`ghlmb\l+-(

511(g`( h_( PM@( pZl( nl^]( bg( Z( 31($e( k^Z\mbhg( Zm( 71({B( _hk( 41( fbgnm^l( Zg](

k^o^kl^(ikbf^](pbma(Zg(^qhg(36(fhnl^.li^\b&\(ikbf^k/(Ebklm-(OBPl(p^k^(

i^k_hkf^](pbma(hnm^k(ikbf^kl(bg(^qhgl(32(Zg](37-(_hk(31(\r\e^l(h_(;5({B(*51(

l^\hg]l+-(71({B(*51(l^\hg]l+-(Zg](83({B(*71(l^\hg]l+/(Ng^(fb\khebm^k(h_(mabl(

k^Z\mbhg(fbqmnk^(*]benm^](2<21+(pZl(ma^g(k^.Zfieb&^](nlbg`(g^lm^](ikbf^kl(

bg(^qhgl(33(Zg](35(pbma(43(\r\e^l(h_(;5({B(*51(l^\hg]l+-(71({B(*51(l^\hg]l+-(

Zg](83({B(*71(l^\hg]l+/(OBP(ikh]n\ml(p^k^(ZgZers^](hg(3)(Z`Zkhl^(`^el/(

Qdbiibg`( ^$\b^g\b^l( p^k^( l^fbjnZgmbmZmbo^er( ]^m^kfbg^]( Zl( i^k\^gmZ`^l(

h_(ma^(mhmZe(*ldbi(Zg](ngldbii^]+(Zfhngm([r(jnZgmb&\Zmbhg(h_(OBP(ikh].

n\ml(nlbg`(ma^(CM@(2111(KZ[Babi(Jbm(Zg](ma^(@`be^gm(3211([bhZgZers^k(

*@`be^gm(R^\agheh`b^l-(@flm^eo^^g-(ma^(M^ma^keZg]l+/

05AB5@=" 2;>B" 1=1;FA9A"( U^lm^kg( [ehmmbg`( pZl( i^k_hkf^]( Zl( ]^l\kb[^]/3;( Akb^"r-(fnl\e^l(p^k^(ahfh`^gbs^](mh(Z(\hg\^gmkZmbhg(h_(36(f`0fe(bg(mk^Zm.

f^gm([n%^k(*86(ffhe0e(RkblxGBe(iG(7/9-(26)(lh]bnf(]h]^\re((lne_Zm^-(6)(

#.f^k\Zimh^maZghe-(3)(`er\^khe-(1/112)([khfhia^ghe([en^+(nlbg`(LZ`MZ(

Krl^k(`k^^g([^Z]l(bg(ma^(LZ`MZ(Krl^k/(QZfie^l(*Zee(t71($`(ikhm^bg+(p^k^(

[hbe^](_hk(6(fbgnm^l-(ehZ]^](hg(Z(5x8)(`kZ]b^gm(iherZ\kreZfb]^(`^e(Zg](

kng(ho^kgb`am(Zm(5({B/(F^el(p^k^([ehmm^](mh(gbmkh\^eenehl^(A@94(*UaZmfZg-(

G^kmh`^g[hl\a-(ma^(M^ma^keZg]l+(_hk(7(ahnkl(Zm(5({B/(Aehml(p^k^([eh\d^](

pbma( 6)( ghg_Zm( ]kb^]( fbed( *BZfibgZ-( Phmm^k]Zf-( ma^( M^ma^keZg]l+( bg(

OAQ(_heehp^]([r(Zg(ho^kgb`am(bg\n[Zmbhg(pbma(MBK.CVQ2(*]benmbhg(2<236=(

MhoZBZlmkZ-(M^p\Zlme^-(SJ+(bg(Rkbl.[n%^k^](lZebg^(ienl(1/16)(Rp^^g.31(

mh( ]^m^\m( ]rlmkhiabg/( '^( "nhk^l\^gm( HPCr^( 911BU( `hZm( Zgmb.fhnl^(

bffngh`eh[nebg( *]benmbhg( 2<6-111=( Kb.Bhk-( Kbg\heg-( MD+( pZl( nl^]( Zl( Z(

(l^\hg]Zkr(Zgmb[h]r/(Aehml(p^k^(oblnZebs^](Zg](jnZgmb&^](pbma(ma^(N]rll^r(

lrlm^f(Zg](lh#pZk^(*Kb.Bhk+/

(<<C=>!C>@5A35=35"1=1;FA9A"1@@53B>@"?9;9"<CA3;5"(Q^\mbhgl(h_(ldbg([bhi.

lb^l( mZd^g( _khf( Zgm^kbhk( e^`-( ]hklZe( mZbe( k^`bhg-( Zg]( g^\d( l\n%( k^`bhg( h_(

mk^Zm^]( +(.-(ngmk^Zm^]( +(.-( Zg]( pbe].mri^( fb\^( p^k^( eZ[^e^](pbma( Zgmb.

]rlmkhiabg(Zgmb[h]r(*kZ[[bm(iher\ehgZe=(QZgmZ(Bkns(Abhm^\agheh`r-(LbeZg-(

HmZer+(Zg](bg\n[Zm^](pbma(Z(RPHRB.\hgcn`Zm^](l^\hg]Zkr(Zgmb[h]r(*C@JN-(

LbeZg-(HmZer+/(@ee(lZfie^l(p^k^(]hn[e^.eZ[^e^](pbma(Zg(Zgmb.]^lfbg(Zgmb.

[h]r(*`hZm(iher\ehgZe(2<21=(QZgmZ(Bkns(Abhm^\agheh`r+(Zg](bg\n[Zm^](pbma(

Zgmb.`hZm( "nhk^l\^bg( blhmabh\rZgZm^.\hgcn`Zm^]( Zgmb[h]r( *2<211=( Qb`fZ(

@e]kb\a+/(@ee(lZfie^l(p^k^(h[l^ko^](pbma(Z(Mbdhg(D\ebil^(91b("nhk^l\^g\^(

fb\khl\hi^(*Mbdhg(Hglmknf^gml-(Eehk^g\^-(HmZer+/

')"1=1;FA9A"(Aehh](pZl(\hee^\m^](bg(Z(fbgb\hee^\m(mn[^(*Fk^bg^k([bh.hg^-(

@eia^g(ZZg(]^(Pbcg-(ma^(M^ma^keZg]l+(makhn`a(Z(lfZee(\nm(Zm(ma^(^g](h_(ma^(

mZbe/(Q^knf(BJ(e^o^el(p^k^(]^m^kfbg^](nlbg`(P^"hmkhg(BJ(lmkbil(*Ph\a^(

CbZ`ghlmb\l+(bg(ma^(P^"hmkhg(Oenl(*Ph\a^(CbZ`ghlmb\l+/

.>B1@>4"1=1;FA9A"(Lb\^(p^k^(ieZ\^](hg(ma^(PhmZkh](*S`h(AZlbe^-(Bhf^kbh-(

HmZer+-( pab\a( Z\\^e^kZm^](_khf( 6( mh(56( k/i/f/( bg( ma^( &klm( 26( l^\hg]l/( '^(

mbf^( li^gm( hg( ma^( kh]( pZl( k^\hk]^]/( '^( l^llbhg( pZl( ^g]^]( pa^g( fb\^(

p^k^(Z[e^(mh(kng(_hk(611(l^\hg]l/(Lb\^(maZm(_^ee(h%(pbmabg(611(l^\hg]l(p^k^(

`bo^g(Z(fZqbfnf(h_(mph(fhk^(mkb^l/('^(ehg`^lm(knggbg`(mbf^(pZl(nl^](

_hk(ZgZerl^l/

/B1B9AB931;"1=1;FA9A"(Kbg^Zk(k^`k^llbhg(ZgZerl^l(p^k^(i^k_hkf^](pbma(ma^(P(

iZ\dZ`^(*ammi<00ppp/PiZ\dZ`^/hk`+/

9<773-4-5;*8>"4*;-81*3

789A=!6%#$ Hjia^cZ$d[$i]Z$Y^[[ZgZci$ZmeZg^bZcih*

*+256=3-,/4-5;9

PZ$ VgZ$ \gViZ[ja$ id$ FVV^`Z$ kVc$ IjiiZc$ [dg$ ]Zg$ ]Zae$ l^i]$ i]Z$ hiVi^hi^) XVa$ VcVanh^h*$ M]^h$ ldg`$ lVh$ hjeedgiZY$ Wn$ IgdhZchV$ M]ZgVeZji^Xh$ VcY$

Wn$ \gVcih$ [gdb$ i]Z$ =jX]ZccZ$ IVgZci$ Igd_ZXi$ &i]Z$ GZi]ZgaVcYh'$ VcY$

SdcFl$ &i]Z$ GZi]ZgaVcYh'($ i]Z$ MK>9M)GF=$ cZildg`$ d[$ ZmXZaaZcXZ$

&d[$ l]^X]$ i]Z$ENF<$ VcY$ i]Z$ Nc^kZgh^in$ d[$ ?ZggVgV$ VgZ$ eVgicZgh'($ VcY$

MZaZi]dc$&BiVan'*

8-.-8-5+-9

-*$ Ad[[bVc($>I($;gdlc($KA$Cg$VcY$Djc`Za($EF$&"*)('*$=nhigde]^c6$i]Z$egdiZ^c$

egdYjXi$d[$i]Z$=jX]ZccZ$bjhXjaVg$Ynhigde]n$adXjh*$5LRR$)%6$5-5r5.4*

.*$ 9VgihbV)Kjh($9($OVc$=ZjiZ`db($C<($?d``ZbV($B?($OVc$HbbZc($@C$VcY$$

=Zc$=jccZc($CM$&#!!''*$>cig^Zh$^c$i]Z$EZ^YZc$=jX]ZccZ$bjhXjaVg$Ynhigde]n$

bjiVi^dc$YViVWVhZ6$Vc$dkZgk^Zl$d[$bjiVi^dc$ineZh$VcY$eVgVYdm^XVa$XVhZh$i]Vi$

Xdc#gb$i]Z$gZVY^c\)[gVbZ$gjaZ*$?ZXJRL!@LW[L$'(6$-/1r-00*

/*$ FdcVXd($9I($;ZgiZahdc($<C($E^ZX]i^)@VaaVi^($L($FdhZg($A$VcY$Djc`Za($EF$&"*))'*$

9c$ZmeaVcVi^dc$[dg$i]Z$e]Zcdine^X$Y^[[ZgZcXZh$WZilZZc$eVi^Zcih$WZVg^c\$eVgi^Va$

YZaZi^dch$d[$i]Z$=F=$adXjh*$9LTUSPJX$&6$5,r51*

0*$ Ad[[bVc($>I($?^hX]WZX`($DA($;gdlc($KA($Cd]chdc($F($FZYdg^($K($Ed^`Z($C=$LY!HR*$

&"*))'*$<]VgVXiZg^oVi^dc$d[$Ynhigde]^c$^c$bjhXaZ)W^dehn$heZX^bZch$[gdb$eVi^Zcih$

l^i]$=jX]ZccZqh$dg$;ZX`Zgqh$bjhXjaVg$Ynhigde]n*$@!7TNR!=!?LK$'%,6$-/2/r-/24*

1*$ kVc$HbbZc($@C($kVc$=ZjiZ`db($C$VcY$9VgihbV)Kjh($9$&#!!)'*$M]Z$

i]ZgVeZji^X$ediZci^Va$d[$Vci^hZchZ)bZY^ViZY$Zmdc$h`^ee^c\*$5ZWW!AVPT!!

?UR!EOLW$%$6$-0,r-05*

PK and PD studies on 2OMePS AONs in mdx

97

(11)

#('&%+'$*"!&*$),""420#!%,!12#!*!/31.!&$%$! %&%+

t$M]Z$9bZg^XVc$LdX^Zin$d[$@ZcZ$%$<Zaa$M]ZgVen

ID+I=$9HG$LijY^Zh$^c$SK\$F^XZ

2*$ AZZbh`Zg`($A9($YZ$P^ciZg($<E($YZ$D^beZ($LC($kVc$Dj^`)KdbZ^_c($I($AZjkZabVch($G($

IaViZcWjg\($@C$LY!HR*$&#!!*'*$<T![P[U$XdbeVg^hdc$d[$.%)A)bZi]na$e]dhe]dgdi]^dViZ$

VcY$bdge]da^cd$Vci^hZchZ$da^\dcjXaZdi^YZh$[dg$=jX]ZccZ$bjhXjaVg$Ynhigde]n$Zmdc$

h`^ee^c\*$=!9LTL!?LK$%%6$.13r.22*

3*$ 9VgihbV)Kjh($9($DVbVc($P>($;gZbbZg);dji($F($CVchdc($99($YZc$=jccZc($CM($$

kVc$HbbZc($@C$LY!HR*$&#!!%'*$<dbeVgVi^kZ$VcVanh^h$d[$Vci^hZchZ$da^\dcjXaZdi^YZ$

VcVad\h$[dg$iVg\ZiZY$=F=$Zmdc$02$h`^ee^c\$^c$bjhXaZ$XZaah*$9LTL!EOLW$%%6$

-/5-r-/54*

4*$ 9VgihbV)Kjh($9($CVchdc($99($DVbVc($P>($;gZbbZg);dji($F($kVc$HbbZc($@C($$

YZc$=jccZc($CM$LY!HR*$&#!!%'*$9ci^hZchZ)^cYjXZY$bjai^Zmdc$h`^ee^c\$[dg$

=jX]ZccZ$bjhXjaVg$Ynhigde]n$bV`Zh$bdgZ$hZchZ*$3S!=!;ZS!9LTLY$+(6$4/r5.*

5*$ 9aiZg($C($Edj($?($KVW^cdl^io($9($R^c($A($KdhZc[ZaY($C($P^aidc($L=$LY!HR*$&#!!''*$LnhiZb^X$

YZa^kZgn$d[$bdge]da^cd$da^\dcjXaZdi^YZ$gZhidgZh$Ynhigde]^c$ZmegZhh^dc$WdYnl^YZ$

VcY$^begdkZh$Ynhigde]^X$eVi]dad\n*$@HY!?LK$%&6$-31r-33*

-,*$ 9gZX]VkVaV)@dbZoV($O($@gV]Vb($BK($IdeeaZlZaa($EC($9YVbh($9F($9VgihbV)Kjh($9($$

D^cVa^($F$LY!HR*$&#!!('*$<dbeVgVi^kZ$VcVanh^h$d[$Vci^hZchZ$da^\dcjXaZdi^YZ$hZfjZcXZh$

[dg$iVg\ZiZY$h`^ee^c\$d[$Zmdc$1-$Yjg^c\$Ynhigde]^c$egZ)bKG9$hea^X^c\$^c$]jbVc$

bjhXaZ*$;ZS!9LTL!EOLW$%,6$354r4-,*

--*$ ;gZbbZg);dji($F($9VgihbV)Kjh($9($YZ$FZ^_Zg($>C($DVbVc($P>($CVchdc($99($OdhhZc($KA$

LY!HR*$&#!!%'*$MVg\ZiZY$Zmdc$h`^ee^c\$^c$igVch\Zc^X$]=F=$b^XZ6$V$bdYZa$[dg$Y^gZXi$

egZXa^c^XVa$hXgZZc^c\$d[$]jbVc)heZX^#X$Vci^hZchZ$da^\dcjXaZdi^YZh*$?UR!EOLW$%$6$

./.r.0,*

-.*$ Ej($JE($FVcc($<C($Edj($?($;dj)@]Vg^dh($@($Fdgg^h($@>($QjZ($L9$LY!HR*$&#!!$'*$?jcXi^dcVa$

Vbdjcih$d[$Ynhigde]^c$egdYjXZY$Wn$h`^ee^c\$i]Z$bjiViZY$Zmdc$^c$i]Z$SK\$Ynhigde]^X$

bdjhZ*$@HY!?LK$-6$-,,5r-,-0*

-/*$ FVcc($<C($AdcZnbVc($D($<]Zc\($9C($En($M($EadnY($?($?aZiX]Zg($L$LY!HR*$&#!!"'*$$

9ci^hZchZ)^cYjXZY$Zmdc$h`^ee^c\$VcY$hnci]Zh^h$d[$Ynhigde]^c$^c$i]Z$SK\$bdjhZ*$$

BWUJ!@HYR!3JHK!DJP!FD3$-,6$0.r03*

-0*$ FX<adgZn($@($Fdjaidc($AF($BkZghZc($IE($?aZiX]Zg($L$VcY$P^aidc($L=$&#!!''*$9ci^hZchZ$

da^\dcjXaZdi^YZ)^cYjXZY$Zmdc$h`^ee^c\$gZhidgZh$Ynhigde]^c$ZmegZhh^dc$PT![PYWU$^c$V$

XVc^cZ$bdYZa$d[$=F=*$9LTL!EOLW$%'6$-/3/r-/4-*

-1*$ Rd`diV($M($Ej($JE($IVgig^Y\Z($M($DdWVnVh]^($F($GV`VbjgV($9($MV`ZYV($L$LY!HR*$&#!!*'*$

>[#XVXn$d[$hnhiZb^X$bdge]da^cd$Zmdc)h`^ee^c\$^c$=jX]ZccZ$Ynhigde]n$Yd\h*$$

3TT!@LZWUR$*)6$223r232*

-2*$ Pj($;($Fdjaidc($AF($BkZghZc($IE($C^Vc\($C($E^($C($E^($C$LY!HR*$&#!!)'*$>[[ZXi^kZ$gZhXjZ$d[$

Ynhigde]^c$^begdkZh$XVgY^VX$[jcXi^dc$^c$Ynhigde]^c)YZ#X^Zci$b^XZ$Wn$V$bdY^#ZY$

bdge]da^cd$da^\dbZg*$BWUJ!@HYR!3JHK!DJP!FD3$%$)6$-04-0r-04-5*

-3*$ R^c($A($Ej($J$VcY$PddY($F$&#!!)'*$>[[ZXi^kZ$Zmdc$h`^ee^c\$VcY$gZhidgVi^dc$d[$

Ynhigde]^c$ZmegZhh^dc$Wn$eZei^YZ$cjXaZ^X$VX^Y$Vci^hZchZ$da^\dcjXaZdi^YZh$^c$SK\$b^XZ*$

?UR!EOLW$%*6$/4r01*

-4*$ 9VgihbV)Kjh($9$VcY$kVc$HbbZc($@C$&#!!*'*$EZhh$^h$bdgZ6$i]ZgVeZji^X$Zmdc$

h`^ee^c\$[dg$=jX]ZccZ$bjhXjaVg$Ynhigde]n*$>HTJLY!@LZWUR$,6$43/r431*

-5*$ kVc$=ZjiZ`db($C<($CVchdc($99($@^c_VVg($B;($?gVc`]j^oZc($PL($9VgihbV) Kjh($9($;gZbbZg);dji($F$LY!HR*$&#!!('*$EdXVa$Ynhigde]^c$gZhidgVi^dc$l^i]$

Vci^hZchZ$da^\dcjXaZdi^YZ$IKH,1-*$@!7TNR!=!?LK$')+6$.233r.242*

.,*$ D^cVa^($F($9gZX]VkVaV)@dbZoV($O($?Zc\($E($<^gV`($L($Ajci($=($9Y`^c($<$LY!HR*$&#!!*'*$

EdXVa$gZhidgVi^dc$d[$Ynhigde]^c$ZmegZhh^dc$l^i]$i]Z$bdge]da^cd$da^\dbZg$$

9OB)0214$^c$=jX]ZccZ$bjhXjaVg$Ynhigde]n6$V$h^c\aZ)Wa^cY($eaVXZWd)XdcigdaaZY($$

YdhZ)ZhXVaVi^dc($egdd[)d[)XdcXZei$hijYn*$>HTJLY!@LZWUR$,6$5-4r5.4*

.-*$ Ej($JE($KVW^cdl^io($9($<]Zc($R<($Rd`diV($M($R^c($A($9aiZg($C$LY!HR*$&#!!&'*$LnhiZb^X$

YZa^kZgn$d[$Vci^hZchZ$da^\dg^WdcjXaZdi^YZ$gZhidgZh$Ynhigde]^c$ZmegZhh^dc$^c$WdYn)l^YZ$

h`ZaZiVa$bjhXaZh*$BWUJ!@HYR!3JHK!DJP!FD3$%$&6$-54r.,/*

..*$ FVcc($<C($AdcZnbVc($D($FX<adgZn($@($?aZiX]Zg($L$VcY$P^aidc($L=$&#!!#'*$

BbegdkZY$Vci^hZchZ$da^\dcjXaZdi^YZ$^cYjXZY$Zmdc$h`^ee^c\$^c$i]Z$SK\$bdjhZ$

bdYZa$d[$bjhXjaVg$Ynhigde]n*$=!9LTL!?LK$(6$200r210*

./*$ FVgW^c^($9($@Zb^\cVc^($?($;ZaaVcdkV($F?($@j^YZii^($=$VcY$?ZggVg^($9$&"**''*$

Bbbjcd]^hidX]Zb^XVa$adXVa^oVi^dc$d[$jigde]^c$VcY$di]Zg$Xnidh`ZaZiVa$egdiZ^ch$

^c$h`^c$hbddi]$bjhXaZ$^c$cZjgdbjhXjaVg$Y^hZVhZh*$=!@LZWUR!DJP$%('6$-12r-2,*

.0*$ MVckZZg($G($L]VgbV($F<($LVg`Vg($<($@jaVi^($L($DVagV($O($L^c\]($L$LY!HR*$&#!!*'*$

=^V\cdhi^X$ji^a^in$d[$h`^c$W^dehn$^c$Ynhigde]^cdeVi]^Zh*$5RPT!@LZWUR!@LZWUXZWN$%%%6$

052r1,.*

.1*$ ?Zga^c^($9($LVWViZaa^($I($?VWg^h($F($;Vhh^($>($?VaoVgVcd($L($OViiZb^($@$LY!HR*$&#!"!'*$

=nhigde]^c$gZhidgVi^dc$^c$h`ZaZiVa($]ZVgi$VcY$h`^c$VggZXidg$e^a^$hbddi]$bjhXaZ$d[$SK\$

b^XZ$Wn$SF.$GI)9HG$XdbeaZmZh*$9LTL!EOLW$%+6$0/.r0/4*

.2*$ Ad[[bVc($>I$&#!!('*$L`^ee^c\$idlVgY$eZghdcVa^oZY$bdaZXjaVg$bZY^X^cZ*$@!7TNR!=!?LK$

')+6$.3-5r.3..*

.3*$ FVaZgWV($9($M]dgd\ddY($?<($=^X`hdc($@$VcY$@gV]Vb($BK$&#!!*'*$=dh^c\$gZ\^bZc$

]Vh$V$h^\c^#XVci$^beVXi$dc$i]Z$Z[#X^ZcXn$d[$bdge]da^cd$da^\dbZg)^cYjXZY$Zmdc$

h`^ee^c\$^c$SK\$b^XZ*$;ZS!9LTL!EOLW$&$6$511r521*

.4*$ Rj($KS($;V`Zg($;($<]VeeZaa($9($@ZVgn($KL($<]Zjc\($>$VcY$EZk^c($99$&#!!#'*$

=ZkZadebZci$d[$Vc$jaigVhZch^i^kZ$cdcXdbeZi^i^kZ$]nWg^Y^oVi^dc)a^\Vi^dc$$

ZconbZ)a^c`ZY$^bbjcdhdgWZci$VhhVn$[dg$i]Z$YZiZgb^cVi^dc$d[$e]dhe]dgdi]^dViZ$

da^\dYZdmncjXaZdi^YZ$^c$eaVhbV*$3THR!4PUJOLS$'$(6$-5r.1*

.5*$ 9VgihbV)Kjh($9($CVchdc($99($DVbVc($P>($;gZbbZg);dji($F($YZc$=jccZc($CM($$

;VVh($?$LY!HR*$&#!!$'*$M]ZgVeZji^X$Vci^hZchZ)^cYjXZY$Zmdc$h`^ee^c\$^c$XjaijgZY$$

bjhXaZ$XZaah$[gdb$h^m$Y^[[ZgZci$=F=$eVi^Zcih*$;ZS!?UR!9LTLY$%&6$5,3r5-0*

Chapter 4

98

Referenties

GERELATEERDE DOCUMENTEN

Since expression of Serpins may facilitate the immune escape of HLA positive tumors, we next analysed the effect of Serpin expression on survival in cases with normal/partial

Detection of amyloid plaques in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease by magnetic resonance imaging.. Apostolova

Echter, omdat de bloedvaten en het celmembraan in spiervezels bij de ziekte van Duchenne beschadigd zijn en niet goed functioneren, komt er toch een grote hoeveelheid AONs in de

Laboratory Investigation 90(2010):1396-402 Heemskerk H, de Winter CL, van Ommen GJB, van Deutekom JCT and Aartsma-Rus A Development of antisense-mediated exon skipping as a

Refinement of antisense oligonucleotide mediated exon skipping as therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy..

Peripheral blood cells were stained with HLA-A2.1 tetramers containing the tyrosinase368–376 peptide followed by staining with a panel of lineage antibodies, as described in

Blades and blade fragments seem to have been especially used for longitudinal motions, mainly on plant material (7/12). Flake and flake fragments are used in different motions on

This shape also occurs in the combination artefacts (see below). The shape is the result of intensive use in a repetitive abrasive motion, carried out from different angles. In