University of Groningen
Disturbed vitamin A metabolism in chronic liver disease and relevance for therapy Saeed, Ali
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Publication date: 2019
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Saeed, A. (2019). Disturbed vitamin A metabolism in chronic liver disease and relevance for therapy. University of Groningen.
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PROPOSITIONS
Stellingen behorende bij het proefschrift:
Disturbed vitamin A metabolism in chronic liver disease and relevance for therapy
1. The fact that the liver contains multiple retinyl ester hydrolases (PNPLA3, ATGL, HSL) and only one enzyme that esterifies retinol (LRAT) indicates that vitamin A release from the liver is evolutionary more important than vitamin A storage. (This
thesis)
2. Hepatic vitamin A storage is much more sensitive to metabolic disease and therapies as compared to circulatory vitamin A levels, which should also be included in the clinical assessment of systemic and tissue vitamin A deficiency (VAD). (This thesis)
3. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not associated with systemic vitamin A deficiency, but impaired vitamin A metabolism. (This thesis)
4. Hepatocytes are the dominant vitamin A-storing cells in NAFLD, not the hepatic stellate cells. (This thesis)
5. The accurate quantification of retinyl esters in fatty livers is highly dependent on the lipid extraction method, especially in the tissue from fatty liver. (This thesis) 6. Glycogen Storage Disease Ia is associated with impaired vitamin A metabolism
that may contribute to disease-associated symptoms, such as hepatic steatosis and osteoporosis. (This thesis)
7. Low serum retinol levels in patients with NAFLD should not be treated with over-the-counter oral vitamin A supplements. (This thesis)
8. FXR-targeted therapies reduce hepatic vitamin A storage and show the ability to correct the accumulation of hepatic vitamin A in NAFLD. (This thesis)
9. It is not funny that, by adapting to a Western diet, I turned obese (gained 22 kg) while searching for new therapeutic targets against obesity and NAFLD.
10. Science generates more questions in the attempt to answer a few.
11. Critique is a great tool that works best if someone applies it at his/herself. 12. To achieve a goal needs motivation, focus, patience and hard-but-smart work. 13. Education is the key to eradicate hate in the world spread by our political leaders.
