Driving slow motorised vehicles with visual impairment
Cordes, Christina
IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below.
Document Version
Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
Publication date: 2018
Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database
Citation for published version (APA):
Cordes, C. (2018). Driving slow motorised vehicles with visual impairment: An exploration of driving safety. University of Groningen.
Copyright
Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).
Take-down policy
If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.
Anderson, S. W., Aksan, N., Dawson, J. D., Uc, E. Y., Johnson, A. M., & Rizzo, M. w(2012). Neuropsychological assessment of driving safety risk in older adults with and without neurologic disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 34(9), 895–905. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2011.63 0654
Auger, C., Demers, L., Gélinas, I., Jutai, J., Fuhrer, M. J., & DeRuyter, F. (2008). Powered Mobility for Middle-Aged and Older Adults. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 87(8), 666–680. https://doi.org/10.1097/ PHM.0b013e31816de163
Bédard, M., Parkkari, M., Weaver, B., Riendeau, J., & Dahlquist, M. (2011). Assessment of Driving Performance Using a Simulator Protocol: Validity and Reproducibility. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 64(2), 336–340.
Bertone, A., Bettinelli, L., & Faubert, J. (2007). The impact of blurred vision on cognitive assessment. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 29(5), 467–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390600770793
Bieliauskas, L. A. (2005). Neuropsychological assessment of geriatic driving competence. Brain Injury, 19(3), 221–226. https://doi. org/10.1080/02699050400017213
Bos, J. E., Ledegang, W. D., Lubeck, A. J. A., & Stins, J. F. (2013). Cinerama sickness and postural instability. Ergonomics, 56(9), 1430–1436. https://doi.org/10.108 0/00140139.2013.817614
Brookhuis, K. A., & De Waard, D. (2010). Measuring physiology in simulators. In D. Fisher, J. D. Lee, J. K. Caird, & M. Rizzo (Eds.), Handbook of driving simulation for engineering, medicine and psychology (pp. 233–241). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Brooks, J. O., Goodenough, R. R., Crisler, M. C., Klein, N. D., Alley, R. L., Koon, B. L., … Wills, R. F. (2010). Simulator sickness during driving simulation studies. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42(3), 788–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. aap.2009.04.013
Brouwer, W. H. (2010). Autorijden bij dementie en cognitieve functiebeperkingen. In Van der Mast, R., Heeren, T., Kat, M., Stek, M., Vandenbulke, M., Verhey, F. (Eds.), Handboek Ouderenpsychiatrie (p. 183-194). Utrecht: De Tijdstroom. Brouwer, W. H. (2015). Rijgeschiktheid bij hersenaandoeningen in medisch en
psychologisch perspectief. Tijdschrift voor Neuropsychologie 3, 169–181. Brouwer, W. H., Busscher, R. B., Davidse, R. J., Pot, H., & Van Wolffelaar, P.
(2011). Traumatic Brain Injury : Tests in a Driving Simulator as part of the Neuropsychological Assessment of Fitness to Drive. In D. L. Fisher, M. Rizzo, J. K. Caird, & J. D. Lee (Eds.), Handbook of Driving Simulation for Engineering,
Medicine and Psychology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Brouwer, W. H., & Ponds, R. W. (1994). Driving competence in older persons. Disability and Rehabilitation, 16(3), 149–161. https://doi. org/10.3109/09638289409166291
Brouwer, W., & Withaar, F. (1997). Fitness to drive after traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 7, 177–193. https://doi. org/10.1080/713755536
Carp, F. M. (1988). Significance of mobility for the well-being of the elderly. Transportation in an Aging Society: Improving Mobility and Safety of Older Persons, 2, 1–20.
Classen, S., Wang, Y., Crizzle, A. M., Winter, S. M., & Lanford, D. N. (2013). Predicting older driver on-road performance by means of the useful field of view and trail making test part b. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67(5), 574–582. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2013.008136
Coeckelbergh, T. R. M.; Brouwer, Wiebo H.; Cornelissen, Frans W., Kooijman, A. C. (2001). Training compensatory viewing strategies: Feasibility and effect on practical fitness to drive in subjects with visual field defects. Visual Impairment Research, 3(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1076/vimr.3.2.67.8660
Coeckelbergh, T. R. M., Brouwer, W. H., Cornelissen, F. W., & Kooijman, A. C. (2004). Predicting Practical Fitness to Drive in Drivers With Visual Field Defects Caused by Ocular Pathology. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 46(4), 748–760. https://doi.org/10.1518/ hfes.46.4.748.56818
Coeckelbergh, T. R. M., Brouwer, W. H., Cornelissen, F. W., Van Wolffelaar, P., & Kooijman, A. C. (2002). The effect of visual field defects on driving performance: a driving simulator study. Archives of Ophthalmology, 120(11), 1509–1516. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. Hillsdale,
NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Colenbrander, A. (2001). Measuring vision and vision loss. Retrieved from http:// www.ski.org/Colenbrander/Images/Measuring_Vis_Duane01.pdf
European Commission (2010). Regulation on two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/smart-regulation/impact/ ia_carried_out/docs/ia_2010/sec_2010_1151_en.pdf
Consumer Safety Commission (2008). Recommendation on the safety of light engine-powered quadricycles or “minicars”. Retrieved from http://www. securiteconso.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/AVIS-VOITURETTES-ANGLAIS.pdf
Cordes, C., Heutink, J., Brookhuis, K. A., Brouwer, W. H., & Melis-Dankers, B. J. M. (2018). Mobility scooter driving ability in visually impaired individuals. Disability and Rehabilitation, 40(12), 1372-1378. https://doi.org/10.1080/096 38288.2017.1295471
Cordes, C., Heutink, J., Tucha, O. M., Brookhuis, K. A., Brouwer, W. H., & Melis-Dankers, B. J. M. (2017). Vision-related fitness to drive mobility scooters: A practical driving test. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 49(3), 270–276. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2194
Dawson, D. R., Kaiserman-Goldenstein, E., Chan, R., & Gleason, J. (1995). Power-Mobility Indoor Driving Assessment Manual (PIDA). Retrieved from http:// fhs.mcmaster.ca/powermobility/PIDA_Instructions_2006.pdf
De Haan, G. (2016). Homonymous hemianopia: Impact on daily life and the effects of scanning training on mobility. University of Groningen:Groningen, the Netherlands.
De Haan, G. A., Melis-Dankers, B. J. M., Brouwer, W. H., Bredewoud, R. A., Tucha, O., & Heutink, J. (2014). Car Driving Performance in Hemianopia: An On-Road Driving Study. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 55(10), 6482–6489. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.14-14042
De Haan, G. A., Melis-Dankers, B. J. M., Brouwer, W. H., Tucha, O., & Heutink, J. (2015). The Effects of Compensatory Scanning Training on Mobility in Patients with Homonymous Visual Field Defects : A Randomized Controlled Trial, PLoS ONE 10(8), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134459
De Haan, G. A., Tucha, O., & Heutink, J. Effects of Low Visual Acuity on Neuropsychological Test Scores: a Simulation Study. Manuscipt submitted for publication.
De Hoog, A. (2013). Fit and skilled to drive? The use of slow motorized vehicles: an overview. University of Groningen: Groningen, the Netherlands.
De Waard, D., & Brookhuis, K. A. (1997). Behavioural adaptation of drivers to warning and tutoring messages: Results from an on-the-road and simulator test. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 4, 222–234.
Deverell, E. A. (Lil). (2011). Equipping Orientation and Mobility Specialists for Low Vision Scooter Work. Monash University: Melbourne, Australia.
Deverell, L., & Ong, D. (2011). Removing the blinkers on scooter use with low vision. Independent Living, 27(4), 22–25.
Dotzauer, M. (2014). Longer-term effects of ADAS use on driving performance of healthy older drivers and drivers diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. University of Groningen: Groningen, the Netherlands.
Dow, J. (2011). Visual Field Defects May Not Affect Safe Driving. Traffic Injury Prevention, 12(5), 483–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2011.582906 Eck, D., Schilling, K., Abdul-Majeed, A., Thielecke, J., Richter, P., Boronat, J. G., …
Lang, F. R. (2012). Mobility assistance for older people. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 9(1), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.3233/ABB-2012-0053
Edwards, K., & McCluskey, A. (2010). A survey of adult power wheelchair and scooter users. Disability and Rehabilitation. Assistive Technology, 5(6), 411– 419. https://doi.org/10.3109/17483101003793412
Swov-factsheet (2012). Kwetsbaare verkeersdeelnemers. SWOV. Leidschendam: 1-6.
Erren-Wolters, C. V., van Dijk, H., de Kort, A. C., Ijzerman, M. J., & Jannink, M. J. (2007). Virtual reality for mobility devices: training applications and clinical results: a review. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 30(2), 91– 96. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280600964406
Fabriek, E., De Waard, D., & Schepers, J. P. (2012). Improving the visibility of bicycle infrastructure. International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 1(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHFE.2012.045274
Fairclough, S. H., Tattersall, A. J., & Houston, K. (2006). Anxiety and performance in the British driving test. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2005.08.004
Fehr, L., Langbein, W. E., & Skaar, S. B. (2000). Adequacy of power wheelchair control interfaces for persons with severe disabilities: a clinical survey. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 37(3), 353–60. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10917267
Ferris, F. L., Kassoff, A., Bresnick, G. H., & Bailey, I. (1982). New visual acuity charts for clinical research. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 94(1), 91–96.
Field, D. (1999). Powered Mobility: A Literature Review Illustrating the Importance of a Multifaceted Approach. Assistive Technology, 11(1), 20–33. https://doi.or g/10.1080/10400435.1999.10131982
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189–198.
Fuermaier, A. B. M., Piersma, D., de Waard, D., Davidse, R. J., de Groot, J., Doumen, M. J. A., … Tucha, O. (2017). Assessing fitness to drive—A validation study on patients with mild cognitive impairment. Traffic Injury Prevention, 18(2), 145–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2016.1232809
impaired persons toward the use of public transportation. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, October, 446-459.
Gwehenberger, J. Reinkemeyer, C., & Kühn, M. (2008). Sicherheitsrisikos von Leichtkraftfahrzeugen. Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift (ATZ), Verkehrsunfall Und Fahrzeugtechnik (VKU), 5.
Hall, K., Partnoy, J., Tenenbaum, S., & Dawson, D. R. (2005). Power Mobility Driving Training for Seniors : A Pilot Study. Assistive Technology, 17(2006), 47–56. Hasdai, A., Jessel, A., & Weiss, P. (1998). Use of a computer simulator for training
children with disabilities in the operation of a powered wheelchair. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 52(3), 215–220. Retrieved from http://ajot.aotapress.net/content/52/3/215.short
Hunt, L. A. (2001). The effects of blur on neuropsychological tests in young and old adults. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 62(4–B), 2087. https://doi.org/10.1167/1.3.93
Hunt, L. A., & Bassi, C. J. (2010). Near-vision acuity levels and performance on neuropsychological assessments used in occupational therapy. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 64(1), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.5014/ ajot.64.1.105
Ieperen, H. Van. (2015). Administration of the Trail Making Test to visually impaired individuals. University of Groningen: Groningen, The Netherlands.
Ivanov, I. V., Mackeben, M., Vollmer, A., Martus, P., Nguyen, N. X., & Trauzettel-Klosinski, S. (2016). Eye movement training and suggested gaze strategies in tunnel vision - A randomized and controlled pilot study. PLoS ONE, 11(6), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157825
Jannink, M. J. A., Erren-Wolters, C. V., de Kort, A. C., & van der Kooij, H. (2008). An Electric Scooter Simulation Program for Training the Driving Skills of Stroke Patients with Mobility Problems: A Pilot Study. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(6), 751–754. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0271
Jedeloo, S., De Witte, L., & Schrijvers, G. (2002). A user-centred approach to assess the effectiveness of outdoor mobility devices and services. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 25(2), 137–141. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004356-200206000-00007
Kasneci, E., Sippel, K., Aehling, K., Heister, M., Rosenstiel, W., Schiefer, U., & Papageorgiou, E. (2014). Driving with binocular visual field loss? A study on a supervised on-road parcours with simultaneous eye and head tracking. PloS ONE, 9(2), e87470. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087470
Kawano, N., Iwamoto, K., Ebe, K., Suzuki, Y., Hasegawa, J., Ukai, K., … Ozaki, N. (2012). Effects of mild cognitive impairment on driving performance in older
drivers. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60(7), 1379–1381. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04021.x
Kempen, J. H., Kritchevsky, M., & Feldman, S. T. (1994). Effect of visual impairment on neuropsychological test performance. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 16(2), 223–231. https://doi. org/10.1080/01688639408402633
Kok, R., & Verhey, F. (n.d.). Dutch translation of the Mini Mental State Examination (Folstein et al., 1975).
Kühn, M. (2009). An investigation into the safety risks of light weight vehicles. Berlin: German Insurance Association.
Lamble, D., Summala, H., & Hyvärinen, L. (2002). Driving performance of drivers with impaired central visual field acuity. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 34(5), 711–716.
Langelaan, M., Wouters, B., Moll, A. C., Boer, M. R., & Rens, G. H. M. B. (2005). Intra-and interrater agreement and reliability of the Functional Field Score. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 25(2), 136–142.
Lee, H. (2003). The validity of driving simulator to measure on-road driving performance of older drivers. Transport Engineering in Australia, August, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4575(02)00083-0
Leijdesdorff, H. A. A., Dijck, J. T. J. M. Van, & Krijnen, P. (2014). Ongevallen met een scootmobiel. Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde, 1–5.
Letts, L., Dawson, D., Bretholz, I., Kaiserman-Goldenstein, E., Gleason, J., McLellan, E., … Roth, C. (2007). Reliability and Validity of the Power-Mobility Community Driving Assessment. Assistive Technology, 19, 151–163.
Letts, L., Dawson, D., & Kaiserman-Goldenstein, E. (1998). Development of the Power-mobility Community Driving Assessment. Canadian Journal of Rehabilitation. Retrieved from http://fhs.mcmaster.ca/powermobility/PCDADev.pdf
Lew, H. L., Poole, J. H., Lee, E. H., Jaffe, D. L., Huang, H. C., & Brodd, E. (2005). Predictive validity of driving-simulator assessments following traumatic brain injury: A preliminary study. Brain Injury, 19(3), 177–188. https://doi. org/10.1080/02699050400017171
Löfqvist, C., Pettersson, C., Iwarsson, S., & Brandt, A. (2012). Löfqvist - pwh and scooter mobility use at 4 month and 1 year. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 7(3), 211–218. https://doi.org/10.3109/17483107.2011.61 9244
Lopez, D., McCaul, K. A., Hankey, G. J., Norman, P. E., Almeida, O. P., Dobson, A. J., … Flicker, L. (2011). Falls, injuries from falls, health related quality of life
and mortality in older adults with vision and hearing impairment - Is there a gender difference? Maturitas, 69(4), 359–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. maturitas.2011.05.006
Lowe, C., & Rabbitt, P. (1997). Cognitive models of ageing and frontal lobe deficits. In Rabbit, P. (Ed.), Methodology of frontal and executive function (pp. 39–57). UK: Psychology Press Ltd.
Lundberg, C., & Hakamies-Blomqvist, L. (2003). Driving tests with older patients: Effect of unfamiliar versus familiar vehicle. Transportation Research, Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 6, 163–173.
Lundqvist, A., & Alinder, J. (2007). Driving after brain injury: Self-awareness and coping at the tactical level of control. Brain Injury, 21(11), 1109–1117. https:// doi.org/10.1080/02699050701651660
Martens, M. H., & Fox, M. R. J. (2007). Do familiarity and expectations change perception? Drivers’ glances and response to changes. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 10(6), 476–492. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2007.05.003
Massengale, S., Folden, D., McConnell, P., Stratton, L., & Whitehead, V. (2005). Effect of visual perception, visual function, cognition, and personality on power wheelchair use in adults. Assistive Technology, 17(2), 108–121.
Mathias, J. L., & Lucas, L. K. (2009). Cognitive predictors of unsafe driving in older drivers: A meta-analysis. International Psychogeriatrics, 21(4), 637–653. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610209009119
May, E., Garrett, R., & Ballantyne, A. (2010). Being mobile: Electric mobility-scooters and their use by older people. Ageing and Society, 30(7), 1219–1237. https:// doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X10000334
Mayhew, D. R., Simpson, H. M., Wood, K. M., Lonero, L., Clinton, K. M., & Johnson, A. G. (2011). On-road and simulated driving: Concurrent and discriminant validation. Journal of Safety Research, 42(4), 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jsr.2011.06.004
McMullan, K. S. (2016). Low Vision and Mobility Scooters. Otago Polytechnic:Dunedin, New Zealand.
Medeiros, F. a., Weinreb, R. N., R. Boer, E., & Rosen, P. N. (2012). Driving Simulation as a Performance-based Test of Visual Impairment in Glaucoma. Journal of Glaucoma, 21(4), 221–227. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0b013e3182071832 Melis-Dankers, B. J. M., Kooijman, A. C., Brouwer, W. H., Busscher, R. B., Bredewoud,
R. A., Derksen, P. H., … Witvliet, J. M. D. (2008). A demonstration project on driving with reduced visual acuity and a bioptic telescope system in the Netherlands. Visual Impairment Research, 10(1), 7–22. https://doi.
org/10.1080/13882350802053707
Meyers, J. E., & Meyers, K. R. (1995). Rey complex figure test under four different administration procedures. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 9(1), 63–67. Meyers, J. E., Volbrecht, M., & Kaster-Bundgaard, J. (1999). Driving is more than pedal
pushing. Applied Neuropsychology, 6(3), 154–164. https://doi.org/10.1207/ s15324826an0603_3
Michon, J. (1985). A critical view of driver behavior models: what do we know, what should we do? In L. Evans & R. C. Schwing (Eds.), Human Behavior and Traffic Safety. New York: Plenum Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2173-6 Morgan, S. (2004). Positive risk-taking: an idea whose time has come. Health
Care Risk Report, 10, 18–19. Retrieved from http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/ static/f/586382/9538512/1290507680737/OpenMind-PositiveRiskTaking. pdf?token=ElVKhX4Soz6TlFbuppAGcJTsZVI%3D
Mortenson, W. B., Miller, W. C., Boily, J., Steele, B., Crawford, E. M., & Desharnais, G. (2006). Overarching principles and salient findings for inclusion in guidelines for power mobility use within residential care facilities. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 43(2), 199–208.
Mortenson, W. B., Miller, W. C., Boily, J., Steele, B., Odell, L., Crawford, E. M., & Desharnais, G. (2005). Perceptions of power mobility use and safety within residential facilities. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy., 72(3), 142– 152. https://doi.org/10.1177/000841740507200302
Mullen, Nadia; Charlton, Judith; Devlin, Anna; Bédard, M. (2011). Simulator Validity: Behaviours Observed On The Simulator And On The Road. In J. D. Fisher, Donald L; Rozzo, Matthew; Caird, Jeffrey; Lee (Ed.), Handbook of Driving Simulation for Engineering, Medicine, and Psychology (pp. 1–17). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Nitz, J. C. (2008). Evidence from a cohort of able bodied adults to support the need for driver training for motorized scooters before community participation. Patient Education and Counseling, 70(2), 276–280.
Owsley, C. (2010). The vision and driving challenge. Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology : The Official Journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society, 30(2), 115–116. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNO.0b013e3181e2d045; 10.1097/ WNO.0b013e3181e2d045
Owsley, C. (2011). Aging and vision. Vision Research, 51(13), 1610–1622. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.visres.2010.10.020
Owsley, C., & McGwin Jr., G. (2010). Vision and driving. Vision Research, 50(23), 2348–2361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2010.05.021
Owsley, C., & McGwin, G. (1999). Vision impairment and driving. Survey of Ophthalmology, 43(6), 535–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6257(99)00035-1
Oxley, J., & Whelan, M. (2008). It cannot be all about safety: the benefits of prolonged mobility. Traffic Injury Prevention, 9(4), 367–378. https://doi. org/10.1080/15389580801895285
Papandonatos, G. D., Ott, B. R., Davis, J. D., Peggy, P., & Carr, D. B. (2016). Driving Performance in Older Adults, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 63(11), 2358–2364. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13776.
Piersma, D., Fuermaier, A. B. M., de Waard, D., Davidse, R. J., de Groot, J., Doumen, M. J. A., … Tucha, O. (2016). Prediction of Fitness to Drive in Patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia. PLoS ONE, 11(2), e0149566. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0149566
Poort, E., Den Hertog, P., Draisma, C., & Klein Wolt, K. (2012). Scootmobiel ongevallen. Amsterdam: VeiligheidNL.
Ragland, D. R., Satariano, W. A., & MacLeod, K. E. (2005). Driving cessation and increased depressive symptoms. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 60(3), 399–403.
Reitan, R. (1958). Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 8, 271–276.
Research Institute for Consumer Affairs (RICA) (2014). Mobility scooters: a market study. UK: Department of Transport.
Riccio, G. E., & Stoffregen, T. A. (1991). An ecological Theory of Motion Sickness and Postural Instability An Ecological Theory of Motion Sickness and Postural Instability. Ecological Psychology, 3(3), 195–240. https://doi.org/10.1207/ s15326969eco0303
Rondinelli, R. D. (2007). AMA Guides Sixth Edition (p. 281-312). Chicago, Il: American Medical Association.
Schepers, J. P. (2007). Gemotoriseerde voertuigen voor mensen met een beperkte mobiliteit. Nederland: Riojkswaterstaat.
Schepers, P., & den Brinker, B. (2011). What do cyclists need to see to avoid single-bicycle crashes? Ergonomics, 54(4), 315–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/001401 39.2011.558633
Schmand, B., Houx, P., & De Koning, I. (2003). Normen voor Stroop kleur-woord tests, Trail Making test, en Story Recall van de Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test. Nederlands Instituut van Psychologen.
Schuhfried, G. (2012). Vienna Test System Traffic. Mödling: Schuhfried GmbH. Selander, H. (2012). Driving assessment and driving behaviour. School of Health
Sciences, Jönköping University. Jönköping: School of Health Sciences. Shinar, D., & Schieber, F. (1991). Visual Requirements for safety and Mobility of
Older Drivers. Human Factors, 33(5), 507–519.
Skeel, R. L., Nagra, A., VanVoorst, W., & Olson, E. (2003). The relationship between performance-based visual acuity screening, self-reported visual acuity, and neuropsychological performance. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17(2), 129–36. https://doi.org/10.1076/clin.17.2.129.16509
Spek, A. A., & Velderman, E. (2013). Examining the relationship between Autism spectrum disorders and technical professions in high functioning adults. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7(5), 606–612. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.02.002
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. a. (1993). State-trait anxiety inventory for adults. Mind Garden Inc.
Statistics Netherlands [Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek], 2017a. Retrieved July 2018 from http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/ publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=81568NED&LA=NL
Statistics Netherlands [Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek], 2017b. Retrieved July 2018 from http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=81452 ned&D1=2-8&D2=0&D3=a&D4=0,4,9,14-l&HDR=G1,G2,T&STB=G3&VW=T Statistics Netherlands [Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek], 2018. Retrieved April
2018 from http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=71936n ed&D1=4&D2=0&D3=a&D4=0,4,9,14,(l-1),l&VW=T.
Steyn, P. V, & Chan, A. S. (2008). Mobility Scooter Research Project, (March), 1–114. Retrieved from http://www.ufv.ca/media/assets/centre-for-education--research-on-aging/Scooter+report.pdf
Stoner, H. A., Fisher, D. L., & Mollenhauer Jr., M. (2011). Simulator and Scenario Factors Influencing simulator sickness. In D. L. Fisher, M. Rizzo, J. Caird, & J. D. Lee (Eds.), Handbook of Driving Simulation for Engineering, Medicine, and Psychology (pp. 14–19). Boca raton: CRC Press.
Szlyk, J. P., Alexander, K. R., Severing, K., & Fishman, G. A. (1992). Assessment of Driving Performance in Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa. Archives of Opthalmology, 110, 1709–1713.
Szlyk, J. P., Brigell, M., & Seiple, W. (1993). Effects of Age and Hemianopic Visual Field Loss on Driving. Optometry and Vision Science, 70(12), 1031–1037.
Szlyk, J. P., Mahler, C. L., Seiple, W., Edward, D. P., & Wilensky, J. T. (2005). Driving performance of glaucoma patients correlates with peripheral visual field loss. Journal of Glaucoma, 14(2), 145–150. https://doi.org/10.1097/01. ijg.0000151686.89162.28
Szlyk, J. P., Seiple, W., & Viana, M. (1995). Relative effects of age and compromised vision on driving performance. Human Factors, 37(2), 430–6. https://doi. org/10.1518/001872095779064645
Tant, M., Brouwer, W., Cornelissen, F. W., & Kooijman, A. C. (2002). Driving and visuospatial performance in people with hemianopia. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 12(5), 419–437.
Thoreau, R. (2015). The impact of mobility scooters on their users. Does their usage help or hinder? A state of the art review. Journal of Transport & Health, 2(2), 269–275.
Tombaugh, T. N., & McIntyre, N. J. (1992). The mini-mental state examination: a comprehensive review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 40(9)m 922-935. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x
Underwood, G., Crundall, D., & Chapman, P. (2011). Driving simulator validation with hazard perception. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 14(6), 435–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2011.04.008 UK Government (n.d.). Mobility scooters and powered wheelchairs: the rules.
Retrieved November 2017 from: https://www.gov.uk/mobility-scooters-and-powered-wheelchairs-rules.
Van Baalen, M., & Boerwinkel, L. (2011). Scoot veilig - iedere scootmobielgebruiker veilig op de weg. Utrecht: Blijf Veilig Mobiel.
Van Rijn, M. J. (2016). Antwoorden op Kamervragen van het Kamerlid Bergkamp (D66) over problematiek rondom onveilige scootmobiels. Den Haag.
Van Zomeren, A. H., Brouwer, W. H., & Minderhoud, J. M. (1987). Aquired brain damange and driving: A review.pdf. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 68, 697–705.
Veldstra, J. (2014). When the party is over... Investigating the effects of alcohol, THC and MDMA on simulator driving performance. University of Groningen: Groningen, the Netherlands.
Vestri, A., & Marchi, S. (2009). Traumatic Brain Injury. In J. Hunter, J. De Vries, Y. Brown, & A. Hekstra (Eds.), Handbook of Disabled Driver Assessment (pp. 318–327). Ljubljana.
Vlakveld, W. P. (2008). Toetsen en trainen van gevaarherkenning. Leidschendam: SVOW.
Wadley, V. G., Okonkwo, O., Crowe, M., Vance, D. E., Elgin, J. M., Ball, K. K., & Owsley, C. (2009). Mild cognitive impairment and everyday function: An investigation of driving performance. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 22(2), 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891988708328215
Wagner, J. T., Müri, R. M., Nef, T., & Mosimann, U. P. (2011). Cognition and driving in older persons. Swiss Medical Weekly, 141(January), 1–8. https://doi. org/10.4414/smw.2011.13136
Wang, R. H., Mihailidis, A., Dutta, T., & Fernie, G. R. (2011). Usability testing of multimodal feedback interface and simulated collision-avoidance power wheelchair for long-term-care home residents with cognitive impairments. The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 48(7), 801. https:// doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2010.08.0147
Welsh, R. L. (2010). Psychosocial dimensions of orientation and mobility. In B. B. Wiener, William R.; Welsh, Richard L.; Blasch (Ed.), Foundations of orientation and mobility. Vol. 1. American Foundation for the Blind.
WHO. (2017). Blindness and visual impairment. Retrieved from http://www.who. int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment
Williams, G., & Willmott, C. (2012). Higher levels of mobility are associated with greater societal participation and better quality-of-life. Brain Injury, 26(9), 1065–1071.
Wilson, M., Smith, N. C., Chattington, M., Ford, M., & Marple-Horvat, D. E. (2006). The role of effort in moderating the anxiety-performance relationship: Testing the prediction of processing efficiency theory in simulated rally driving. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24, 1223–1233. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500497667 Winter, J. C. F. De, Leeuwen, P. M. Van, & Happee, R. (2012). Advantages and
Disadvantages of Driving Simulators : A Discussion. Proceedings of Measuring Behavior, 47–50.
Zijlstra, G. A. R., Ballemans, J., & Kempen, G. I. J. M. (2012). Orientation and mobility training for adults with low vision : a new standardized approach. Clinical Rehabilitation, 3(1), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215512445395
